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Schwartz U, Komatsu T, Huber C, Lagadec F, Baumgartl C, Silberhorn E, Nuetzel M, Rayne F, Basyuk E, Bertrand E, Rehli M, Wodrich H, Laengst G. Changes in adenoviral chromatin organization precede early gene activation upon infection. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114162. [PMID: 37641864 PMCID: PMC10548178 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the virion, adenovirus DNA associates with the virus-encoded, protamine-like structural protein pVII. Whether this association is organized, and how genome packaging changes during infection and subsequent transcriptional activation is currently unclear. Here, we combined RNA-seq, MNase-seq, ChIP-seq, and single genome imaging during early adenovirus infection to unveil the structure- and time-resolved dynamics of viral chromatin changes as well as their correlation with gene transcription. Our MNase mapping data indicates that the adenoviral genome is arranged in precisely positioned nucleoprotein particles with nucleosome-like characteristics, that we term adenosomes. We identified 238 adenosomes that are positioned by a DNA sequence code and protect about 60-70 bp of DNA. The incoming adenoviral genome is more accessible at early gene loci that undergo additional chromatin de-condensation upon infection. Histone H3.3 containing nucleosomes specifically replaces pVII at distinct genomic sites and at the transcription start sites of early genes. Acetylation of H3.3 is predominant at the transcription start sites and precedes transcriptional activation. Based on our results, we propose a central role for the viral pVII nucleoprotein architecture, which is required for the dynamic structural changes during early infection, including the regulation of nucleosome assembly prior to transcription initiation. Our study thus may aid the rational development of recombinant adenoviral vectors exhibiting sustained expression in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Schwartz
- Biochemie Zentrum RegensburgUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Tetsuro Komatsu
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular RegulationGunma UniversityGunmaJapan
- CNRS UMR 5234, Microbiologie Fondamentale et PathogénicitéUniversité de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Claudia Huber
- Biochemie Zentrum RegensburgUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Floriane Lagadec
- CNRS UMR 5234, Microbiologie Fondamentale et PathogénicitéUniversité de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Göttingen Center of Biosciences (GZMB)Georg‐August‐University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | | | | | - Margit Nuetzel
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Fabienne Rayne
- CNRS UMR 5234, Microbiologie Fondamentale et PathogénicitéUniversité de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Eugenia Basyuk
- CNRS UMR 5234, Microbiologie Fondamentale et PathogénicitéUniversité de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- CNRS UMR 5355Institut de Généthique Moléculaire de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Michael Rehli
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Leibniz Institute for ImmunotherapyRegensburgGermany
- University Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Harald Wodrich
- CNRS UMR 5234, Microbiologie Fondamentale et PathogénicitéUniversité de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Gernot Laengst
- Biochemie Zentrum RegensburgUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
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2
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Cheng TM, Li R, Kao YCJ, Hsu CH, Chu HL, Lu KY, Changou CA, Chang CC, Chang LH, Tsai ML, Mi FL. Synthesis and characterization of Gd-DTPA/fucoidan/peptide complex nanoparticle and in vitro magnetic resonance imaging of inflamed endothelial cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:111064. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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3
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Cheraghi R, Nazari M, Alipour M, Hosseinkhani S. Stepwise Development of Biomimetic Chimeric Peptides for Gene Delivery. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:698-710. [PMID: 32026767 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200206153328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene-based therapy largely relies on the vector type that allows a selective and efficient transfection into the target cells with maximum efficacy and minimal toxicity. Although, genes delivered utilizing modified viruses transfect efficiently and precisely, these vectors can cause severe immunological responses and are potentially carcinogenic. A promising method of overcoming this limitation is the use of non-viral vectors, including cationic lipids, polymers, dendrimers, and peptides, which offer potential routes for compacting DNA for targeted delivery. Although non-viral vectors exhibit reduced transfection efficiency compared to their viral counterpart, their superior biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity and potential for large-scale production make them increasingly attractive for modern therapy. There has been a great deal of interest in the development of biomimetic chimeric peptides. Biomimetic chimeric peptides contain different motifs for gene translocation into the nucleus of the desired cells. They have motifs for gene targeting into the desired cell, condense DNA into nanosize particles, translocate the gene into the nucleus and enhance the release of the particle into the cytoplasm. These carriers were developed in recent years. This review highlights the stepwise development of the biomimetic chimeric peptides currently being used in gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Cheraghi
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Nazari
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Alipour
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Perry CC, Ramos-Méndez J, Milligan JR. DNA Condensation with a Boron-Containing Cationic Peptide for Modeling Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019; 166. [PMID: 32454570 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid derivative 4-borono-L-phenylalanine (BPA) has been used in the radiation medicine technique boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Here we have characterized its interaction with DNA when incorporated into a positively charged hexa-L-arginine peptide. This ligand binds strongly to DNA and induces its condensation, an effect which is attenuated at higher ionic strengths. The use of an additional tetra-L-arginine ligand enables the preparation of a DNA condensate in the presence of a negligible concentration of unbound boron. Under these conditions, Monte Carlo simulation indicates that >85% of energy deposition events resulting from thermal neutron irradiation derive from boron fission. The combination of experimental model systems and simulations that we describe here provides a valuable tool for accurate track structure modeling of the DNA damage produced by the high LET particles involved in BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris C Perry
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Jose Ramos-Méndez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Jamie R Milligan
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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5
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Shim G, Park J, Kim MG, Yang G, Lee Y, Oh YK. Noncovalent tethering of nucleic acid aptamer on DNA nanostructure for targeted photo/chemo/gene therapies. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 24:102053. [PMID: 31344502 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report various therapeutic cargo-loadable DNA nanostructures that are shelled in polydopamine and noncovalently tethered with cancer cell-targeting DNA aptamers. Initial DNA nanostructure was formed by rolling-circle amplification and condensation with Mu peptides. This DNA nanostructure was loaded with an antisense oligonucleotide, a photosensitizer, or an anticancer chemotherapeutic drug. Each therapeutic agent-loaded DNA nanostructure was then shelled with polydopamine (PDA), and noncovalently decorated with a poly adenine-tailed nucleic acid aptamer (PA) specific for PTK7 receptor, resulting in PA-tethered and PDA-shelled DNA nanostructure (PA/PDN). PDA coating shell enabled photothermal therapy. In the cells overexpressing PTK7 receptor, photosensitizer-loaded PA/PDN showed greater photodynamic activity. Doxorubicin-loaded PA/PDN exerted higher anticancer activity than the other groups. Antisense oligonucleotide-loaded PA/PDN provided selective reduction of target proteins compared with other groups. Our results suggest that the PA-tethered and PDA-shelled DNA nanostructures could enable the specific receptor-targeted phototherapy, chemotherapy, and gene therapy against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayong Shim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Gyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea..
