1
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Twiringiyimana R, Ashfeld BL. Pseudoaromaticity-driven, transition metal detection by squaraine-derived enol phosphonium ylide chemodosimeters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5638-5641. [PMID: 38716693 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05268k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The addition of PnBu3 to o-substituted dianiline squaraine dyes leads to bench stable ylides. Exposure to a metal analyte in solution, results in PIII abstraction and rapid disruption of the ylide conjugation to promote reversion back to the squaraine dye giving an immediate turn-on colorimetric response. The stoichiometric sensitivity and accessibility of these chemodosimeters constitute effective organic dyes for trace transition metal detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon L Ashfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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2
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Rizi FS, Talebi S, Manshadi MKD, Mohammadi M. Combination of the insulator‐based dielectrophoresis and hydrodynamic methods for separating bacteria smaller than 3 μm in bloodstream infection: Numerical simulation approach. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Calgary Calgary Canada
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3
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Wang Z, Xing B. Small-molecule fluorescent probes: big future for specific bacterial labeling and infection detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:155-170. [PMID: 34882159 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05531c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections remain a global healthcare problem that is particularly attributed to the spread of antibiotic resistance and the evolving pathogenicity. Accurate and swift approaches for infection diagnosis are urgently needed to facilitate antibiotic stewardship and effective medical treatment. Direct optical imaging for specific bacterial labeling and infection detection offers an attractive prospect of precisely monitoring the infectious disease status and therapeutic response in real time. This feature article focuses on the recent advances of small-molecule probes developed for fluorescent imaging of bacteria and infection, which covers the probe design, responsive mechanisms and representative applications. In addition, the perspective and challenges to advance small-molecule fluorescent probes in the field of rapid drug-resistant bacterial detection and clinical diagnosis of bacterial infections are discussed. We envision that the continuous advancement and clinical translations of such a technique will have a strong impact on future anti-infective medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore. .,School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
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4
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Lopez-Sanchez J, Alajarin M, Pastor A, Berna J. Mechanically Interlocked Profragrances for the Controlled Release of Scents. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15045-15054. [PMID: 34597042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of interlocked profragrances and the study of the controlled release of the corresponding scents are reported. The structures of the profragrances are based on a [2]pseudorotaxane scaffold with a fumaramate thread derived from perfumery alcohols and a tetrabenzylamido ring. The delivery of the scents was accomplished by sequential thermal dethreading and further enzymatic hydrolysis. Alternatively, the dethreading can be achieved by increasing the polarity of the solvent or photochemical isomerization. The temperature of dethreading can be modulated by the steric demand of the ends of the thread, which allows the selection of different precursor structures depending on the desired rates of delivery. The inputs and outputs for the controlled release of the interlocked profragrances correspond to those of YES or AND logic gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lopez-Sanchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelia Pastor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", 30100 Murcia, Spain
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5
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Simultaneous exposure to intracellular and extracellular photosensitizers for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0091921. [PMID: 34516248 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00919-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a serious threat to public health due to the rise of antibiotic resistance in this organism, which can prolong or exacerbate skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium and a leading cause of SSTIs. As such, many efforts are underway to develop therapies that target essential biological processes in S. aureus. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is effective alternative to antibiotics, therefore we developed an approach to simultaneously expose S. aureus to intracellular and extracellular photoactivators. A near infrared photosensitizer was conjugated to human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the S. aureus Isd heme acquisition proteins. Additionally, the compound VU0038882 was developed to increase photoactivatable porphyrins within the cell. Combinatorial PDT treatment of drug-resistant S. aureus exposed to VU0038882 and conjugated anti-Isd mAbs proved to be an effective antibacterial strategy in vitro and in a murine model of SSTIs.
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6
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Maria Ranieri A, Vezzelli M, Leslie KG, Huang S, Stagni S, Jacquemin D, Jiang H, Hubbard A, Rigamonti L, Watkin ELJ, Ogden MI, New EJ, Massi M. Structure illumination microscopy imaging of lipid vesicles in live bacteria with naphthalimide-appended organometallic complexes. Analyst 2021; 146:3818-3822. [PMID: 34036982 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of molecular probes for imaging bacteria, in comparison to the array of such tools available for the imaging of mammalian cells. Here, organometallic molecular probes have been developed and assessed for bacterial imaging, designed to have the potential to support multiple imaging modalities. The chemical structure of the probes is designed around a metal-naphthalimide structure. The 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide moiety, covalently appended through a pyridine ancillary ligand, acts as a luminescent probe for super-resolution microscopy. On the other hand, the metal centre, rhenium(i) or platinum(ii) in the current study, enables techniques such as nanoSIMS. While the rhenium(i) complex was not sufficiently stable to be used as a probe, the platinum(ii) analogue showed good chemical and biological stability. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) imaging on live Bacillus cereus confirmed the suitability of the probe for super-resolution microscopy. NanoSIMS analysis was used to monitor the uptake of the platinum(ii) complex within the bacteria and demonstrate the potential of this chemical architecture to enable multimodal imaging. The successful combination of these two moieties introduces a platform that could lead to a versatile range of multi-functional probes for bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Ranieri
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, WA, Australia.
| | - Matteo Vezzelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Kathryn G Leslie
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia.
| | - Song Huang
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, Univsersity of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università degli Studi di Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, Universit8 de Nantes, 2 Rue de la HoussiniHre, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, Univsersity of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alysia Hubbard
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, Univsersity of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Luca Rigamonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elizabeth L J Watkin
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley 6102 WA, Australia
| | - Mark I Ogden
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, WA, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth J New
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia.
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, WA, Australia.
