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Shagholani H, Ghoreishi SM, Sharifi SH. Conversion of amine groups on chitosan-coated SPIONs into carbocyclic acid and investigation of its interaction with BSA in drug delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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2
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Arriortua OK, Insausti M, Lezama L, Gil de Muro I, Garaio E, de la Fuente JM, Fratila RM, Morales MP, Costa R, Eceiza M, Sagartzazu-Aizpurua M, Aizpurua JM. RGD-Functionalized Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 165:315-324. [PMID: 29501962 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To improve the selectivity of magnetic nanoparticles for tumor treatment by hyperthermia, Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been functionalized with a peptide of the type arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) following a "click" chemistry approach. The RGD peptide was linked onto the previously coated nanoparticles in order to target αvβ3 integrin receptors over-expressed in angiogenic cancer cells. Different coatings have been analyzed to enhance the biocompatibility of magnetic nanoparticles. Monodispersed and homogeneous magnetite nanoparticles have been synthesized by the seed growth method and have been characterized using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. The magnetic hyperthermia efficiency of the nanoparticles has also been investigated and cytotoxicity assays have been perfomed for functionalized nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane K Arriortua
- BC Materials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications & Nanostructures, Spain
| | - Maite Insausti
- BC Materials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications & Nanostructures, Spain; Inorganic Chemistry, Department University of Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Luis Lezama
- BC Materials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications & Nanostructures, Spain; Inorganic Chemistry, Department University of Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Izaskun Gil de Muro
- BC Materials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications & Nanostructures, Spain; Inorganic Chemistry, Department University of Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Eneko Garaio
- Electricity and Electronic Department, University of Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jesus Martínez de la Fuente
- Group of Biofunctional Nanoparticles and Surfaces, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC/University of Zaragoza and CIBER-BBN. Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raluca M Fratila
- Group of Biofunctional Nanoparticles and Surfaces, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC/University of Zaragoza and CIBER-BBN. Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria P Morales
- Biomaterials and Bioinspired Materials Department, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Costa
- Biomaterials and Bioinspired Materials Department, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maite Eceiza
- José Mari Korta R&D Center, Basque Country University, UPV/EHU, 20018, Donostia, Spain
| | | | - Jesus M Aizpurua
- José Mari Korta R&D Center, Basque Country University, UPV/EHU, 20018, Donostia, Spain
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3
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Marhadour S, Wu H, Yang W, Marivingt-Mounir C, Bonnemain JL, Chollet JF. Vectorisation of agrochemicals via amino acid carriers: influence of the spacer arm structure on the phloem mobility of phenylpyrrole conjugates in the Ricinus system. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:1972-1982. [PMID: 28321972 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive agrochemical use poses significant threats to environmental safety and human health. Reducing pesticide use without reducing yield is necessary for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, we developed a vectorisation strategy to enhance agrochemical delivery through plant amino acid carriers. RESULTS In addition to a fenpiclonil conjugate recently described, three new amino acid conjugates were synthesised by coupling fenpiclonil to an l-α-amino acid. Phloem mobility of these conjugates, which exhibit different structures of the spacer arm introduced between fenpiclonil and the α-amino acid function, was studied using the Ricinus model. Conjugate L-14, which contains a triazole ring with the shortest amino acid chain, showed the best phloem systemicity among the four conjugates. By contrast, removing the triazole ring in the spacer arm did not improve systemicity. L-14 exhibited phloem systemicity at all reported pH values (pH values from 5.0 to 6.5) of the foliar apoplast, while acidic derivatives of fenpiclonil were translocated only at pH values near 5.0. CONCLUSION The conjugates were recognised by a pH-dependent transporter system and translocated at distance in the phloem. They exhibited a broader phloem systemicity than fenpiclonil acidic derivatives within the pH value range of the foliar apoplast. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Marhadour
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Hanxiang Wu
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Wen Yang
- Guizhou Tea Reasearch Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Cécile Marivingt-Mounir
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Louis Bonnemain
- Laboratoire Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-François Chollet
