1
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Lan G, Song Q, Luan Y, Cheng Y. Targeted strategies to deliver boron agents across the blood-brain barrier for neutron capture therapy of brain tumors. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123747. [PMID: 38151104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), as an innovative radiotherapy technology, has demonstrated remarkable outcomes when compared to conventional treatments in the management of recurrent and refractory brain tumors. However, in BNCT of brain tumors, the blood-brain barrier is a main stumbling block for restricting the transport of boron drugs to brain tumors, while the tumor targeting and retention of boron drugs also affect the BNCT effect. This review focuses on the recent development of strategies for delivering boron drugs crossing the blood-brain barrier and targeting brain tumors, providing new insights for the development of efficient boron drugs for the treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongde Lan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingxu Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Medical Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxia Luan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Medical Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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2
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Caminade AM, Milewski M, Hey-Hawkins E. Dendritic Structures Functionalized with Boron Clusters, in Particular Carboranes, and Their Biological Properties. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2117. [PMID: 37631334 PMCID: PMC10459656 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of a large number of boron atoms in boron clusters make them attractive tools for the treatment of cancer using boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Since the quantity of boron atoms present in the target cell directly affects the effectiveness of BNCT, the idea of gathering a high number of boron atoms in a single entity has emerged many years ago. In this perspective, using hyper-branched macromolecules such as dendrimers appears as an interesting solution. In this review, we will first present the synthesis of diverse dendritic entities (dendrimers, dendrons, and Janus dendrimers) that incorporate boron clusters, in particular carboranes, anywhere in their structure. Four parts of this review present the synthesis of dendrimers having boron clusters on the surface, or inside their structure, of dendrons and of Janus dendrimers, bearing boron clusters. Practically all these boronated dendritic structures were synthesized with the objective to study their biological properties, but in fact only a few of them have been tested against cancerous cells, and even a smaller number was tested in BNCT experiments. The biological experiments are discussed in the fifth part of this review. A good efficiency is generally observed with the boronated dendrimers, even in animal models, with an increase in their mean survival time (MST).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC-CNRS) 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France;
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Max Milewski
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC-CNRS) 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France;
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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3
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Beck-Sickinger AG, Becker DP, Chepurna O, Das B, Flieger S, Hey-Hawkins E, Hosmane N, Jalisatgi SS, Nakamura H, Patil R, Vicente MDGH, Viñas C. New Boron Delivery Agents. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2023; 38:160-172. [PMID: 36350709 PMCID: PMC10325817 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2022.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This proceeding article compiles current research on the development of boron delivery drugs for boron neutron capture therapy that was presented and discussed at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Workshop on Neutron Capture Therapy that took place on April 20-22, 2022. The most used boron sources are icosahedral boron clusters attached to peptides, proteins (such as albumin), porphyrin derivatives, dendrimers, polymers, and nanoparticles, or encapsulated into liposomes. These boron clusters and/or carriers can be labeled with contrast agents allowing for the use of imaging techniques, such as PET, SPECT, and fluorescence, that enable quantification of tumor-localized boron and their use as theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel P. Becker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Oksana Chepurna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bhaskar Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sebastian Flieger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Narayan Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rameshwar Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
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4
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Perico D, Di Silvestre D, Imamichi S, Sanada Y, Masutani M, Mauri PL. Systems Biology Approach to Investigate Biomarkers, Boron-10 Carriers, and Mechanisms Useful for Improving Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2022; 38:152-159. [PMID: 36269655 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2022.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems biology approach, carried out with high-throughput omics technologies, has become a fundamental aspect of the study of complex diseases like cancer. It can molecularly characterize subjects, physiopathological conditions, and interactions, allowing a precise description, to reach personalized medicine. In particular, proteomics, typically performed with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, is a powerful tool for systems biology, giving the possibility to perform diagnosis, patient stratification, and prediction of therapy effects. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a selective antitumoral radiotherapy based on a nuclear reaction that occurs when 10B atoms are irradiated by low-energy thermal neutrons, leading to cell death, thanks to the production of high-energy α particles. Since BNCT is recently becoming an important therapy for the treatment of different types of solid tumors such as gliomas, head and neck cancers, and others, it can take advantage of molecular investigation to improve the understanding of effects and mechanisms and so help its clinical applications. In this context, proteomics can provide a better understanding of mechanisms related to BNCT effect, identify potential biomarkers, and individuate differential responses by specific patients, stratifying responders and nonresponders. Another key aspect of BNCT is the study of new potential Boron-10 carriers to improve the selectivity of Boron delivery to tumors and proteomics can be important in this application, studying the effectiveness of new boron delivery agents, including protein-based carriers, also using computational studies that can investigate new molecules, such as boronated monoclonal antibodies, for improving BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Perico
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Shoji Imamichi
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki, Japan.,Central Radioisotope Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Japan
| | - Yu Sanada
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki, Japan.,Central Radioisotope Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pier Luigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Italy.,Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
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5
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Jalilian AR, Shahi A, Swainson IP, Nakamura H, Venkatesh M, Osso JA. Potential Theranostic Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Agents as Multimodal Radiopharmaceuticals. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2022; 37:342-354. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2021.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amir R. Jalilian
- Nuclear Sciences and Applications Department, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arman Shahi
- Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ian P. Swainson
- Nuclear Sciences and Applications Department, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Meera Venkatesh
- Nuclear Sciences and Applications Department, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joao A. Osso
- Nuclear Sciences and Applications Department, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Li F, Luo Z. Boron delivery agents for boron neutron capture therapy. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2021. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2021-1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Rondina A, Fossa P, Orro A, Milanesi L, De Palma A, Perico D, Mauri PL, D’Ursi P. A Boron Delivery Antibody (BDA) with Boronated Specific Residues: New Perspectives in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy from an In Silico Investigation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113225. [PMID: 34831449 PMCID: PMC8618907 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a tumor cell-selective radiotherapy based on a nuclear reaction that occurs when the isotope boron-10 (10B) is radiated by low-energy thermal neutrons or epithermal neutrons, triggering a nuclear fission response and enabling a selective administration of irradiation to cells. Hence, we need to create novel delivery agents containing 10B with high tumor selectivity, but also exhibiting low intrinsic toxicity, fast clearance from normal tissue and blood, and no pharmaceutical effects. In the past, boronated monoclonal antibodies have been proposed using large boron-containing molecules or dendrimers, but with no investigations in relation to maintaining antibody specificity and structural and functional features. This work aims at improving the potential of monoclonal antibodies applied to BNCT therapy, identifying in silico the best native residues suitable to be substituted with a boronated one, carefully evaluating the effect of boronation on the 3D structure of the monoclonal antibody and on its binding affinity. A boronated monoclonal antibody was thus generated for specific 10B delivery. In this context, we have developed a case study of Boron Delivery Antibody Identification Pipeline, which has been tested on cetuximab. Cetuximab is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, and head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rondina
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), 20054 Segrate (MI), Italy; (A.R.); (A.O.); (L.M.); (A.D.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Orro
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), 20054 Segrate (MI), Italy; (A.R.); (A.O.); (L.M.); (A.D.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Luciano Milanesi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), 20054 Segrate (MI), Italy; (A.R.); (A.O.); (L.M.); (A.D.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Antonella De Palma
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), 20054 Segrate (MI), Italy; (A.R.); (A.O.); (L.M.); (A.D.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Davide Perico
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), 20054 Segrate (MI), Italy; (A.R.); (A.O.); (L.M.); (A.D.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Pier Luigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), 20054 Segrate (MI), Italy; (A.R.); (A.O.); (L.M.); (A.D.P.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Pasqualina D’Ursi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), 20054 Segrate (MI), Italy; (A.R.); (A.O.); (L.M.); (A.D.P.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.M.); (P.D.)
