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Cohen LD, Ziv T, Ziv NE. Synapse integrity and function: Dependence on protein synthesis and identification of potential failure points. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1038614. [PMID: 36583084 PMCID: PMC9792512 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1038614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic integrity and function depend on myriad proteins - labile molecules with finite lifetimes that need to be continually replaced with freshly synthesized copies. Here we describe experiments designed to expose synaptic (and neuronal) properties and functions that are particularly sensitive to disruptions in protein supply, identify proteins lost early upon such disruptions, and uncover potential, yet currently underappreciated failure points. We report here that acute suppressions of protein synthesis are followed within hours by reductions in spontaneous network activity levels, impaired oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function, and, importantly, destabilization and loss of both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic specializations. Conversely, gross impairments in presynaptic vesicle recycling occur over longer time scales (days), as does overt cell death. Proteomic analysis identified groups of potentially essential 'early-lost' proteins including regulators of synapse stability, proteins related to bioenergetics, fatty acid and lipid metabolism, and, unexpectedly, numerous proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease pathology and amyloid beta processing. Collectively, these findings point to neuronal excitability, energy supply and synaptic stability as early-occurring failure points under conditions of compromised supply of newly synthesized protein copies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie D. Cohen
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Institute and Network Biology Research Laboratories, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Ziv
- Smoler Proteomics Center, Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noam E. Ziv
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Institute and Network Biology Research Laboratories, Haifa, Israel,*Correspondence: Noam E. Ziv,
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Lenk R, Penman S. Morphological studies of cells grown in the absence of mitochondrial-specific protein synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 49:541-6. [PMID: 19866781 PMCID: PMC2108323 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.49.2.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Lenk
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Literaturverzeichnis. Acta Otolaryngol 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/00016487709139418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chapman D. Protein-lipid interactions. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2008; 7:261-88. [PMID: 4592575 DOI: 10.1002/9780470719909.ch15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Das SK, Ghosh S, Mukherjee S. Role of thyroid hormone in de novo synthesis of cholinephosphotransferase in guinea pig lung mitochondria and microsomes. Exp Lung Res 1993; 19:685-97. [PMID: 8281914 DOI: 10.3109/01902149309064365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
It is known that thyroid hormone enhances the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine in the lung. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of thyroid hormone on the activity of cholinephosphotransferase, the terminal enzyme in the CDP-choline pathway, in guinea pig lung mitochondria and microsomes. Intramuscular injection of triiodothyronine (T3, 0.25-4 mg/kg body wt) stimulated the activities of both mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. However, the stimulation was much more pronounced in the microsomes than in the mitochondria. The stimulatory effect of T3 was blocked by the intraperitoneal injection of both actinomycin D and cycloheximide in the microsomes, whereas in the mitochondria, the hormonal effect was blocked only by cycloheximide. Thus, it is suggested that T3 stimulates not only the nucleocytoplasmic system for the de novo synthesis of the enzyme, but possibly also the regulation of the transport of the synthesized protein into the mitochondria. Furthermore, administration of T3 produced an increase in the uptake and incorporation of [14C]choline into phospholipids of lung slices in vitro. However, this effect was blocked by intraperitoneal injection of both actinomycin D and cycloheximide. Thus, the change in CPT activity by T3 in mitochondria is not reflected by enhanced incorporation of choline into phosphatidylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
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Abstract
We investigated the effect of T-2 toxin on rat liver mitochondrial protein synthesis. Isolated rat liver mitochondria were supplemented with an S-100 supernatant from rat liver and an external ATP-generating system. We used an in vitro assay employing cycloheximide, an inhibitor of cytoplasmic protein synthesis, and chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis, to distinguish mitochondrial protein synthesis from the cytoplasmic process. Amino acid incorporation into mitochondria was dependent on the concentration of mitochondria and was inhibited by chloramphenicol. The rate of uptake of [3H]leucine into mitochondrial protein was unaffected by the addition of T-2 toxin and was not a rate-limiting step in incorporation. However, 0.02 micrograms/ml of T-2 toxin decreased the rate of protein synthesis by isolated mitochondria by 50%. The degree of protein synthesis inhibition correlated with the amount of T-2 toxin taken up by the mitochondria. While T-2 toxin is known to inhibit eukaryotic protein synthesis, this is the first time T-2 was shown to inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Pace
- Pathophysiology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701-5011
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Nair N, Kurup CK. Effect of administration of diethylhexyl phthalate on the function and turnover of rat hepatic mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1987; 925:332-40. [PMID: 3040113 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(87)90199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Administration of the widely used plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (2% w/w) in the diet to the rat caused proliferation of mitochondria in the liver. The number of mitochondria as well as the amount of protein recovered in the organellar fraction was doubled. Mitochondria isolated from the livers of treated animals showed decreased (50%) respiratory activity. The content and activity of cytochrome oxidase were also decreased. The specific incorporation of amino acids into the proteins of whole liver and of mitochondria was not increased in plasticizer-treated animals. Isolated mitochondria also did not show any difference in the rate of incorporation of amino acids into proteins. The half-lives of whole liver proteins and of mitochondria were increased in plasticizer-fed animals. The half-life of cytochrome oxidase, however, was unaffected by the treatment. The pattern of double labeling of mitochondrial proteins confirmed decreased turnover in plasticizer-treated animals.