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Jaimes-Aguirre L, Morales-Avila E, Ocampo-García BE, Medina LA, López-Téllez G, Gibbens-Bandala BV, Izquierdo-Sánchez V. Biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)/poly(L-γ-glutamic acid) nanoparticles conjugated to folic acid for targeted delivery of doxorubicin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:743-751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Arriortua OK, Garaio E, Herrero de la Parte B, Insausti M, Lezama L, Plazaola F, García JA, Aizpurua JM, Sagartzazu M, Irazola M, Etxebarria N, García-Alonso I, Saiz-López A, Echevarria-Uraga JJ. Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:1532-1542. [PMID: 28144504 PMCID: PMC5238624 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work reports important advances in the study of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) related to their application in different research fields such as magnetic hyperthermia. Nanotherapy based on targeted nanoparticles could become an attractive alternative to conventional oncologic treatments as it allows a local heating in tumoral surroundings without damage to healthy tissue. RGD-peptide-conjugated MNPs have been designed to specifically target αVβ3 receptor-expressing cancer cells, being bound the RGD peptides by "click chemistry" due to its selectivity and applicability. The thermal decomposition of iron metallo-organic precursors yield homogeneous Fe3O4 nanoparticles that have been properly functionalized with RGD peptides, and the preparation of magnetic fluids has been achieved. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectroscopy and magnetic hyperthermia. The nanoparticles present superparamagnetic behavior with very high magnetization values, which yield hyperthermia values above 500 W/g for magnetic fluids. These fluids have been administrated to rats, but instead of injecting MNP fluid directly into liver tumors, intravascular administration of MNPs in animals with induced colorectal tumors has been performed. Afterwards the animals were exposed to an alternating magnetic field in order to achieve hyperthermia. The evolution of an in vivo model has been described, resulting in a significant reduction in tumor viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane K Arriortua
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Eneko Garaio
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Borja Herrero de la Parte
- Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maite Insausti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Luis Lezama
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Fernando Plazaola
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose Angel García
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús M Aizpurua
- José Mari Korta Center, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Maialen Sagartzazu
- José Mari Korta Center, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Mireia Irazola
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Alonso
- Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
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Lam T, Avti PK, Pouliot P, Tardif JC, Rhéaume É, Lesage F, Kakkar A. Surface engineering of SPIONs: role of phosphonate ligand multivalency in tailoring their efficacy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:415602. [PMID: 27608753 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/41/415602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the design of scaffolds containing mono-, bis-, and tris-phosphonate coordinating groups, and a polyethylene glycol chain, for stabilizing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), using simple and versatile chemistry. We demonstrate that the number of anchoring phosphonate sites on the ligand influence the colloidal stability, magnetic and biological properties of SPIONs, and the latter do not solely depend on attaching moieties that can enhance their aqueous dispersion. These parameters can be tailored by the number of conjugation sites on the ligand, as evidenced from dynamic light scattering at various salt concentrations, magnetic relaxivities and cell viability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lam
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Pramod K Avti
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, C.P. 6079 succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Philippe Pouliot
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, C.P. 6079 succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Éric Rhéaume
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frederic Lesage
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, C.P. 6079 succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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7
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Lam T, Avti PK, Pouliot P, Tardif JC, Rhéaume É, Lesage F, Kakkar A. Magnetic resonance imaging/fluorescence dual modality protocol using designed phosphonate ligands coupled to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3969-3981. [PMID: 32263096 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00821f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple and versatile methodology to tailor the surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), and render additional fluorescence capability to these contrast agents, is reported. The dual modality imaging protocol was developed by designing multi-functional scaffolds with a combination of orthogonal moieties for aqueous dispersion and stealth, to covalently link them to SPIONs, and carry out post-functionalization of nanoparticles. SPIONs stabilized with ligands incorporating surface-anchoring phosphonate groups, ethylene glycol backbone for aqueous dispersion, and free surface exposed OH moieties were coupled to near-infrared dye Cy5.5A. Our results demonstrate that design of multi-tasking ligands with desired combination and spatial distribution of functions provides an ideal platform to construct highly efficient dual imaging probes with balanced magnetic, optical and cell viability properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lam
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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8
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Cellular Uptake and Photo-Cytotoxicity of a Gadolinium(III)-DOTA-Naphthalimide Complex "Clicked" to a Lipidated Tat Peptide. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21020194. [PMID: 26861271 PMCID: PMC6273236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new bifunctional macrocyclic chelator featuring a conjugatable alkynyl-naphthalimide fluorophore pendant group has been prepared and its Gd(III) complex coupled to a cell-penetrating lipidated azido-Tat peptide derivative using Cu(I)-catalysed “click” chemistry. The resulting fluorescent conjugate is able to enter CAL-33 tongue squamous carcinoma cells, as revealed by confocal microscopy, producing a very modest anti-proliferative effect (IC50 = 93 µM). Due to the photo-reactivity of the naphthalimide moiety, however, the conjugate’s cytotoxicity is significantly enhanced (IC50 = 16 µM) upon brief low-power UV-A irradiation.