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Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics (or gene therapy) has to date failed to deliver on promise but rapid improvements in the understanding and use of delivery technologies should reverse this situation. In this review of work performed in and in collaboration with the Imperial College Genetic Therapies Centre, progress towards safe nanoparticles for efficient delivery of functional nucleic acids in vivo is described. The intention is to demonstrate the fruits of a journey from the results of initial studies in animal models of disease that suggested that so much should be possible so quickly, to the realization that new technologies are rarely successful so quickly, through to developments in the present day that appear to be approaching the preclinical/clinical threshold with realism but measured confidence. New chemistry is central to the design and formulation of safe nanotechnologies. Chemistry should have a central role to play in ensuring that nucleic acid therapeutics truly live up to their potential for therapy and cure, none more so than in the derivation of newer and better therapies for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Miller
- Imperial College Genetic Therapies Centre, Department of Chemistry, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Abstract
Understanding and exploiting molecular mechanisms in biology is central to chemical biology. In 20 years, chemical biology research has advanced from simple mechanistic studies using isolated biological macromolecules to molecular-level and nanomolecular-level mechanistic studies involving whole organisms. This review documents the best of my personal and collaborative academic research work that has made use of a solid organic chemistry and chemical biology approach toward nanomedicine, in which my focus has been on the design, creation and use of synthetic, self-assembly lipid-based nanoparticle technologies for the functional delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients to target cells in vivo. This research is now leading to precision therapeutics approaches (PTAs) for the treatment of diseases that may define the future of nanomedicine.
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McBride JW, Massey AS, McCaffrey J, McCrudden CM, Coulter JA, Dunne NJ, Robson T, McCarthy HO. Development of TMTP-1 targeted designer biopolymers for gene delivery to prostate cancer. Int J Pharm 2016; 500:144-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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9
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Roh YH, Lee K, Ye JJ, Luo D. Multivalent DNA-based vectors for DNA vaccine delivery. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1143:159-79. [PMID: 24715288 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0410-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
DNA can be utilized as a generic delivery vector as well as a traditional biological material for DNA vaccination. Although the use of DNA as an antigen expression vector or a vaccine adjuvant has been intensively studied for several decades, the use of DNA molecules as a delivery carrier has not been explored until recently. This issue is probably due to the topological limitation of DNA in its natural linear or circular structure form. Multivalent DNA-based vector delivery platforms overcome this structural barrier and are particularly suited for DNA vaccine delivery because of their multifunctionality, monodispersity, anisotropicity, and bioconjugation ability with numerous functional moieties. In this chapter, we mainly describe the construction of multivalent DNA-based delivery vectors using DNA engineering methods. Specifically, the synthesis strategies for highly branched dendrimer-like DNA structures in general and methods for their application to DNA vaccine delivery are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Roh
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, One Leighton St, Unit 607, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA,
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Karjoo Z, McCarthy HO, Patel P, Nouri FS, Hatefi A. Systematic engineering of uniform, highly efficient, targeted and shielded viral-mimetic nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:2774-2783. [PMID: 23468416 PMCID: PMC5222681 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201300077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, numerous types of nanomedicines have been developed for the efficient and safe delivery of nucleic acid-based drugs for cancer therapy. Given that the destination sites for nucleic acid-based drugs are inside cancer cells, delivery systems need to be both targeted and shielded in order to overcome the extracellular and intracellular barriers. One of the major obstacles that has hindered the translation of nanotechnology-based gene-delivery systems into the clinic has been the complexity of the design and assembly processes, resulting in non-uniform nanocarriers with unpredictable surface properties and efficiencies. Consequently, no product has reached the clinic yet. In order to address this shortcoming, a multifunctional targeted biopolymer is genetically engineered in one step, eliminating the need for multiple chemical conjugations. Then, by systematic modulation of the ratios of the targeted recombinant vector to PEGylated peptides of different sizes, a library of targeted-shielded viral-mimetic nanoparticles (VMNs) with diverse surface properties are assembled. Through the use of physicochemical and biological assays, targeted-shielded VMNs with remarkably high transfection efficiencies (>95%) are screened. In addition, the batch-to-batch variability of the assembled targeted-shielded VMNs in terms of uniformity and efficiency is examined and, in both cases, the coefficient of variation is calculated to be below 20%, indicating a highly reproducible and uniform system. These results provide design parameters for engineering uniform, targeted-shielded VMNs with very high cell transfection rates that exhibit the important characteristics for in vivo translation. These design parameters and principles could be used to tailor-make and assemble targeted-shielded VMNs that could deliver any nucleic acid payload to any mammalian cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Karjoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Helen O. McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Parin Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | - Arash Hatefi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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11
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Gopal V. Bioinspired peptides as versatile nucleic acid delivery platforms. J Control Release 2013; 167:323-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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Inspired by nature: fundamentals in nanotechnology design to overcome biological barriers. Ther Deliv 2013; 4:27-43. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergy between nanotechnology and drug delivery has created a multitude of novel drug-delivery systems with great therapeutic potential. However, directing these systems across the biological barriers to the target site has proven difficult. Nanotechnology is looking for inspiration in natural systems that have evolved to overcome such barriers. Here, we review nature-inspired strategies and fundamental features common to successful drug-delivery systems across biological barriers.
