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Di Lonardo S, Diamantidou D, Chatzitaki A, Fatouros D, Theodoridis G. Determination of plastic polyester oligomers in real samples and their bioeffects. EFSA J 2023; 21:e211008. [PMID: 38047132 PMCID: PMC10687748 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.e211008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastics are ubiquitously, becoming part of our everyday life. Recently, the issue of human exposure to micro- and nanoplastic particles and potentially resulting toxicological consequences has been broached, triggered by the discovery of microplastics in foodstuff and dietary exposure via contaminated food and beverages. Within this EU-FORA fellowship project, a determination and quantification of plastic polyester plastics oligomers in food samples was performed to assess exposure at these categories of 'nanoplastics', evaluating them as potential contaminants or as indicators and marker compounds of the exposure to specific nanoplastics/microplastics from polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). UHPLC-TOF-MS/MS analysis has been set-up for 10 PET and PBT oligomers and analysis has been performed in foods and drinks. Moreover, the project focused also on the effects of these oligomers in in vitro and ex vivo experiments. These data would be combined with EFSA Comprehensive Food Consumption Database, for the exposure and risk assessment of these 'Nanoplastics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Di Lonardo
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems‐National Research Council (IRET‐CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC)Piazza Marina 6190133PalermoItaly
| | - Dimitra Diamantidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI‐AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki‐Thermi RdP.O. Box 831857001ThermiGreece
| | | | - Dimitris Fatouros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of PharmacyAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki54124Greece
| | - Georgios Theodoridis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI‐AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki‐Thermi RdP.O. Box 831857001ThermiGreece
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Michailidou S, Dionysopoulos D, Papadopoulos C, Naka O, Andriotis E, Fatouros D, Tolidis K. Effect of a Diode Laser (445 nm) on Polymerization Efficiency of a Preheated Resin Composite Used for Luting of Indirect Composite Restorations. Oper Dent 2023; 48:513-523. [PMID: 37503655 DOI: 10.2341/22-065-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the polymerization efficiency of a preheated resin composite used as a luting agent for indirect restorations light-cured by a blue diode laser (445 nm). METHODS Bronze molds were used to prepare cylindrical specimens of a laboratory composite (Ceramage) with dimensions 2, 3, and 4 mm in height and 8 mm in diameter. The molds had additional height of 120 μm for the placement of the preheated resin composite. A nanohybrid resin composite (Enamel Plus HRi) was preheated at 55°C to use as a luting agent. Photopolymerization was followed for 20 seconds using three light sources: a diode laser emitting at 445 nm (SiroLaser Blue) and two light-emitting diode (LED) units (Bluephase Style and Valo). Degree of conversion (DC) of the preheated resin composite was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS The results indicated that the main effects of the analysis were significant for both material thickness (p<0.001) and polymerization method (p<0.001). The preheated resin composite was not polymerized under 4-mm-thick specimens, independent of the light-curing unit. For 2-mm material thickness, there was no difference among the three light-curing units (p=0.383), while 3-mm Bluephase Style presented very low DC. CONCLUSIONS Diode laser (445 nm) achieved better polymerization efficiency at the same fluence compared to the LED unit at 3-mm depth, implying a better mechanical behavior and potential improved adhesion of the luting material to dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Michailidou
- Stefania Michailidou, DDS, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Dionysopoulos
- *Dimitrios Dionysopoulos, PhD, MSc, DDS, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Papadopoulos
- Constantinos Papadopoulos, PhD, MSc, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - O Naka
- Olga Naka, PhD, MClinDent, DDS, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Andriotis
- Eleftherios Andriotis, PhD, MSc, MEng, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Fatouros
- Dimitrios Fatouros, PhD, MSc, BSc, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K Tolidis