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8
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Nelyubin AV, Selivanov NA, Klyukin IN, Bykov AY, Zhdanov AP, Zhizhin KY, Kuznetsov NT. New Method for Synthesis of Substituted N-Borylated Dipeptides Based on Acetonitrile Derivative of the closo-Dodecaborate Anion. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621090096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A new multistage synthesis of the N-borylated dipeptide B12-PheGlyOH has been proposed. The approach is based on the reaction of nucleophilic addition of amino acid derivatives to the [B12H11NCCH3]– anion. The products of each stage have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR absorption spectroscopy, and ESI mass spectrometry.
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9
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Abstract
This review describes the latest polymeric systems used as boron transporters for boron neutron capture therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences
- University of Bradford
- Bradford BD7 1DP
- UK
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10
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Boron neutron capture therapy for malignant brain tumors. J Neurooncol 2020; 149:1-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Hoppenz P, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Peptide-Drug Conjugates and Their Targets in Advanced Cancer Therapies. Front Chem 2020; 8:571. [PMID: 32733853 PMCID: PMC7359416 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer became recently the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Even though standard treatments achieve significant effects in growth inhibition and tumor elimination, they cause severe side effects as most of the applied drugs exhibit only minor selectivity for the malignant tissue. Hence, specific addressing of tumor cells without affecting healthy tissue is currently a major desire in cancer therapy. Cell surface receptors, which bind peptides are frequently overexpressed on cancer cells and can therefore be considered as promising targets for selective tumor therapy. In this review, the benefits of peptides as tumor homing agents are presented and an overview of the most commonly addressed peptide receptors is given. A special focus was set on the bombesin receptor family and the neuropeptide Y receptor family. In the second part, the specific requirements of peptide-drug conjugates (PDC) and intelligent linker structures as an essential component of PDC are outlined. Furthermore, different drug cargos are presented including classical and recent toxic agents as well as radionuclides for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In the last part, boron neutron capture therapy as advanced targeted cancer therapy is introduced and past and recent developments are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hoppenz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Worm DJ, Els‐Heindl S, Beck‐Sickinger AG. Targeting of peptide‐binding receptors on cancer cells with peptide‐drug conjugates. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J. Worm
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of BiochemistryLeipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | - Sylvia Els‐Heindl
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of BiochemistryLeipzig University Leipzig Germany
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13
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14
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Worm DJ, Hoppenz P, Els-Heindl S, Kellert M, Kuhnert R, Saretz S, Köbberling J, Riedl B, Hey-Hawkins E, Beck-Sickinger AG. Selective Neuropeptide Y Conjugates with Maximized Carborane Loading as Promising Boron Delivery Agents for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. J Med Chem 2019; 63:2358-2371. [PMID: 31589041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors like the human Y1 receptor (hY1R) are promising targets in cancer therapy due to their high overexpression on cancer cells and their ability to internalize together with the bound ligand. This mechanism was exploited to shuttle boron atoms into cancer cells for the application of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), a noninvasive approach to eliminate cancer cells. A maximized number of carboranes was introduced to the hY1R-preferring ligand [F7,P34]-NPY by solid phase peptide synthesis. Branched conjugates loaded with up to 80 boron atoms per peptide molecule exhibited a maintained receptor activation profile, and the selective uptake into hY1R-expressing cells was demonstrated by internalization studies. In order to ensure appropriate solubility in aqueous solution, we proved the need for eight hydroxyl groups per carborane. Thus, we suggest the utilization of bis-deoxygalactosyl-carborane building blocks in solid phase peptide synthesis to produce selective boron delivery agents for BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Worm
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Hoppenz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Kellert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Kuhnert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Saretz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Riedl
- Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Shi Y, Li J, Zhang Z, Duan D, Zhang Z, Liu H, Liu T, Liu Z. Tracing Boron with Fluorescence and Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Boronated Porphyrin Nanocomplex for Imaging-Guided Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:43387-43395. [PMID: 30451482 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) induces high-energy radiation within cancer cells while avoiding damage to normal cells without uptake of BNCT drugs, which is holding great promise to provide excellent control over locally invasive malignant tumors. However, lack of quantitative imaging technique to determine local boron concentration has been a great challenge for nuclear physicians to apply accurate neutron irradiation during the treatment, which is a key factor that has limited BNCT's application in clinics. To meet this challenge, this study describes coating boronated porphyrins with a biocompatible poly(lactide- co-glycolide)-monomethoxy-poly(polyethylene-glycol) (PLGA-mPEG) micelle for selective tumor accumulation and reduced toxicity comparing with the previously reported boronated porphyrin drugs. Fluorescence imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging were performed, unveiling the potential imaging properties of this boronated porphyrin nanocomplex (BPN) to locate tumor region and to determine tissue-localized boron concentration which facilitates treatment planning. By studying the pharmacokinetics of BPN with Cu-64 PET imaging, the treatment plan was adjusted from single bolus injection to multiple times of injections of smaller doses. As expected, high tumor uptake of boron (125.17 ± 13.54 ppm) was achieved with an extraordinarily high tumor to normal tissue ratio: tumors to liver, muscle, fat, and blood were 3.24 ± 0.22, 61.46 ± 20.26, 31.55 ± 10.30, and 33.85 ± 5.73, respectively. At last, neutron irradiation with BPN showed almost complete tumor suppression, demonstrating that BPN holds a great potential for being an efficient boron delivery agent for imaging-guided BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Shi
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jiyuan Li
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zizhu Zhang
- Beijing Capture Tech Co., Ltd. , Beijing 102413 , China
| | - Dongban Duan
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhengchu Zhang
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Hui Liu
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Tong Liu