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Mitema ES, Musewe VO. Effects of chronic chloramphenicol administration on weight gains and serum cortisol levels in calves. THE BRITISH VETERINARY JOURNAL 1984; 140:437-43. [PMID: 6487993 DOI: 10.1016/0007-1935(84)90037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Deutsch PJ, Rosen OM, Rubin CS. Identification and characterization of a latent pool of insulin receptors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)83783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Gellerfors P, Lindén M. Biogenesis of the outer mitochondrial membrane in isolated rat hepatocytes. FEBS Lett 1981; 127:91-3. [PMID: 7250379 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)80348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abou-Khalil S, Salem Z, Abou-Khalil WH, Yunis AA. On the mechanisms of erythroid cell sensitivity to chloramphenicol: studies on mitochondria isolated from erythroid and myeloid tumors. Arch Biochem Biophys 1981; 206:242-8. [PMID: 6939411 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ottaway JH, McClellan JA, Saunderson CL. Succinic thiokinase and metabolic control. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1981; 13:401-10. [PMID: 6263728 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(81)90111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Bouhnik J, Clot JP, Baudry M, Michel R. Early effects of thyroidectomy and triiodothyronine administration on rat-liver mitochondria. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1979; 15:1-12. [PMID: 226438 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(79)90065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This work was undertaken to study the action exerted by thyroid hormones on mitochondria. By day 6 after thyroidectomy, the respective activities of two inner-membrane enzymes--succinate and beta-hydroxybutyrate cytochrome c reductases--had already dropped by 32 and 50%, whereas, in the outer membrane, the activity of rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase did not change significantly. The decrease in the activity of the inner-membrane enzymes closely followed the disappearance of T3 and T4 from serum. 10 h after administration of 25 micrograms/100 g T3 to thyroidectomized rats, the activity of succinate and beta-hydroxybutyrate cytochrome c reductases and the oxygen consumption rate with succinate or beta-hydroxybutyrate were significantly increased, while, in the outer membrane, the activity of monoamine oxidase and rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase remained unchanged. In the thyroidectomized rat, L-[3H]leucine incorporation in vivo is diminished in all the liver mitochondrial proteins, and especially in two constituents of MW 19 000 and 28 000. The radioactivity of these two components is also decreased in the normal rat treated with chloramphenicol, a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis. L-[14C]leucine incorporation in isolated liver mitochondria was significantly increased in the thyroidectomized rat, 10 h after T3 treatment. Thus, thyroid hormones have an early and preferential action on the mitochondrial protein synthesizing system and on the inner-membrane enzyme activities.
