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Hecko S, Schiefer A, Badenhorst CPS, Fink MJ, Mihovilovic MD, Bornscheuer UT, Rudroff F. Enlightening the Path to Protein Engineering: Chemoselective Turn-On Probes for High-Throughput Screening of Enzymatic Activity. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2832-2901. [PMID: 36853077 PMCID: PMC10037340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Many successful stories in enzyme engineering are based on the creation of randomized diversity in large mutant libraries, containing millions to billions of enzyme variants. Methods that enabled their evaluation with high throughput are dominated by spectroscopic techniques due to their high speed and sensitivity. A large proportion of studies relies on fluorogenic substrates that mimic the chemical properties of the target or coupled enzymatic assays with an optical read-out that assesses the desired catalytic efficiency indirectly. The most reliable hits, however, are achieved by screening for conversions of the starting material to the desired product. For this purpose, functional group assays offer a general approach to achieve a fast, optical read-out. They use the chemoselectivity, differences in electronic and steric properties of various functional groups, to reduce the number of false-positive results and the analytical noise stemming from enzymatic background activities. This review summarizes the developments and use of functional group probes for chemoselective derivatizations, with a clear focus on screening for enzymatic activity in protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hecko
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Schiefer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoffel P S Badenhorst
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael J Fink
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Marko D Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Novel Antitumor Agents Based on Fluorescent Benzofurazan Derivatives and Mesoporous Silica. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415663. [PMID: 36555305 PMCID: PMC9778797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel fluorescent mesoporous silica-based hybrid materials were obtained through the covalent grafting of [4-hydrazinyl-7-nitrobenz-[2,1,3-d]-oxadiazole (NBDH) and N1-(7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]-oxadiazol-4-yl) benzene-1,2-diamine (NBD-PD), respectively, inside the channels of mesoporous silica SBA-15. The presence of fluorescent organic compounds (nitrobenzofurazan derivatives) was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal analysis (TG), and fluorescence spectroscopy. The nitrogen physisorption analysis showed that the nitrobenzofurazan derivatives were distributed uniformly on the internal surface of SBA-15, the immobilization process having a negligible effect on the structure of the support. Their antioxidant activity was studied by measuring the ability to reduce free radicals DPPH (free radical scavenging activity), in order to formulate potential applications of the materials obtained. Cytotoxicity of the newly synthesized materials, SBA-NBDH and SBA-NBD-PD, was evaluated on human B16 melanoma cells. The morphology of these cells, internalization and localization of the investigated materials in melanoma and fibroblast cells were examined through fluorescence imaging. The viability of B16 (3D) spheroids after treatment with SBA-NBDH and SBA-NBD-PD was evaluated using MTS assay. The results showed that both materials induced a selective antiproliferative effect, reducing to various degrees the viability of melanoma cells. The observed effect was enhanced with increasing concentration. SBA-NBD-PD exhibited a higher antitumor effect compared to SBA-NBDH starting with a concentration of 125 µg/mL. In both cases, a significantly more pronounced antiproliferative effect on tumor cells compared to normal cells was observed. The viability of B16 spheroids dropped by 40% after treatment with SBA-NBDH and SBA-NBD-PD at 500 µg/mL concentration, indicating a clear cytotoxic effect of the tested compounds. These results suggest that both newly synthesized biomaterials could be promising antitumor agents for applications in cancer therapy.