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9
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Highly stable multi-anchored magnetic nanoparticles for optical imaging within biofilms. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 459:175-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Puvvada N, Rajput S, Kumar BNP, Sarkar S, Konar S, Brunt KR, Rao RR, Mazumdar A, Das SK, Basu R, Fisher PB, Mandal M, Pathak A. Novel ZnO hollow-nanocarriers containing paclitaxel targeting folate-receptors in a malignant pH-microenvironment for effective monitoring and promoting breast tumor regression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11760. [PMID: 26145450 PMCID: PMC4491843 DOI: 10.1038/srep11760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low pH in the tumor micromilieu is a recognized pathological feature of cancer. This attribute of cancerous cells has been targeted herein for the controlled release of chemotherapeutics at the tumour site, while sparing healthy tissues. To this end, pH-sensitive, hollow ZnO-nanocarriers loaded with paclitaxel were synthesized and their efficacy studied in breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. The nanocarriers were surface functionalized with folate using click-chemistry to improve targeted uptake by the malignant cells that over-express folate-receptors. The nanocarriers released ~75% of the paclitaxel payload within six hours in acidic pH, which was accompanied by switching of fluorescence from blue to green and a 10-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity. The fluorescence-switching phenomenon is due to structural collapse of the nanocarriers in the endolysosome. Energy dispersion X-ray mapping and whole animal fluorescent imaging studies were carried out to show that combined pH and folate-receptor targeting reduces off-target accumulation of the nanocarriers. Further, a dual cell-specific and pH-sensitive nanocarrier greatly improved the efficacy of paclitaxel to regress subcutaneous tumors in vivo. These nanocarriers could improve chemotherapy tolerance and increase anti-tumor efficacy, while also providing a novel diagnostic read-out through fluorescent switching that is proportional to drug release in malignant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaprasad Puvvada
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Shashi Rajput
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - B N Prashanth Kumar
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Siddik Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine; Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Suraj Konar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Raj R Rao
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23238, USA
| | - Abhijit Mazumdar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention and Systems Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine; Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23238, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23238, USA
| | - Ranadhir Basu
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine; Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23238, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23238, USA
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Amita Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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Khanal M, Turcheniuk V, Barras A, Rosay E, Bande O, Siriwardena A, Zaitsev V, Pan GH, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Toward multifunctional "clickable" diamond nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3926-33. [PMID: 25781327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are among the most promising new carbon based materials for biomedical applications, and the simultaneous integration of various functions onto NDs is an urgent necessity. A multifunctional nanodiamond based formulation is proposed here. Our strategy relies on orthogonal surface modification using different dopamine anchors. NDs simultaneously functionalized with triethylene glycol (EG) and azide (-N3) functions were fabricated through a stoichiometrically controlled integration of the dopamine ligands onto the surface of hydroxylated NDs. The presence of EG functionalities rendered NDs soluble in water and biological media, while the -N3 group allowed postsynthetic modification of the NDs using "click" chemistry. As a proof of principle, alkynyl terminated di(amido amine) ligands were linked to these ND particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manakamana Khanal
- †Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR-CNRS 8520, Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Volodymyr Turcheniuk
- †Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR-CNRS 8520, Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- ‡Taras Shevchenko University, 60 Vladimirskaya str., Kiev, Ukraine