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13
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Biophysical properties of chitosan/siRNA polyplexes: Profiling the polymer/siRNA interactions and bioactivity. J Control Release 2012; 157:297-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Biodegradation, biocompatibility, and drug delivery in poly(ω-pentadecalactone-co-p-dioxanone) copolyesters. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6646-54. [PMID: 21641030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ω-pentadecalactone-co-p-dioxanone) [poly(PDL-co-DO)] copolyesters are copolymers of an isodimorphic system, which remain semicrystalline over the whole range of compositions. Here, we evaluated enzymatically synthesized poly(PDL-co-DO) copolymers as new materials for biomedical applications. In vivo experiments using mice, showed that the copolyesters are well tolerated, with tissue responses that are comparable to poly(p-dioxanone). In addition, the copolymers were found to degrade hydrolytically at controlled rates over a period of several months under physiological conditions. The poly(PDL-co-DO) copolymers with up to 69 mol% DO units were successfully transformed to free-standing nanoparticles that are capable of encapsulating an anticancer drug, doxorubicin, or a polynucleotide, siRNA. Drug- or siRNA-loaded nanoparticles exhibited controlled and continuous release of agent over many weeks. In addition, siLUC-encapsulated poly(PDL-co-DO) nanoparticles were active in inhibiting luciferase gene expression in LUC-RKO cells. Because of substantial differences in structure and hydrophobicity between PDL and DO units, poly(PDL-co-DO) biodegradation rate and physical properties can be tuned over a wide range depending on the copolymer composition. Our results demonstrate that the semicrystalline and biodegradable poly(PDL-co-DO) copolyesters are promising biomaterials to serve as drug carriers, as well as potential raw materials for constructing bioabsorbable sutures and other medical devices.
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Domingo-Espín J, Vazquez E, Ganz J, Conchillo O, García-Fruitós E, Cedano J, Unzueta U, Petegnief V, Gonzalez-Montalbán N, Planas AM, Daura X, Peluffo H, Ferrer-Miralles N, Villaverde A. Nanoparticulate architecture of protein-based artificial viruses is supported by protein-DNA interactions. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1047-61. [PMID: 21651444 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED AIM & METHODS: We have produced two chimerical peptides of 10.2 kDa, each contain four biologically active domains, which act as building blocks of protein-based nonviral vehicles for gene therapy. In solution, these peptides tend to aggregate as amorphous clusters of more than 1000 nm, while the presence of DNA promotes their architectonic reorganization as mechanically stable nanometric spherical entities of approximately 80 nm that penetrate mammalian cells through arginine-glycine-aspartic acid cell-binding domains and promote significant transgene expression levels. RESULTS & CONCLUSION The structural analysis of the protein in these hybrid nanoparticles indicates a molecular conformation with predominance of α-helix and the absence of cross-molecular, β-sheet-supported protein interactions. The nanoscale organizing forces generated by DNA-protein interactions can then be observed as a potentially tunable, critical factor in the design of protein-only based artificial viruses for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Domingo-Espín
- Institute for Biotechnology & Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Do TT, Tang VJ, Aguilera JA, Perry CC, Milligan JR. Characterization of a Lipophilic Plasmid DNA Condensate Formed with a Cationic Peptide Fatty Acid Conjugate. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1731-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200127u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trinh T. Do
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0610, United States
| | - Vicky J. Tang
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0610, United States
| | - Joe A. Aguilera
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0610, United States
| | - Christopher C. Perry
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States
| | - Jamie R. Milligan
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0610, United States
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McCarthy HO, Wang Y, Mangipudi SS, Hatefi A. Advances with the use of bio-inspired vectors towards creation of artificial viruses. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:497-512. [PMID: 20151849 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903579989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in the development of recombinant vectors based on biological motifs with potential applications in gene therapy. Several such vectors have been genetically engineered, resulting in biomacromolecules with new properties that are not present in nature. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review briefly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the current state-of-the-art gene delivery systems (viral and non-viral) and then provides an overview on the application of various biological motifs in vector development for gene delivery. Finally, it highlights some of the most advanced bio-inspired vectors that are designed to perform several self-guided functions. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review helps the readers get a better understanding about the history and evolution of bio-inspired fusion vectors with the potential to merge the strengths of both viral and non-viral vectors in order to create efficient, safe and cost-effective gene delivery systems. TAKE HOME MESSAGE With the emergence of new technologies such as recombinant bio-inspired vectors, it may not take long before non-viral vectors are observed that are not just safe and tissue-specific, but even more efficient than viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen O McCarthy