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7
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Chen H, Zhao J, Lin J, Dong B, Li H, Geng B, Yan M. Amphiphilic copolymer fluorescent probe for mitochondrial viscosity detection and its application in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 252:119499. [PMID: 33556793 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial viscosity measurement with the amphiphilic copolymer fluorescent probe (PP) has been successfully revealed for the first time. PP was synthesized, starting from a hydrophobic rhodamine derivative fluorophore and hydrophilic 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) by radical polymerization, which could be used to detect mitochondrial viscosity specifically. The systematic investigation demonstrated that the fluorescence emission of PP with a deep red emission increased about 9-fold when the medium is changed from methanol to 99% glycerol, indicating high viscosity dependence. Moreover, PP could self-assemble into nanospheres with the particle size of about 140 nm in water and the nano-structure enabled PP to enter living cells quickly. Cytotoxicity test showed that the cells survival rate remained above 70% at 70 μg·mL-1 of PP. Good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity of PP are promising to provide a high contrast fluorescence imaging. Taken together, the results point the way to development of novel amphiphilic copolymer fluorescent probes-based the detection in solutions, physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jianzhi Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Baoli Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Bing Geng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Mei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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8
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Bacher EP, Koh KJ, Lepore AJ, Oliver AG, Wiest O, Ashfeld BL. A Phosphine-Mediated Dearomative Skeletal Rearrangement of Dianiline Squaraine Dyes. Org Lett 2021; 23:2853-2857. [PMID: 33769064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A phosphorus(III)-mediated dearomatization of ortho-substituted dianiline squaraine dyes results in an unusual skeletal rearrangement to provide exotic, highly conjugated benzofuranone and oxindole scaffolds bearing a C3 side chain comprised of a linear conflagration of an enol, a phosphorus ylide, and 2,4-disubstituted aniline. Employing experimental and computational analysis, a mechanistic evaluation revealed a striking dependence on the acidity of the aniline ortho substituent. Notably, the rearrangement adducts underwent rapid and complete reversion to the parent squaraine in the presence of a Brønsted acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P Bacher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kevin J Koh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Antonio J Lepore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brandon L Ashfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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9
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Bej S, Nandi M, Ghosh P. A Cd(ii) and Zn(ii) selective naphthyl based [2]rotaxane acts as an exclusive Zn(ii) sensor upon further functionalization with pyrene. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:294-303. [PMID: 33300925 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03645e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new multi-functional [2]rotaxane, ROTX, has been synthesized via a Cu(i) catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction between Ni(ii) templated azide terminated pseudorotaxane composed of a naphthalene based heteroditopic wheel, NaphMC, and an alkyne terminated stopper. Subsequently, ROTX has been functionalized with pyrene moieties to develop a bifluorophoric [2]rotaxane, PYROTX, having naphthalene and pyrene moieties. Detailed characterization of these two rotaxanes is performed by utilizing several techniques such as ESI-MS, (1D and 2D) NMR, UV/Vis and PL studies. Comparative metal ion sensing studies of NaphMC (a fluorophoric cyclic receptor), ROTX ([2]rotaxane with a naphthyl fluorophore) and PYROTX ([2]rotaxane having naphthyl and pyrene fluorophores) have been performed to determine the effect of dimensionality/functionalization on the metal ion selectivity. Although NaphMC fails to discriminate between metal ions, ROTX serves as a selective sensor for Zn(ii) and Cd(ii). Importantly, PYROTX shows exclusive selectivity towards Zn(ii) over various transition, alkali and alkaline earth metal ions including Cd(ii).
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Bej
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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10
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Kumar N, Roopa, Bhalla V, Kumar M. Beyond zinc coordination: Bioimaging applications of Zn(II)-complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Cabral AD, Rafiei N, de Araujo ED, Radu TB, Toutah K, Nino D, Murcar-Evans BI, Milstein JN, Kraskouskaya D, Gunning PT. Sensitive Detection of Broad-Spectrum Bacteria with Small-Molecule Fluorescent Excimer Chemosensors. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2753-2762. [PMID: 32803944 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major problem for world health, triggered by the unnecessary usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics on purportedly infected patients. Current clinical standards require lengthy protocols for the detection of bacterial species in sterile physiological fluids. In this work, a class of small-molecule fluorescent chemosensors termed ProxyPhos was shown to be capable of rapid, sensitive, and facile detection of broad-spectrum bacteria. The sensors act via a turn-on fluorescent excimer mechanism, where close-proximity binding of multiple sensor units amplifies a red shift emission signal. ProxyPhos sensors were able to detect down to 10 CFUs of model strains by flow cytometry assays and showed selectivity over mammalian cells in a bacterial coculture through fluorescence microscopy. The studies reveal that the zinc(II)-chelates cyclen and cyclam are novel and effective binding units for the detection of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. Mode of action studies revealed that the chemosensors detect Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains with two distinct mechanisms. Preliminary studies applying ProxyPhos sensors to sterile physiological fluids (cerebrospinal fluid) in flow cytometry assays were successful. The results suggest that ProxyPhos sensors can be developed as a rapid, inexpensive, and robust tool for the "yes-no" detection of broad-spectrum bacteria in sterile fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D. Cabral
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nafiseh Rafiei
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Elvin D. de Araujo
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Tudor B. Radu
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Krimo Toutah
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Daniel Nino
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Bronte I. Murcar-Evans
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Joshua N. Milstein
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Dziyana Kraskouskaya
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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12
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Ranieri AM, Caporale C, Fiorini V, Hubbard A, Rigby P, Stagni S, Watkin E, Ogden MI, Hackett MJ, Massi M. Complementary Approaches to Imaging Subcellular Lipid Architectures in Live Bacteria Using Phosphorescent Iridium Complexes and Raman Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2019; 25:10566-10570. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Ranieri
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, and School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin University Bentley 6102 WA Australia
| | - Chiara Caporale
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, and School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin University Bentley 6102 WA Australia
| | - Valentina Fiorini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Alysia Hubbard
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and AnalysisThe University of Western Australia Perth 6009 WA Australia
| | - Paul Rigby
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and AnalysisThe University of Western Australia Perth 6009 WA Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Elizabeth Watkin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research InstituteCurtin University Kent Street Bentley 6102 Australia
| | - Mark I. Ogden
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, and School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin University Bentley 6102 WA Australia
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, and School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin University Bentley 6102 WA Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, and School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin University Bentley 6102 WA Australia
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13