- Beijing Capture Tech Co., Ltd. , Beijing 102413 , China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences , Beijing 100871 , China
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16
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Farhood B, Samadian H, Ghorbani M, Zakariaee SS, Knaup C. Physical, dosimetric and clinical aspects and delivery systems in neutron capture therapy. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2018; 23:462-473. [PMID: 30263016 PMCID: PMC6158036 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutron capture therapy (NCT) is a targeted radiotherapy for cancer treatment. In this method, neutrons with a spectra/specific energy (depending on the type of agent used for NCT) are captured with an agent that has a high cross-section with these neutrons. There are some agents that have been proposed in NCT including 10B, 157Gd and 33S. Among these agents, only 10B is used in clinical trials. Application of 157Gd is limited to in-vivo and in-vitro research. In addition, 33S has been applied in the field of Monte Carlo simulation. In BNCT, the only two delivery agents which are presently applied in clinical trials are BPA and BSH, but other delivery systems are being developed for more effective treatment in NCT. Neutron sources used in NCT are fission reactors, accelerators, and 252Cf. Among these, fission reactors have the most application in NCT. So far, BNCT has been applied to treat various cancers including glioblastoma multiforme, malignant glioma, malignant meningioma, liver, head and neck, lung, colon, melanoma, thyroid, hepatic, gastrointestinal cancer, and extra-mammary Paget's disease. This paper aims to review physical, dosimetric and clinical aspects as well as delivery systems in NCT for various agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hadi Samadian
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghorbani
- Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Salman Zakariaee
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Courtney Knaup
- Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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17
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Barth RF, Mi P, Yang W. Boron delivery agents for neutron capture therapy of cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:35. [PMID: 29914561 PMCID: PMC6006782 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary radiotherapeutic modality based on the nuclear capture and fission reactions that occur when the stable isotope, boron-10, is irradiated with neutrons to produce high energy alpha particles. This review will focus on tumor-targeting boron delivery agents that are an essential component of this binary system. Two low molecular weight boron-containing drugs currently are being used clinically, boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium borocaptate (BSH). Although they are far from being ideal, their therapeutic efficacy has been demonstrated in patients with high grade gliomas, recurrent tumors of the head and neck region, and a much smaller number with cutaneous and extra-cutaneous melanomas. Because of their limitations, great effort has been expended over the past 40 years to develop new boron delivery agents that have more favorable biodistribution and uptake for clinical use. These include boron-containing porphyrins, amino acids, polyamines, nucleosides, peptides, monoclonal antibodies, liposomes, nanoparticles of various types, boron cluster compounds and co-polymers. Currently, however, none of these have reached the stage where there is enough convincing data to warrant clinical biodistribution studies. Therefore, at present the best way to further improve the clinical efficacy of BNCT would be to optimize the dosing paradigms and delivery of BPA and BSH, either alone or in combination, with the hope that future research will identify new and better boron delivery agents for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf F. Barth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 4132 Graves Hall, 333 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Peng Mi
- Department of Radiology, Center for Medical Imaging, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Weilian Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 4132 Graves Hall, 333 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Present Address: Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004 P. R. China
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Kim Y, Park EJ, Na DH. Recent progress in dendrimer-based nanomedicine development. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:571-582. [PMID: 29450862 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers offer well-defined nanoarchitectures with spherical shape, high degree of molecular uniformity, and multiple surface functionalities. Such unique structural properties of dendrimers have created many applications for drug and gene delivery, nanomedicine, diagnostics, and biomedical engineering. Dendrimers are not only capable of delivering drugs or diagnostic agents to desired sites by encapsulating or conjugating them to the periphery, but also have therapeutic efficacy in their own. When compared to traditional polymers for drug delivery, dendrimers have distinct advantages, such as high drug-loading capacity at the surface terminal for conjugation or interior space for encapsulation, size control with well-defined numbers of peripheries, and multivalency for conjugation to drugs, targeting moieties, molecular sensors, and biopolymers. This review focuses on recent applications of dendrimers for the development of dendrimer-based nanomedicines for cancer, inflammation, and viral infection. Although dendrimer-based nanomedicines still face some challenges including scale-up production and well-characterization, several dendrimer-based drug candidates are expected to enter clinical development phase in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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19
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MIYATAKE SI, KAWABATA S, HIRAMATSU R, KUROIWA T, SUZUKI M, KONDO N, ONO K. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Malignant Brain Tumors. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2016; 56:361-71. [PMID: 27250576 PMCID: PMC4945594 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2015-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a biochemically targeted radiotherapy based on the nuclear capture and fission reactions that occur when non-radioactive boron-10, which is a constituent of natural elemental boron, is irradiated with low energy thermal neutrons to yield high linear energy transfer alpha particles and recoiling lithium-7 nuclei. Therefore, BNCT enables the application of a high dose of particle radiation selectively to tumor cells in which boron-10 compound has been accumulated. We applied BNCT using nuclear reactors for 167 cases of malignant brain tumors, including recurrent malignant gliomas, newly diagnosed malignant gliomas, and recurrent high-grade meningiomas from January 2002 to May 2014. Here, we review the principle and history of BNCT. In addition, we introduce fluoride-18-labeled boronophenylalanine positron emission tomography and the clinical results of BNCT for the above-mentioned malignant brain tumors. Finally, we discuss the recent development of accelerators producing epithermal neutron beams. This development could provide an alternative to the current use of specially modified nuclear reactors as a neutron source, and could allow BNCT to be performed in a hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi MIYATAKE
- Cancer Center, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka
| | - Shinji KAWABATA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka
| | - Ryo HIRAMATSU
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka