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Wang JL, Hu XY, Han CG, Hou SY, Wang HS, Zheng F. Lanthanide Complexes for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy by Targeting Sialic Acid. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14827-14837. [PMID: 35981089 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid (SA) is overexpressed on cell membranes of tumor cells, and increased serum SA concentration has been observed in tumor-bearing patients. Herein, a series of lanthanide-containing bimetallic complexes (TDA-M-Lns) for targeting SA were prepared via coordination among luminescent lanthanide ions (Ln3+ = Tb3+, Eu3+, Dy3+, or Sm3+), metal ion quenchers (M2+ = Cu2+ or Co2+), and the organic ligand 2,2'-thiodiacetic acid (TDA). SA can competitively coordinate with Ln3+, resulting in the "signal-on" of the Ln3+. Therefore, the TDA-M-Lns can be simply used for cost-saving detection of SA in the blood samples. Among the TDA-M-Lns, TDA-Co-Eu showed the highest sensitivity to detect SA in the blood of tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, the TDA-Co-Eu was successfully used to target SA and deposit Eu3+ on the surfaces of tumor cells for the inhibition of tumor cell growth and migration. The therapeutic effect of TDA-Co-Eu on a Balb/c mouse liver tumor model was evaluated. It was proved that TDA-Co-Eu can be applied for SA detection as well as for inhibiting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Han
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Hou
- Administration for Market Regulation of Shanting district, Zaozhuang 277200, China
| | - Huai-Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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4
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Sangubotla R, Kim J. Fluorometric biosensor based on boronic acid-functionalized ZnO-derived nanostructures for the detection of N-acetylneuraminic acid and its in vivo bio-imaging studies. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Hall YD, Uzoewulu CP, Nizam ZM, Ishizawa S, El-Shaffey HM, Ohata J. Phosphine-mediated three-component bioconjugation of amino- and azidosaccharides in ionic liquids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10568-10571. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04013a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugation of carbohydrates has been a challenging task because of their chemical, functional, and structural diversities, and no single chemical modification tool can be universally applicable to all the target substrates in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne D. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Chiamaka P. Uzoewulu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Zeinab M. Nizam
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Seiya Ishizawa
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Hisham M. El-Shaffey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Jun Ohata
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
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6
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Preston-Herrera C, Jackson AS, Bachmann BO, Froese JT. Development and application of a high throughput assay system for the detection of Rieske dioxygenase activity. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:775-784. [PMID: 33439179 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02412k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the development of a new periodate-based reactive assay system for the fluorescent detection of the cis-diol metabolites produced by Rieske dioxygenases. This sensitive and diastereoselective assay system successfully evaluates the substrate scope of Rieske dioxygenases and determines the relative activity of a rationally designed Rieske dioxygenase variant library. The high throughput capacity of the assay system enables rapid and efficient substrate scope investigations and screening of large dioxygenase variant libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron S Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, 2000 W Riverside Ave, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
| | - Brian O Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jordan T Froese
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, 2000 W Riverside Ave, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
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7
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Ge H, Liu G, Yin R, Sun Z, Chen H, Yu L, Su P, Sun M, Alamry KA, Marwani HM, Wang S. An aldimine condensation reaction based fluorescence enhancement probe for detection of gaseous formaldehyde. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Zhou X, Yang G, Guan F. Biological Functions and Analytical Strategies of Sialic Acids in Tumor. Cells 2020; 9:E273. [PMID: 31979120 PMCID: PMC7072699 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids, a subset of nine carbon acidic sugars, often exist as the terminal sugars of glycans on either glycoproteins or glycolipids on the cell surface. Sialic acids play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes via carbohydrate-protein interactions, including cell-cell communication, bacterial and viral infections. In particular, hypersialylation in tumors, as well as their roles in tumor growth and metastasis, have been widely described. Recent studies have indicated that the aberrant sialylation is a vital way for tumor cells to escape immune surveillance and keep malignance. In this article, we outline the present state of knowledge on the metabolic pathway of human sialic acids, the function of hypersialylation in tumors, as well as the recent labeling and analytical techniques for sialic acids. It is expected to offer a brief introduction of sialic acid metabolism and provide advanced analytical strategies in sialic acid studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ganglong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Feng Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
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9
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Whited J, Zhang X, Nie H, Wang D, Li Y, Sun XL. Recent Chemical Biology Approaches for Profiling Cell Surface Sialylation Status. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2364-2374. [PMID: 30053371 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids (SAs) often exist as the terminal sugars of glycans of either glycoproteins or glycolipids on the cell surface and thus are directly involved in biological processes, such as cell-cell, cell-ligand, and cell-pathogen interactions. Cell surface SA expression levels and their linkages are collectively termed cell surface sialylation status, which represent varying cellular states and contribute to the overall functionality of a cell. Accordingly, systemic and specific profiling of the cell surface sialyation status is critical in deciphering the structures and functions of cell surface glycoconjugates and the molecular mechanisms of their underlying biological processes. In recent decades, several advanced chemical biology approaches have been developed to profile the cell surface sialyation status of both in vitro and in vivo samples, including metabolic labeling, direct chemical modification, and boronic acid coupling approaches. Various investigative technologies have also been explored for their unique competence, including fluorescent imaging, flow cytometry, Raman imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry. In particular, the sialylation status of a specific glycoprotein on the cell surface has been investigated. This review highlights the recent advancements in chemical biology approaches for profiling cell surface sialyation status. It is expected that this review will provide researchers different choices for both biological and biomedical research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Whited
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang-jie, Harbin, Heilongjiang 5001, China
| | - Huan Nie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang-jie, Harbin, Heilongjiang 5001, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Yu Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang-jie, Harbin, Heilongjiang 5001, China
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
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10
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Hunter CD, Guo T, Daskhan G, Richards MR, Cairo CW. Synthetic Strategies for Modified Glycosphingolipids and Their Design as Probes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8188-8241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmanah D. Hunter
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gour Daskhan
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michele R. Richards
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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11
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A designer enzyme for hydrazone and oxime formation featuring an unnatural catalytic aniline residue. Nat Chem 2018; 10:946-952. [PMID: 29967395 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Creating designer enzymes with the ability to catalyse abiological transformations is a formidable challenge. Efforts toward this goal typically consider only canonical amino acids in the initial design process. However, incorporating unnatural amino acids that feature uniquely reactive side chains could significantly expand the catalytic repertoire of designer enzymes. To explore the potential of such artificial building blocks for enzyme design, here we selected p-aminophenylalanine as a potentially novel catalytic residue. We demonstrate that the catalytic activity of the aniline side chain for hydrazone and oxime formation reactions is increased by embedding p-aminophenylalanine into the hydrophobic pore of the multidrug transcriptional regulator from Lactococcus lactis. Both the recruitment of reactants by the promiscuous binding pocket and a judiciously placed aniline that functions as a catalytic residue contribute to the success of the identified artificial enzyme. We anticipate that our design strategy will prove rewarding to significantly expand the catalytic repertoire of designer enzymes in the future.
