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Tabary M, Gheware A, Peñaloza HF, Lee JS. The matricellular protein thrombospondin-1 in lung inflammation and injury. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C857-C865. [PMID: 35912991 PMCID: PMC9467471 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00182.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Matricellular proteins comprise a diverse group of molecular entities secreted into the extracellular space. They interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM), integrins, and other cell-surface receptors, and can alter matrix strength, cell attachment to the matrix, and cell-cell adhesion. A founding member of this group is thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a high molecular-mass homotrimeric glycoprotein. Given the importance of the matrix and ECM remodeling in the lung following injury, TSP-1 has been implicated in a number of lung pathologies. This review examines the role of TSP-1 as a damage controller in the context of lung inflammation, injury resolution, and repair in noninfectious and infectious models. This review also discusses the potential role of TSP-1 in human diseases as it relates to lung inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Tabary
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Atish Gheware
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hernán F Peñaloza
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Janet S Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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2
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Smith CW. Release of α-granule contents during platelet activation. Platelets 2021; 33:491-502. [PMID: 34569425 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1913576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Upon activation, platelets release a plethora of factors which help to mediate their dynamic functions in hemostasis, inflammation, wound healing, tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. The majority of these bioactive molecules are released from α-granules, which are unique to platelets, and contain an incredibly diverse repertoire of cargo including; integral membrane proteins, pro-coagulant molecules, chemokines, mitogenic, growth and angiogenic factors, adhesion proteins, and microbicidal proteins. Clinically, activation of circulating platelets has increasingly been associated with various disease states. Biomarkers indicating the level of platelet activation in patients can therefore be useful tools to evaluate risk factors to predict future complications and determine treatment strategies or evaluate antiplatelet therapy. The irreversible nature of α-granule secretion makes it ideally suited as a marker of platelet activation. This review outlines the release and contents of platelet α-granules, as well as the membrane bound, and soluble α-granule cargo proteins that can be used as biomarkers of platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
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3
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Seif K, Alidzanovic L, Tischler B, Ibrahim N, Zagrapan B, Rauscher S, Salzmann M, Hell L, Mauracher LM, Budde U, Schmid JA, Jilma B, Pabinger I, Assinger A, Starlinger P, Brostjan C. Neutrophil-Mediated Proteolysis of Thrombospondin-1 Promotes Platelet Adhesion and String Formation. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118:2074-2085. [PMID: 30419595 PMCID: PMC6298231 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is primarily expressed by platelets and endothelial cells (ECs) and rapidly released upon their activation. It functions in haemostasis as a bridging molecule in platelet aggregation, by promoting platelet adhesion to collagen and by protecting von Willebrand factor strings from degradation. In blood of patients undergoing surgery and in co-cultures of neutrophils with platelets or ECs, we observed proteolysis of the 185 kDa full-length TSP-1 to a 160-kDa isoform. We hypothesized that TSP-1 processing may alter its haemostatic properties. Selective enzyme inhibitors in co-cultures revealed that neutrophil proteases elastase and cathepsin G mediate TSP-1 processing. The cut site of cathepsin G was mapped to TSP-1 amino acids R237/T238 by Edman sequencing. Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps protected TSP-1 from complete degradation and promoted controlled processing to the 160-kDa isoform. Haemostatic properties were tested by platelet aggregation, adhesion, coagulation and string formation under flow. Platelets from TSP-1 deficient mice did not differ from wild-type in platelet aggregation but showed severe impairment of platelet adhesion to collagen and string formation under flow. Reconstitution experiments revealed that the 160-kDa TSP-1 isoform was markedly more potent than the 185-kDa full-length molecule in restoring function. Thus, TSP-1 processing by neutrophil proteases yields a 160-kDa isoform which shows enhanced potency to promote platelet adhesion and string formation. This finding reveals a novel mechanism of neutrophil-mediated thrombus formation and provides first evidence for the impact of TSP-1 proteolysis on its haemostatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Seif
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lejla Alidzanovic
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Tischler
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nahla Ibrahim
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Branislav Zagrapan
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Rauscher
- Core Facility Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Hell
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa-Marie Mauracher
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes A Schmid
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Pabinger