| | | | - Minoru SUZUKI
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Kyoto University Research, Reactor Institute, Kumatori, Osaka
| | - Natsuko KONDO
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Kyoto University Research, Reactor Institute, Kumatori, Osaka
| | - Koji ONO
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Kyoto University Research, Reactor Institute, Kumatori, Osaka
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20
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Frank R, Ahrens VM, Boehnke S, Beck-Sickinger AG, Hey-Hawkins E. Charge-Compensated Metallacarborane Building Blocks for Conjugation with Peptides. Chembiochem 2016; 17:308-17. [PMID: 26662708 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The cobalt bis(dicarbollide) complex [commo-3,3'-Co(1,2-C2 B9 H11 )2 ](-) has captured much attention in biochemical and medical contexts, in particular for the treatment of tumors by boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Derivatives of cobalt bis(dicarbollide) are commonly prepared through ring-opening reactions of cyclic oxonium ions, so the corresponding products are usually charged. Furthermore, attempts to incorporate cobalt bis(dicarbollide) into peptides are rare, despite obvious potential advantages. Here the synthesis of an imidazolium-based charge-compensated cobalt bis(dicarbollide) building block, which allows additional modifications with moieties of biochemical relevance, such as monosaccharides, is reported. Furthermore, conjugates of these building blocks with the Y1 -receptor-selective derivative of neuropeptide Y ([F(7) ,P(34) ]-NPY) retained excellent response to hY1 receptors found to be overexpressed in breast tumors and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Frank
- Universität Leipzig, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Verena M Ahrens
- Universität Leipzig, Fakultät für Biochemie, Pharmazie und Psychologie, Institut für Biochemie, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Solveig Boehnke
- Universität Leipzig, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette G Beck-Sickinger
- Universität Leipzig, Fakultät für Biochemie, Pharmazie und Psychologie, Institut für Biochemie, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Universität Leipzig, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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21
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Frank R, Ahrens V, Boehnke S, Hofmann S, Kellert M, Saretz S, Pandey S, Sárosi M, Bartók Á, Beck-Sickinger AG, Hey-Hawkins E. Carbaboranes – more than just phenyl mimetics. PURE APPL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2014-1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDicarba-closo-dodecaboranes(12) (C2B10H12, carbaboranes) are highly hydrophobic and stable icosahedral carbon-containing boron clusters. The cage framework of these clusters can be modified with a variety of substituents, both at the carbon and at the boron atoms. Substituted carbaboranes are of interest in medicine as boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) agents or as pharmacophores. High and selective accumulation in tumour cells is an important requirement for a BNCT agent and is achieved by incorporating boron-rich, water-soluble carbaborane derivatives into breast tumour-selective modified neuropeptide Y, [F7, P34]-NPY. Preliminary studies showed that the receptor binding affinity and signal transduction of the boron-modified peptides were very well retained. Use of carbaboranes as pharmacophores was shown by replacement of Bpa32 (Bpa=benzoylphenylalanine) in the reduced-size NPY analogue [Pro30, Nle31, Bpa32, Leu34]-NPY 28–36 by ortho-carbaboranyl propanoic acid. The inclusion of the carbaborane derivative resulted in a short NPY agonist with an interesting hY2R/hY4R preference. This might be a promising approach in the field of anti-obesity drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Frank
- 1Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Verena Ahrens
- 2Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Solveig Boehnke
- 1Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Hofmann
- 2Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Kellert
- 1Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Saretz
- 1Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Souvik Pandey
- 1Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Menyhárt Sárosi
- 1Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ágota Bartók
- 1Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- 1Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Tarrés M, Canetta E, Paul E, Forbes J, Azzouni K, Viñas C, Teixidor F, Harwood AJ. Biological interaction of living cells with COSAN-based synthetic vesicles. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7804. [PMID: 25588708 PMCID: PMC4295085 DOI: 10.1038/srep07804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobaltabisdicarbollide (COSAN) [3,3'-Co(1,2-C2B9H11)2](-), is a complex boron-based anion that has the unusual property of self-assembly into membranes and vesicles. These membranes have similar dimensions to biological membranes found in cells, and previously COSAN has been shown to pass through synthetic lipid membranes and those of living cells without causing breakdown of membrane barrier properties. Here, we investigate the interaction of this inorganic membrane system with living cells. We show that COSAN has no immediate effect on cell viability, and cells fully recover when COSAN is removed following exposure for hours to days. COSAN elicits a range of cell biological effects, including altered cell morphology, inhibition of cell growth and, in some cases, apoptosis. These observations reveal a new biology at the interface between inorganic, synthetic COSAN membranes and naturally occurring biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Màrius Tarrés
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elisabetta Canetta
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Ave, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Paul
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Ave, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Forbes
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Ave, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Karima Azzouni
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Ave, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Adrian J. Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Ave, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
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Kowalski K, Goszczyński T, Leśnikowski ZJ, Boratyński J. Synthesis of lysozyme-metallacarborane conjugates and the effect of boron cluster modification on protein structure and function. Chembiochem 2015; 16:424-31. [PMID: 25589498 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two complementary methods, "in solution" and "in solid state", for the synthesis of lysozyme modified with metallacarborane (cobalt bis(dicarbollide), Co(C2 B9 H11 )2 (2-) ) were developed. As metallacarborane donors, oxonium adducts of cobalt bis(dicarbollide) and 1,4-dioxane or tetrahydropyran were used. The physicochemical and biochemical properties of the obtained lysozyme-metallacarborane conjugates were studied for changes in secondary and tertiary structure, aggregation behavior, and biological activity. Only minor changes in primary, secondary, and tertiary protein structure were observed, caused by the single substitution of metallacarborane on lysozyme. However, the modification produced significant changes in lysozyme enzymatic activity and a tendency toward time- and temperature-dependent aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kowalski
- "Neolek" Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114 Wrocław (Poland).