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Haggag HF, Ganguli NC. Incorporation of amino acids by isolated submitochondrial fractions of lactating goat mammary gland in vitro. J Dairy Sci 1978; 61:1384-91. [PMID: 101564 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(78)83739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of amino acids by mitochondria and its subfractions from mammary gland of the goat during lactation was studied in vitro. Assessment of distribution of radioactivity incorporated by intact mitochondria into its subfractions revealed maximum specific activity in the inner membrane. During lactation the inner membrane of mitochondria exhibited further stimulation in such incorporation. Matrix was the next active fraction whereas outer membrane and peripheral space had negligible radioactivity. In isolated submitochondrial fractions from mammary gland incubated with radioactive amino acids under similar conditions of assay, the inner membrane was the most potent subfraction in incorporation. In mammary tissue during lactation this fraction was the most active site. The relative sequence of the subfractions appeared to remain unaltered in lactation and was in the order of inner membrane greater than matrix greater than outer membrane greater than peripheral space. The ratio of specific activity in inner to outer membrane appears to increase significantly during lactation.
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Mazzocchi G, Neri G, Robba C, Belloni AS, Mussdorfer GG. Investigations on the turnover of adrenocortical mitochondria. X. A correlated biochemical stereological study of the effects of chronic treatment with chloramphenicol on the mitochondria of the rat zona fasciculata. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 1978; 153:67-79. [PMID: 707311 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001530105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of chloramphenicol (CAP) on rat adrenocortical cells were investigated by biochemical and stereological methods. It was found that administering 50mg/kg of CAP every 12 hours provoked a persistent inhibition of the incorporation of 3H-leucine into mitochondrial proteins. Chronic treatment (up to 15 consecutive days) with this dose of CAP induced a significant decrease in the volume of the mitochondrial compartment, in the surface area of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes and in the number of mitochondria per cell. These results confirm the hypothesis that the ACTH-induced maintenance of adrenocortical mitochondrial growth requires continuous mitochondrial DNA-dependent protein synthesis.
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Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH. Physiologic and biochemical actions of thyroid hormone. PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS. PART B: GENERAL & SYSTEMATIC PHARMACOLOGY 1978; 3:349-76. [PMID: 203955 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-039x(78)80002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Négrié C, Bouhnik J, Michel O, Michel R. Electrophoretic analysis and cytochrome P450 contents of bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria and of their subfractions. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 8:1065-70. [PMID: 199796 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(77)90275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wedege E, Luqmani Y, Bradford HF. Stimulated incorporation of amino acids into proteins of synaptosomal fractions induced by depolarizing treatments. J Neurochem 1977; 29:527-37. [PMID: 894308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Poduslo SE, McKhann GM. Maintenance of neurons isolated in bulk from rat brain: incorporation of radiolabeled substrates. Brain Res 1977; 132:107-20. [PMID: 890469 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(77)90709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurons isolated in bulk from 10- to 15-day-old rat brain can be maintained for 18--24 h. Phase microscopy shows that the cells remain morphologically intact during this time. As a criterion of viability, the incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids and uridine into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material was selected. The cells are capable of the incorporation both after isolation and after maintenance. The uptake is constant with time, is proportional to substrate concentration, and is inhibited by puromycin and cycloheximide, but not by chloramphenicol. Thus the cells remain viable during this maintenance period. This system may provide a model for the study of the synthesis of specific neuronal components.
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Nicoletti M, Guerri C, Grisolia S. Turnover of carbamyl-phosphate synthase, of other mitochondrial enzymes and of rat tissues. Effect of diet and of thyroidectomy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 75:583-92. [PMID: 195806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Falke HE, Huijmans JG, Degenhart HJ. Different effects of cycloheximide and chloramphenicol on corticosterone production by isolated rat adrenal cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1976; 4:331-9. [PMID: 181283 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(76)90049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cycloheximide and chloramphenicol both inhibit the stimulating effect of adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on adrenal steroid production. To test whether these inhibitors had andy effect on adrenal steroid production, independent fromthe mechanism of action of ACTH we investigated their effect on the conversion of 25-hydroxycholesterol into corticosterone in isolated rat adrenal cells. Cycloheximide, both in the absence and in the presence of ACTH, had no effect on this conversion. Chloramphenicol inhibited the conversion of 25-hydroxycholesterol into corticosterone whether ACTH has no direct efeect on the cholesterol side-chain cleaving system. The inhibition by chloramphenicol of the ACTH-stimulated steroid production is at least partly due to inhibition of one or more of the processes involved in the conversion of 25-hydroxycholesterol into corticosterone.