- Queens University Belfast, School of Pharmacy, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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18
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Tsoi M, Do TT, Tang V, Aguilera JA, Perry CC, Milligan JR. Characterization of condensed plasmid DNA models for studying the direct effect of ionizing radiation. Biophys Chem 2010; 147:104-10. [PMID: 20096988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 12/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the changes in physical properties of aqueous solutions of the plasmid pUC18 that take place on the addition of the cationic oligopeptide penta-arginine. An increase in sedimentation rate and static light scattering, and changes in the nucleic acid CD spectrum all suggest that this ligand acts to condense the plasmid. Dynamic light scattering suggests the hydrodynamic radii of the condensate particles are a few micrometers, ca. 50-fold larger than that of the monomeric plasmid. Condensation of the plasmid also produces a ca. 100-fold decrease in the strand break yield produced by gamma irradiation. This extensive protection against reactive intermediates in the bulk of the solution implies that condensed plasmid DNA may offer a model system with which to study the direct effect of ionizing radiation (ionization of the DNA itself). The use of peptide ligands as condensing agents in this application is attractive because the derivatives of several amino acids (particularly tryptophan and tyrosine) have been shown to modify the radiation chemistry of DNA extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi Tsoi
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0610, USA
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Mangipudi SS, Canine BF, Wang Y, Hatefi A. Development of a genetically engineered biomimetic vector for targeted gene transfer to breast cancer cells. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:1100-9. [PMID: 19419197 DOI: 10.1021/mp800251x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A biomimetic vector was genetically engineered to contain at precise locations (a) an adenovirus mu peptide to condense pDNA into nanosize particles, (b) a synthetic cyclic peptide to target breast cancer cells and enhance internalization of nanoparticles, (c) a pH-responsive synthetic fusogenic peptide to disrupt endosome membranes and facilitate escape of the nanoparticles into the cytosol, and (d) a nuclear localization signal from human immunodeficiency virus for microtubule mediated transfer of genetic material to the nucleus. The vector was characterized using physicochemical and biological assays to demonstrate the functionality of each motif in the vector backbone. The results demonstrated that the vector is able to condense plasmid DNA into nanosize particles (<100 nm), protect pDNA from serum endonucleases, target ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells and internalize, efficiently disrupt endosome membranes, exploit microtubules to reach nucleus and mediate gene expression. The therapeutic potential of the vector was evaluated by complexing with plasmid DNA encoding TRAIL (pTRAIL) and transfecting ZR-75-1 cells. The results demonstrated that up to 62% of the ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells can be killed after administration of pTRAIL in complex with the vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriramchandra S Mangipudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Integrated Biotechnology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing of human adenovirus type 11 (HAdV-11) strain QS, isolated in China, was conducted, and its sequence was compared with the sequences of strains within the species of HAdVs. The HAdV-11 QS genome contains 34,755 nucleotides. Similar to the other HAdV subgenus B sequences, the HAdV-11 QS genome coded 37 functional proteins and could be divided into four early, two intermediate, and five late transcription regions. The amino acid sequences of the fiber and the hypervariable regions (HVRs) within the hexon gene of HAdV-11 QS were identical to the corresponding sequences of the HAdV-11a strain; further analyses that compared those amino acid sequences with the amino acid sequences of the HAdV species subgenus B:2 strains revealed that the highest degree of homology (>99.2%) existed between HAdV-11 QS and the prototypical HAdV-14 strain, except for a few coding sequences of HVRs within the hexon gene, DNA polymerase, pVI, and pre-terminal protein. This indicate that HAdV-11 strain QS, isolated in China, is a recombinant adenovirus of HAdV-14, and the recombination analyses also confirmed this finding. It is difficult to clarify the time and manner of the recombination, and further investigations are required to determine whether the emergence of recombination between HAdV-11a and HAdV-14 might increase virulence, thereby posing a new global challenge with regard to acute respiratory diseases in the near future.