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Rogers NM, Ghimire K, Calzada MJ, Isenberg JS. Matricellular protein thrombospondin-1 in pulmonary hypertension: multiple pathways to disease. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:858-868. [PMID: 28472457 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are secreted molecules that have affinities for both extracellular matrix and cell surface receptors. Through interaction with structural proteins and the cells that maintain the matrix these proteins can alter matrix strength. Matricellular proteins exert control on cell activity primarily through engagement of membrane receptors that mediate outside-in signaling. An example of this group is thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), first identified as a component of the secreted product of activated platelets. As a result, TSP1 was initially studied in relation to coagulation, growth factor signaling and angiogenesis. More recently, TSP1 has been found to alter the effects of the gaseous transmitter nitric oxide (NO). This latter capacity has provided motivation to study TSP1 in diseases associated with loss of NO signaling as observed in cardiovascular disease and pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH is characterized by progressive changes in the pulmonary vasculature leading to increased resistance to blood flow and subsequent right heart failure. Studies have linked TSP1 to pre-clinical animal models of PH and more recently to clinical PH. This review will provide analysis of the vascular and non-vascular effects of TSP1 that contribute to PH, the experimental and translational studies that support a role for TSP1 in disease promotion and frame the relevance of these findings to therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Rogers
- Medicine, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Kedar Ghimire
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Maria J Calzada
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Diego de León, Hospital Universitario of the Princesa, 62?28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeffrey S Isenberg
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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5
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Qu Y, Olonisakin T, Bain W, Zupetic J, Brown R, Hulver M, Xiong Z, Tejero J, Shanks RM, Bomberger JM, Cooper VS, Zegans ME, Ryu H, Han J, Pilewski J, Ray A, Cheng Z, Ray P, Lee JS. Thrombospondin-1 protects against pathogen-induced lung injury by limiting extracellular matrix proteolysis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96914. [PMID: 29415890 PMCID: PMC5821195 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix proteolysis and neutrophilic inflammation. A major risk factor for lung injury is bacterial pneumonia. However, host factors that protect against pathogen-induced and host-sustained proteolytic injury following infection are poorly understood. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a major cause of nosocomial pneumonia and secretes proteases to amplify tissue injury. We show that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a matricellular glycoprotein released during inflammation, dose-dependently inhibits PA metalloendoprotease LasB, a virulence factor. TSP-1-deficient (Thbs1-/-) mice show reduced survival, impaired host defense, and increased lung permeability with exaggerated neutrophil activation following acute intrapulmonary PA infection. Administration of TSP-1 from platelets corrects the impaired host defense and aberrant injury in Thbs1-/- mice. Although TSP-1 is cleaved into 2 fragments by PA, TSP-1 substantially inhibits Pseudomonas elastolytic activity. Administration of LasB inhibitor, genetic disabling of the PA type II secretion system, or functional deletion of LasB improves host defense and neutrophilic inflammation in mice. Moreover, TSP-1 provides an additional line of defense by directly subduing host-derived proteolysis, with dose-dependent inhibition of neutrophil elastase from airway neutrophils of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Thus, a host matricellular protein provides dual levels of protection against pathogen-initiated and host-sustained proteolytic injury following microbial trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Qu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Tolani Olonisakin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - William Bain
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jill Zupetic
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Mei Hulver
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Zeyu Xiong
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jesus Tejero
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert M.Q. Shanks
- Department of Ophthalmology, and
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Bomberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vaughn S. Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael E. Zegans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Jongyoon Han
- Research Laboratory of Electronics
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Prabir Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Janet S. Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Lung inflammation promotes metastasis through neutrophil protease-mediated degradation of Tsp-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:16000-5. [PMID: 26668367 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507294112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is inextricably associated with primary tumor progression. However, the contribution of inflammation to tumor outgrowth in metastatic organs has remained underexplored. Here, we show that extrinsic inflammation in the lungs leads to the recruitment of bone marrow-derived neutrophils, which degranulate azurophilic granules to release the Ser proteases, elastase and cathepsin G, resulting in the proteolytic destruction of the antitumorigenic factor thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1). Genetic ablation of these neutrophil proteases protected Tsp-1 from degradation and suppressed lung metastasis. These results provide mechanistic insights into the contribution of inflammatory neutrophils to metastasis and highlight the unique neutrophil protease-Tsp-1 axis as a potential antimetastatic therapeutic target.