- §Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A) (FRE 3517-CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Alexandre Barras
- †Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR-CNRS 8520, Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Elodie Rosay
- §Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A) (FRE 3517-CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Omprakash Bande
- §Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A) (FRE 3517-CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Aloysius Siriwardena
- §Laboratoire de Glycochimie des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A) (FRE 3517-CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Vladimir Zaitsev
- ‡Taras Shevchenko University, 60 Vladimirskaya str., Kiev, Ukraine
- ∥Chemistry Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marques de Sao Vicente, 225-Gavea, Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Guo-Hui Pan
- ⊥State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Dong Nanhu Road, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- †Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR-CNRS 8520, Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- †Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR-CNRS 8520, Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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13
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Wortmann L, Ilyas S, Niznansky D, Valldor M, Arroub K, Berger N, Rahme K, Holmes J, Mathur S. Bioconjugated iron oxide nanocubes: synthesis, functionalization, and vectorization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:16631-16642. [PMID: 25184762 DOI: 10.1021/am503068r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A facile bottom-up approach for the synthesis of inorganic/organic bioconjugated nanoprobes based on iron oxide nanocubes as the core with a nanometric silica shell is demonstrated. Surface coating and functionalization protocols developed in this work offered good control over the shell thickness (8-40 nm) and enabled biovectorization of SiO2@Fe3O4 core-shell structures by covalent attachment of folic acid (FA) as a targeting unit for cellular uptake. The successful immobilization of folic acid was investigated both quantitatively (TGA, EA, XPS) and qualitatively (AT-IR, UV-vis, ζ-potential). Additionally, the magnetic behavior of the nanocomposites was monitored after each functionalization step. Cell viability studies confirmed low cytotoxicity of FA@SiO2@Fe3O4 conjugates, which makes them promising nanoprobes for targeted internalization by cells and their imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wortmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne , Greinstrasse 6, Cologne 50939, Germany
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14
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One-pot synthesis of amphiphilic nanogels from vinylated SPIONs/HEMA/PEG via a combination of click chemistry and surfactant-free emulsion photopolymerization: Unveiling of the protein-nanoparticle interactions. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Abstract
Molecular imaging non-invasively visualizes and characterizes the biologic functions and mechanisms in living organisms at a molecular level. In recent years, advances in imaging instruments, imaging probes, assay methods, and quantification techniques have enabled more refined and reliable images for more accurate diagnoses. Multimodal imaging combines two or more imaging modalities into one system to produce details in clinical diagnostic imaging that are more precise than conventional imaging. Multimodal imaging offers complementary advantages: high spatial resolution, soft tissue contrast, and biological information on the molecular level with high sensitivity. However, combining all modalities into a single imaging probe involves problems yet to be solved due to the requirement of high dose contrast agents for a component of imaging modality with low sensitivity. The introduction of targeting moieties into the probes enhances the specific binding of targeted multimodal imaging modalities and selective accumulation of the imaging agents at a disease site to provide more accurate diagnoses. An extensive list of prior reports on the targeted multimodal imaging probes categorized by each modality is presented and discussed. In addition to accurate diagnosis, targeted multimodal imaging agents carrying therapeutic medications make it possible to visualize the theranostic effect and the progress of disease. This will facilitate the development of an imaging-guided therapy, which will widen the application of the targeted multimodal imaging field to experiments in vivo.