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24
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Lee D, Lee YM, Kim J, Lee MK, Kim WJ. Enhanced tumor-targeted gene delivery by bioreducible polyethylenimine tethering EGFR divalent ligands. Biomater Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates successful delivery of a gene to EGFR-overexpressed cancer cells by using a rationally designed branched GE11 peptide as a targeting ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duhwan Lee
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity
- Institute for Basic Science and Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro
- Pohang 790-784
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Mi Lee
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity
- Institute for Basic Science and Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro
- Pohang 790-784
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity
- Institute for Basic Science and Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro
- Pohang 790-784
- Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Kyu Lee
- Bionanotechnology Research Center
- KRIBB
- Daejeon 305-806
- Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity
- Institute for Basic Science and Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro
- Pohang 790-784
- Republic of Korea
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25
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Ahrens VM, Frank R, Boehnke S, Schütz CL, Hampel G, Iffland DS, Bings NH, Hey-Hawkins E, Beck-Sickinger AG. Receptor-Mediated Uptake of Boron-Rich Neuropeptide Y Analogues for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. ChemMedChem 2014; 10:164-72. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Xu L, Zhang H, Wu Y. Dendrimer advances for the central nervous system delivery of therapeutics. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:2-13. [PMID: 24274162 DOI: 10.1021/cn400182z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of noninvasive treatment for central nervous system (CNS) diseases is generally limited by the poor access of therapeutic agents into the CNS. Most CNS drugs cannot permeate into the brain parenchyma because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and overcoming this has become one of the most significant challenges in the development of CNS therapeutics. Rapid advances in nanotechnology have provided promising solutions to this challenge. This review discusses the latest applications of dendrimers in the treatment of CNS diseases with an emphasis on brain tumors. Dendrimer-mediated drug delivery, imaging, and diagnosis are also reviewed. The toxicity, biodistribution, and transport mechanisms in dendrimer-mediated delivery of CNS therapeutic agents bypassing or crossing the BBB are also discussed. Future directions and major challenges of dendrimer-mediated delivery of CNS therapeutic agents are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Xu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, §Department of Chemical
and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, §Department of Chemical
and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Yue Wu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, §Department of Chemical
and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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27
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Tarrés M, Canetta E, Viñas C, Teixidor F, Harwood AJ. Imaging in living cells using νB–H Raman spectroscopy: monitoring COSAN uptake. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3370-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49658a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The boron cluster containing molecules, COSAN and I2-COSAN, accumulate within living cells, and can be visualised by νB–H Raman microspectroscopy. This offers an unexplored means of cell labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Màrius Tarrés
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC)
- Campus de la U.A.B
- E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC)
- Campus de la U.A.B
- E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC)
- Campus de la U.A.B
- E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Yadav T, Mungray AA, Mungray AK. Fabricated nanoparticles: current status and potential phytotoxic threats. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 230:83-110. [PMID: 24609519 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04411-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers unique attributes to various industrial and consumer sectors, and has become a topic of high interest to scientific communities across the world. Our society has greatly benefitted from nanotechnology already, in that many products with novel properties and wide applicability have been developed and commercialized. However, the increased production and use of nanomaterials have raised concerns about the environmental fate and toxicological implications of nanoparticles and nanomaterials. Research has revealed that various nanomaterials may be hazardous to living organisms. Among biota, plants are widely exposed to released nanomaterials and are sensitive to their effects. The accumulation of nannmaterials in the environment is a potential threat, not only because of potential damage to plants hut also because nanoparticles may enter the food chain. Although the literature that addresses the safety of nanoproducts is growing, little is known about the mechanisms by which these materials produce toxicity on natural species, including humans. In this paper, we have reviewed the literature relevant to what phytotoxic impact fabricated nanoparticles (e.g., carbon nanotubes, metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles, and certain other nanomaterials) have on plants. Nanoparticles produce several effects on plant physiology and morphology. Nanoparticles are known to affect root structure, seed germination, and cellular metabolism. Nanoparticles inhibit growth, induce oxidative stress, morphogenetic abnormalities and produce clastogenic disturbances in several plant species. The size, shape and surface coating of NPs play an important role in determining their level of toxicity. Of course, the dose, route of administration, type of dispersion media, and environmental exposure also contribute to how toxic nanoparticles are to plants. Currently, nanotoxicity studies are only in their initial phases of development and more research will be required to identify the actual threat nanoproducts pose to the plant system. To date, data show that there is a large variation in the phytotoxicity caused by different NPs. Moreover, the studies conducted thus far have mostly relied on microscopy to detect effects. Studies that incorporate measures and analyses undertaken with more modern tools are needed. Among new data that are most urgently needed on NPs is how fabricated NPs behave once released into the environment, and how exposure to them may affect plant resistance, metabolic pathways, and plant genetic responses. In this review, we have attempted to collect, present and summarize recent findings from the literature on nanoparticle toxicity in plants. To strengthen the analysis, we propose a scheme for accessing NP toxicity. We also recommend how the potential challenges presented by increased production and release of NPs should be addressed. It is our belief and recommendation that every nanomaterial-based product be subjected to appropriate toxicity and associated assessment before being commercialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Yadav
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Ichchhanath, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India
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29