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7
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Thrombospondin-1 restrains neutrophil granule serine protease function and regulates the innate immune response during Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:896-905. [PMID: 25492474 PMCID: PMC4465063 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE) and cathepsin G (CG) contribute to intracellular microbial killing but, if left unchecked and released extracellularly, promote tissue damage. Conversely, mechanisms that constrain neutrophil serine protease activity protect against tissue damage but may have the untoward effect of disabling the microbial killing arsenal. The host elaborates thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a matricellular protein released during inflammation, but its role during neutrophil activation following microbial pathogen challenge remains uncertain. Mice deficient in TSP-1 (thbs1(-/-)) showed enhanced lung bacterial clearance, reduced splenic dissemination, and increased survival compared with wild-type (WT) controls during intrapulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. More effective pathogen containment was associated with reduced burden of inflammation in thbs1(-/-) mouse lungs compared with WT controls. Lung NE activity was increased in thbs1(-/-) mice following K. pneumoniae challenge, and thbs1(-/-) neutrophils showed enhanced intracellular microbial killing that was abrogated with recombinant TSP-1 administration or WT serum. Thbs1(-/-) neutrophils exhibited enhanced NE and CG enzymatic activity, and a peptide corresponding to amino-acid residues 793-801 within the type-III repeat domain of TSP-1 bridled neutrophil proteolytic function and microbial killing in vitro. Thus, TSP-1 restrains proteolytic action during neutrophilic inflammation elicited by K. pneumoniae, providing a mechanism that may regulate the microbial killing arsenal.
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8
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Takawale A, Sakamuri SS, Kassiri Z. Extracellular Matrix Communication and Turnover in Cardiac Physiology and Pathology. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:687-719. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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9
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is best known for its function as a structural scaffold for the tissue and more recently as a microenvironment to sequester growth factors and cytokines allowing for rapid and localized changes in their activity in the absence of new protein synthesis. In this review, we explore this and additional new aspects of ECM function in mediating cell-to-cell communications. Fibrillar and nonfibrillar components of ECM can limit and facilitate the transport of molecules through the extracellular space while also regulating interstitial hydrostatic pressure. In turn, transmembrane communications via molecules, such as ECM metalloproteinase inducer, thrombospondins, and integrins, can further mediate cell response to extracellular cues and affect ECM composition and tissue remodeling. Other means of cell-to-cell communication include extracellular microRNA transport and its contribution to gene expression in target cells and the nanotube formation between distant cells, which has recently emerged as a novel conduit for intercellular organelle sharing thereby influencing cell survival and function. The information summarized and discussed here are not limited to the cardiovascular ECM but encompass ECM in general with specific references to the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fan
- From the Department of Physiology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (D.F., Z.K.); and Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.C.)