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Goparaju GN, Bruist MF, Satish Chandran C, Gupta PK. Influence of N-Terminal Hydrophobicity of Cationic Peptides on Thermodynamics of their Interaction with Plasmid DNA. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 73:502-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2009.00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Goparaju GN, Satishchandran C, Gupta PK. The effect of the structure of small cationic peptides on the characteristics of peptide-DNA complexes. Int J Pharm 2009; 369:162-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kim W, Yamasaki Y, Kataoka K. Development of a fitting model suitable for the isothermal titration calorimetric curve of DNA with cationic ligands. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:10919-25. [PMID: 16771345 DOI: 10.1021/jp057554e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel curve fitting model was developed for the isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) of a cationic ligand binding to DNA. The ligand binding often generates a DNA conformational change from an elongated random coil into a compact collapsed form that is referred to as "DNA condensation". The ligand binding can be classified into two regimes having different binding constants Ki, i.e., the binding to an elongated DNA chain with a binding constant K1 and with K2 that occurred during the conformational transition. The two-variable curve fitting models are usually bound by a strict regulation on the difference in the values of the binding constants K1 > K2. For the DNA condensation, however, the relationships for K1 and K2 are still unclear. The novel curve fitting model developed in this study takes into account this uncertainty on the relationship of the binding constants and is highly flexible for the two-variable binding constant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wankee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Zhou LZ, Yang XL, Gan L, Xu HB. Self-assembling of DNA and PAMAM dendrimer. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2006:498-500. [PMID: 17282225 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1616456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembling of DNA and cationic polymers are of interest for their biological applications. In this paper, the interaction of DNA with PAMAM was studied by agarose gel electrophoresis, size and zeta-potential measurements and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. DNA was shown to form stable complexes with PAMAM by gel electrophoresis. The mean particle size of the complexes was in the range of 150-180 nm. The zeta-potential was positive and increased with an increase of N/P ratios. Compared to naked DNA, CD spectra of complexed DNA was changed and had a decreased intensity at 270nm. High salts and excessively low or high pH values could also result in decreased CD signals of PAMAM complexed DNA. These results provide some instructions for assembling of DNA as well as gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Z Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China (e-mail: )
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Zhou L, Gan L, Li H, Yang X. Studies on the interactions between DNA and PAMAM with fluorescent probe [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:330-4. [PMID: 16872783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between plasmid DNA and cationic polymers are of interest for their potential biological applications. In this paper, the interactions of DNA with polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and stopped-flow technique. A rapid and reproducible fluorescent assay method had been developed for assessing PAMAM and DNA interactions using [Ru(phen)2 dppz]2+ as a probe. We further studied the kinetics of PAMAM binding to DNA and the reverse process of DNA dissociation from the complexes. The results indicated that DNA condensation was the rate-determining step during the complexation process, while DNA unfolding and expansion was the rate-determining step during the DNA dissociation process. At N/P ratios before reaching the thermodynamically most stable state, the complexes of DNA and PAMAM were incompact and could dissociate to some extent. And at N/P ratios above 2.0, DNA was fully condensed by PAMAM and dissociation was increasingly difficult. These results provided some useful instructions for self-assembling and disassembling of DNA as well as efficient gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhu Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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Collins E, Birchall JC, Williams JL, Gumbleton M. Nuclear localisation and pDNA condensation in non-viral gene delivery. J Gene Med 2007; 9:265-74. [PMID: 17397103 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-viral gene delivery vectors are multi-component systems reflecting various functionalities required for effective cell transfection, including DNA condensation, promotion of cell membrane interactions and provision for subcellular targeting through endosomal escape and/or nuclear delivery. Elements mediating these functions will clearly display inter-dependency. In this study we sought to explore the relationship within non-viral vectors of condensation and nuclear localisation. METHODS Binary, tertiary and quaternary vectors were prepared with combinations of pDNA, DOTAP lipid, the polycation peptide protamine and either SV40 nuclear localisation sequence peptide ('SV40 NLS') or a one amino acid substituted mutant of SV40 NLS ('mutant sequence'). The efficiency of pDNA condensation was determined by gel electrophoresis and quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy. Transfection efficiency was examined in mammalian cells in vitro using standard methods, by electroporation to bypass the plasma membrane barrier and in cells arrested in G0/G1 cell cycle phase to examine the effect of cell division and nuclear membrane disruption. RESULTS Small NLS peptide sequences, despite possessing a significant proportion of basic amino acids, display minimal pDNA-condensing ability when compared to larger polycations such as protamine. In standard in vitro cell adherent transfection studies the predominant elements affording enhanced gene expression were effective pDNA condensation and lipid enhancement of cell membrane interactions. These features conversely hinder efficient gene expression in cells that have undergone electroporation. The benefit of SV40 NLS was only apparent when used in non-dividing cell populations. CONCLUSIONS Whilst effective levels of non-viral-mediated gene expression generally rely on efficient condensation of pDNA and enhanced interactions with cellular membranes, non-covalently associated NLS within a multi-component non-viral gene vector appears to contribute benefit in sustaining gene expression in non-dividing cells.