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Matmour R, Gnanou Y. Synthesis of complex polymeric architectures using multilithiated carbanionic initiators—Comparison with other approaches. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Barth RF, Vicente MGH, Harling OK, Kiger WS, Riley KJ, Binns PJ, Wagner FM, Suzuki M, Aihara T, Kato I, Kawabata S. Current status of boron neutron capture therapy of high grade gliomas and recurrent head and neck cancer. Radiat Oncol 2012; 7:146. [PMID: 22929110 PMCID: PMC3583064 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-7-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a biochemically targeted radiotherapy based on the nuclear capture and fission reactions that occur when non-radioactive boron-10, which is a constituent of natural elemental boron, is irradiated with low energy thermal neutrons to yield high linear energy transfer alpha particles and recoiling lithium-7 nuclei. Clinical interest in BNCT has focused primarily on the treatment of high grade gliomas, recurrent cancers of the head and neck region and either primary or metastatic melanoma. Neutron sources for BNCT currently have been limited to specially modified nuclear reactors, which are or until the recent Japanese natural disaster, were available in Japan, the United States, Finland and several other European countries, Argentina and Taiwan. Accelerators producing epithermal neutron beams also could be used for BNCT and these are being developed in several countries. It is anticipated that the first Japanese accelerator will be available for therapeutic use in 2013. The major hurdle for the design and synthesis of boron delivery agents has been the requirement for selective tumor targeting to achieve boron concentrations in the range of 20 μg/g. This would be sufficient to deliver therapeutic doses of radiation with minimal normal tissue toxicity. Two boron drugs have been used clinically, a dihydroxyboryl derivative of phenylalanine, referred to as boronophenylalanine or “BPA”, and sodium borocaptate or “BSH” (Na2B12H11SH). In this report we will provide an overview of other boron delivery agents that currently are under evaluation, neutron sources in use or under development for BNCT, clinical dosimetry, treatment planning, and finally a summary of previous and on-going clinical studies for high grade gliomas and recurrent tumors of the head and neck region. Promising results have been obtained with both groups of patients but these outcomes must be more rigorously evaluated in larger, possibly randomized clinical trials. Finally, we will summarize the critical issues that must be addressed if BNCT is to become a more widely established clinical modality for the treatment of those malignancies for which there currently are no good treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf F Barth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 165 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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31
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Abstract
In medicinal chemistry, carbaboranes can be employed either as boron carriers for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) or as scaffolds for radiodiagnostic or therapeutic agents. We have developed a suitable synthesis employing the phosphoramidite method to connect meta-carbaboranyl bis-phosphonites with the 6'-OH group of isopropylidene-protected galactose, followed by oxidation or sulfurization to give the corresponding bis-phosphonates. Deprotection yielded water-soluble compounds. The corresponding disodium salts exhibit especially low cytotoxicity. Preliminary results on the in vivo toxicity and biodistribution of two compounds in mice indicated a lack of selectivity for the cotton rat lung (CRL) tumor chosen for the experiment. For the incorporation of carbaboranes into breast tumor-selective modified neuropeptide Y, [F7, P34]-NPY, a synthesis of a carbaborane-modified lysine derivative was developed. Linkage of the lysine to the boron cluster was achieved by using a propionic acid spacer. Incorporation of the amino acid derivatives into NPY and [F7, P34]-NPY by solid-phase peptide synthesis was successful. Preliminary studies showed that the receptor binding affinity and signal transduction of the boron-modified peptides were very well retained. Asborin, the carbaborane analogue of aspirin, is a rather weak inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2, but a highly potent aldo/keto reductase 1A1 (AKR1A1) inhibitor. Modification either at the carboxyl group or at the chlorophenyl ring in indomethacin with ortho- and meta-carbaboranyl derivatives gave active derivatives only for the ortho-carbaborane directly attached to the carboxyl group, while the corresponding adamantyl and meta-carbaboranyl derivatives were inactive.
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Pokorski JK, Hovlid ML, Finn MG. Cell targeting with hybrid Qβ virus-like particles displaying epidermal growth factor. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2441-7. [PMID: 21956837 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Structurally uniform protein nanoparticles derived from the self-assembly of viral capsid proteins are attractive platforms for the multivalent display of cell-targeting motifs for use in nanomedicine. Virus-based nanoparticles are of particular interest because the scaffold can be manipulated both genetically and chemically to simultaneously display targeting groups and carry a functional payload. Here, we displayed the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the exterior surface of bacteriophage Qβ as a C-terminal genetic fusion to the Qβ capsid protein. The co-assembly of wild-type Qβ and EGF-modified subunits resulted in structurally homogeneous nanoparticles displaying between 5 and 12 copies of EGF on their exterior surface. The particles were found to be amenable to bioconjugation by standard methods as well as the high-fidelity copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC). Such chemical derivatization did not impair the ability of the particles to specifically interact with the EGF receptor. Additionally, the particle-displayed EGF remained biologically active promoting autophosphorylation of the EGF receptor and apoptosis of A431 cells. These results suggest that hybrid Qβ-EGF nanoparticles could be useful vehicles for targeted delivery of imaging and/or therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Calabrese G, Nesnas JJ, Barbu E, Fatouros D, Tsibouklis J. The formulation of polyhedral boranes for the boron neutron capture therapy of cancer. Drug Discov Today 2011; 17:153-9. [PMID: 21978988 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The early promise of boron neutron capture therapy as a method for the treatment of cancer has been inhibited by the inherent toxicity associated with therapeutically useful doses of ¹⁰B-containing pharmacophores, the need for target-tissue specificity and the challenges imposed by biological barriers. Although developments in the synthetic chemistry of polyhedral boranes have addressed issues of toxicity to a considerable extent, the optimisation of the transport and the delivery of boronated agents to the site of action--the subject of this review--is a challenge that is addressed by the development of innovative formulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Calabrese
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK.
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Haque S, Md S, Alam MI, Sahni JK, Ali J, Baboota S. Nanostructure-based drug delivery systems for brain targeting. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:387-411. [PMID: 21954902 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.608191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is well-known fact that blood brain barrier (BBB) hinders the penetrance and access of many pharmacotherapeutic agents to central nervous system (CNS). Many diseases of the CNS remain undertreated and the inability to treat most CNS disorders is not due to the lack of effective CNS drug discovery, rather, it is due to the ineffective CNS delivery. Therefore, a number of nanostructured drug delivery carriers have been developed and explored over the past couple of years to transport the drugs to brain. OBJECTIVE The present review will give comprehensive details of extensive research being done in field of nanostructured carriers to transport the drugs through the BBB in a safe and effective manner. METHODS The method includes both the polymeric- and lipid-based nanocarriers with emphasis on their utility, methodology, advantages, and the drugs which have been worked on using a particular approach to provide a noninvasive method to improve the drug transport through BBB. RESULTS Polymeric- and lipid-based nanocarriers enter brain capillaries before reaching the surface of the brain microvascular endothelial cells without the disruption of BBB. These systems are further modified with specific ligands vectors and pegylation aiming to target and enhance their binding with surface receptors of the specific tissues inside brain and increase long circulatory time which favors interaction and penetration into brain endothelial cells. CONCLUSION This review would give an insight to the researchers working on neurodegenerative and non-neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS including brain tumor.