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10
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Sweetwyne MT, Murphy-Ullrich JE. Thrombospondin1 in tissue repair and fibrosis: TGF-β-dependent and independent mechanisms. Matrix Biol 2012; 31:178-86. [PMID: 22266026 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) plays major roles in both physiologic and pathologic tissue repair. TSP1 through its type 1 repeats is a known regulator of latent TGF-β activation and plays a role in wound healing and fibrosis. Binding of the TSP N-terminal domain to cell surface calreticulin in complex with LDL-receptor related protein 1 stimulates intermediate cell adhesion, cell migration, anoikis resistance, collagen expression and matrix deposition in an in vivo model of the foreign body response. There is also emerging evidence that TSP EGF-like repeats alter endothelial cell-cell interactions and stimulate epithelial migration through transactivation of EGF receptors. The mechanisms underlying these functions of TSP1 and the implications for physiologic and pathologic wound repair and fibrosis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya T Sweetwyne
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
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11
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Sweetwyne MT, Pallero MA, Lu A, Van Duyn Graham L, Murphy-Ullrich JE. The calreticulin-binding sequence of thrombospondin 1 regulates collagen expression and organization during tissue remodeling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:1710-24. [PMID: 20724603 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids 17-35 of the thrombospondin1 (TSP1) N-terminal domain (NTD) bind cell surface calreticulin to signal focal adhesion disassembly, cell migration, and anoikis resistance in vitro. However, the in vivo relevance of this signaling pathway has not been previously determined. We engineered local in vivo expression of the TSP1 calreticulin-binding sequence to determine the role of TSP1 in tissue remodeling. Surgical sponges impregnated with a plasmid encoding the secreted calreticulin-binding sequence [NTD (1-35)-EGFP] or a control sequence [mod NTD (1-35)-EGFP] tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein were implanted subcutaneously in mice. Sponges expressing NTD (1-35)-EFGP formed a highly organized capsule despite no differences in cellular composition, suggesting stimulation of collagen deposition by the calreticulin-binding sequence of TSP1. TSP1, recombinant NTD, or a peptide of the TSP1 calreticulin-binding sequence (hep I) increased both collagen expression and matrix deposition by fibroblasts in vitro. TSP1 stimulation of collagen was inhibited by a peptide that blocks TSP1 binding to calreticulin, demonstrating the requirement for cell surface calreticulin. Collagen stimulation was independent of TGF-β activity and Smad phosphorylation but was blocked by an Akt inhibitor, suggesting that signaling through the Akt pathway is important for regulation of collagen through TSP1 binding to calreticulin. These studies identify a novel function for the NTD of TSP1 as a mediator of collagen expression and deposition during tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya T Sweetwyne
- Departments of Cell Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019, USA
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12
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Thrombospondin-1 as a Paradigm for the Development of Antiangiogenic Agents Endowed with Multiple Mechanisms of Action. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:1241-1278. [PMID: 27713299 PMCID: PMC4034032 DOI: 10.3390/ph3041241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled neovascularization occurs in several angiogenesis-dependent diseases, including cancer. Neovascularization is tightly controlled by the balance between angiogenic growth factors and antiangiogenic agents. The various natural angiogenesis inhibitors identified so far affect neovascularization by different mechanisms of action. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a matricellular modular glycoprotein that acts as a powerful endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis. It acts both indirectly, by sequestering angiogenic growth factors and effectors in the extracellular environment, and directly, by inducing an antiangiogenic program in endothelial cells following engagement of specific receptors including CD36, CD47, integrins and proteoglycans (all involved in angiogenesis ). In view of its central, multifaceted role in angiogenesis, TSP-1 has served as a source of antiangiogenic tools, including TSP-1 fragments, synthetic peptides and peptidomimetics, gene therapy strategies, and agents that up-regulate TSP-1 expression. This review discusses TSP-1-based inhibitors of angiogenesis, their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential, drawing our experience with angiogenic growth factor-interacting TSP-1 peptides, and the possibility of exploiting them to design novel antiangiogenic agents.