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12
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Lv J, Zhang Q, Cai M, Han Y, Luo S. Aromatic Aminocatalysis. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:740-753. [PMID: 29493891 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic aminocatalysis refers to transformations that employ aromatic amines, such as anilines or aminopyridines, as catalysts. Owing to the conjugation of the amine moiety with the aromatic ring, aromatic amines demonstrate distinctive features in aminocatalysis compared with their aliphatic counterparts. For example, aromatic aminocatalysis typically proceeds with slower turnover, but is more active and conformationally rigid as a result of the stabilized aromatic imine or iminium species. In fact, the advent of aromatic aminocatalysis can be traced back to before the renaissance of organocatalysis in the early 2000s. So far, aromatic aminocatalysis has been widely applied in bioconjugation reactions through transamination; in asymmetric organocatalysis through imine/enamine tautomerization; and in cooperative catalysis with transition metals through C-H/C-C activation and functionalization. This Focus Review summarizes the advent of and major advances in the use of aromatic aminocatalysis in bioconjugation reactions and organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mao Cai
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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13
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Wang DE, Yan J, Jiang J, Liu X, Tian C, Xu J, Yuan MS, Han X, Wang J. Polydiacetylene liposomes with phenylboronic acid tags: a fluorescence turn-on sensor for sialic acid detection and cell-surface glycan imaging. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4570-4578. [PMID: 29461547 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08557e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid (SA) located at the terminal end of glycans on cell membranes has been shown to play an important yet distinctive role in various biological and pathological processes. Effective methods for the facile, sensitive and in situ analysis of SA on living cell surfaces are of great significance in terms of clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, a new polydiacetylene (PDA) liposome-based sensor system bearing phenylboronic acid (PBA) and 1,8-naphthalimide derived fluorophore moieties was developed as a fluorescence turn-on sensor for the detection of free SA in aqueous solution and the in situ imaging of SA-terminated glycans on living cell surfaces. In the sensor system, three diacetylene monomers, PCDA-pBA, PCDA-Nap and PCDA-EA, were designed and synthesized to construct the composite PDA liposome sensor. The monomer PCDA-pBA modified with PBA molecules was employed as a receptor for SA recognition, while the monomer PCDA-Nap containing a 1,8-naphthalimide derivative fluorophore was used for fluorescence signaling. When the composite PDA liposomes were formed, the energy transfer between the fluorophore and the conjugated backbone could directly quench the fluorescence of the fluorophore. In the presence of additional SA or SA abundant cells, the strong binding of SA with PBA moieties disturbed the pendent side chain conformation, resulting in the fluorescence restoration of the fluorophore. The proposed methods realized the fluorescence turn-on detection of free SA in aqueous solution and the in situ imaging of SA on living MCF-7 cell surfaces. This work provides a new potential tool for simple and selective analysis of SA on living cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-En Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China.