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Welling MM, Hensbergen AW, Bunschoten A, Velders AH, Scheper H, Smits WK, Roestenberg M, van Leeuwen FWB. Fluorescent imaging of bacterial infections and recent advances made with multimodal radiopharmaceuticals. Clin Transl Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-019-00322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Bacher EP, Lepore AJ, Pena-Romero D, Smith BD, Ashfeld BL. Nucleophilic addition of phosphorus(iii) derivatives to squaraines: colorimetric detection of transition metal-mediated or thermal reversion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3286-3289. [PMID: 30810572 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01243e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophilic addition of phosphorus(iii) agents to the electrophilic core of intensely colored squaraine dyes gives a bleached zwitterionic adduct in good to excellent yields (up to 99%) at room temperature. The process can be reversed by adding specific transition metal complexes with high phosphorous(iii) affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P Bacher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Antonio J Lepore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Deisy Pena-Romero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Brandon L Ashfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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15
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16
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Roland FM, Peck EM, Rice DR, Smith BD. Preassembled Fluorescent Multivalent Probes for the Imaging of Anionic Membranes. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1093-1101. [PMID: 28125214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new self-assembly process known as Synthavidin (synthetic avidin) technology was used to prepare targeted probes for near-infrared fluorescence imaging of anionic membranes and cell surfaces, a hallmark of many different types of disease. The probes were preassembled by threading a tetralactam macrocycle with six appended zinc-dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) targeting units onto a linear scaffold with one or two squaraine docking stations to produce hexavalent or dodecavalent fluorescent probes. A series of liposome titration experiments showed that multivalency promoted stronger membrane binding by the dodecavalent probe. In addition, the dodecavalent probe exhibited turn-on fluorescence due to probe unfolding during fluorescence microscopy at the membrane surface. However, the dodecavalent probe also had a higher tendency to self-aggregate after membrane binding, leading to probe self-quenching under certain conditions. This self-quenching effect was apparent during fluorescence microscopy experiments that recorded low fluorescence intensity from anionic dead and dying mammalian cells that were saturated with the dodecavalent probe. Conversely, probe self-quenching was not a factor with anionic microbial surfaces, where there was intense fluorescence staining by the dodecavalent probe. A successful set of rat tumor imaging experiments confirmed that the preassembled probes have sufficient mechanical stability for effective in vivo imaging. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this general class of preassembled fluorescent probes for multivalent targeting, but fluorescence imaging performance depends on the specific physical attributes of the biomarker target, such as the spatial distance between different copies of the biomarker and the propensity of the probe-biomarker complex to self-aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia M Roland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Evan M Peck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Douglas R Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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17
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Faridi MA, Ramachandraiah H, Banerjee I, Ardabili S, Zelenin S, Russom A. Elasto-inertial microfluidics for bacteria separation from whole blood for sepsis diagnostics. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:3. [PMID: 28052769 PMCID: PMC5210221 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bloodstream infections (BSI) remain a major challenge with high mortality rate, with an incidence that is increasing worldwide. Early treatment with appropriate therapy can reduce BSI-related morbidity and mortality. However, despite recent progress in molecular based assays, complex sample preparation steps have become critical roadblock for a greater expansion of molecular assays. Here, we report a size based, label-free, bacteria separation from whole blood using elasto-inertial microfluidics. Results In elasto-inertial microfluidics, the viscoelastic flow enables size based migration of blood cells into a non-Newtonian solution, while smaller bacteria remain in the streamline of the blood sample entrance and can be separated. We first optimized the flow conditions using particles, and show continuous separation of 5 μm particles from 2 μm at a yield of 95% for 5 µm particle and 93% for 2 µm particles at respective outlets. Next, bacteria were continuously separated at an efficiency of 76% from undiluted whole blood sample. Conclusion We demonstrate separation of bacteria from undiluted while blood using elasto-inertial microfluidics. The label-free, passive bacteria preparation method has a great potential for downstream phenotypic and molecular analysis of bacteria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-016-0235-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim Faridi
- Division of Proteomics & Nano-biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, SciLifeLab Tomtebodavägen 23, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Harisha Ramachandraiah
- Division of Proteomics & Nano-biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, SciLifeLab Tomtebodavägen 23, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Indradumna Banerjee
- Division of Proteomics & Nano-biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, SciLifeLab Tomtebodavägen 23, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sahar Ardabili
- Division of Proteomics & Nano-biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, SciLifeLab Tomtebodavägen 23, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sergey Zelenin
- Division of Proteomics & Nano-biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, SciLifeLab Tomtebodavägen 23, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Aman Russom
- Division of Proteomics & Nano-biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, SciLifeLab Tomtebodavägen 23, 17165, Solna, Sweden.
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18
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Rice DR, Clear KJ, Smith BD. Imaging and therapeutic applications of zinc(ii)-dipicolylamine molecular probes for anionic biomembranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:8787-801. [PMID: 27302091 PMCID: PMC4949593 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03669d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This feature article describes the development of synthetic zinc(ii)-dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) receptors as selective targeting agents for anionic membranes in cell culture and living subjects. There is a strong connection between anionic cell surface charge and disease, and ZnDPA probes have been employed extensively for molecular imaging and targeted therapeutics. Fluorescence and nuclear imaging applications include detection of diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, arthritis, and microbial infection, and also quantification of cell death caused by therapy. Therapeutic applications include selective targeting of cytotoxic agents and drug delivery systems, photodynamic inactivation, and modulation of the immune system. The article concludes with a summary of expected future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA.
| | - Kasey J Clear
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA.
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA.
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Abstract
The rise in multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria has become a global crisis. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of infection will facilitate antibiotic stewardship and preserve our ability to treat and cure patients from bacterial infection. Direct in situ imaging of bacteria offers the prospect of accurately diagnosing disease and monitoring patient outcomes and response to treatment in real-time. There have been many recent advances in the field of optical imaging of infection; namely in specific probe and fluorophore design. This combined with the advances in imaging device technology render direct optical imaging of infection a feasible approach for accurate diagnosis in the clinic. Despite this, there are currently no licensed molecular probes for clinical optical imaging of infection. Here we report some of the most promising and interesting probes and approaches under development for this purpose, which have been evaluated in in vivo models within the laboratory setting.