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La Farnia M, Zizzo F, Mutolo V. Mitochondrial RNA synthesis in rat liver. Dependence on nuclear and cytoplasmic systems. Exp Cell Res 1976; 99:269-77. [PMID: 1269529 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(76)90583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ibrahim NG, Beattie DS. Regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis at the polyribosomal level. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kuzela S, Krempaský V, Kolarov J, Ujházy V. Formation, size, and solubility in chloroform/methanol of products of protein synthesis in isolated mitochondria of rat liver and Zajdela hepatoma. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 58:483-9. [PMID: 241644 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The number, size, solubility in chloroform/methanol and some aspects of the formation of the components labeled by radioactive amino acids in isolated mitochondria of rat liver and Zajdela hepatoma were studied. Isolated mitochondria were labeled with radioactive amino acids under various conditions, and the distribution of radioactivity in sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis of mitochondrial membrane fraction was analysed. 1. Isolated mitochondria of rat liver and Zajdela hepatoma incroporated radioactive amino acids almost exclusively into the membrane fraction. Electrophoretic analysis of this fraction revealed the presence of 15 distinct peaks of radioactivity with corresponding apparent molecular weights of 10 000 to 58 000. The electrophoretic mobility of the labeled components was identical and the general pattern of the radioactivity distribution in the gel for the rat liver and the tumour mitochondria was very similar. 2. Components of the membrane fraction of rat liver mitochondria labeled in vitro displayed an unequal solubility in acidic (2 mM HC1) chloroform/methanol (2/1) mixture; as detected by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis a single labeled component with apparent molecular weight of 10 000 was soluble in neutral chloroform/methanol. 3. Inverse relation was observed between amino acid incorporation activity of isolated mitochondria and the portion of the label incorporated into the component with apparent molecular weight 10 000. The identity of this component with that soluble in neutral chloroform/methanol mixture has been indicated. 4. The rate of incorporation of [3H]leucine by isolated Zajdela hepatoma mitochondria into the components with lower (10 000-25 000) apparent molecular weights decreased with time, whereas that into components with higher (above 25 000) apparent molecular weight remained approximately constant within the time interval tested (30 min). 5. From the total radioactivity incorporated into the membrane fraction during 5-min pulse labeling of isolated Zajdela hepatoma mitochondria by [3H]leucine up to 25% was recovered in the region of the gel corresponding to a component with apparent molecular weight 10 000. After 25 min chase the radioactivity in this region decreased about 3.5 times while the specific radioactivity of the total membrane fraction did not change significantly. The pattern of radioactivity distribution observed after the pulse was preserved by chloramphenicol. 6. Unlabeled sonicated mitochondria or postribosomal supernatant from rat liver regenerating in the presence of chloramphenicol were incubated with neutral chloroform/methanol extract of in vitro with [14C]leucine labeled rat liver mitochondria. After this incubation several labeled components with apparent molecular weights above 10 000 were recovered in the electrophoreograms of the originally unlabeled fractions.
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Broquet P, Morelis R, Louisot P. [The biosynthesis of cerebral glycoproteins: studies on mitochondrial mannosyl transferase (author's transl)]. J Neurochem 1975; 24:989-95. [PMID: 237982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1975.tb03667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Blackburn MJ, Andrews TM, Watts RW. The effects of some drugs which cause agranulocytosis on protein synthesis in human granulocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 1975; 24:829-34. [PMID: 1125081 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(75)90149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Baudry M, Clot JP, Michel R. [Influence of thyroid status on the electrophoretic pattern of rat liver mitochondrial proteins]. Biochimie 1975; 57:77-83. [PMID: 1148323 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(75)80112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Liver mitochondria were isolated from normal and thyroidectomized rats and their protein components analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In whole mitochondria 35 protein fractions with MW ranging from 10,000 to 135,000 were characterized. In the absence of thyroid hormone secretion, the amount of a MW 54,000 fraction was always decreased. Injection of small doses of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine to the thyroidectomized animal restored the quantity of that protein fraction to normal. Isolated outer mitochondrial membranes showed the presence of 20 protein fractions. These fractions revealed no change after thyroidectomy. The mitoplast, which contained 35 fractions, exhibited a decrease of the MW 54,000 component in thyroidectomized rats. The mitoplast was separated into several fractions. Water soluble matrix proteins presented molecular weights ranging between 40,000 and 55,000. Proteins, which were slightly bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane and could be extracted by KCl, presented molecular weights between 25,000 and 45,000. Structural proteins showed a principal specific component of MW equals 23,000. Electrophoretic patterns obtained with these submitochondrial fractions were similar in normal and thyroidectomized animals. The mitoplast fraction which contained the insoluble cytochromes (a, a3, b, c1) was isolated ; its principal constituent, of MW 54,000 was significantly decreased after thyroidectomy. Thus, the lack of thyroid hormone secretion lowered the level of a protein constituent bound to the inner membrane of liver mitochondria. The synthesis of this constituent could be controlled by mitochondrial nucleic acids.
