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Morgenstern E, Molthof C, Schwartz U, Graf J, Bruckmann A, Hombach S, Kretz M. lncRNA LINC00941 modulates MTA2/NuRD occupancy to suppress premature human epidermal differentiation. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302475. [PMID: 38649186 PMCID: PMC11035861 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were shown to have a functional impact on cellular processes such as human epidermal homeostasis. However, the mechanism of action for many lncRNAs remains unclear to date. Here, we report that lncRNA LINC00941 regulates keratinocyte differentiation on an epigenetic level through association with the NuRD complex, one of the major chromatin remodelers in cells. We find that LINC00941 interacts with NuRD-associated MTA2 and CHD4 in human primary keratinocytes. LINC00941 perturbation changes MTA2/NuRD occupancy at bivalent chromatin domains in close proximity to transcriptional regulator genes, including the EGR3 gene coding for a transcription factor regulating epidermal differentiation. Notably, LINC00941 depletion resulted in reduced NuRD occupancy at the EGR3 gene locus, increased EGR3 expression in human primary keratinocytes, and increased abundance of EGR3-regulated epidermal differentiation genes in cells and human organotypic epidermal tissues. Our results therefore indicate a role of LINC00941/NuRD in repressing EGR3 expression in non-differentiated keratinocytes, consequentially preventing premature differentiation of human epidermal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Morgenstern
- https://ror.org/01eezs655 Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Molthof
- https://ror.org/01eezs655 Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schwartz
- https://ror.org/01eezs655 NGS Analysis Center Biology and Pre-Clinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Graf
- https://ror.org/01eezs655 Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Bruckmann
- https://ror.org/01eezs655 Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Hombach
- https://ror.org/01eezs655 Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- https://ror.org/006thab72 Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Kretz
- https://ror.org/01eezs655 Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- https://ror.org/006thab72 Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Rödel A, Weig I, Tiedemann S, Schwartz U, Längst G, Moehle C, Grasser M, Grasser KD. Arabidopsis mRNA export factor MOS11: molecular interactions and role in abiotic stress responses. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38650347 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Transcription and export (TREX) is a multi-subunit complex that links synthesis, processing and export of mRNAs. It interacts with the RNA helicase UAP56 and export factors such as MOS11 and ALYs to facilitate nucleocytosolic transport of mRNAs. Plant MOS11 is a conserved, but sparsely researched RNA-binding export factor, related to yeast Tho1 and mammalian CIP29/SARNP. Using biochemical approaches, the domains of Arabidopsis thaliana MOS11 required for interaction with UAP56 and RNA-binding were identified. Further analyses revealed marked genetic interactions between MOS11 and ALY genes. Cell fractionation in combination with transcript profiling demonstrated that MOS11 is required for export of a subset of mRNAs that are shorter and more GC-rich than MOS11-independent transcripts. The central α-helical domain of MOS11 proved essential for physical interaction with UAP56 and for RNA-binding. MOS11 is involved in the nucleocytosolic transport of mRNAs that are upregulated under stress conditions and accordingly mos11 mutant plants turned out to be sensitive to elevated NaCl concentrations and heat stress. Collectively, our analyses identify functional interaction domains of MOS11. In addition, the results establish that mRNA export is critically involved in the plant response to stress conditions and that MOS11 plays a prominent role at this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Rödel
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Center, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ina Weig
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Center, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Tiedemann
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Center, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schwartz
- NGS Analysis Center, Biology and Pre-Clinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Längst
- Institute for Biochemistry III, Biochemistry Center, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Moehle
- Center of Excellence for Fluorescent Bioanalytics (KFB), University of Regensburg, Am Biopark 9, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marion Grasser
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Center, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus D Grasser
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Center, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Breindl M, Spitzer D, Gerasimaitė R, Kairys V, Schubert T, Henfling R, Schwartz U, Lukinavičius G, Manelytė L. Biochemical and cellular insights into the Baz2B protein, a non-catalytic subunit of the chromatin remodeling complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:337-354. [PMID: 38000389 PMCID: PMC10783490 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Baz2B is a regulatory subunit of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes BRF1 and BRF5, which control access to DNA during DNA-templated processes. Baz2B has been implicated in several diseases and also in unhealthy ageing, however limited information is available on the domains and cellular roles of Baz2B. To gain more insight into the Baz2B function, we biochemically characterized the TAM (Tip5/ARBP/MBD) domain with the auxiliary AT-hook motifs and the bromodomain (BRD). We observed alterations in histone code recognition in bromodomains carrying cancer-associated point mutations, suggesting their potential involvement in disease. Furthermore, the depletion of Baz2B in the Hap1 cell line resulted in altered cell morphology, reduced colony formation and perturbed transcriptional profiles. Despite that, super-resolution microscopy images revealed no changes in the overall chromatin structure in the absence of Baz2B. These findings provide insights into the biological function of Baz2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Breindl
- Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, Regensburg DE-93053, Germany
| | - Dominika Spitzer
- Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, Regensburg DE-93053, Germany
| | - Rūta Gerasimaitė
- Chromatin Labeling and Imaging Group, Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, DE-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Visvaldas Kairys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | | | - Ramona Henfling
- Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, Regensburg DE-93053, Germany
| | - Uwe Schwartz
- NGS Analysis Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg DE-93053, Germany
| | - Gražvydas Lukinavičius
- Chromatin Labeling and Imaging Group, Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, DE-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Manelytė
- Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, Regensburg DE-93053, Germany
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Obermeyer S, Schrettenbrunner L, Stöckl R, Schwartz U, Grasser K. Different elongation factors distinctly modulate RNA polymerase II transcription in Arabidopsis. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11518-11533. [PMID: 37819035 PMCID: PMC10681736 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Various transcript elongation factors (TEFs) including modulators of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) activity and histone chaperones tune the efficiency of transcription in the chromatin context. TEFs are involved in establishing gene expression patterns during growth and development in Arabidopsis, while little is known about the genomic distribution of the TEFs and the way they facilitate transcription. We have mapped the genome-wide occupancy of the elongation factors SPT4-SPT5, PAF1C and FACT, relative to that of elongating RNAPII phosphorylated at residues S2/S5 within the carboxyterminal domain. The distribution of SPT4-SPT5 along transcribed regions closely resembles that of RNAPII-S2P, while the occupancy of FACT and PAF1C is rather related to that of RNAPII-S5P. Under transcriptionally challenging heat stress conditions, mutant plants lacking the corresponding TEFs are differentially impaired in transcript synthesis. Strikingly, in plants deficient in PAF1C, defects in transcription across intron/exon borders are observed that are cumulative along transcribed regions. Upstream of transcriptional start sites, the presence of FACT correlates with nucleosomal occupancy. Under stress conditions FACT is particularly required for transcriptional upregulation and to promote RNAPII transcription through +1 nucleosomes. Thus, Arabidopsis TEFs are differently distributed along transcribed regions, and are distinctly required during transcript elongation especially upon transcriptional reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Obermeyer
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Schrettenbrunner
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Stöckl
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schwartz
- NGS Analysis Centre, Biology and Pre-Clinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus D Grasser
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Bludau A, Schwartz U, Zeitler DM, Royer M, Meister G, Neumann ID, Menon R. Functional involvement of septal miR-132 in extinction and oxytocin-mediated reversal of social fear. Mol Psychiatry 2023:10.1038/s41380-023-02309-3. [PMID: 37938765 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Social interactions are critical for mammalian survival and evolution. Dysregulation of social behavior often leads to psychopathologies such as social anxiety disorder, denoted by intense fear and avoidance of social situations. Using the social fear conditioning (SFC) paradigm, we analyzed expression levels of miR-132-3p and miR-124-3p within the septum, a brain region essential for social preference and avoidance behavior, after acquisition and extinction of social fear. Here, we found that SFC dynamically altered both microRNAs. Functional in vivo approaches using pharmacological strategies, inhibition of miR-132-3p, viral overexpression of miR-132-3p, and shRNA-mediated knockdown of miR-132-3p specifically within oxytocin receptor-positive neurons confirmed septal miR-132-3p to be critically involved not only in social fear extinction, but also in oxytocin-induced reversal of social fear. Moreover, Argonaute-RNA-co-immunoprecipitation-microarray analysis and further in vitro and in vivo quantification of target mRNA and protein, revealed growth differentiation factor-5 (Gdf-5) as a target of miR-132-3p. Septal application of GDF-5 impaired social fear extinction suggesting its functional involvement in the reversal of social fear. In summary, we show that septal miR-132-3p and its downstream target Gdf-5 regulate social fear expression and potentially mediate oxytocin-induced reversal of social fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bludau
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schwartz
- NGS Analysis Center, Biology and Pre-Clinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniela M Zeitler
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, Laboratory of RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Royer
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, Laboratory of RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Meister
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, Laboratory of RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Rohit Menon
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Schwartz U, Komatsu T, Huber C, Lagadec F, Baumgartl C, Silberhorn E, Nuetzel M, Rayne F, Basyuk E, Bertrand E, Rehli M, Wodrich H, Laengst G. Changes in adenoviral chromatin organization precede early gene activation upon infection. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114162. [PMID: 37641864 PMCID: PMC10548178 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the virion, adenovirus DNA associates with the virus-encoded, protamine-like structural protein pVII. Whether this association is organized, and how genome packaging changes during infection and subsequent transcriptional activation is currently unclear. Here, we combined RNA-seq, MNase-seq, ChIP-seq, and single genome imaging during early adenovirus infection to unveil the structure- and time-resolved dynamics of viral chromatin changes as well as their correlation with gene transcription. Our MNase mapping data indicates that the adenoviral genome is arranged in precisely positioned nucleoprotein particles with nucleosome-like characteristics, that we term adenosomes. We identified 238 adenosomes that are positioned by a DNA sequence code and protect about 60-70 bp of DNA. The incoming adenoviral genome is more accessible at early gene loci that undergo additional chromatin de-condensation upon infection. Histone H3.3 containing nucleosomes specifically replaces pVII at distinct genomic sites and at the transcription start sites of early genes. Acetylation of H3.3 is predominant at the transcription start sites and precedes transcriptional activation. Based on our results, we propose a central role for the viral pVII nucleoprotein architecture, which is required for the dynamic structural changes during early infection, including the regulation of nucleosome assembly prior to transcription initiation. Our study thus may aid the rational development of recombinant adenoviral vectors exhibiting sustained expression in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Schwartz