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14
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Widyaya VT, Riga EK, Müller C, Lienkamp K. Sub-micrometer Sized, 3D-Surface-attached Polymer Networks by Microcontact Printing: Using UV-Crosslinking Efficiency to Tune Structure Height. Macromolecules 2018; 54:1409-1417. [PMID: 34404958 PMCID: PMC7611507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The lateral dimensions of micro- and nanostructures obtained by microcontact printing (μCP) can be easily varied by selecting stamps with the desired spacing and pattern. However, the height of these structures cannot be tuned as easily, and in most cases only 2D structures are obtained. Here, we show how the chemical cross-linking properties of polymer inks designed for μCP can be used to obtain 3D structures with heights ranging from 3 to 750 nm using the same μCP stamps. This is technologically relevant because the ink concentration affects the quality and resolution of the printed image, and therefore can only be varied in a certain range. By exploiting the cross-linking efficiency to tune the height, an additional parameter is available to reach the desired structure height without compromising the image quality. The inks were made from copolymers containing a low percentage of different UV cross-linkable repeat units: nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD), coumarin (COU), and/or benzophenone (BP). The base polymer of the here presented model system was an antimicrobially active poly(oxanorbornene) (SMAMP), however the concept should be transferable to many other polymer backbones. We describe the fabrication and characterization of the printed micro- and nanostructures made from pure SMAMP, NBD-SMAMP, coumarin-SMAMP, BP-SMAMP, BP-NBD-SMAMP and BP-coumarin-SMAMP polymer inks. The photo-dimerization of COU during UV irradiation at λ = 254 nm was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Since NBD and COU are fluorescent, the polymer could be visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, their height profiles were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The heights of the 3D surface-attached polymer networks obtained from the here presented polymer inks correlated with the gel-content of the corresponding unstructured polymer layers, and thus with the cross-linking efficiency of the NBD, COU and BP cross-linkers. Due to being covalently cross-linked, these 3D-surface attached polymer structures were solvent-stable and stable in aqueous surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Tanda Widyaya
- Bioactive Polymer Synthesis and Surface Engineering Group, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esther K. Riga
- Bioactive Polymer Synthesis and Surface Engineering Group, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claas Müller
- Laboratory for Process Technology, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karen Lienkamp
- Bioactive Polymer Synthesis and Surface Engineering Group, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Reeves AG, Subbarao M, Lippert AR. Imaging Acetaldehyde Formation During Ethanol Metabolism in Living Cells using a Hydrazinyl Naphthalimide Fluorescent Probe. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2017; 9:3418-3421. [PMID: 29109756 PMCID: PMC5669384 DOI: 10.1039/c7ay01238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde has been visualized in living lung epithelial cells using a hydrazinyl naphthalimide fluorescent probe. Utilizing a condensation reaction between carbonyls and a hydrazine moeity, we demonstrate that the fluorescent probe (Aldehydefluor-1) AF1 reacts with a range of reactive carbonyl species including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxylic acid, and methyl glyoxal. With AF1, it is possible to directly visualize endogenous carbonyl metabolites. Here, we have applied it towards the visualization of acetaldehyde generated from alcohol dehydrogenase mediated ethanol metabolism, validating it as a useful tool to study the roles of alcohol in respiratory disease and other pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Reeves
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA
| | - M. Subbarao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA
| | - A. R. Lippert
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA
- Center for Drug Discovery, Design, and Delivery (CD4), Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA
- Center for Global Health Impact (CGHI), Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA
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Liu HW, Law WHT, Lee LCC, Lau JCW, Lo KKW. Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Bipyridine-Phenylboronic Acid Complexes as Bioimaging Reagents and Luminescent Probes for Sialic Acids. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1545-1556. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Liu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Wendell Ho-Tin Law
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Jonathan Chun-Wai Lau
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
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17
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Gedda G, Chen GR, Yao YY, Girma WM, Li JD, Yen CL, Ling YC, Chang JY. Aqueous synthesis of dual-targeting Gd-doped CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots for cancer-specific bi-modal imaging. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02252b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CIGS/ZnS@FA|APBA q-dots were synthesized in an aqueous phase; these quantum dots exhibited great potential as dual-modal nanoprobes for optical/MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangaraju Gedda
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 43, Section 4
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Guan-Rong Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 43, Section 4
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Yueh-Yun Yao
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Republic of China
| | - Wubshet Mekonnen Girma
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 43, Section 4
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Jyun-Dong Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 43, Section 4
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Chia-Liang Yen
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chien Ling
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yaw Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 43, Section 4
- Taipei
- Republic of China
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18