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20
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Peck EM, Battles PM, Rice DR, Roland FM, Norquest KA, Smith BD. Pre-Assembly of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Multivalent Molecular Probes for Biological Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1400-10. [PMID: 27088305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A programmable pre-assembly method is described and shown to produce near-infrared fluorescent molecular probes with tunable multivalent binding properties. The modular assembly process threads one or two copies of a tetralactam macrocycle onto a fluorescent PEGylated squaraine scaffold containing a complementary number of docking stations. Appended to the macrocycle periphery are multiple copies of a ligand that is known to target a biomarker. The structure and high purity of each threaded complex was determined by independent spectrometric methods and also by gel electrophoresis. Especially helpful were diagnostic red-shift and energy transfer features in the absorption and fluorescence spectra. The threaded complexes were found to be effective multivalent molecular probes for fluorescence microscopy and in vivo fluorescence imaging of living subjects. Two multivalent probes were prepared and tested for targeting of bone in mice. A pre-assembled probe with 12 bone-targeting iminodiacetate ligands produced more bone accumulation than an analogous pre-assembled probe with six iminodiacetate ligands. Notably, there was no loss in probe fluorescence at the bone target site after 24 h in the living animal, indicating that the pre-assembled fluorescent probe maintained very high mechanical and chemical stability on the skeletal surface. The study shows how this versatile pre-assembly method can be used in a parallel combinatorial manner to produce libraries of near-infrared fluorescent multivalent molecular probes for different types of imaging and diagnostic applications, with incremental structural changes in the number of targeting groups, linker lengths, linker flexibility, and degree of PEGylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Peck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Paul M Battles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Douglas R Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Felicia M Roland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kathryn A Norquest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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21
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Rice DR, Gan H, Smith BD. Bacterial imaging and photodynamic inactivation using zinc(II)-dipicolylamine BODIPY conjugates. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 14:1271-81. [PMID: 26063101 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00100e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Targeted imaging and antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (PDI) are emerging methods for detecting and eradicating pathogenic microorganisms. This study describes two structurally related optical probes that are conjugates of a zinc(II)-dipicolylamine targeting unit and a BODIPY chromophore. One probe is a microbial targeted fluorescent imaging agent, mSeek, and the other is an oxygen photosensitizing analogue, mDestroy. The conjugates exhibited high fluorescence quantum yield and singlet oxygen production, respectively. Fluorescence imaging and detection studies examined four bacterial strains: E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumonia, and B. thuringiensis vegetative cells and purified spores. The fluorescent probe, mSeek, is not phototoxic and enabled detection of all tested bacteria at concentrations of ∼100 CFU mL(-1) for B. thuringiensis spores, ∼1000 CFU mL(-1) for S. aureus and ∼10,000 CFU mL(-1) for E. coli. The photosensitizer analogue, mDestroy, inactivated 99-99.99% of bacterial samples and selectively killed bacterial cells in the presence of mammalian cells. However, mDestroy was ineffective against B. thuringiensis spores. Together, the results demonstrate a new two-probe strategy to optimize PDI of bacterial infection/contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA.
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22
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Nooshabadi F, Yang HJ, Bixler JN, Kong Y, Cirillo JD, Maitland KC. Intravital Fluorescence Excitation in Whole-Animal Optical Imaging. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149932. [PMID: 26901051 PMCID: PMC4762773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-animal fluorescence imaging with recombinant or fluorescently-tagged pathogens or cells enables real-time analysis of disease progression and treatment response in live animals. Tissue absorption limits penetration of fluorescence excitation light, particularly in the visible wavelength range, resulting in reduced sensitivity to deep targets. Here, we demonstrate the use of an optical fiber bundle to deliver light into the mouse lung to excite fluorescent bacteria, circumventing tissue absorption of excitation light in whole-animal imaging. We present the use of this technology to improve detection of recombinant reporter strains of tdTomato-expressing Mycobacterium bovis BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) bacteria in the mouse lung. A microendoscope was integrated into a whole-animal fluorescence imager to enable intravital excitation in the mouse lung with whole-animal detection. Using this technique, the threshold of detection was measured as 103 colony forming units (CFU) during pulmonary infection. In comparison, the threshold of detection for whole-animal fluorescence imaging using standard epi-illumination was greater than 106 CFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nooshabadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hee-Jeong Yang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joel N. Bixler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Cirillo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kristen C. Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kahveci Z, Vázquez-Guilló R, Mira A, Martinez L, Falcó A, Mallavia R, Mateo CR. Selective recognition and imaging of bacterial model membranes over mammalian ones by using cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes. Analyst 2016; 141:6287-6296. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01427e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the use of cationic polyfluorenes as fluorescent markers to selectively recognize bacterial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Kahveci
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular
- Universidad Miguel Hernández
- 03202 Elche
- Spain
| | - R. Vázquez-Guilló
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular
- Universidad Miguel Hernández
- 03202 Elche
- Spain
| | - A. Mira
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular
- Universidad Miguel Hernández
- 03202 Elche
- Spain
| | - L. Martinez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular
- Universidad Miguel Hernández
- 03202 Elche
- Spain
| | - A. Falcó
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular
- Universidad Miguel Hernández
- 03202 Elche
- Spain
| | - R. Mallavia
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular
- Universidad Miguel Hernández
- 03202 Elche
- Spain
| | - C. R. Mateo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular
- Universidad Miguel Hernández
- 03202 Elche
- Spain
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24
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Arshad E, Anas A, Asok A, Jasmin C, Pai SS, Bright Singh IS, Mohandas A, Biju V. Fluorescence detection of the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio harveyi in solution and animal cells using semiconductor quantum dots. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24161h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible binding of luminescent quantum dots to microbial cell surface enables easy detection of pathogens and validation of microbial infection pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Arshad
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Kochi 682 016
- India
| | - Abdulaziz Anas
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Institute of Oceanography (NIO)
- Regional Centre Cochin
- Kochi 682 018
- India
| | - Aparna Asok
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Kochi 682 016
- India
| | - C. Jasmin
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Institute of Oceanography (NIO)
- Regional Centre Cochin
- Kochi 682 018
- India
| | - Somnath S. Pai
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology
- Amity University
- Noida
- India
| | - I. S. Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Kochi 682 016
- India
| | - A. Mohandas
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Kochi 682 016
- India