- Biochemie Zentrum RegensburgUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Tetsuro Komatsu
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular RegulationGunma UniversityGunmaJapan
- CNRS UMR 5234, Microbiologie Fondamentale et PathogénicitéUniversité de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Claudia Huber
- Biochemie Zentrum RegensburgUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Floriane Lagadec
- CNRS UMR 5234, Microbiologie Fondamentale et PathogénicitéUniversité de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Göttingen Center of Biosciences (GZMB)Georg‐August‐University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | | | | | - Margit Nuetzel
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Fabienne Rayne
- CNRS UMR 5234, Microbiologie Fondamentale et PathogénicitéUniversité de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Eugenia Basyuk
- CNRS UMR 5234, Microbiologie Fondamentale et PathogénicitéUniversité de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- CNRS UMR 5355Institut de Généthique Moléculaire de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Michael Rehli
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Leibniz Institute for ImmunotherapyRegensburgGermany
- University Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Harald Wodrich
- CNRS UMR 5234, Microbiologie Fondamentale et PathogénicitéUniversité de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Gernot Laengst
- Biochemie Zentrum RegensburgUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
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7
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Schwartz U, Llamazares Prada M, Pohl ST, Richter M, Tamas R, Schuler M, Keller C, Mijosek V, Muley T, Schneider MA, Quast K, Hey J, Heußel CP, Warth A, Winter H, Serçin Ö, Karmouty-Quintana H, Jyothula SS, Patel MK, Herth F, Koch I, Petrosino G, Titimeaua A, Mardin BR, Weichenhan D, Jurkowski TP, Imbusch CD, Brors B, Benes V, Jung B, Wyatt D, Stahl HF, Plass C, Jurkowska RZ. High-resolution transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling identifies novel regulators of COPD. EMBO J 2023:e111272. [PMID: 37143403 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are still waiting for curative treatments. Considering its environmental cause, we hypothesized that COPD will be associated with altered epigenetic signaling in lung cells. We generated genome-wide DNA methylation maps at single CpG resolution of primary human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) across COPD stages. We show that the epigenetic landscape is changed early in COPD, with DNA methylation changes occurring predominantly in regulatory regions. RNA sequencing of matched fibroblasts demonstrated dysregulation of genes involved in proliferation, DNA repair, and extracellular matrix organization. Data integration identified 110 candidate regulators of disease phenotypes that were linked to fibroblast repair processes using phenotypic screens. Our study provides high-resolution multi-omic maps of HLFs across COPD stages. We reveal novel transcriptomic and epigenetic signatures associated with COPD onset and progression and identify new candidate regulators involved in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. The presence of various epigenetic factors among the candidates demonstrates that epigenetic regulation in COPD is an exciting research field that holds promise for novel therapeutic avenues for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Schwartz
- BioMed X Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
- NGS Analysis Center Biology and Pre-Clinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Llamazares Prada
- BioMed X Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie T Pohl
- BioMed X Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Biomedicine, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Michael Schuler
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Corinna Keller
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Research Unit, Heidelberg Lung Biobank, Thoraxklinik,, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc A Schneider
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Research Unit, Heidelberg Lung Biobank, Thoraxklinik,, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Quast
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Joschka Hey
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus P Heußel
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arne Warth
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Research Unit, Heidelberg Lung Biobank, Thoraxklinik,, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Pathological Institute, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Research Unit, Heidelberg Lung Biobank, Thoraxklinik,, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Soma Sk Jyothula
- Center for Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manish K Patel
- Center for Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Felix Herth
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Research Unit, Heidelberg Lung Biobank, Thoraxklinik,, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine and Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Koch
- Asklepios Biobank for Lung Diseases, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alexandru Titimeaua
- Division of Biomedicine, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Dieter Weichenhan
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Charles D Imbusch
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Jung
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - David Wyatt
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Heiko F Stahl
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renata Z Jurkowska