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McKay CS, Finn MG. Polyvalent Catalysts Operating on Polyvalent Substrates: A Model for Surface-Controlled Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12643-9. [PMID: 27237869 PMCID: PMC6939865 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Unusually fast rates of nucleophilic catalysis of hydrazone ligation were observed when polyvalent anthranilic acid catalysts operating on polyvalent aldehyde substrates were used with PAMAM dendrimers as the common platform. When presented in this way, the catalyst has a strong accelerating effect at concentrations 40-400 times lower than those required for similar monovalent catalysts and displays unique kinetic parameters. We attribute these properties to polyvalent engagement between the dendrimer surface groups, and a potential "rolling" effect leading to fast interparticle kinetic turnover. The phenomenon is sensitive to the density of functional groups on each dendrimer, and insensitive to factors that promote or inhibit nonspecific particle aggregation. These findings constitute a rare experimental example of an underappreciated phenomenon in biological and chemical systems that are organized on interacting surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S McKay
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - M G Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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19
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McKay CS, Finn MG. Polyvalent Catalysts Operating on Polyvalent Substrates: A Model for Surface-Controlled Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig S. McKay
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Georgia Institute of Technology; 901 Atlantic Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - M. G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Georgia Institute of Technology; 901 Atlantic Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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20
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Shinde S, El-Schich Z, Malakpour-Permlid A, Wan W, Dizeyi N, Mohammadi R, Rurack K, Gjörloff Wingren A, Sellergren B. Sialic Acid-Imprinted Fluorescent Core-Shell Particles for Selective Labeling of Cell Surface Glycans. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13908-12. [PMID: 26414878 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The expression of cell surface glycans terminating with sialic acid (SA) residues has been found to correlate with various disease states there among cancer. We here report a novel strategy for specific fluorescence labeling of such motifs. This is based on sialic acid-imprinted core-shell nanoparticles equipped with nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) fluorescent reporter groups allowing environmentally sensitive fluorescence detection at convenient excitation and emission wavelengths. Imprinting was achieved exploiting a hybrid approach combining reversible boronate ester formation between p-vinylphenylboronic acid and SA, the introduction of cationic amine functionalities, and the use of an NBD-appended urea-monomer as a binary hydrogen-bond donor targeting the SA carboxylic acid and OH functionalities. The monomers were grafted from 200 nm RAFT-modified silica core particles using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker resulting in a shell thickness of ca. 10 nm. The particles displayed strong affinity for SA in methanol/water mixtures (K = 6.6 × 10(5) M(-1) in 2% water, 5.9 × 10(3) M(-1) in 98% water, B(max) ≈ 10 μmol g(-1)), whereas binding of the competitor glucuronic acid (GA) and other monosaccharides was considerably weaker (K (GA) = 1.8 × 10(3) M(-1) in 98% water). In cell imaging experiments, the particles selectively stained different cell lines in correlation with the SA expression level. This was further verified by enzymatic cleavage of SA and by staining using a FITC labeled SA selective lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhirkumar Shinde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University , SE-20506 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Zahra El-Schich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University , SE-20506 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Atena Malakpour-Permlid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University , SE-20506 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Wei Wan
- Chemical and Optical Sensing Division, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nishtman Dizeyi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University , SE-20506 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Knut Rurack
- Chemical and Optical Sensing Division, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anette Gjörloff Wingren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University , SE-20506 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Börje Sellergren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University , SE-20506 Malmö, Sweden
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21
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XIE PUHUI, GAO GUANGQIN, ZHANG WENJIE, YANG GUOYU, JIN QIU. A novel fluorescent turn-on probe for bisulfite based on NBD chromophore. J CHEM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-015-0881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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22
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Xie P, Gao G, Liu J, Jin Q, Yang G. A New Turn on Fluorescent Probe for Selective Detection of Cysteine/Homocysteine. J Fluoresc 2015; 25:1315-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Mukherjee K, Chio TI, Sackett DL, Bane SL. Detection of oxidative stress-induced carbonylation in live mammalian cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 84:11-21. [PMID: 25801292 PMCID: PMC4457688 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is often associated with etiology and/or progression of disease conditions, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. At the cellular level, oxidative stress induces carbonylation of biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. The presence of carbonyl-containing biomolecules as a hallmark of these diseases provides a suitable target for diagnostic detection. Here, a simple, robust method for detecting cellular aldehydes and ketones in live cells using a fluorophore is presented. A hydrazine-functionalized synthetic fluorophore serves as an efficient nucleophile that rapidly reacts with reactive carbonyls in the cellular milieu. The product thus formed exhibits a wavelength shift in the emission maximum accompanied by an increase in emission intensity. The photochemical characteristics of the fluorophore enable the identification of the fluorophore-conjugated cellular biomolecules in the presence of unreacted dye, eliminating the need for removal of excess fluorophore. Moreover, this fluorophore is found to be nontoxic and is thus appropriate for live cell analysis. Utility of the probe is demonstrated in two cell lines, PC3 and A549. Carbonylation resulting from serum starvation and hydrogen peroxide-induced stress is detected in both cell lines using fluorescence microscopy and a fluorescence plate reader. The fluorescent signal originates from carbonylated proteins and lipids but not from oxidized DNA, and the majority of the fluorescence signal (>60%) is attributed to fluorophore-conjugated lipid oxidation products. This method should be useful for detecting cellular carbonylation in a high-content assay or high-throughput assay format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalika Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Tak Ian Chio