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Fenstermaker RA, Ciesielski MJ. EGFR Intron Recombination in Human Gliomas: Inappropriate Diversion of V(D)J Recombination? Curr Genomics 2011; 8:163-70. [PMID: 18645600 DOI: 10.2174/138920207780833838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a membrane-bound, 170 kDa, protein tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in tumorigenesis. The EGFR gene, which is composed of over 168 kb of sequence, including a 123-kb first intron, is frequently amplified and rearranged in malignant gliomas leading to the expression of oncogenic deletion (DM) and tandem duplication (TDM) mutants. The most common DM in gliomas is EGFRvIII, which arises from recombination between introns 1 and 7 with deletion of exons 2 through 7 and intervening introns. In addition, some human gliomas express 180- to 190-kDa TDM, which are constitutively active and highly oncogenic. Both DM and TDM arise by recombination of introns that contain sequences with homology to the recombination signal sequence (RSS) heptamers and nonamers present in the V(D)J region of the immunoglobin and T lymphocyte antigen receptor genes. V(D)J RSS have also been identified in certain proto-oncogenes like bcl-2 that are involved in translocations associated with the development of human lymphomas and in other genes such as hypoxanthine-guainine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) in which deletion mutations and intron rearrangements are a common phenomenon. Together with the expression of recombination associated gene (RAG) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) proteins in gliomas, these observation suggest that aberrant activity of the V(D)J recombinase may be involved in the activation of proto-oncogenes in both liquid and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Fenstermaker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Ahrens VM, Frank R, Stadlbauer S, Beck-Sickinger AG, Hey-Hawkins E. Incorporation of ortho-Carbaboranyl-Nε-Modified l-Lysine into Neuropeptide Y Receptor Y1- and Y2-Selective Analogues. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2368-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101514m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena M. Ahrens
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig
| | - René Frank
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig
| | - Sven Stadlbauer
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig
| | | | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig
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Fabrication of Dendrimers Toward Biological Application. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 104:101-40. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416020-0.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
Tumor cell destruction in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is due to the nuclear reaction between (10)B and thermal neutrons. The thermal neutrons have an energy of 0.025 eV, clearly below the threshold energy required to ionize tissue components. However, neutron capture by (10)B produces lithium ion and helium (alpha-particles), which are high linear energy transfer (LET) particles, and dissipate their kinetic energy before traveling one cell diameter (5-9 microm) in biological tissues, ensuring their potential for precise cell killing. BNCT has been applied clinically for the treatment of malignant brain tumors, malignant melanoma, head and neck cancer, and hepatoma using two boron compounds: sodium borocaptate (Na(2)(10)B(12)H(11)SH; Na(2)(10)BSH) and l-p-boronophenylalanine (l-(10)BPA). These low molecular weight compounds are cleared easily from the cancer cells and blood. Therefore, high accumulation and selective delivery of boron compounds into tumor tissues are most important to achieve effective BNCT and to avoid damage of adjacent healthy cells. Much attention has been focused on the liposomal drug delivery system (DDS) as an attractive, intelligent technology of targeting and controlled release of (10)B compounds. Two approaches have been investigated for incorporation of (10)B into liposomes: (1) encapsulation of (10)B compounds into liposomes and (2) incorporation of (10)B-conjugated lipids into the liposomal bilayer. Our laboratory has developed boron ion cluster lipids for application of the latter approach. In this chapter, our boron lipid liposome approaches as well as recent developments of the liposomal boron delivery system are summarized.
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Agarwal A, Asthana A, Gupta U, Jain NK. Tumour and dendrimers: a review on drug delivery aspects. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 60:671-88. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.6.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumour is a morbid state, characterized by spontaneous outgrowth of an abnormal mass of cells. The evolution of tumours is random, disorganized, a condition of numerous mutations. The properties are biased and incompletely comprehended. It is a malignant or benign condition that encompasses its own rules of morphogenesis, an immortal state that elucidates different physiology. It is a pathological crisis that still haunts the minds of scientists, physicians and patients, a complete cure of which is still a dream to be realized. The unpredictable microenvironment of cancerous cells in all of its existing forms i.e. leukaemic cells, solid tumours and sarcomas is well documented. This phenomenon expressed by cancerous sites in the body poses various obstacles towards drug efficacy. Thus, it has become necessary to address briefly the issues relating to tumour physiology, its vasculature and angiogenesis. The information could provide insight towards the development of tumour-targeted drug delivery. The salient features regarding these have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Umesh Gupta
- Dr H. S. Gour University, Sagar, M.P., India
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Calderón M, Quadir MA, Sharma SK, Haag R. Dendritic polyglycerols for biomedical applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:190-218. [PMID: 20217684 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200902144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology in medicine and pharmaceuticals is a rapidly advancing field that is quickly gaining acceptance and recognition as an independent area of research called "nanomedicine". Urgent needs in this field, however, are biocompatible and bioactive materials for antifouling surfaces and nanoparticles for drug delivery. Therefore, extensive attention has been given to the design and development of new macromolecular structures. Among the various polymeric architectures, dendritic ("treelike") polymers have experienced an exponential development due to their highly branched, multifunctional, and well-defined structures. This Review describes the diverse syntheses and biomedical applications of dendritic polyglycerols (PGs). These polymers exhibit good chemical stability and inertness under biological conditions and are highly biocompatible. Oligoglycerols and their fatty acid esters are FDA-approved and are already being used in a variety of consumer applications, e.g., cosmetics and toiletries, food industries, cleaning and softening agents, pharmaceuticals, polymers and polymer additives, printing photographing materials, and electronics. Herein, we present the current status of dendritic PGs as functional dendritic architectures with particular focus on their application in nanomedicine, in drug, dye, and gene delivery, as well as in regenerative medicine in the form of non-fouling surfaces and matrix materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Calderón
- Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Stiriba SE, Frey H, Haag R. Dendritic polymers in biomedical applications: from potential to clinical use in diagnostics and therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 41:1329-34. [PMID: 19750755 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20020415)41:8<1329::aid-anie1329>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are characterized by a combination of high end-group functionality and a compact, precisely defined molecular structure. These characteristics can be used in biomedical applications, for example, for the amplification or multiplication of effects on a molecular level, or to create extremely high local concentrations of drugs, molecular labels, or probe moieties. A brief summary of the current state of the art in the field is given, and focuses on the application of dendrimers both in diagnostics as well as in therapy. In diagnostics, dendrimers that bear GdIII complexes are used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. DNA dendrimers have potential for routine use in high-throughput functional genomic analysis, as well as for DNA biosensors. Dendrimers are also being investigated for therapeutics, for example, as carriers for controlled drug delivery, in gene transfection, as well as in boron neutron-capture therapy. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of dendrimers has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah-Eddine Stiriba