- BioMed X Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Biomedicine, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Obermeyer S, Stöckl R, Schnekenburger T, Kapoor H, Stempfl T, Schwartz U, Grasser KD. TFIIS Is Crucial During Early Transcript Elongation for Transcriptional Reprogramming in Response to Heat Stress. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167917. [PMID: 36502880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the stage of transcriptional initiation, the production of mRNAs is regulated during elongation. Accordingly, the synthesis of mRNAs by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) in the chromatin context is modulated by various transcript elongation factors. TFIIS is an elongation factor that stimulates the transcript cleavage activity of RNAPII to reactivate stalled elongation complexes at barriers to transcription including nucleosomes. Since Arabidopsis tfIIs mutants grow normally under standard conditions, we have exposed them to heat stress (HS), revealing that tfIIs plants are highly sensitive to elevated temperatures. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrate that particularly HS-induced genes are expressed at lower levels in tfIIs than in wildtype. Mapping the distribution of elongating RNAPII uncovered that in tfIIs plants RNAPII accumulates at the +1 nucleosome of genes that are upregulated upon HS. The promoter-proximal RNAPII accumulation in tfIIs under HS conditions conforms to that observed upon inhibition of the RNAPII transcript cleavage activity. Further analysis of the RNAPII accumulation downstream of transcriptional start sites illustrated that RNAPII stalling occurs at +1 nucleosomes that are depleted in the histone variant H2A.Z upon HS. Therefore, assistance of early transcript elongation by TFIIS is required for reprogramming gene expression to establish plant thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Obermeyer
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Stöckl
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schnekenburger
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henna Kapoor
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stempfl
- Center of Excellence for Fluorescent Bioanalytics (KFB), University of Regensburg, Am Biopark 9, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schwartz
- NGS Analysis Centre, Biology and Pre-Clinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus D Grasser
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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9
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Obermeyer S, Stöckl R, Schnekenburger T, Moehle C, Schwartz U, Grasser KD. Distinct role of subunits of the Arabidopsis RNA polymerase II elongation factor PAF1C in transcriptional reprogramming. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:974625. [PMID: 36247629 PMCID: PMC9558118 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.974625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is dynamic and highly regulated, thereby contributing to the implementation of gene expression programs during plant development or in response to environmental cues. The heterohexameric polymerase-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C) stabilizes the RNAPII elongation complex promoting efficient transcript synthesis. In addition, PAF1C links transcriptional elongation with various post-translational histone modifications at transcribed loci. We have exposed Arabidopsis mutants deficient in the PAF1C subunits ELF7 or CDC73 to elevated NaCl concentrations to provoke a transcriptional response. The growth of elf7 plants was reduced relative to that of wildtype under these challenging conditions, whereas cdc73 plants exhibited rather enhanced tolerance. Profiling of the transcriptional changes upon NaCl exposure revealed that cdc73 responded similar to wildtype. Relative to wildtype and cdc73, the transcriptional response of elf7 plants was severely reduced in accord with their greater susceptibility to NaCl. The data also imply that CDC73 is more relevant for the transcription of longer genes. Despite the fact that both ELF7 and CDC73 are part of PAF1C the strikingly different transcriptional response of the mutants upon NaCl exposure suggests that the subunits have (partially) specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Obermeyer
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Stöckl
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schnekenburger
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Moehle
- Center of Excellence for Fluorescent Bioanalytics (KFB), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schwartz
- NGS Analysis Centre, Biology and Pre-Clinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus D. Grasser
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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10
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Ravichandran M, Rafalski D, Davies CI, Ortega-Recalde O, Nan X, Glanfield CR, Kotter A, Misztal K, Wang AH, Wojciechowski M, Rażew M, Mayyas IM, Kardailsky O, Schwartz U, Zembrzycki K, Morison IM, Helm M, Weichenhan D, Jurkowska RZ, Krueger F, Plass C, Zacharias M, Bochtler M, Hore TA, Jurkowski TP. Pronounced sequence specificity of the TET enzyme catalytic domain guides its cellular function. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm2427. [PMID: 36070377 PMCID: PMC9451156 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
TET (ten-eleven translocation) enzymes catalyze the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine bases in DNA, thus driving active and passive DNA demethylation. Here, we report that the catalytic domain of mammalian TET enzymes favor CGs embedded within basic helix-loop-helix and basic leucine zipper domain transcription factor-binding sites, with up to 250-fold preference in vitro. Crystal structures and molecular dynamics calculations show that sequence preference is caused by intrasubstrate interactions and CG flanking sequence indirectly affecting enzyme conformation. TET sequence preferences are physiologically relevant as they explain the rates of DNA demethylation in TET-rescue experiments in culture and in vivo within the zygote and germ line. Most and least favorable TET motifs represent DNA sites that are bound by methylation-sensitive immediate-early transcription factors and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), respectively, illuminating TET function in transcriptional responses and pluripotency support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirunalini Ravichandran