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Wodrich H, Cassany A, D'Angelo MA, Guan T, Nemerow G, Gerace L. Adenovirus core protein pVII is translocated into the nucleus by multiple import receptor pathways. J Virol 2006; 80:9608-18. [PMID: 16973564 PMCID: PMC1617226 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00850-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are nonenveloped viruses with an approximately 36-kb double-stranded DNA genome that replicate in the nucleus. Protein VII, an abundant structural component of the adenovirus core that is strongly associated with adenovirus DNA, is imported into the nucleus contemporaneously with the adenovirus genome shortly after virus infection and may promote DNA import. In this study, we evaluated whether protein VII uses specific receptor-mediated mechanisms for import into the nucleus. We found that it contains potent nuclear localization signal (NLS) activity by transfection of cultured cells with protein VII fusion constructs and by microinjection of cells with recombinant protein VII fusions. We identified three NLS-containing regions in protein VII by deletion mapping and determined important NLS residues by site-specific mutagenesis. We found that recombinant protein VII and its NLS-containing domains strongly and specifically bind to importin alpha, importin beta, importin 7, and transportin, which are among the most abundant cellular nuclear import receptors. Moreover, these receptors can mediate the nuclear import of protein VII fusions in vitro in permeabilized cells. Considered together, these data support the hypothesis that protein VII is a major NLS-containing adaptor for receptor-mediated import of adenovirus DNA and that multiple import pathways are utilized to promote efficient nuclear entry of the viral genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Wodrich
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
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Akita H, Tanimoto M, Masuda T, Kogure K, Hama S, Ninomiya K, Futaki S, Harashima H. Evaluation of the nuclear delivery and intra-nuclear transcription of plasmid DNA condensed with µ (mu) and NLS-µ by cytoplasmic and nuclear microinjection: a comparative study with poly-L-lysine. J Gene Med 2006; 8:198-206. [PMID: 16285003 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficient nuclear delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) is essential for the development of a promising non-viral gene vector. In an attempt to achieve nuclear delivery, NLS-mu, a novel pDNA condenser, was prepared. This consists of mu, a highly potent polypeptide for condensing the pDNA, and a SV40 T antigen-derived nuclear localization signal (NLS(SV40)). METHODS The utility of NLS-mu was assessed in terms of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression after cytoplasmic and nuclear microinjection of GFP-encoding pDNA along with the transfection, and compared with mu and poly-L-lysine (PLL). Trans-gene expression after cytoplasmic microinjection was affected by the efficiencies of nuclear transfer and following intra-nuclear transcription. To evaluate the nuclear transfer process separately, we introduced a parameter, a nuclear transfer score (NT score), which was calculated as the trans-gene expression after cytoplasmic microinjection divided by that after nuclear microinjection. RESULTS As expected, the rank order of trans-gene expression after the transfection and cytoplasmic microinjection was NLS-mu > mu > PLL. However, the calculated NT scores were unexpectedly ranked as mu = NLS-mu > PLL, suggesting that mu, and not NLS(SV40), is responsible for the nuclear delivery of pDNA. In addition, confocal images of rhodamine-labeled pDNA indicated that pDNA condensed with mu and NLS-mu was delivered as a condensed form. In comparing the nuclear transcription, the rank order of trans-gene expression after nuclear microinjection was PLL = NLS-mu > mu, suggesting that intra-nuclear transcription is inhibited by efficient condensation by mu, and is avoided by the attachment of NLS(SV40). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, NLS-mu, which consists of chimeric functions, is an excellent DNA condenser, and the process is based on mu-derived nuclear transfer and NLS(SV40)-derived efficient intra-nuclear transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Lochmann D, Jauk E, Zimmer A. Drug delivery of oligonucleotides by peptides. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005; 58:237-51. [PMID: 15296952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides are promising tools for in vitro studies where specific downregulation of proteins is required. In addition, antisense oligonucleotides have been studied in vivo and have entered clinical trials as new chemical entities with various therapeutic targets such as antiviral drugs or for tumour treatments. The formulation of these substances were widely studied in the past. With this review we will focus on peptides used as drug delivery vehicles for oligonucleotides. Different strategies are summarised. Cationically charged peptides from different origins were used e.g. as cellular penetration enhancers or nuclear localisation tool. Examples are given for Poly-L-lysine alone or in combination with receptor specific targeting ligands such as asialoglycoprotein, galactose, growth factors or transferrin. Another large group of peptides are those with membrane translocating properties. Fusogenic peptides rich in lysine or arginine are reviewed. They have been used for DNA complexation and condensation to form transport vehicles. Some of them, additionally, have so called nuclear localisation properties. Here, DNA sequences, which facilitate intracellular trafficking of macromolecules to the nucleus were explored. Summarizing the present literature, peptides are interesting pharmaceutical excipients and it seems to be feasible to combine the specific properties of peptides to improve drug delivery devices for oligonucleotides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Lochmann
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Technology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurtam Main, Germany
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Masuda T, Akita H, Harashima H. Evaluation of nuclear transfer and transcription of plasmid DNA condensed with protamine by microinjection: The use of a nuclear transfer score. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:2143-8. [PMID: 15811332 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2005] [Revised: 02/28/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the nuclear delivery of a green fluorescence protein (GFP)-encoding pDNA condensed by protamine was investigated in terms of trans-gene expression after cytoplasmic (E(cyt)) and nuclear (E(nuc)) microinjection. To compare the nuclear transfer process, a novel parameter; the nuclear transfer (NT) score was introduced. The E(cyt) value for protamine/pDNA particles increased in a charge ratio-dependent manner. The calculated NT score showed that this increase results from an enhancement in nuclear transfer efficiency, which was also quantitatively confirmed by a recently developed confocal image-assisted three-dimensionally integrated quantification (CIDIQ) method. Moreover, E(nuc) for protamine/pDNA particles was significantly higher than that for poly-L-lysine/pDNA particles, suggesting that pDNA, when condensed with protamine, is more accessible to intra-nuclear transcription. Collectively, protamine is an excellent DNA condenser, with bi-functional advantages: improvement in nuclear delivery and efficient intra-nuclear transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Masuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Patel MM, Anchordoquy TJ. Contribution of hydrophobicity to thermodynamics of ligand-DNA binding and DNA collapse. Biophys J 2005; 88:2089-103. [PMID: 15653734 PMCID: PMC1305261 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.052100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of understanding the dynamics of DNA condensation is inherent in the biological significance of DNA packaging in cell nuclei, as well as for gene therapy applications. Specifically, the role of ligand hydrophobicity in DNA condensation has received little attention. Considering that only multivalent cations can induce true DNA condensation, previous studies exploring monovalent lipids have been unable to address this question. In this study we have elucidated