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13
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Congote LF, Sadvakassova G, Dobocan MC, Difalco MR, Kriazhev L. Biological activities and molecular interactions of the C-terminal residue of thrombospondin-4, an epitome of acidic amphipathic peptides. Peptides 2010; 31:723-35. [PMID: 20006665 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
C21, the C-terminal residue of thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4), was identified as a peptide growth factor during an investigation concerning erythropoietin-dependent, erythroid stimulating factors of endothelial origin. It is active in cultures of several human hematopoietic stem cells, skin fibroblasts and kidney epithelial cells and stimulates red cell formation in anemic mice. A method of affinity chromatography in the presence of high concentrations of Triton X-100, previously developed for identifying proteins associated with the TSP-1 receptor CD47, was utilized for the detection of C21 binding molecules and their detergent-resistant, associated partners. These experiments helped to delineate two different mechanisms of C21 action, which are compatible with its cell proliferating activity. As a cell matrix peptide, C21 binds to the osteopontin receptor CD44 and could act as an osteopontin antagonist, preventing the inhibition of primitive hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. TSP-1, another matrix protein, binds to C21 and could indirectly act as an antagonist, by shunting C21-CD44 interactions. The second mechanism is a direct effect of C21 on cell proliferation. The extremely rapid internalization and nuclear localization of the peptide could be explained by CD44-mediated internalization, followed by a microtubule-mediated transport towards the nucleus, or, eventually, direct membrane insertion. These alternative hypotheses are supported by previously observed membrane insertion of similar synthetic and viral acidic amphipathic peptides, the presence of microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) and dynactin in the triton-soluble complexes associated with C21 and the presence in such complexes of dual compartment proteins for nuclei and plasma membranes, such as MAP1B, AHNAK and CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Congote
- Endocrine Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, 687 Avenue des Pins, Ouest, Montreal, Canada H3A 1A1.
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14
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Abstract
Thrombospondins are large secreted, multimodular, calcium-binding glycoproteins that have complex roles in mediating cellular processes. Determination of high-resolution structures of thrombospondins has revealed unique and interesting protein motifs. Here, we review this progress and discuss implications for function. By combining structures of modules from thrombospondins and related extracellular proteins it is now possible to prepare an overall model of the structure of thrombospondin-1 and thrombospondin-2 and discern features of other thrombospondins. (Part of a multi-author Review).
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Affiliation(s)
- C. B. Carlson
- Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, 1300 University Avenue, 4285 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - J. Lawler
- Division of Cancer Biology and Angiogenesis, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Research North 270C, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - D. F. Mosher
- Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, 1300 University Avenue, 4285 Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA
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15
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Adams JC, Bentley AA, Kvansakul M, Hatherley D, Hohenester E. Extracellular matrix retention of thrombospondin 1 is controlled by its conserved C-terminal region. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:784-95. [PMID: 18285447 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.021006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondins (TSPs) are an evolutionarily ancient family of extracellular calcium-binding glycoproteins. The five mammalian TSPs collectively have important roles in angiogenesis and vascular biology, synaptogenesis, wound repair and connective tissue organisation. Their complex functions relate to the multiple postsecretion fates of TSPs that can involve endocytic uptake, proteolysis or retention within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Surprisingly, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which TSPs become retained within the ECM are poorly understood. We hypothesised that the highly conserved TSP C-terminal domain mediates ECM retention. We report that ECM incorporation as insoluble punctate deposits is an evolutionarily conserved property of TSPs. ECM retention of TSP1 is mediated by the C-terminal region in trimeric form, and not by C-terminal monomer or trimers of the N-terminal domain or type 1 repeats. Using a novel mRFP-tagged TSP1 C-terminal trimer, we demonstrate that ECM retention involves the RGD site and a novel site in the L-lectin domain with structural similarity to the ligand-binding site of cargo transport proteins. CD47 and beta1 integrins are dispensable for ECM retention, but beta1 integrins enhance activity. These novel data advance concepts of the molecular processes that lead to ECM retention of TSP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C Adams