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSW 1301, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Universität Stuttgart, Abteilung Biochemie, Institute für Biochemie und Technische Biochemie, Allmandring 31, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany
| | - Dominik Rafalski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw (IIMCB), Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudia I. Davies
- University of Otago, Department of Anatomy, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | | | - Xinsheng Nan
- Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Museum Avenue, CF10 3AX Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | | | - Annika Kotter
- Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Misztal
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw (IIMCB), Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrew H. Wang
- University of Otago, Department of Anatomy, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Marek Wojciechowski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw (IIMCB), Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Rażew
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw (IIMCB), Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Issam M. Mayyas
- University of Otago, Department of Pathology, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Olga Kardailsky
- University of Otago, Department of Anatomy, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Uwe Schwartz
- University of Regensburg, Computational Core Unit, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Zembrzycki
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter PAS, Pawińskiego 5B, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ian M. Morison
- University of Otago, Department of Pathology, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Mark Helm
- Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epigenomics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renata Z. Jurkowska
- Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Museum Avenue, CF10 3AX Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Felix Krueger
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Christoph Plass
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epigenomics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Bochtler
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw (IIMCB), Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS (IBB), Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Timothy A. Hore
- University of Otago, Department of Anatomy, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Tomasz P. Jurkowski
- Universität Stuttgart, Abteilung Biochemie, Institute für Biochemie und Technische Biochemie, Allmandring 31, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany
- Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Museum Avenue, CF10 3AX Cardiff, Wales, UK
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11
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Michl-Holzinger P, Obermeyer S, Markusch H, Pfab A, Ettner A, Bruckmann A, Babl S, Längst G, Schwartz U, Tvardovskiy A, Jensen ON, Osakabe A, Berger F, Grasser KD. Phosphorylation of the FACT histone chaperone subunit SPT16 affects chromatin at RNA polymerase II transcriptional start sites in Arabidopsis. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:5014-5028. [PMID: 35489065 PMCID: PMC9122599 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterodimeric histone chaperone FACT, consisting of SSRP1 and SPT16, contributes to dynamic nucleosome rearrangements during various DNA-dependent processes including transcription. In search of post-translational modifications that may regulate the activity of FACT, SSRP1 and SPT16 were isolated from Arabidopsis cells and analysed by mass spectrometry. Four acetylated lysine residues could be mapped within the basic C-terminal region of SSRP1, while three phosphorylated serine/threonine residues were identified in the acidic C-terminal region of SPT16. Mutational analysis of the SSRP1 acetylation sites revealed only mild effects. However, phosphorylation of SPT16 that is catalysed by protein kinase CK2, modulates histone interactions. A non-phosphorylatable version of SPT16 displayed reduced histone binding and proved inactive in complementing the growth and developmental phenotypes of spt16 mutant plants. In plants expressing the non-phosphorylatable SPT16 version we detected at a subset of genes enrichment of histone H3 directly upstream of RNA polymerase II transcriptional start sites (TSSs) in a region that usually is nucleosome-depleted. This suggests that some genes require phosphorylation of the SPT16 acidic region for establishing the correct nucleosome occupancy at the TSS of active genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Michl-Holzinger
- Department of Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Obermeyer
- Department of Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Markusch
- Department of Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfab
- Department of Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Ettner
- Department of Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Bruckmann
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Centre for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Babl
- Institute for Biochemistry III, Centre for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Längst
- Institute for Biochemistry III, Centre for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schwartz
- NGS Analysis Centre, Biology and Pre-Clinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrey Tvardovskiy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole N Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Akihisa Osakabe
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frédéric Berger
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus D Grasser