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van Oosten M, Hahn M, Crane LMA, Pleijhuis RG, Francis KP, van Dijl JM, van Dam GM. Targeted imaging of bacterial infections: advances, hurdles and hopes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 39:892-916. [PMID: 26109599 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuv029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections represent an increasing problem in modern health care, in particular due to ageing populations and accumulating bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Diagnosis is rarely straightforward and consequently treatment is often delayed or indefinite. Therefore, novel tools that can be clinically implemented are urgently needed to accurately and swiftly diagnose infections. Especially, the direct imaging of infections is an attractive option. The challenge of specifically imaging bacterial infections in vivo can be met by targeting bacteria with an imaging agent. Here we review the current status of targeted imaging of bacterial infections, and we discuss advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches. Indeed, significant progress has been made in this field and the clinical implementation of targeted imaging of bacterial infections seems highly feasible. This was recently highlighted by the use of so-called smart activatable probes and a fluorescently labelled derivative of the antibiotic vancomycin. A major challenge remains the selection of the best imaging probes, and we therefore present a set of target selection criteria for clinical implementation of targeted bacterial imaging. Altogether, we conclude that the spectrum of potential applications for targeted bacterial imaging is enormous, ranging from fundamental research on infectious diseases to diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen van Oosten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Hahn
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lucia M A Crane
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rick G Pleijhuis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gooitzen M van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
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26
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Chen H, Zhang M, Li B, Chen D, Dong X, Wang Y, Gu Y. Versatile antimicrobial peptide-based ZnO quantum dots for in vivo bacteria diagnosis and treatment with high specificity. Biomaterials 2015; 53:532-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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de Boer E, Harlaar NJ, Taruttis A, Nagengast WB, Rosenthal EL, Ntziachristos V, van Dam GM. Optical innovations in surgery. Br J Surg 2015; 102:e56-72. [PMID: 25627136 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past decade, there has been a major drive towards clinical translation of optical and, in particular, fluorescence imaging in surgery. In surgical oncology, radical surgery is characterized by the absence of positive resection margins, a critical factor in improving prognosis. Fluorescence imaging provides the surgeon with reliable and real-time intraoperative feedback to identify surgical targets, including positive tumour margins. It also may enable decisions on the possibility of intraoperative adjuvant treatment, such as brachytherapy, chemotherapy or emerging targeted photodynamic therapy (photoimmunotherapy). METHODS This article reviews the use of optical imaging for intraoperative guidance and decision-making. RESULTS Image-guided cancer surgery has the potential to be a powerful tool in guiding future surgical care. Photoimmunotherapy is a theranostic concept (simultaneous diagnosis and treatment) on the verge of clinical translation, and is highlighted as an effective combination of image-guided surgery and intraoperative treatment of residual disease. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography, a technique complementary to optical image-guided surgery, is currently being tested in humans and is anticipated to have great potential for perioperative and postoperative application in surgery. CONCLUSION Significant advances have been achieved in real-time optical imaging strategies for intraoperative tumour detection and margin assessment. Optical imaging holds promise in achieving the highest percentage of negative surgical margins and in early detection of micrometastastic disease over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Boer
- Department of Surgery, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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28
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Gao M, Hu Q, Feng G, Tomczak N, Liu R, Xing B, Tang BZ, Liu B. A multifunctional probe with aggregation-induced emission characteristics for selective fluorescence imaging and photodynamic killing of bacteria over mammalian cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:659-63. [PMID: 25530179 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A multifunctional probe aggregation-induced emission-Zinc(II)-dipicolylamine (AIE-ZnDPA) is developed for selective targeting, fluorescence imaging, and photodynamic killing of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria over mammalian cells. The probe has significant advantages in simple probe design, enhanced fluorescence upon bacteria binding, excellent photostability, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with almost no harm to mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Institute of Materials Research Engineering (A*STAR); 3 Research Link Singapore 117602
| | - Qinglian Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
| | - Guangxue Feng
- Department of Chemistry Division of Biomedical Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Nikodem Tomczak
- Institute of Materials Research Engineering (A*STAR); 3 Research Link Singapore 117602
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research Engineering (A*STAR); 3 Research Link Singapore 117602
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Laboratory; Guangdong Innovative Research Team; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Materials Research Engineering (A*STAR); 3 Research Link Singapore 117602
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
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Rice DR, Plaunt AJ, Turkyilmaz S, Smith M, Wang Y, Rusckowski M, Smith BD. Evaluation of [¹¹¹In]-labeled zinc-dipicolylamine tracers for SPECT imaging of bacterial infection. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 17:204-13. [PMID: 25115869 PMCID: PMC4515950 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study prepared three structurally related zinc-dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) tracers with [(111)In] labels and conducted biodistribution and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging studies of a mouse leg infection model. PROCEDURES Two monovalent tracers, ZnDPA-[(111)In]DTPA and ZnDPA-[(111)In]DOTA, each with a single zinc-dipicolylamine targeting unit, and a divalent tracer, Bis(ZnDPA)-[(111)In]DTPA, with two zinc-dipicolylamine units were prepared. Organ biodistribution and SPECT and CT imaging studies were performed on living mice with a leg infection created by injection of clinically relevant Gram positive Streptococcus pyogenes. Fluorescent and luminescent Eu(3+)-labeled versions of these tracers were also prepared and used to measure relative affinity for the exterior membrane surface of bacterial cells and mimics of healthy mammalian cells. RESULTS All three (111)In-labeled radiotracers were prepared with a radiopurity of >90 %. The biodistribution studies showed that the two monovalent tracers were cleared from the body through the liver and kidney, with retained percentage injected dose for all organs of <8 % at 20 h and infected leg target to non-target ratio (T/NT) ratio of ≤3.0. Clearance of the divalent tracer from the bloodstream was slower and primarily through the liver, with a retained percentage injected dose for all organs <37 % at 20 h and T/NT ratio rising to 6.2 after 20 h. The SPECT/CT imaging indicated the same large difference in tracer pharmacokinetics and higher accumulation of the divalent tracer at the site of infection. CONCLUSIONS All three [(111)In]-ZnDPA tracers selectively targeted the site of a clinically relevant mouse infection model that could not be discerned by visual external inspection of the living animal. The highest target selectivity, observed with a divalent tracer equipped with two zinc-dipicolylamine targeting units, compares quite favorably with the imaging selectivities previously reported for other nuclear tracers that target bacterial cell surfaces. The tracer pharmacokinetics depended heavily on tracer molecular structure suggesting that it may be possible to rapidly fine tune the structural properties for optimized in vivo imaging performance and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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30