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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16
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Rico MC, Castaneda JL, Manns JM, Uknis AB, Sainz IM, Safadi FF, Popoff SN, Dela Cadena RA. Amelioration of inflammation, angiogenesis and CTGF expression in an arthritis model by a TSP1-derived peptide treatment. J Cell Physiol 2007; 211:504-12. [PMID: 17219411 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a thrombospondin 1 (TSP1)-derived peptide on inflammation and angiogenesis in an animal model of erosive arthritis and to assess the relationship between TSP1 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Erosive arthritis in Lewis rats was induced by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS). Animals were divided into four groups: (1) negative control and groups receiving, (2) no treatment, (3) treatment with a TSP1-derived peptide, and (4) treatment with a scrambled peptide. Samples obtained from ankle joint, spleen and liver were studied using histology, histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS Histological data indicated that the TSP1-derived peptide treatment decreased neovascularization, leukocyte infiltration and thickening of the synovial lining of the joint, and reduced granuloma formation in the spleen and liver when compared to control groups. Higher concentrations of CTGF and TSP1 proteins were observed in the affected areas of animals which did not receive TSP1-derived peptide treatment. Also, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR analyses showed an increase in CTGF protein expression and regulation, respectively, in the tissues of untreated animals when compared to the TSP1-derived peptide treated animals. By immunofluorescence, TSP1 expression was decreased in the TSP1-derived peptide treated animals. Moreover, macrophage/monocyte-specific staining revealed a decrease in cell infiltration in the articular tissue of the TSP1-derived peptide treated animals. CONCLUSION Both inflammation and angiogenesis were decreased after TSP1-derived peptide treatment indicating a potential pathway by which TSP1 interaction with neutrophils induces CTGF in RA affected tissues.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Ankle Joint/drug effects
- Ankle Joint/pathology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Cartilage, Articular/drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor
- Female
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Granuloma/drug therapy
- Granuloma/metabolism
- Hepatomegaly/drug therapy
- Hepatomegaly/metabolism
- Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics
- Immediate-Early Proteins/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Leukocytes/drug effects
- Leukocytes/pathology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/chemically induced
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Peptides/therapeutic use
- Peptidoglycan
- Polysaccharides
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Splenomegaly/drug therapy
- Splenomegaly/metabolism
- Thrombospondin 1/metabolism
- Thrombospondin 1/pharmacology
- Thrombospondin 1/therapeutic use
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario C Rico
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Isordia-Salas I, Manns JM, Sainz I, Parekh H, DeLa Cadena RA. Thromsbospondin-1 binds to the heavy chain of elastase activated coagulation factor V (FVaHNE) and enhances thrombin generation on the surface of a promyelocytic cell line. Thromb Res 2005; 116:533-43. [PMID: 16181989 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2004] [Revised: 02/24/2005] [Accepted: 02/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) has the ability to bind to HL-60 cells and to reversibly inhibit human neutrophil elastase (HNE). Human factor V (FV) can be cleaved by HNE thereby providing FV with cofactor activity (FVa(HNE)). Experiments were performed to evaluate the ability of HNE expressed on the surface of HL-60 cells to generate FVa(HNE) to support thrombin generation, and to determine the effect of TSP1 on this reaction. RESULTS Western blot analysis showed TSP1 forming a complex with FVa(HNE) within a region corresponding to the heavy chain of FV. Enzymatic reactions were performed to determine the role of TSP1-HNE-FVa(HNE) on the surface of HL-60 cells, namely the assembly of the prothrombinase complex. Thrombin generation was measured by the chromogenic substrate S2238. Exposure of factor V to HL-60 cells prior to the addition of prothrombin and activated factor X provided FV with cofactor activity. HL-60 cells were found capable of synthesizing factor V with cofactor activity, but HL-60 cells failed to synthesize and/or to provide factor X with enzymatic activity. The ability of HL-60 cells to synthesize FV and TSP1 was demonstrated. The addition of exogenous TSP1 enhanced both the rate and amount of thrombin generated on the HL-60 cell surface. CONCLUSION Despite the ability of TSP1 to reversibly inhibit HNE in a purified system, TSP1 expression favors the reactions leading to thrombin generation on the HL-60 cell surface. These observations are relevant to clinical conditions where there is a prothrombotic state such as malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Isordia-Salas
- Temple University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, 3400 North Broad Street Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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18