- Department of Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Llamazares-Prada M, Espinet E, Mijošek V, Schwartz U, Lutsik P, Tamas R, Richter M, Behrendt A, Pohl ST, Benz NP, Muley T, Warth A, Heußel CP, Winter H, Landry JJM, Herth FJ, Mertens TC, Karmouty-Quintana H, Koch I, Benes V, Korbel JO, Waszak SM, Trumpp A, Wyatt DM, Stahl HF, Plass C, Jurkowska RZ. Versatile workflow for cell type-resolved transcriptional and epigenetic profiles from cryopreserved human lung. JCI Insight 2021; 6:140443. [PMID: 33630765 PMCID: PMC8026197 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexity of lung microenvironment and changes in cellular composition during disease make it exceptionally hard to understand molecular mechanisms driving development of chronic lung diseases. Although recent advances in cell type-resolved approaches hold great promise for studying complex diseases, their implementation relies on local access to fresh tissue, as traditional tissue storage methods do not allow viable cell isolation. To overcome these hurdles, we developed a versatile workflow that allows storage of lung tissue with high viability, permits thorough sample quality check before cell isolation, and befits sequencing-based profiling. We demonstrate that cryopreservation enables isolation of multiple cell types from both healthy and diseased lungs. Basal cells from cryopreserved airways retain their differentiation ability, indicating that cellular identity is not altered by cryopreservation. Importantly, using RNA sequencing and EPIC Array, we show that gene expression and DNA methylation signatures are preserved upon cryopreservation, emphasizing the suitability of our workflow for omics profiling of lung cells. Moreover, we obtained high-quality single-cell RNA-sequencing data of cells from cryopreserved human lungs, demonstrating that cryopreservation empowers single-cell approaches. Overall, thanks to its simplicity, our workflow is well suited for prospective tissue collection by academic collaborators and biobanks, opening worldwide access to viable human tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Espinet
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Pavlo Lutsik
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, DKFZ, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the DZL, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arne Warth
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Heußel
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the DZL, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the DZL, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Felix J.F. Herth
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine and Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tinne C.J. Mertens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Ina Koch
- Asklepios Biobank for Lung Diseases, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting, DZL, Gauting, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Heiko F. Stahl
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, DKFZ, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renata Z. Jurkowska
- BioMed X Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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13
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Schwartz U, Németh A, Diermeier S, Exler JH, Hansch S, Maldonado R, Heizinger L, Merkl R, Längst G. Characterizing the nuclease accessibility of DNA in human cells to map higher order structures of chromatin. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:1239-1254. [PMID: 30496478 PMCID: PMC6379673 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Packaging of DNA into chromatin regulates DNA accessibility and consequently all DNA-dependent processes. The nucleosome is the basic packaging unit of DNA forming arrays that are suggested, by biochemical studies, to fold hierarchically into ordered higher-order structures of chromatin. This organization has been recently questioned using microscopy techniques, proposing an irregular structure. To address the principles of chromatin organization, we applied an in situ differential MNase-seq strategy and analyzed in silico the results of complete and partial digestions of human chromatin. We investigated whether different levels of chromatin packaging exist in the cell. We assessed the accessibility of chromatin within distinct domains of kb to Mb genomic regions, performed statistical analyses and computer modelling. We found no difference in MNase accessibility, suggesting no difference in fiber folding between domains of euchromatin and heterochromatin or between other sequence and epigenomic features of chromatin. Thus, our data suggests the absence of differentially organized domains of higher-order structures of chromatin. Moreover, we identified only local structural changes, with individual hyper-accessible nucleosomes surrounding regulatory elements, such as enhancers and transcription start sites. The regulatory sites per se are occupied with structurally altered nucleosomes, exhibiting increased MNase sensitivity. Our findings provide biochemical evidence that supports an irregular model of large-scale chromatin organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Schwartz
- Department of Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Attila Németh
- Department of Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Diermeier
- Department of Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Josef H Exler
- Department of Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hansch
- Department of Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Maldonado
- Department of Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Leonhard Heizinger
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Merkl
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Längst
- Department of Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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14
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Maldonado R, Schwartz U, Silberhorn E, Längst G. Nucleosomes Stabilize ssRNA-dsDNA Triple Helices in Human Cells. Mol Cell 2019; 73:1243-1254.e6. [PMID: 30770238 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin-associated non-coding RNAs modulate the epigenetic landscape and its associated gene expression program. The formation of triple helices is one mechanism of sequence-specific targeting of RNA to chromatin. With this study, we show an important role of the nucleosome and its relative positioning to the triplex targeting site (TTS) in stabilizing RNA-DNA triplexes in vitro and in vivo. Triplex stabilization depends on the histone H3 tail and the location of the TTS close to the nucleosomal DNA entry-exit site. Genome-wide analysis of TTS-nucleosome arrangements revealed a defined chromatin organization with an enrichment of arrangements that allow triplex formation at active regulatory sites and accessible chromatin. We further developed a method to monitor nucleosome-RNA triplexes in vivo (TRIP-seq), revealing RNA binding to TTS sites adjacent to nucleosomes. Our data strongly support an activating role for RNA triplex-nucleosome complexes, pinpointing triplex-mediated epigenetic regulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Maldonado
- Biochemistry Centre Regensburg (BCR), Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schwartz