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Characterization of 18F-dipicolylamine (DPA) derivatives in cells infected with influenza virus. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:283-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Rice DR, White AG, Leevy WM, Smith BD. Fluorescence Imaging of Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue in Living Mice. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1979-1989. [PMID: 26015867 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01914h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a key role in energy expenditure and heat generation and is a promising target for diagnosing and treating obesity, diabetes and related metabolism disorders. While several nuclear and magnetic resonance imaging methods are established for detecting human BAT, there are no convenient protocols for high throughput imaging of BAT in small animal models. Here we disclose a simple but effective method for non-invasive optical imaging of interscapular BAT in mice using a micellar formulation of the commercially available deep-red fluorescent probe, SRFluor680. Whole-body fluorescence imaging of living mice shows extensive accumulation of the fluorescent probe in the interscapular BAT and ex vivo analysis shows 3.5-fold selectivity for interscapular BAT over interscapular WAT. Additional imaging studies indicate that SRFluor680 uptake is independent of mouse species and BAT metabolic state. The results are consistent with an unusual pharmacokinetic process that involves irreversible translocation of the lipophilic SRFluor680 from the micelle nanocarrier into the adipocytes within the BAT. Multimodal PET/CT and planar fluorescence/X-ray imaging of the same living animal shows co-localization of BAT mass signal reported by the fluorescent probe and BAT metabolism signal reported by the PET agent, 18F-FDG. The results indicate a path towards a new, dual probe molecular imaging paradigm that allows separate and independent non-invasive visualization of BAT mass and BAT metabolism in a living subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA
| | - Alexander G White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA
| | - W Matthew Leevy
- Department of Biological Science, Galvin Life Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA
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Wang H, Tang G, Hu K, Huang T, Liang X, Li S, Wu Z. PET imaging of sterile inflammation with a 18F-labeled bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) complex. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hu X, Wang Q, Liu Y, Liu H, Qin C, Cheng K, Robinson W, Gray BD, Pak KY, Yu A, Cheng Z. Optical imaging of articular cartilage degeneration using near-infrared dipicolylamine probes. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7511-21. [PMID: 24912814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is the hydrated tissue that lines the ends of long bones in load bearing joints and provides joints with a smooth, nearly frictionless gliding surface. However, the deterioration of articular cartilage occurs in the early stages of osteoarthritis (OA) and is clinically and radiographically silent. Here two cationic near infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dipicolylamine (DPA) probes, Cy5-DPA-Zn and Cy7-DPA-Zn, were prepared for cartilage degeneration imaging and OA early detection through binding to the anionic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The feasibility of NIRF dye labeled DPA-Zn probes for cartilage degeneration imaging was examined ex vivo and in vivo. The ex vivo studies showed that Cy5-DPA-Zn and Cy7-DPA-Zn not only showed the high uptake and electrostatic attractive binding to cartilage, but also sensitively reflected the change of GAGs contents. In vivo imaging study further indicated that Cy5-DPA-Zn demonstrated higher uptake and retention in young mice (high GAGs) than old mice (low GAGs) when administrated via local injection in mouse knee joints. More importantly, Cy5-DPA-Zn showed dramatic higher signals in sham joint (high GAGs) than OA side (low GAGs), through sensitive reflecting the change of GAGs in the surgical induced OA models. In summary, Cy5-DPA-Zn provides promising visual detection for early cartilage pathological degeneration in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Immunology & Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chunxia Qin
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kai Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William Robinson
- Department of Immunology & Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian D Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA 19380, USA
| | - Koon Y Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA 19380, USA
| | - Aixi Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Eggleston H, Panizzi P. Molecular imaging of bacterial infections in vivo: the discrimination of infection from inflammation. INFORMATICS (MDPI) 2014; 1:72-99. [PMID: 26985401 PMCID: PMC4790455 DOI: 10.3390/informatics1010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging by definition is the visualization of molecular and cellular processes within a given system. The modalities and reagents described here represent a diverse array spanning both pre-clinical and clinical applications. Innovations in probe design and technologies would greatly benefit therapeutic outcomes by enhancing diagnostic accuracy and assessment of acute therapy. Opportunistic pathogens continue to pose a worldwide threat, despite advancements in treatment strategies, which highlights the continued need for improved diagnostics. In this review, we present a summary of the current clinical protocol for the imaging of a suspected infection, methods currently in development to optimize this imaging process, and finally, insight into endocarditis as a model of infectious disease in immediate need of improved diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Eggleston
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Peter Panizzi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
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Noninvasive imaging of Staphylococcus aureus infections with a nuclease-activated probe. Nat Med 2014; 20:301-6. [PMID: 24487433 PMCID: PMC3949172 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Technologies that enable the rapid detection and localization of bacterial infections in living animals could address an unmet need for infectious disease diagnostics. We describe a molecular imaging approach for the specific, non-invasive detection of S. aureus based on the activity of its secreted nuclease, micrococcal nuclease (MN). Several short, synthetic oligonucleotides, rendered resistant to mammalian serum nucleases by various chemical modifications, flanked with a fluorophore and quencher, were activated upon degradation by recombinant MN and in S. aureus culture supernatants. A probe consisting of a pair of deoxythymidines flanked by several 2′-O-methyl-modified nucleotides was activated in culture supernatants of S. aureus but not in culture supernatants of several other pathogenic bacteria. Systemic administration of this probe to mice bearing bioluminescent S. aureus muscle infections resulted in probe activation at the infection sites in an MN-dependent manner. This novel bacterial imaging approach has potential clinical applicability for S. aureus and several other medically significant pathogens.
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36
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Ong LC, Ang LY, Alonso S, Zhang Y. Bacterial imaging with photostable upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2014; 35:2987-98. [PMID: 24412082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Autofluorescence, photodamage and photobleaching are often encountered when using downconverting fluorophores and fluorescent proteins for bacteria labeling. These caveats represent a serious limitation when trying to map bacteria dissemination for prolonged periods. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNs), which are able to convert low energy near-infrared (NIR) excitation light into higher energy visible or NIR light, can address these limitations. These particles' unique optical properties translate into attractive advantages of minimal autofluorescence, reduced photodamage, deeper tissue penetration and prolonged photostability. Here, we report a UCN-based bacteria labeling strategy using Escherichia coli as prototypic bacteria. A comparative analysis highlighted the superior photostability of UCN-labeled bacteria over green fluorescent protein-expressing bacteria. Infection study of UCN-labeled bacteria in dendritic cells indicated co-localization of the UCN signal with bacterial position for up to 6 h post-infection. Furthermore, long-term monitoring of the same infected cells demonstrated the potential to utilize photostable UCN-based imaging for bacterial trafficking purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ching Ong
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Lei Yin Ang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology Program, National University of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), #03-05, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Department of Microbiology, Immunology Program, National University of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), #03-05, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA #03-12, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore.