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16
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Mrówczyński R, Magerusan L, Turcu R, Liebscher J. Diazo transfer at polydopamine – a new way to functionalization. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00670d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Trindade AF, Frade RFM, Maçôas EMS, Graça C, Rodrigues CAB, Martinho JMG, Afonso CAM. "Click and go": simple and fast folic acid conjugation. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3181-90. [PMID: 24723199 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00150h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Folic acid targeting by functionalization of the terminal γ-carboxylic acid is one of the most important strategies to selectively deliver chemotherapeutics and dyes to cancer cells which overexpress folate receptors. However, conjugation of folic acid is limited by its unique solubility and by selectivity issues imposing the need for expensive preparative reverse-phase chromatographic purification to isolate γ-folate conjugates. Herein is provided a novel synthetic tool for the synthesis of new folic acid conjugates with excellent γ-purity based on strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloadditions with a γ-folate-cyclooctyne conjugate 3. To demonstrate the potential of this methodology several new folate conjugates were synthesized with high γ-purity and without using any type of chromatographic purification by reacting conjugate 3 with several fluorescent probes, polymers and siliceous materials bearing azide. In addition, the cycloaddition reaction between conjugate 3 and an azido-derived fluorescent dye was successfully performed in cellular media leading to an increase of fluorescence in the cells which overexpress folate receptors (NCI-H460).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre F Trindade
- CQFM, Centro de Química-Física Molecular, IN-Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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18
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Das S, Mitra S, Khurana SMP, Debnath N. Nanomaterials for biomedical applications. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2013.869510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Stone RC, Qi B, Trebatoski D, Jetti R, Bandera YP, Foulger SH, Mefford OT. A versatile stable platform for multifunctional applications: synthesis of a nitroDOPA–PEO–alkyne scaffold for iron oxide nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:4789-4793. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00198b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple but powerful design of contemporary magnetic nanoparticle composites for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Stone
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies
- Clemson University
- Anderson, USA
| | - B. Qi
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies
- Clemson University
- Anderson, USA
| | - D. Trebatoski
- Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison, USA
| | - R. Jetti
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies
- Clemson University
- Anderson, USA
| | - Y. P. Bandera
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies
- Clemson University
- Anderson, USA
| | - S. H. Foulger
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies
- Clemson University
- Anderson, USA
| | - O. T. Mefford
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies
- Clemson University
- Anderson, USA
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20
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Turcheniuk K, Tarasevych AV, Kukhar VP, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Recent advances in surface chemistry strategies for the fabrication of functional iron oxide based magnetic nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:10729-52. [PMID: 24091568 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04131j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of superparamagnetic nanostructures, especially iron-oxide based nanoparticles (IONPs), with appropriate surface functional groups has been intensively researched for many high-technological applications, including high density data storage, biosensing and biomedicine. In medicine, IONPs are nowadays widely used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in hyperthermia therapy, but are also exploited for drug and gene delivery, detoxification of biological fluids or immunoassays, as they are relatively non-toxic. The use of magnetic particles in vivo requires IONPs to have high magnetization values, diameters below 100 nm with overall narrow size distribution and long time stability in biological fluids. Due to the high surface energies of IONPs agglomeration over time is often encountered. It is thus of prime importance to modify their surface to prevent aggregation and to limit non-specific adsorption of biomolecules onto their surface. Such chemical modifications result in IONPs being well-dispersed and biocompatible, and allow for targeted delivery and specific interactions. The chemical nature of IONPs thus determines not only the overall size of the colloid, but also plays a significant role for in vivo and in vitro applications. This review discusses the different concepts currently used for the surface functionalization and coating of iron oxide nanoparticles. The diverse strategies for the covalent linking of drugs, proteins, enzymes, antibodies, and nucleotides will be discussed and the chemically relevant steps will be explained in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostiantyn Turcheniuk
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (IRI, USR 3078 CNRS), Université Lille 1, Parc de la Haute Borne, 50 Avenue de Halley, BP 70478, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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21