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Dan L Sackett
- Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susan L Bane
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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24
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Fahmi MZ, Chen JK, Huang CC, Ling YC, Chang JY. Phenylboronic acid-modified magnetic nanoparticles as a platform for carbon dot conjugation and doxorubicin delivery. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5532-5543. [PMID: 32262524 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00289c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe the preparation of phenylboronic acid-modified magnetofluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of MnFe2O4 magnetic NPs conjugated to fluorescent carbon dots (Cdots). These NPs are useful for both optical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities and could also be used to deliver the water-insoluble chemotherapy drug, doxorubicin (Dox). In this study, hydrophobic MnFe2O4 NPs were transferred from organic media to water by coordinating with 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid ligands, which also act as a cancer cell-specific targeting ligand and a site for conjugation to fluorescent Cdots, allowing the preparation of phenylboronic acid-modified magnetofluorescent NPs. The NPs displayed colloidal stability at different pH values and salt concentrations, and exhibited negligible cytotoxicity against HeLa cancer cells with >85% cell viability at concentrations of up to 500 μg mL-1. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed the specificity of the magnetofluorescent NPs in HeLa cells. MRI experiments showed that the magnetofluorescent NPs were effective contrast enhancement agents in T2-weighted MRI. Moreover, the NPs were also found to be effective fluorescent markers in an in vivo experiment in zebrafish embryos. Dox was attached to the NPs by π-π stacking interactions, and was delivered in a targeted manner. The results indicated that these magnetofluorescent NPs could deliver Dox efficiently and induce an anticancer effect in HeLa cells, as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and in vitro cytotoxicity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mochamad Zakki Fahmi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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25
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He Y, Guo Z, Jin P, Jiao C, Tian H, Zhu W. Optimizing the Chemical Recognition Process of a Fluorescent Chemosensor for α-Ketoglutarate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqian Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengwei Jin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changhong Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Gong T, Cui Y, Goh D, Voon KK, Shum PP, Humbert G, Auguste JL, Dinh XQ, Yong KT, Olivo M. Highly sensitive SERS detection and quantification of sialic acid on single cell using photonic-crystal fiber with gold nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 64:227-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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27
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Meng Q, Shi Y, Wang C, Jia H, Gao X, Zhang R, Wang Y, Zhang Z. NBD-based fluorescent chemosensor for the selective quantification of copper and sulfide in an aqueous solution and living cells. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2918-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent chemosensor (NL) has been developed for the selective quantification of copper and sulfide in aqueous solutions and living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science
- Macquarie University
- Sydney NSW
- Australia
| | - Cuiping Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- China
| | - Hongmin Jia
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- China
| | - Xue Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- China
| | - Run Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science
- Macquarie University
- Sydney NSW
- Australia
| | - Yongfei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- China
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28
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Ednie AR, Bennett ES. Reduced sialylation impacts ventricular repolarization by modulating specific K+ channel isoforms distinctly. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2769-83. [PMID: 25525262 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.605139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated K(+) channels (Kv) are responsible for repolarizing excitable cells and can be heavily glycosylated. Cardiac Kv activity is indispensable where even minimal reductions in function can extend action potential duration, prolong QT intervals, and ultimately contribute to life-threatening arrhythmias. Diseases such as congenital disorders of glycosylation often cause significant cardiac phenotypes that can include arrhythmias. Here we investigated the impact of reduced sialylation on ventricular repolarization through gene deletion of the sialyltransferase ST3Gal4. ST3Gal4-deficient mice (ST3Gal4(-/-)) had prolonged QT intervals with a concomitant increase in ventricular action potential duration. Ventricular apex myocytes isolated from ST3Gal4(-/-) mice demonstrated depolarizing shifts in activation gating of the transient outward (Ito) and delayed rectifier (IKslow) components of K(+) current with no change in maximum current densities. Consistently, similar protein expression levels of the three Kv isoforms responsible for Ito and IKslow were measured for ST3Gal4(-/-) versus controls. However, novel non-enzymatic sialic acid labeling indicated a reduction in sialylation of ST3Gal4(-/-) ventricular Kv4.2 and Kv1.5, which contribute to Ito and IKslow, respectively. Thus, we describe here a novel form of regulating cardiac function through the activities of a specific glycogene product. Namely, reduced ST3Gal4 activity leads to a loss of isoform-specific Kv sialylation and function, thereby limiting Kv activity during the action potential and decreasing repolarization rate, which likely contributes to prolonged ventricular repolarization. These studies elucidate a novel role for individual glycogene products in contributing to a complex network of cardiac regulation under normal and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Ednie