- Biochemistry Centre Regensburg (BCR), Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Silberhorn
- Biochemistry Centre Regensburg (BCR), Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Längst
- Biochemistry Centre Regensburg (BCR), Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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15
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Hoffmeister H, Fuchs A, Erdel F, Pinz S, Gröbner-Ferreira R, Bruckmann A, Deutzmann R, Schwartz U, Maldonado R, Huber C, Dendorfer AS, Rippe K, Längst G. CHD3 and CHD4 form distinct NuRD complexes with different yet overlapping functionality. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:10534-10554. [PMID: 28977666 PMCID: PMC5737555 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CHD3 and CHD4 (Chromodomain Helicase DNA binding protein), two highly similar representatives of the Mi-2 subfamily of SF2 helicases, are coexpressed in many cell lines and tissues and have been reported to act as the motor subunit of the NuRD complex (nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase activities). Besides CHD proteins, NuRD contains several repressors like HDAC1/2, MTA2/3 and MBD2/3, arguing for a role as a transcriptional repressor. However, the subunit composition varies among cell- and tissue types and physiological conditions. In particular, it is unclear if CHD3 and CHD4 coexist in the same NuRD complex or whether they form distinct NuRD complexes with specific functions. We mapped the CHD composition of NuRD complexes in mammalian cells and discovered that they are isoform-specific, containing either the monomeric CHD3 or CHD4 ATPase. Both types of complexes exhibit similar intranuclear mobility, interact with HP1 and rapidly accumulate at UV-induced DNA repair sites. But, CHD3 and CHD4 exhibit distinct nuclear localization patterns in unperturbed cells, revealing a subset of specific target genes. Furthermore, CHD3 and CHD4 differ in their nucleosome remodeling and positioning behaviour in vitro. The proteins form distinct CHD3- and CHD4-NuRD complexes that do not only repress, but can just as well activate gene transcription of overlapping and specific target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hoffmeister
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fuchs
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Erdel
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Pinz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Regina Gröbner-Ferreira
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Bruckmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Deutzmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schwartz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Maldonado
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Sarah Dendorfer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Rippe
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Längst
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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16
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Wang Z, Monteiro CD, Jagodnik KM, Fernandez NF, Gundersen GW, Rouillard AD, Jenkins SL, Feldmann AS, Hu KS, McDermott MG, Duan Q, Clark NR, Jones MR, Kou Y, Goff T, Woodland H, Amaral FMR, Szeto GL, Fuchs O, Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose SM, Sharma S, Schwartz U, Bausela XB, Szymkiewicz M, Maroulis V, Salykin A, Barra CM, Kruth CD, Bongio NJ, Mathur V, Todoric RD, Rubin UE, Malatras A, Fulp CT, Galindo JA, Motiejunaite R, Jüschke C, Dishuck PC, Lahl K, Jafari M, Aibar S, Zaravinos A, Steenhuizen LH, Allison LR, Gamallo P, de Andres Segura F, Dae Devlin T, Pérez-García V, Ma'ayan A. Extraction and analysis of signatures from the Gene Expression Omnibus by the crowd. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12846. [PMID: 27667448 PMCID: PMC5052684 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression data are accumulating exponentially in public repositories. Reanalysis and integration of themed collections from these studies may provide new insights, but requires further human curation. Here we report a crowdsourcing project to annotate and reanalyse a large number of gene expression profiles from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Through a massive open online course on Coursera, over 70 participants from over 25 countries identify and annotate 2,460 single-gene perturbation signatures, 839 disease versus normal signatures, and 906 drug perturbation signatures. All these signatures are unique and are manually validated for quality. Global analysis of these signatures confirms known associations and identifies novel associations between genes, diseases and drugs. The manually curated signatures are used as a training set to develop classifiers for extracting similar signatures from the entire GEO repository. We develop a web portal to serve these signatures for query, download and visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Wang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Illuminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1215, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Caroline D. Monteiro
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Illuminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1215, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Jagodnik
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Illuminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1215, New York, New York 10029, USA
- Fluid Physics and Transport Processes Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Nicolas F. Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Illuminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1215, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Gregory W. Gundersen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Illuminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1215, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Andrew D. Rouillard
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Illuminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1215, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Sherry L. Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Illuminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1215, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Axel S. Feldmann
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Illuminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1215, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Kevin S. Hu