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37
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Wang H, Tang X, Tang G, Huang T, Liang X, Hu K, Deng H, Yi C, Shi X, Wu K. Noninvasive positron emission tomography imaging of cell death using a novel small-molecule probe, (18)F labeled bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) complex. Apoptosis 2014; 18:1017-27. [PMID: 23613106 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) (DPAZn2) coordination complexes are known to have a high specific and selective affinity to target the exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface of dead and dying cells. An (18)F-labeled DPAZn2 complex (4-(18)F-Fluoro-benzoyl-bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine), (18)F-FB-DPAZn2) as positron emission tomography (PET) tracer was developed and evaluated for in vivo imaging of tumor treated with a chemical agent. The in vitro cell stain studies revealed that fluorescent DPAZn2 complexes (Dansyl-DPAZn2) stained the same cells (apoptotic and necrotic cells) as fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled Annexin V (FITC-Annexin V). The radiosynthesis of (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 was achieved through the amidation the precursor bis(2,2'-dipicolylamine) derivative (DPA2) with the prosthetic group N-succinimidyl-4-[(18)F]-fluorobenzoate ((18)F-SFB) and chelation with zinc nitrate. In the biodistribution study, the fast clearance of (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 from blood and kidney was observed and high uptake in liver and intestine within 90 min postinjection was also found. For the PET imaging, significantly higher tumor uptake of (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 was observed in the adriamycin (ADM)-treated Hepa1-6 hepatocellular carcinoma-bearing mice than that in the untreated tumor-model mice, while a slightly decreased tumor uptake of (18)F-FDG was found in the ADM-treated tumor-bearing mice. The results indicate that (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 has the similar capability of apoptosis detection as FITC-Annexin V and seems to be a potential PET tracer for noninvasive evaluation and monitoring of anti-tumor chemotherapy. The high uptake of (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 in the abdomen needs to optimize the structure for improving its pharmacokinetics characteristics in the future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Ptaszek M. Rational design of fluorophores for in vivo applications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 113:59-108. [PMID: 23244789 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386932-6.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several classes of small organic molecules exhibit properties that make them suitable for fluorescence in vivo imaging. The most promising candidates are cyanines, squaraines, boron dipyrromethenes, porphyrin derivatives, hydroporphyrins, and phthalocyanines. The recent designing and synthetic efforts have been dedicated to improving their optical properties (shift the absorption and emission maxima toward longer wavelengths and increase the brightness) as well as increasing their stability and water solubility. The most notable advances include development of encapsulated cyanine dyes with increased stability and water solubility, squaraine rotaxanes with increased stability, long-wavelength-absorbing boron dipyrromethenes, long-wavelength-absorbing porphyrin and hydroporphyrin derivatives, and water-soluble phthalocyanines. Recent advances in luminescence and bioluminescence have made self-illuminating fluorophores available for in vivo applications. Development of new types of hydroporphyrin energy-transfer dyads gives the promise for further advances in in vivo multicolor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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39
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Collins CG, Johnson AT, Connell RD, Nelson RA, Murgu I, Oliver AG, Smith BD. Effect of 1,3-adamantane bridging units within the surrounding macrocycle of squaraine rotaxanes. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00726c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Squaraine rotaxanes with macrocycles containing 1,3-adamantanedicarboxamide bridging units have altered chemical and luminescent properties due to a more loosely held rotaxane co-conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carleton G. Collins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame, USA
| | - Andrew T. Johnson
- Math and Science Department
- Concordia University – Portland
- Portland, USA
| | - Richard D. Connell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame, USA
| | - Ruth A. Nelson
- Math and Science Department
- Concordia University – Portland
- Portland, USA
| | - Ivan Murgu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame, USA
| | - Allen G. Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame, USA
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame, USA
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40
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Bunschoten A, Welling MM, Termaat MF, Sathekge M, van Leeuwen FWB. Development and Prospects of Dedicated Tracers for the Molecular Imaging of Bacterial Infections. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1971-89. [DOI: 10.1021/bc4003037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Bunschoten
- Department
of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. M. Welling
- Department
of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. F. Termaat
- Department
of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - F. W. B. van Leeuwen
- Department
of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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41
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Harmatys KM, Cole EL, Smith BD. In vivo imaging of bone using a deep-red fluorescent molecular probe bearing multiple iminodiacetate groups. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4263-71. [PMID: 24099089 DOI: 10.1021/mp400357v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Deep-red fluorescent molecular probes are described that have a dendritic molecular architecture with a squaraine rotaxane core scaffold and multiple peripheral iminodiacetate groups as the bone targeting units. Iminodiacetates have an inherently lower bone affinity than bisphosphonates, and a major goal of the study was to determine how many appended iminodiacetate groups are required for effective deep-red fluorescence imaging of bone in living rodents. A series of in vitro and in vivo imaging studies showed that a tetra(iminodiacetate) probe stains bones much more strongly than an analogous bis(iminodiacetate) probe. In addition, a control tetra(iminodipropionate) probe exhibited no bone targeting ability. The tetra(iminodiacetate) probe targeted the same regions of high bone turnover as the near-infrared bisphosphonate probe OsteoSense750. Longitudinal studies showed that the fluorescence image signal from living mice treated with the tetra(iminodiacetate) probe was much more stable over 19 days than the signal from OsteoSense750. The narrow emission band of the tetra(iminodiacetate) probe makes it very attractive for inclusion in multiplex imaging protocols that employ a mixture of multiple fluorescent probes in preclinical studies of bone growth or in fluorescence guided surgery. The results also suggest that molecules or nanoparticles bearing multivalent iminodiacetate groups have promise as bone targeting agents with tunable properties for various pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M Harmatys
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, 46556 Indiana, United States
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42
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Xiao S, Abu-Esba L, Turkyilmaz S, White AG, Smith BD. Multivalent dendritic molecules as broad spectrum bacteria agglutination agents. Theranostics 2013; 3:658-66. [PMID: 24052806 PMCID: PMC3776217 DOI: 10.7150/thno.6811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the first set of synthetic molecules that act as broad spectrum agglutination agents and thus are complementary to the specific targeting of antibodies. The molecules have dendritic architecture and contain multiple copies of zinc(II)-dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) units that have selective affinity for the bacterial cell envelope. A series of molecular structures were evaluated, with the number of appended ZnDPA units ranging from four to thirty-two. Agglutination assays showed that the multivalent probes rapidly cross-linked ten different strains of bacteria, regardless of Gram-type and cell morphology. Fluorescence microscopy studies using probes with four ZnDPA units indicated a high selectivity for bacteria agglutination in the presence of mammalian cells and no measurable effect on the health of the cells. The high bacterial selectivity was confirmed by conducting in vivo optical imaging studies of a mouse leg infection model. The results suggest that multivalent ZnDPA molecular probes with dendritic structures have great promise as selective, broad spectrum bacterial agglutination agents for infection imaging and theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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43