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Eric S Bennett
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612
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29
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Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry has enabled the selective labeling and detection of biomolecules in living systems. Bioorthogonal smart probes, which become fluorescent or deliver imaging or therapeutic agents upon reaction, allow for the visualization of biomolecules or targeted delivery even in the presence of excess unreacted probe. This review discusses the strategies used in the development of bioorthogonal smart probes and highlights the potential of these probes to further our understanding of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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30
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Ray GJ, Ravenscroft N, Siekmann J, Zhang Z, Sanders P, Shaligram U, Szabo CM, Kosma P. Complete structural elucidation of an oxidized polysialic acid drug intermediate by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:665-76. [PMID: 24679150 DOI: 10.1021/bc400456g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (PSA) is a high molecular weight glycan composed of repeat units of α(2→8) linked 5-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid. Mild periodate oxidation of PSA selectively targets the end sialic acid ring containing three adjacent alcohols generating a putative aldehyde, which can be used for terminal attachment of PSA to therapeutic proteins. The work presented here permitted complete NMR peak assignments of not only the repeat units, but also the two terminal units at each end of oxidized PSA, an intermediate, which can be used to improve drug performance. The assignments were made using a variety of NMR techniques on oligomers of sialic acid as well as oxidized PSA with molecular masses of 4 and 20 kDa. This enabled structure elucidation that showed the actual moiety formed was not the expected aldehyde or its hydrate, but is a hemiacetal between the oxidation site on the terminal sialic acid ring and the penultimate ring. The existence of a hemiacetal structure has major implications on stability, reactivity, and conjugation chemistry of oxidized PSA. The assignment process also revealed deuterium exchange of the axial hydrogen at the 3- (methylene) position of the ring, which was in agreement with the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Joseph Ray
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation , Round Lake, 60073, Illinois, United States
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31
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Li C, Key JA, Jia F, Dandapat A, Hur S, Cairo CW. Practical labeling methodology for choline-derived lipids and applications in live cell fluorescence imaging. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:686-95. [PMID: 24383866 DOI: 10.1111/php.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipids of the plasma membrane participate in a variety of biological processes, and methods to probe their function and cellular location are essential to understanding biochemical mechanisms. Previous reports have established that phosphocholine-containing lipids can be labeled by alkyne groups through metabolic incorporation. Herein, we have tested alkyne, azide and ketone-containing derivatives of choline as metabolic labels of choline-containing lipids in cells. We also show that 17-octadecynoic acid can be used as a complementary metabolic label for lipid acyl chains. We provide methods for the synthesis of cyanine-based dyes that are reactive with alkyne, azide and ketone metabolic labels. Using an improved method for fluorophore conjugation to azide or alkyne-modified lipids by Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), we apply this methodology in cells. Lipid-labeled cell membranes were then interrogated using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, we explored the utility of this labeling strategy for use in live cell experiments. We demonstrate measurements of lipid dynamics (lateral mobility) by fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR). In addition, we show that adhesion of cells to specific surfaces can be accomplished by chemically linking membrane lipids to a functionalized surface. The strategies described provide robust methods for introducing bioorthogonal labels into native lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caishun Li
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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32
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Jin P, Jiao C, Guo Z, He Y, Zhu S, Tian H, Zhu W. Rational design of a turn-on fluorescent sensor for α-ketoglutaric acid in a microfluidic chip. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01378f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rational design of turn-on fluorescent chemosensors for monitoring α-ketoglutaric acid has been developed with a microfluidic chip, indicative of a potential platform for high-throughput screening and monitoring of kinetics, especially in biological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Changhong Jiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqian Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ye He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shiqin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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33
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Zou C, Loka RS, Zhang Y, Cairo CW. Glycoform remodeling generates a synthetic T cell phenotype. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:907-14. [PMID: 23742724 DOI: 10.1021/bc300599w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The glycan of specific proteins can dictate the response of cells to stimuli, and thus their phenotype. We describe a chemical strategy to modify the cellular glycoform of T cells, which resulted in a modified cellular response. Our data indicate that chemical modification of the phosphatase CD45 is responsible for the observed differences in response to receptor cross-linking. By increasing the content of galactose epitopes in the glycocalyx of a lymphoma cell line, we were able to increase the response of the cell to lectin stimulation through the glycoprotein receptor, CD45. The method described here exploits metabolic labeling of a cell to reprogram the cellular response to external stimuli though changes in the number of lectin binding sites on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zou