the contribution of the hydrophobic effect to multivalent cation- and cationic lipid-DNA binding and DNA collapse by studying the thermodynamics of cobalt hexammine-, spermine-, and lipospermine-plasmid DNA binding at different temperatures. Comparable molar heat capacity changes (DeltaC(p)) associated with cobalt hexammine- and spermine-DNA binding (-23.39 cal/mol K and -17.98 cal/mol K, respectively) suggest that upon binding to DNA, there are insignificant changes in the hydration state of the methylene groups in spermine. In contrast, the acyl chain contribution to the DeltaC(p) of lipospermine-DNA binding (DeltaC(p ) = DeltaC(p lipospermine) - DeltaC(p spermine)) is significant (-220.94 cal/mol K). Although lipopermine induces DNA ordering into "tubular" suprastructures, such structures do not assume toroidal dimensions as observed for spermine-DNA complexes. We postulate that a steric barrier posed by the acyl chains in lipospermine precludes packaging of DNA into dimensions comparable to those found in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, C238 University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 E. Ninth Ave., Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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Johnson JS, Osheim YN, Xue Y, Emanuel MR, Lewis PW, Bankovich A, Beyer AL, Engel DA. Adenovirus protein VII condenses DNA, represses transcription, and associates with transcriptional activator E1A. J Virol 2004; 78:6459-68. [PMID: 15163739 PMCID: PMC416553 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.12.6459-6468.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus protein VII is the major protein component of the viral nucleoprotein core. It is highly basic, and an estimated 1070 copies associate with each viral genome, forming a tightly condensed DNA-protein complex. We have investigated DNA condensation, transcriptional repression, and specific protein binding by protein VII. Xenopus oocytes were microinjected with mRNA encoding HA-tagged protein VII and prepared for visualization of lampbrush chromosomes. Immunostaining revealed that protein VII associated in a uniform manner across entire chromosomes. Furthermore, the chromosomes were significantly condensed and transcriptionally silenced, as judged by the dramatic disappearance of transcription loops characteristic of lampbrush chromosomes. During infection, the protein VII-DNA complex may be the initial substrate for transcriptional activation by cellular factors and the viral E1A protein. To investigate this possibility, mRNAs encoding E1A and protein VII were comicroinjected into Xenopus oocytes. Interestingly, whereas E1A did not associate with chromosomes in the absence of protein VII, expression of both proteins together resulted in significant association of E1A with lampbrush chromosomes. Binding studies with proteins produced in bacteria or human cells or by in vitro translation showed that E1A and protein VII can interact in vitro. Structure-function analysis revealed that an N-terminal region of E1A is responsible for binding to protein VII. These studies define the in vivo functions of protein VII in DNA binding, condensation, and transcriptional repression and indicate a role in E1A-mediated transcriptional activation of viral genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 800734, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Haruki H, Gyurcsik B, Okuwaki M, Nagata K. Ternary complex formation between DNA-adenovirus core protein VII and TAF-Ibeta/SET, an acidic molecular chaperone. FEBS Lett 2004; 555:521-7. [PMID: 14675767 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The adenovirus (Ad) genome complexed with viral core proteins designated Ad core is the template for transcription of early genes and the first round of replication in Ad-infected cells. A cellular protein designated template-activating factor-I (TAF-I) is found to be involved in remodeling of the Ad core in vitro. Here we found that TAF-I interacts with the Ad DNA through core protein VII in infected cells in early phases of infection. In vitro binding assays using recombinant proteins showed that TAF-I forms ternary complexes with DNA-protein VII complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Haruki
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
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Cliff MJ, Ladbury JE. A survey of the year 2002 literature on applications of isothermal titration calorimetry. J Mol Recognit 2004; 16:383-91. [PMID: 14732929 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is becoming widely accepted as a key instrument in any laboratory in which quantification of biomolecular interactions is a requisite. The method has matured with respect to general acceptance and application development over recent years. The number of publications on ITC has grown exponentially over the last 10 years, reflecting the general utility of the method. Here all the published works of the year 2002 in this area have been surveyed. We review the broad range of systems to which ITC is being directed and classify these into general areas highlighting key publications of interest. This provides an overview of what can be achieved using this method and what developments are likely to occur in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Cliff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Preuss M, Tecle M, Shah I, Matthews DA, Miller AD. Comparison between the interactions of adenovirus-derived peptides with plasmid DNA and their role in gene delivery mediated by liposome-peptide-DNA virus-like nanoparticles. Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1:2430-8. [PMID: 12956058 DOI: 10.1039/b302361c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have described the development and applications of an important new platform system for gene delivery known as liposome-mu-DNA (LMD), prepared from cationic liposomes (L), plasmid DNA (D) and the mu(M) peptide derived from the adenovirus core. In an attempt to improve upon mu, an alternative peptide (pepV) derived from the adenovirus peptide/protein-DNA core complex was identified, synthesised and studied alongside mu using a number of biophysical techniques including gel retardation, ethidium bromide exclusion, CD binding titration, DNA melting, and plasmid protection assays. PepV binds to pDNA less efficiently than mu but is able to charge neutralise and condense pDNA into negatively charged pepVD particles comparable in dimension to MD particles. The results of CD studies and plasmid protection assays suggest that peptide-DNA interactions are likely to cause pDNA condensation by a combination of charge neutralisation, base pair tilting, double helix destabilisation and the induction of pDNA superfolding. Data suggest the pepVD particles may be formulated with cationic liposomes to give defined LpepVD particles that appear to transfect HeLa cells with marginally more efficiency than LMD particles suggesting that pepV may have some effect on the pDNA transcription process. Although pepV harbours a nuclear-nucleolar localisation sequence (NLS), transfection data show that this capacity is not being appropriately harnessed by the current LpepVD formulation. Further improvements may be required in terms of optimising LpepVD formulations--for instance, to ensure the integrity of the peptide-DNA complexes following cell entry--in order to fully exploit the full NLS capacity of the peptide, thereby facilitating the transfection of slowly dividing or quiescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Preuss
- Imperial College Genetic Therapies Centre, Department of Chemistry, Flowers Building, Armstrong Road, Imperial College London, London, UK SW7 2AZ.