- Kosmas Tolidis, PhD, MSc, DDS, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ahmad H, Ali Chohan T, Mudassir J, Mehta P, Yousef B, Zaman A, Ali A, Qutachi O, Chang MW, Fatouros D, Sohail Arshad M, Ahmad Z. Evaluation of sustained-release in-situ injectable gels, containing naproxen sodium, using in vitro, in silico and in vivo analysis. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121512. [PMID: 35085730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to fabricate naproxen sodium loaded in-situ gels of sodium alginate. Different in-situ gel forming solutions of naproxen sodium and sodium alginate were prepared and gel formation was studied in different physiological ions i.e., CaCl2 and Ca-gluconate. The prepared gel formulations were evaluated for different physical attributes such as gelation time, sol-gel fraction, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and in silico molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Drug release studies were carried out in a dialysis membrane using USP dissolution basket apparatus-I. In vivo anti-inflammatory studies were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats having carrageenan-induced hind paw inflammation. Higher polymer concentration in formulations resulted in decreased gelation time and an increased gel fraction. The ATR-FTIR and MD simulation revealed H-bonding between the alginate and naproxen sodium at 3500-3200 cm-1 with a RMSD of ∼2.8 Å and binding free energy ΔGpred (GB) = -10.93 kcal/mol. In vitro drug release studies from F8CAG suggested a sustained release of naproxen sodium. In vivo studies revealed a continuous decrease in swelling degree (≈-5.28± 0.210 mm) in inflamed hind paw of Sprague-Dawley rats over 96 h. The in-situ gel forming injectable preparation (F8CAG) offers a sustained release of naproxen sodium in the articular cavity which promises the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions such as arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ali Chohan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jahanzeb Mudassir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Prina Mehta
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Bushra Yousef
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Aliyah Zaman
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Amna Ali
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Omar Qutachi
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Ming-Wei Chang
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Co. Antrim, UK
| | | | | | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
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Calabrese G, Nesnas JJ, Barbu E, Fatouros D, Tsibouklis J. The formulation of polyhedral boranes for the boron neutron capture therapy of cancer. Drug Discov Today 2011; 17:153-9. [PMID: 21978988 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The early promise of boron neutron capture therapy as a method for the treatment of cancer has been inhibited by the inherent toxicity associated with therapeutically useful doses of ¹⁰B-containing pharmacophores, the need for target-tissue specificity and the challenges imposed by biological barriers. Although developments in the synthetic chemistry of polyhedral boranes have addressed issues of toxicity to a considerable extent, the optimisation of the transport and the delivery of boronated agents to the site of action--the subject of this review--is a challenge that is addressed by the development of innovative formulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Calabrese
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK.
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Piperoudi S, Fatouros D, Ioannou PV, Frederik P, Antimisiaris SG. Incorporation of PEG-lipids in arsonoliposomes results in formation of highly stable arsenic-containing vesicles. Chem Phys Lipids 2006; 139:96-106. [PMID: 16405880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2005.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of pegylation on the physical stability, morphology and membrane integrity of arsonoliposomes. Arsonoliposomes composed of distearoylglycerophosphocholine (DSPC), cholesterol (Chol) and the palmitoyl side chain arsonolipid (with concentrations ranging from 0 mol% [DSPC/Chol vesicles] to 53 mol% of total lipid) containing either 4 or 8 mol% DPPE-PEG2000 or DSPE-PEG2000, were prepared by sonication. Arsonoliposome membrane integrity was evaluated by measuring the retention of encapsulated calcein in vesicles (during incubation in buffer or fetal calf serum [FCS]) while physical stability was evaluated by measuring vesicle dispersion turbidity (during incubation in water or CaCl(2)). Vesicle morphology was studied by cryo-electron microscopy. Experimental results show that: (i) PEG-lipids are incorporated in arsonoliposomes (as confirmed by the vesicle zeta potential modulation), (ii) pegylation of arsonoliposomes prevents their aggregation and fusion in the presence of calcium ions and (iii) when 8 mol% of PEG-DSPE is incorporated in arsonoliposomes based on their arsonolipid content, two groups of pegylated vesicles are formed: low content arsonoliposomes (<20 mol% arsonolipid) which are highly leaky and high content arsonoliposomes (>27 mol% arsonolipid) which are highly stable (70% calcein retention after 24h incubation in fetal calf serum [FCS]). In addition to high membrane integrity, the high content pegylated arsonoliposomes are morphologically perfect round-shaped vesicles without the sharp edges typically observed with non-pegylated DSPC-containing arsonoliposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Piperoudi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26500, Patras, Greece