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Development of multifunctional folate-poly(ethylene glycol)-chitosan-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Macromol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-014-2008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Lai CH, Chang TC, Chuang YJ, Tzou DL, Lin CC. Stepwise orthogonal click chemistry toward fabrication of paclitaxel/galactose functionalized fluorescent nanoparticles for HepG2 cell targeting and delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1698-709. [PMID: 23987828 DOI: 10.1021/bc400219t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we used stepwise orthogonal click chemistry (SOCC) involving strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) and microwave-assisted Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) to assemble an anticancer drug (paclitaxel, PTX) and a targeting ligand (trivalent galactoside, TGal) on a fluorescent silicon oxide nanoparticle (NP) by using dialkyne linker 8 as a bridge. The fluorescent NH2@Cy3SiO2NP was fabricated using a competition method to incorporate Cy3 without loss of the original surface amine density on the NPs. The concept of SOCC was first investigated in a solution-phase model study that showed quantitative reaction yield. In the fabrication of TGal-PTX@Cy3SiO2NP, the expensive compound azido-functionalized PTX 12 used in SPAAC can be easily recovered due to the absence of other reagents in the reaction mixture. High loading of the sugar ligand on the NP surface serves a targeting function and also overcomes the low water solubility of PTX. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and cytotoxicity assay showed that TGal-PTX@Cy3SiO2NP was taken up by HepG2 cells and was affected by the microtubule skeleton in these cells and inhibited the proliferation of these cells in a dose-dependent manner. The presence of a fluorescent probe, a targeting ligand, and an anticancer drug on the multifunctional TGal-PTX@Cy3SiO2NP allows for real-time imaging, specific cancer-cell targeting, and the cell-killing effect which is better than free PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian-Hui Lai
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University , 101 Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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23
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Basuki JS, Duong HTT, Macmillan A, Whan R, Boyer C, Davis TP. Polymer-Grafted, Nonfouling, Magnetic Nanoparticles Designed to Selectively Store and Release Molecules via Ionic Interactions. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401171d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas P. Davis
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville,
VIC 3052, Australia
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24
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Das M, Datir SR, Singh RP, Jain S. Augmented anticancer activity of a targeted, intracellularly activatable, theranostic nanomedicine based on fluorescent and radiolabeled, methotrexate-folic Acid-multiwalled carbon nanotube conjugate. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2543-57. [PMID: 23683251 DOI: 10.1021/mp300701e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel, intravenously injectable, theranostic prodrug based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) concomitantly decorated with a fluorochrome (Alexa-fluor, AF488/647), radionucleide (Technitium-99m), tumor-targeting module (folic acid, FA), and anticancer agent (methotrexate, MTX). Specifically, MTX was conjugated to MWCNTs via a serum-stable yet intracellularly hydrolyzable ester linkage to ensure minimum drug loss in circulation. Cell uptake studies corroborated the selective internalization of AF-FA-MTX-MWCNTs (1) by folate receptor (FR) positive human lung (A549) and breast (MCF 7) cancer cells through FR mediated endocytosis. Lysosomal trafficking of 1 enabled the conjugate to exert higher anticancer activity as compared to its nontargeted counterpart that was mainly restricted to cytoplasm. Tumor-specific accumulation of 1 in Ehlrich Ascites Tumor (EAT) xenografted mice was almost 19 and 8.6 times higher than free MTX and FA-deprived MWCNTs. Subsequently, the conjugate 1 was shown to arrest tumor growth more effectively in chemically breast tumor induced rats, when compared to either free MTX or nontargeted controls. Interestingly, the anticancer activities of the ester-linked CNT-MTX conjugates (including the one deprived of FA) were significantly higher than their amide-linked counterpart, suggesting that cleavability of linkers between drug and multifunctional nanotubes critically influence their therapeutic performance. The results were also supported by in silico docking and ligand similarity analysis. Toxicity studies in mice confirmed that all CNT-MTX conjugates were devoid of any perceivable hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Overall, the delivery property of MWCNTs, high tumor binding avidity of FA, optical detectability of AF fluorochromes, and radio-traceability of (99m)Tc could be successfully integrated and partitioned on a single CNT-platform to augment the therapeutic efficacy of MTX against FR overexpressing cancer cells while allowing a real-time monitoring of treatment response through multimodal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasmita Das
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Sector 67, SAS Nagar (Mohali) Punjab, India 160062
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25