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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34
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Crisalli P, Kool ET. Importance of ortho proton donors in catalysis of hydrazone formation. Org Lett 2013; 15:1646-9. [PMID: 23477719 DOI: 10.1021/ol400427x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Anthranilic acids were recently reported as superior catalysts for hydrazone and oxime formation compared to aniline, the classic catalyst for these reactions. Here, alternative proton donors were examined with varied pKa in an effort to enhance activity at biological pH. The experiments show that 2-aminobenzenephosphonic acids are superior to anthranilic acids in catalyzing hydrazone formation with common aldehyde substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Crisalli
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
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35
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Crisalli P, Kool ET. Water-soluble organocatalysts for hydrazone and oxime formation. J Org Chem 2013; 78:1184-9. [PMID: 23289546 DOI: 10.1021/jo302746p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The formation of oximes and hydrazones is widely used in chemistry and biology as a molecular conjugation strategy for achieving ligation, attachment, and bioconjugation. However, the relatively slow rate of reaction has hindered its utility. Here, we report that simple, commercially available anthranilic acids and aminobenzoic acids act as superior catalysts for hydrazone and oxime formation, speeding the reaction considerably over the traditional aniline-catalyzed reaction at neutral pH. This efficient nucleophilic catalysis, involving catalyst-imine intermediates, allows rapid hydrazone/oxime formation even with relatively low concentrations of the two reactants. The most efficient catalysts are found to be 5-methoxyanthranilic acid and 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid; we find that they can enhance rates by factors of as much as 1-2 orders of magnitude over the aniline-catalyzed reaction. Evidence based on a range of differently substituted arylamines suggests that the ortho-carboxylate group in the anthranilate catalysts serves to aid in intramolecular proton transfer during imine and hydrazone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Crisalli
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA
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Gavrilyuk J, Ban H, Nagano M, Hakamata W, Barbas CF. Formylbenzene diazonium hexafluorophosphate reagent for tyrosine-selective modification of proteins and the introduction of a bioorthogonal aldehyde. Bioconjug Chem 2012. [PMID: 23181702 DOI: 10.1021/bc300410p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
4-Formylbenzene diazonium hexafluorophosphate (FBDP) is a novel bench-stable crystalline diazonium salt that reacts selectively with tyrosine to install a bioorthogonal aldehyde functionality. Model studies with N-acyl-tyrosine methylamide allowed us to identify conditions optimal for tyrosine ligation reactions with small peptides and proteins. FBDP-based conjugation was used for the facile introduction of small molecule tags, poly(ethylene glycol) chains (PEGylation), and functional small molecules onto model proteins and to label the surface of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gavrilyuk
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Kumar S, Sharma R, Garcia M, Kamel J, McCarthy C, Muth A, Phanstiel O. Chemoselective Amide Formation Using O-(4-Nitrophenyl)hydroxylamines and Pyruvic Acid Derivatives. J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302175g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Kumar
- Department of Medical
Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando,
Florida 32827, United States
| | - Rashi Sharma
- Department of Medical
Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando,
Florida 32827, United States
| | - Megan Garcia
- Department of Medical
Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando,
Florida 32827, United States
| | - Joseph Kamel
- Department of Medical
Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando,
Florida 32827, United States
| | - Caroline McCarthy
- Department of Medical
Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando,
Florida 32827, United States
| | - Aaron Muth
- Department of Medical
Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando,
Florida 32827, United States
| | - Otto Phanstiel
- Department of Medical
Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando,
Florida 32827, United States
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Crisalli P, Hernández AR, Kool ET. Fluorescence quenchers for hydrazone and oxime orthogonal bioconjugation. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1969-80. [PMID: 22913527 PMCID: PMC3447104 DOI: 10.1021/bc300344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and properties of new fluorescence quenchers containing aldehyde, hydrazine, and aminooxy groups, allowing convenient bioconjugation as oximes or hydrazones. Conjugation to oligonucleotides proceeded in high yield with aniline as catalyst. Kinetics studies of conjugation show that, under optimal conditions, a hydrazine or aminooxy quencher can react with aldehyde-modified DNA to form a stable hydrazone or oxime adduct in as little as five minutes. The resulting quencher-containing DNAs were assessed for their ability to quench the emission of fluorescein in labeled complements and compared to the commercially available dabcyl and Black Hole Quencher 2 (BHQ2), which were conjugated as phosphoramidites. Results show that the new quenchers possess slightly different absorbance properties compared to dabcyl and are as efficient as the commercial quenchers in quenching fluorescein emission. Hydrazone-based quenchers were further successfully incorporated into molecular beacons and shown to give high signal to background ratios in single nucleotide polymorphism detection in vitro. Finally, aminooxy and hydrazine quenchers were applied to quenching of an aldehyde-containing fluorophore associated with living cells, demonstrating cellular quenching within one hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Crisalli
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA
| | - Armando R. Hernández
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA
| | - Eric T. Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA
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