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21/31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Sarin H. Recent progress towards development of effective systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of malignant brain tumors. J Transl Med 2009; 7:77. [PMID: 19723323 PMCID: PMC2743638 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-7-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic chemotherapy has been relatively ineffective in the treatment of malignant brain tumors even though systemic chemotherapy drugs are small molecules that can readily extravasate across the porous blood-brain tumor barrier of malignant brain tumor microvasculature. Small molecule systemic chemotherapy drugs maintain peak blood concentrations for only minutes, and therefore, do not accumulate to therapeutic concentrations within individual brain tumor cells. The physiologic upper limit of pore size in the blood-brain tumor barrier of malignant brain tumor microvasculature is approximately 12 nanometers. Spherical nanoparticles ranging between 7 nm and 10 nm in diameter maintain peak blood concentrations for several hours and are sufficiently smaller than the 12 nm physiologic upper limit of pore size in the blood-brain tumor barrier to accumulate to therapeutic concentrations within individual brain tumor cells. Therefore, nanoparticles bearing chemotherapy that are within the 7 to 10 nm size range can be used to deliver therapeutic concentrations of small molecule chemotherapy drugs across the blood-brain tumor barrier into individual brain tumor cells. The initial therapeutic efficacy of the Gd-G5-doxorubicin dendrimer, an imageable nanoparticle bearing chemotherapy within the 7 to 10 nm size range, has been demonstrated in the orthotopic RG-2 rodent malignant glioma model. Herein I discuss this novel strategy to improve the effectiveness of systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of malignant brain tumors and the therapeutic implications thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Sarin
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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van Dongen SFM, de Hoog HPM, Peters RJRW, Nallani M, Nolte RJM, van Hest JCM. Biohybrid Polymer Capsules. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6212-74. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900072y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn F. M. van Dongen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Hans-Peter M. de Hoog
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Ruud J. R. W. Peters
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Madhavan Nallani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
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Convection enhanced delivery of boronated EGF as a molecular targeting agent for neutron capture therapy of brain tumors. J Neurooncol 2009; 95:355-365. [PMID: 19588228 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-009-9945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we have evaluated a boronated dendrimer-epidermal growth factor (BD-EGF) bioconjugate as a molecular targeting agent for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) of the human EGFR gene-transfected F98 rat glioma, designated F98(EGFR). EGF was chemically linked to a heavily boronated polyamidoamine dendrimer (BD) by means of the heterobifunctional reagent, mMBS. Biodistribution studies were carried out at 6 h and 24 h following intratumoral (i.t.) injection or intracerebral (i.c.) convection enhanced delivery (CED) of (125)I-labeled or unlabeled BD-EGF (40 microg (10)B/10 microg EGF) to F98 glioma bearing rats. At 24 h. there was 43% more radioactivity in EGFR(+) tumors following CED compared to i.t. injection, and a doubling of the tumor boron concentration (22.3 microg/g vs. 11.7 microg/g). CED of BD-EGF resulted in a 7.2x increase in the volume of distribution within the infused cerebral hemisphere and a 1.9x increase in tumor uptake of BD-EGF compared with i.t. injection. Based on these favorable biodistribution data, BNCT was carried out at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology nuclear reactor 14 days following i.c. tumor implantation and 24 h. after CED of BD-EGF. These animals had a MST of 54.1 +/- 4.7 days compared to 43.0 +/- 2.8 days following i.t. injection. Rats that received BD-EGF by CED in combination with i.v. boronophenylalanine (BPA), which has been used in both experimental and clinical studies, had a MST of 86.0 +/- 28.1 days compared to 39.8 +/- 1.6 days for i.v. BPA alone (P < 0.01), 30.9 +/- 1.4 days for irradiated controls and 25.1 +/- 1.0 days for untreated controls (overall P < 0.0001). These data have demonstrated that the efficacy of BNCT was significantly increased (P < 0.006), following i.c CED of BD-EGF compared to i.t injection, and that the survival data were equivalent to those previously reported by us using the boronated anti-human-EGF mAb, C225 (cetuximab).
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Zhang S, Uludağ H. Nanoparticulate systems for growth factor delivery. Pharm Res 2009; 26:1561-80. [PMID: 19415467 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The field of nanotechnology, which aims to control and utilize matter generally in 1-100 nm range, has been at the forefront of pharmaceutical development. Nanoparticulate delivery systems, with their potential to control drug release profiles, prolonging the presence of drugs in circulation, and to target drugs to a specific site, hold tremendous promise as delivery strategies for therapeutics. Growth factors are endogenous polypeptides that initiate intracellular signals to regulate cellular activities, such as proliferation, migration and differentiation. With improved understanding of their roles in physiopathology and expansion of their availability through recombinant technologies, growth factors are becoming leading therapeutic candidates for tissue engineering approaches. However, the outcome of growth factor therapeutics largely depends on the mode of their delivery due to their rapid degradation in vivo, and non-specific distribution after systemic administration. In order to overcome these impediments, nanoparticulate delivery systems are being harnessed for spatiotemporal controlled delivery of growth factors. This review presents recent advances and some disadvantages of various nanoparticulate systems designed for effective intact growth factor delivery. The therapeutic applications of growth factors delivered by such systems are reviewed, especially for bone, skin and nerve regeneration as well as angiogenesis. Finally, future challenges and directions in the field are presented in addition to the current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufeng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, #830, Chemical & Materials Engineering Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2G6, Canada
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Sivaev IB, Bregadze VV. Polyhedral Boranes for Medical Applications: Current Status and Perspectives. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor B. Sivaev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991, Russia, Fax: +7‐499‐1355085
| | - Vladimir V. Bregadze
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991, Russia, Fax: +7‐499‐1355085
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Tekade
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar-470 003, India
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Rolland O, Turrin CO, Caminade AM, Majoral JP. Dendrimers and nanomedicine: multivalency in action. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b901054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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