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Keller M, Harbottle RP, Perouzel E, Colin M, Shah I, Rahim A, Vaysse L, Bergau A, Moritz S, Brahimi-Horn C, Coutelle C, Miller AD. Nuclear localisation sequence templated nonviral gene delivery vectors: investigation of intracellular trafficking events of LMD and LD vector systems. Chembiochem 2003; 4:286-98. [PMID: 12672108 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200390049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The impact of a peptide that contains a nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) on intracellular DNA trafficking was studied. We used the adenoviral core peptide mu and an SV40 NLS peptide to condense plasmid DNA (pDNA) prior to formulation with 3beta-[N-(N', N'-dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl]cholesterol/dioleoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DC-Chol/DOPE) liposomes to give LMD and LND vectors, respectively. Fluorescent-labelled lipid and peptides plus dye-labelled pDNA components were used to investigate gene delivery in dividing and S-phase growth-arrested cells. Confocal microscopic analyses reveal little difference in intracellular trafficking events. Strikingly, mu peptide associates with nuclei and nucleoli of cells within less than 15 mins incubation of LMD with cells, which suggests that mu peptide has an NLS function. These NLS properties were confirmed by cloning of a mu-beta-galactosidase fusion protein that localises in the nuclei of cells after cytosolic translation. In dividing cells both LMD and LND deliver pDNA(Cy3) to nuclei within 30-45 min incubation with cells. By contrast, pDNA is detected only in the cytoplasm in growth-arrested cells over the period of time investigated, and not in the nuclei. LD systems prepared from DC-Chol/DOPE cationic liposomes and pDNA(Cy3) behave similarly to LMD systems, which suggests that mu peptide is unable to influence trafficking events in this current LMD formulation, in spite of its strong NLS capacity. We further describe the effect of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) on cellular uptake. "Stealth" systems obtained by post-coating LMD particles with fluorescent-labelled PEG molecules (0.5, 5 and 10 mol % fluorescein-PEG(5000)-N-hydroxysuccinimide) were prepared and shown to be internalised rapidly (mins) by cells, without detectable transgene expression. This result indicates that PEG blocks intracellular trafficking of pDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Keller
- IC-Vec Ltd, Flowers Building, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Wang S, Peng T, Yang CF. Investigation on the interaction of DNA and electroactive ligands using a rapid electrochemical method. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2003; 55:191-204. [PMID: 12706904 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(02)00181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A rapid method for investigation of the interaction of DNA and electroactive ligands based on an electrochemical equation for irreversible processes is presented. The binding constant (K) and the size of binding site (s) are simultaneously obtained from the dependence of the current on the amount of added DNA in voltammetry. A non-intercalative binder (Hoechst 33258) and two DNA-intercalators (mitoxantrone (MXT) and actinomycin D (AMD)) were examined in experiments. It was found that the binding constant of Hoechst 33258, mitoxantrone and actinomycin D, were 2.1 x 10(8), 8.9 x 10(9) and 9.1 x 10(9) cm(3) mol(-1); and the size of their binding sites were 4, 3 and 8, respectively. The study provides a convenient and sensitive approach for estimating affinity parameters and outlining the interaction between DNA and electroactive targeting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
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Tagawa T, Manvell M, Brown N, Keller M, Perouzel E, Murray KD, Harbottle RP, Tecle M, Booy F, Brahimi-Horn MC, Coutelle C, Lemoine NR, Alton EWFW, Miller AD. Characterisation of LMD virus-like nanoparticles self-assembled from cationic liposomes, adenovirus core peptide mu and plasmid DNA. Gene Ther 2002; 9:564-76. [PMID: 11973632 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2001] [Accepted: 12/19/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Liposome:mu:DNA (LMD) is a ternary nucleic acid delivery system built around the mu peptide associated with the condensed core complex of the adenovirus. LMD is prepared by precondensing plasmid DNA (D) with mu peptide (M) in a 1:0.6 (w/w) ratio and then combining these mu:DNA (MD) complexes with extruded cationic liposomes (L) resulting in a final lipid:mu:DNA ratio of 12:0.6:1 (w/w/w). Correct buffer conditions, reagent concentrations and rates of mixing are all crucial to success. However, once optimal conditions are established, homogeneous LMD particles (120 +/- 30 nm) will result that each appear to comprise an MD particle encapsulated within a cationic bilammellar liposome. LMD particles can be formulated reproducibly, they are amenable to long-term storage (>1 month) at -80 degrees C and are stable to aggregation at a plasmid DNA concentration up to 5 mg/ml (15 mM nucleotide concentration). Furthermore, LMD transfections are significantly more time and dose efficient in vitro than cationic liposome-plasmid DNA (LD) transfections. Transfection times as short as 10 min and plasmid DNA doses as low as 0.001 microg/well result in significant gene expression. LMD transfections will also take place in the presence of biological fluids (eg up to 100% serum) giving 15-25% the level of gene expression observed in the absence of serum. Results from confocal microscopy experiments using fluorescent-labelled LMD particles suggest that endocytosis is not a significant barrier to LMD transfection, although the nuclear membrane still is. We also confirm that topical lung transfection in vivo by LMD is at least equal in absolute terms with transfection mediated by GL-67:DOPE:DMPE-PEG(5000) (1:2:0.05 m/m/m), an accepted 'gold-standard' non-viral vector system for topical lung transfection, and is in fact at least six-fold more dose efficient. All these features make LMD an important new non-viral vector platform system from which to derive tailor-made non-viral delivery systems by a process of systematic modular upgrading.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tagawa
- Imperial College Genetic Therapies Centre, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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