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Koritz SB, Wiesner R. Mitochondrial protein synthesis and the stimulation of steroidogenesis by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in isolated rat adrenal cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 383:86-92. [PMID: 164244 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(75)90248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The stimulation by cyclic AMP of steroidogenesis in rat adrenal cells isolated by trypsin treatment was inhibited by D-threo-chloramphenicol and by its L-threo-isomer. The former is an inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis while the latter is not. Both substances, at concentrations which inhibit steroidogenesis, inhibit amino acid incorporation into the proteins of microsomes. Inhibition in other subcellular fractions also occurs depending on the isomer and its concentration. In no case was there a preferential inhibition of amino acid incorporation into mitochondrial proteins. Carbomycin, another inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis, gave similar results. In addition, subfractionation of mitochondria in these experiments revealed no preferential inhibition of amino acid incorporation into the proteins of either the soluble of membrane fractions of this organelle. The above results were obtained at several concentrations of the inhibitors when only partial inhibition of steroidogenesis was present. Both isomers of chloramphenicol inhibited steroidogenesis in a cell-free system to an extent equal to that found with cyclic AMP-stimulated steroidogenesis in intact cells. It is concluded that these inhibitors of mitochondrial protein synthesis have multiple metabolic effects in adrenal cells.
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Bandlow W, Bauer P. Separation and some properties of the inner and outer membranes of yeast mitochondria. Methods Cell Biol 1975; 12:311-33. [PMID: 1105069 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)60962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Poyton RO, Schatz G. Cytochrome c oxidase from bakers' yeast. III. Physical characterization of isolated subunits and chemical evidence for two different classes of polypeptides. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)41960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ibrahim NG, Burke JP, Beattie DS. The Sensitivity of Rat Liver and Yeast Mitochondrial Ribosomes to Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis. J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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37
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Bartelink A, de Kort C, Kortstee G. Amino-acid incorporation into protein by isolated flight muscle mitochondria from the Colorado beetle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(74)90054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Wheeldon LW, Dianoux AC, Bof M, Vignais PV. Stable and labile products of mitochondrial protein synthesis in vitro. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 46:189-99. [PMID: 4854380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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39
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Caruthers JS, Lorenzo AV. In vitro studies on the uptake and incorporation of natural amino acids in rabbit choroid plexus. Brain Res 1974; 73:35-50. [PMID: 4407390 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(74)91005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ibrahim NG, Stuchell RN, Beattie DS. Formation of the yeast mitochondrial membrane. 2. Effects of glucose repression on mitochondrial protein synthesis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 36:519-27. [PMID: 4581275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Michel R, Neupert W. Mitochondrial translation products before and after integration into the mitochondrial membrane in Neurospora crassa. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 36:53-67. [PMID: 4270056 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Young PG, Zimmerman AM. Synthesis of mitochondrial RNA in disaggregated embryos of Xenopus laevis. Dev Biol 1973; 33:196-205. [PMID: 4789599 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(73)90174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Pedersen PL. Coupling of Adenosine Triphosphate Formation in Mitochondria to the Formation of Nucleoside Triphosphates. J Biol Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Tzagoloff A, Rubin MS, Sierra MF. Biosynthesis of mitochondrial enzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 301:71-104. [PMID: 4350388 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(73)90013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kadenbach B, Hadváry P. Demonstration of two types of proteins synthesized in isolated rat-liver mitochondria. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 32:343-9. [PMID: 4687399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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