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Adams JC. Functions of the conserved thrombospondin carboxy-terminal cassette in cell-extracellular matrix interactions and signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2004; 36:1102-14. [PMID: 15094125 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Revised: 01/12/2004] [Accepted: 01/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondins (TSPs) are extracellular, multidomain, calcium-binding glycoproteins that function at cell surfaces, in extracellular matrix (ECM) and as bridging molecules in cell-cell interactions. TSPs are multifunctional and modulate cell behavior during development, wound-healing, immune response, tumor growth and in the homeostasis of adult tissues. TSPs are assembled as oligomers that are composed of homologous polypeptides. In all the TSP polypeptides, the most highly-conserved region is the carboxyl-region, which contains a characteristic set of domains comprising EGF domains, TSP type 3 repeats and a globular carboxy-terminal domain. This large region is termed here the thrombospondin carboxy-terminal cassette (TSP-CTC). The strong conservation of the TSP-CTC suggests that it may mediate ancestral functions that are shared by all TSPs. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the TSP-CTC and areas of future interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C Adams
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, NC1-110, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Iruela-Arispe ML, Luque A, Lee N. Thrombospondin modules and angiogenesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2004; 36:1070-8. [PMID: 15094121 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2003] [Revised: 01/25/2004] [Accepted: 01/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a complex, multifactorial process that involves signals from endothelial cells and from the stoma. Extracellular matrix proteins participate in the modulation of growth factor response, contribute to the architecture of the vasculature and provide signals for the stabilization of mature capillary beds. The identification of the relevant extracellular matrix molecules and the characterization of their effects has been a central focus of research in vascular biology. Thrombospondin-1 is an extracellular glycoprotein first to be recognized as an inhibitor of angiogenesis more than a decade ago. Since then, much has been learned about its ability to regulate vascular growth in several angiogenesis models, functional domains have been identified, and mechanisms of action determined. This review summarizes current understanding on the effects of thrombospondin-1 and -2 during the process of angiogenesis. We will also extend our comments to ADAMTS1, a member of a relatively novel group of matrix metalloproteinases with thrombospondin repeats and shown to affect endothelial cell function and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Thrombospondins are secreted, multidomain macromolecules that act as regulators of cell interactions in vertebrates. Gene knockout mice constructed for two members of this family demonstrate roles in the organization and homeostasis of multiple tissues, with particularly significant activities in the regulation of angiogenesis. This review discusses the functions of thrombospondins with regard to their cellular mechanisms of action and highlights recent advances in understanding how multifactorial molecular interactions, at the cell surface and within extracellular matrix, produce cell-type-specific effects on cell behavior and the organization of matrix and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Adams
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Lawler J, Miao WM, Duquette M, Bouck N, Bronson RT, Hynes RO. Thrombospondin-1 gene expression affects survival and tumor spectrum of p53-deficient mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2001; 159:1949-56. [PMID: 11696456 PMCID: PMC1867067 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo data indicate that thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) inhibits tumor progression in several ways including direct effects on cellular growth and apoptosis in the stromal compartment. To evaluate the importance of TSP1 for the progression of naturally arising tumors in vivo, we have crossed TSP1-deficient mice with p53-deficient mice. In p53-null mice, the absence of TSP1 decreases survival from 160 +/- 52 days to 149 +/- 42 days. A log-rank test comparing survival curves for these two populations yields a two-sided P value of 0.0272. For mice that are heterozygous for the p53-null allele, survival is 500 +/- 103 days in the presence of TSP1 expression, and 426 +/- 125 days in its absence (P = 0.0058). Whereas TSP1 expression did not cause a measurable change in the incidence of the majority of tumor types, a statistically significant (P < or = 0.05) decrease in the incidence of osteosarcomas is observed in the absence of TSP1. To determine more directly if host TSP1 inhibits tumor growth, B16F10 melanoma and F9 testicular teratocarcinoma cells have been implanted in C57BL/6J and 129Sv TSP1-null mice, respectively. The B16F10 tumors grow approximately twice as fast in the TSP1-null background and exhibit an increase in vascular density, a decrease in the rate of tumor cell apoptosis, and an increase in the rate of tumor cell proliferation. Increased tumor growth is also observed in the absence of TSP1 on the 129Sv genetic background. These data indicate that endogenous host TSP1 functions as a modifier or landscaper gene to suppress tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lawler
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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