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Mazur M, Barras A, Kuncser V, Galatanu A, Zaitzev V, Turcheniuk KV, Woisel P, Lyskawa J, Laure W, Siriwardena A, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles with versatile surface functions based on dopamine anchors. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:2692-702. [PMID: 23420060 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr33506b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles (MF-MPs) is one of the most active research areas in advanced materials as their multifunctional surfaces allow conjugation of biological and chemical molecules, thus making it possible to achieve target-specific diagnostic in parallel to therapeutics. We report here a simple strategy to integrate in a one-step reaction several reactive sites onto the particles. The preparation of MF-MPs is based on their simultaneous modification with differently functionalized dopamine derivatives using simple solution chemistry. The formed MF-MPs show comparable magnetic properties to those of naked nanoparticles with almost unaltered particle size of around 25 nm. The different termini, amine, azide and maleimide functions, enable further functionalization of MF-MPs by the grafting-on approach. Michael addition, Cu(i) catalyzed « click » chemistry and amidation reactions are performed on the MF-MPs integrating subsequently 6-(ferrocenyl)-hexanethiol, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and mannose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Mazur
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (IRI, USR 3078 CNRS), Université Lille 1, Parc de Haute Borne, 50 Avenue de Halley, BP 70478, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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26
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Das M, Singh RP, Datir SR, Jain S. Surface Chemistry Dependent “Switch” Regulates the Trafficking and Therapeutic Performance of Drug-Loaded Carbon Nanotubes. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:626-39. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300598z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manasmita Das
- Centre for Pharmaceutical
Nanotechnology, Department
of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar
(Mohali), Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Raman Preet Singh
- Centre for Pharmaceutical
Nanotechnology, Department
of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar
(Mohali), Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Satyajit R. Datir
- Centre for Pharmaceutical
Nanotechnology, Department
of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar
(Mohali), Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical
Nanotechnology, Department
of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar
(Mohali), Punjab, 160062, India
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27
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Sapsford KE, Algar WR, Berti L, Gemmill KB, Casey BJ, Oh E, Stewart MH, Medintz IL. Functionalizing nanoparticles with biological molecules: developing chemistries that facilitate nanotechnology. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1904-2074. [PMID: 23432378 DOI: 10.1021/cr300143v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 824] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Sapsford
- Division of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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28
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Sahoo B, Devi KSP, Sahu SK, Nayak S, Maiti TK, Dhara D, Pramanik P. Facile preparation of multifunctional hollow silica nanoparticles and their cancer specific targeting effect. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:647-657. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm00007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Singh RP, Das M, Thakare V, Jain S. Functionalization density dependent toxicity of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes in a murine macrophage cell line. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2127-37. [PMID: 22994501 DOI: 10.1021/tx300228d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of functionalization density on the toxicity and cellular uptake of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) in vitro. The toxicity of f-MWCNTs at varying degrees of carboxylation was assessed in a murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line, a model for liver Kupffer cells. In vitro cytotoxicity of oxidized MWCNTs was directly proportional to their functionalization density. The increased cytotoxicity was associated with a concurrent increase in the number of apoptotic cells and production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). In contrast, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was the highest in the case of pristine MWCNTs and decreased with increased functionalization density. Quantitative cellular uptake studies indicated that endogenous ROS production was independent of the concentration of CNTs internalized by a specific cell population and was directly proportional to their surface hydrophobicity. Mechanistic studies suggested that cellular uptake of CNTs was critically charge-dependent and mediated through scavenger receptors, albeit the involvement of nonscavenger receptor mechanisms at low CNT concentrations and their saturation at the experimental concentration cannot be ruled out. A mathematical model was established to correlate between the cellular uptake of CNTs with their length and zeta potential. In an attempt to correlate the results of in vitro toxicity experiments with those of the in vivo toxicity in the mouse model, we found that the toxicity trends in vitro and in vivo are rather opposing. The apparent anomaly was explained on the basis of different experimental conditions and doses associated with cells under in vivo and in vitro culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Preet Singh
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-NIPER, SAS Nagar-Mohali Punjab, India 160062
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30
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Das M, Bandyopadhyay D, Singh RP, Harde H, Kumar S, Jain S. Orthogonal biofunctionalization of magnetic nanoparticles via “clickable” poly(ethylene glycol) silanes: a “universal ligand” strategy to design stealth and target-specific nanocarriers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34571d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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