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Smith BA, Harmatys KM, Xiao S, Cole EL, Plaunt AJ, Wolter W, Suckow MA, Smith BD. Enhanced cell death imaging using multivalent zinc(II)-bis(dipicolylamine) fluorescent probes. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3296-303. [PMID: 23915311 DOI: 10.1021/mp300720k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a clinical need for imaging technologies that can accurately detect cell death in a multitude of pathological conditions. Zinc(II)-bis(dipicolylamine) (Zn2BDPA) coordination complexes are known to associate with the anionic phosphatidylserine that is exposed on the surface of dead and dying cells, and fluorescent monovalent Zn2BDPA probes are successful cell death imaging agents. This present study compared the membrane targeting ability of two structurally related deep-red fluorescent probes, bis-Zn2BDPA-SR and tetra-Zn2BDPA-SR, with two and four appended Zn2BDPA units, respectively. Vesicle and cell microscopy studies indicated that a higher number of Zn2BDPA targeting units improved probe selectivity for phosphatidylserine-rich vesicles, and increased probe localization at the plasma membrane of dead and dying cells. The fluorescent probes were also tested in three separate animal models, (1) necrotic prostate tumor rat model, (2) thymus atrophy mouse model, and (3) traumatic brain injury mouse model. In each case, there was more tetra-Zn2BDPA-SR accumulation at the site of cell death than bis-Zn2BDPA-SR. The results indicate that multivalent Zn2BDPA probes are promising molecules for effective imaging of cell death processes in cell culture and in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Abstract
The potential value of multiplexed positron emission tomography (PET) tracers in mice with turpentine-induced inflammation was evaluated and compared with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) for glucose metabolism imaging. These PET tracers included [18F]fluoromethylcholine ([18F]FCH) for choline metabolism imaging, (S-[11C]methyl)-D-cysteine ([11C]DMCYS) for amino acid metabolism imaging, [11C]bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) ([11C]DPA-Zn2+) for apoptosis imaging, 2-(4-N-[11C]-methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole ([11C]PIB) for β amyloid binding imaging, and [18F]fluoride (18F−) for bone metabolism imaging. In mice with turpentine-induced inflammation mice, the biodistribution of all the tracers mentioned above at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min postinjection was determined. Also, the time-course curves of the tracer uptake ratios for inflammatory thigh muscle (IM) to normal uninflammatory thigh muscle (NM), IM to blood (BL), IM to brain (BR), and IM to liver (LI) were acquired, respectively. Moreover, PET imaging with the tracers within 60 min postinjection on a clinical PET/CT scanner was also conducted. [18F]FDG and 18F− showed relatively higher uptake ratios for IM to NM, IM to BL, IM to BR, and IM to LI than [18F]FCH, [11C]DPA-Zn2+, [11C]DMCYS and [11C]PIB, which were highly consistent with the results delineated in PET images. The results demonstrate that 18F− seems to be a potential PET tracer for inflammation imaging. [18F]FCH and [11C]DMCYS, with lower accumulation in inflammatory tissue than [18F]FDG, are not good PET tracers for inflammation imaging. As a promising inflammatory tracer, the chemical structure of [11C]DPA-Zn2+ needs to be further optimized.
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45
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Cronin M, Stanton RM, Francis KP, Tangney M. Bacterial vectors for imaging and cancer gene therapy: a review. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:731-40. [PMID: 22996740 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The significant burden of resistance to conventional anticancer treatments in patients with advanced disease has prompted the need to explore alternative therapeutic strategies. The challenge for oncology researchers is to identify a therapy which is selective for tumors with limited toxicity to normal tissue. Engineered bacteria have the unique potential to overcome traditional therapies' limitations by specifically targeting tumors. It has been shown that bacteria are naturally capable of homing to tumors when systemically administered resulting in high levels of replication locally, either external to (non-invasive species) or within tumor cells (pathogens). Pre-clinical and clinical investigations involving bacterial vectors require relevant means of monitoring vector trafficking and levels over time, and development of bacterial-specific real-time imaging modalities are key for successful development of clinical bacterial gene delivery. This review discusses the currently available imaging technologies and the progress to date exploiting these for monitoring of bacterial gene delivery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cronin
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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46
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Plaunt AJ, Courbanou MB, Cuison KD, Harmatys KM, Smith BD. Selective non-covalent triggered release from liposomes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8123-5. [PMID: 22772732 PMCID: PMC3417318 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32962j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A zinc(II)-dipicolylamine coordination complex selectively associates with anionic liposomes, including sterically protected PEGylated liposomes, and causes rapid leakage of encapsulated contents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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47
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Dorward DA, Lucas CD, Rossi AG, Haslett C, Dhaliwal K. Imaging inflammation: molecular strategies to visualize key components of the inflammatory cascade, from initiation to resolution. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 135:182-99. [PMID: 22627270 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of innumerable human diseases. Understanding and tracking the critical events in inflammation are crucial for disease monitoring and pharmacological drug discovery and development. Recent progress in molecular imaging has provided novel insights into spatial associations, molecular events and temporal sequelae in the inflammatory process. While remaining a burgeoning field in pre-clinical research, increasing application in man affords researchers the opportunity to study disease pathogenesis in humans in situ thereby revolutionizing conventional understanding of pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets. This review provides a description of commonly used molecular imaging modalities, including optical, radionuclide and magnetic resonance imaging, and details key advances and translational opportunities in imaging inflammation from initiation to resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Dorward
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Anna Sargsyan
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Joshua M. Thurman
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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49
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White AG, Gray BD, Pak KY, Smith BD. Deep-red fluorescent imaging probe for bacteria. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2833-6. [PMID: 22424976 PMCID: PMC3321076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A versatile deep-red fluorescent imaging probe is described that is comprised of a bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) targeting unit covalently attached to a pentamethine carbocyanine fluorophore with Cy5-like spectroscopic properties. A titration assay based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer is used to prove that the probe selectively associates with anionic vesicle membranes whose composition mimics bacterial cell membranes. Whole-body optical imaging experiments show that the probe associates with the surfaces of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria cells, and it can target the site of bacterial infection in a living mouse. In vivo accumulation at the infection site and subsequent clearance occurs more quickly than a structurally related near-infrared bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) probe. The fact that the same deep-red probe molecule can be used for spectroscopic assays, cell microscopy, and in vivo imaging studies, is an important and attractive technical feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Brian D. Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies Incorporated, 833 Lincoln Ave., Unit 9, West Chester, PA 19380, USA
| | - Koon Yan Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies Incorporated, 833 Lincoln Ave., Unit 9, West Chester, PA 19380, USA
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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50
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Li J, Gray BD, Pak KY, Ng CK. Optimization of labeling dipicolylamine derivative, N,N'-(5-(4-aminobutoxy)-1,3-phenylene)bis(methylene)bis(1-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)methanamine), with three 18F-prosthetic groups as potential imaging agents for metastatic infectious disease. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junling Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; University of Louisville; Louisville; KY; USA
| | - Brian D. Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc.; West Chester; PA; USA
| | - Koon Y Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc.; West Chester; PA; USA
| | - Chin K. Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; University of Louisville; Louisville; KY; USA
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