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Fatouros D, Gortzi O, Klepetsanis P, Antimisiaris SG, Stuart MC, Brisson A, Ioannou PV. Preparation and properties of arsonolipid containing liposomes. Chem Phys Lipids 2001; 109:75-89. [PMID: 11163346 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(00)00221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Arsonolipids are analogs of phosphonolipids which have a chemically versatile head group. In preliminary cell culture studies, liposomes composed solely of arsonolipids or of phosholipid-arsonolipid mixtures, demonstrate a specific toxicity against cancer cells (Gortzi et al., unpublished results). The possibility of using such formulations as an alternative of arsenic trioxide with or without combination of other cytostatic agents (encapsulated in their aqueous interior) prompted the investigation of their physicochemical characteristics. Herein we compared the characteristics of arsonolipid containing vesicles with different lipid compositions. Experimental results and morphological observations reveal that non-sonicated formulations have different structures and stability (when both membrane integrity and aggregation are taken into account) depending on the acyl chain length of the arsonolipid. When phospholipids and especially cholesterol are included in their membranes almost all arsonolipids studied produce more stable vesicles. An interesting aspect of these arsonolipid containing vesicles is also their negative surface charge, which may be modulated by mixing phospholipids with arsonolipids. Sonicated vesicles have smaller sizes and profoundly higher stability, especially when containing cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine mixed with arsonolipids. The only exception is that of the arsonolipid with the C(12) acyl chain which was observed to produce long tubes which break down to cubes by sonication. In conclusion, these initial studies demonstrate that sonicated vesicles composed of arsonolipid and phospholipid mixtures mixed with cholesterol posses the stability required to be used as an arsonolipid delivery system. In addition, although cryo-electron microscopy demonstrated that the sonicated vesicles are elliptical in shape, their encapsulation efficiency is not significantly lower than sonicated phospholipid liposomes. Thereby, these vesicles may be also used for the delivery of other drug molecules which can be sufficiently retained in their aqueous interior.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fatouros
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece
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Kokkona M, Kallinteri P, Fatouros D, Antimisiaris SG. Stability of SUV liposomes in the presence of cholate salts and pancreatic lipases: effect of lipid composition. Eur J Pharm Sci 2000; 9:245-52. [PMID: 10594380 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(99)00064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of bile salts (sodium cholate and sodium taurocholate), and pancreatic lipases on the structural integrity of SUV liposomes of different lipid compositions was studied. Liposomal membrane integrity was judged by bile salt or pancreatin-induced release of vesicle encapsulated 5,6-carboxyfluorescein, and vesicle size distribution before and after incubations. Bile salt concentration was 10 mM, while a saturated solution of pancreatin (mixed with equal volume of liposomes) was utilized. Results agree with earlier studies, demonstrating the instability of liposomes composed of lipids with low transition temperatures (PC and DMPC) in presence of cholates. Addition of cholesterol (1:1 lipid:chol molar ratio) does not substantially increase the encapsulated molecule retention. Nevertheless, liposomes composed of lipids with high transition temperatures (DPPC, DSPC and SM), retain significantly higher amounts of encapsulated material, under all conditions studied. Furthermore, the vesicles formed by mixing cholesterol with these lipids will possibly be sufficiently stable in the gastrointestinal tract for long periods of time. Sizing results reveal that in most cases release of encapsulated molecules is mainly caused by their leakage through holes formed on the lipid bilayer. However, in stearylamine containing DPPC and DSPC vesicles, the cholate-induced drastic decrease in vesicle size suggests total liposome disruption as the possible mechanism of encapsulated material immediate release.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kokkona
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26500, Patras, Greece
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