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Illuminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1215, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Michael G. McDermott
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Illuminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1215, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Qiaonan Duan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Illuminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1215, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Neil R. Clark
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Illuminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1215, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Matthew R. Jones
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Illuminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1215, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Yan Kou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Illuminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1215, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Troy Goff
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Illuminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1215, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | | | - Fabio M R. Amaral
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Gregory L. Szeto
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Oliver Fuchs
- Paediatric Allergology and Pulmonology, Dr von Hauner University Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Lindwurmstrasse 4, Munich 80337, Germany
| | - Sophia M. Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose
- Spinal Cord Injury Service, Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, USA
| | - Shvetank Sharma
- Department of Research, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, D1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Uwe Schwartz
- Department of Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Xabier Bengoetxea Bausela
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Maciej Szymkiewicz
- Warsaw School of Information Technology under the auspices of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 6 Newelska St, Warsaw 01–447, Poland
| | | | - Anton Salykin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Carolina M. Barra
- IMIM-Hospital Del Mar, PRBB Barcelona, Dr Aiguader, Barcelona 88.08003, Spain
| | | | - Nicholas J. Bongio
- Department of Biology, Shenandoah University, 1460 University Dr Winchester, Winchester, Virginia 22601, USA
| | | | | | - Udi E. Rubin
- Department of Biological Sciences, 600 Fairchild Center, Mail Code 2402, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Apostolos Malatras
- Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS975, CNRS FRE3617, 47 Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris 75013, France
| | - Carl T. Fulp
- 13-1, Higashi 4-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0011, Japan
| | - John A. Galindo
- Department of Biology and Institute of Genetics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Cr. 30 # 45-08, Colombia
| | - Ruta Motiejunaite
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Christoph Jüschke
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 114-118, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Lahl
- Technical University of Denmark, National Veterinary Institute, Bülowsvej 27 Building 2-3, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - Mohieddin Jafari
- Protein Chemistry and Proteomics Unit, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farwardin Ave, Jomhhoori St, Tehran 13164, Iran
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Researches in Fundamental Sciences, Niavaran Square, P.O.Box, Tehran 19395-5746, Iran
| | - Sara Aibar
- University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Madrid 37008, Spain
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, level 7, Stockholm SE141 86, Sweden
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenes Str. Engomi, P.O.Box 22006, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | - Fernando de Andres Segura
- CICAB, Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital, Elvas Av., s/n. 06006 Badajoz 06006, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Pérez-García
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Department of Immunology and Oncology, c/Darwin, 3 Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Illuminating the Druggable Genome Knowledge Management Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1215, New York, New York 10029, USA
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17
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Abstract
Ribosomal RNA genes are highly repetitive and therefore not annotated in genome assemblies. We did recently analyze the epigenetic and architectural regulation of murine ribosomal genes by the Transcription Termination Factor I and made use of genome-wide histone modification ChIP-seq data. This method paper describes how repetitive genomic regions can be integrated into custom genomic assemblies and be used with genome-wide profiling data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Schwartz
- Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Längst
- Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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18
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Diermeier S, Kolovos P, Heizinger L, Schwartz U, Georgomanolis T, Zirkel A, Wedemann G, Grosveld F, Knoch TA, Merkl R, Cook PR, Längst G, Papantonis A. TNFα signalling primes chromatin for NF-κB binding and induces rapid and widespread nucleosome repositioning. Genome Biol 2014; 15:536. [PMID: 25608606 PMCID: PMC4268828 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-014-0536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rearrangement of nucleosomes along the DNA fiber profoundly affects gene expression, but little is known about how signalling reshapes the chromatin landscape, in three-dimensional space and over time, to allow establishment of new transcriptional programs. RESULTS Using micrococcal nuclease treatment and high-throughput sequencing, we map genome-wide changes in nucleosome positioning in primary human endothelial cells stimulated with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) - a proinflammatory cytokine that signals through nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Within 10 min, nucleosomes reposition at regions both proximal and distal to NF-κB binding sites, before the transcription factor quantitatively binds thereon. Similarly, in long TNFα-responsive genes, repositioning precedes transcription by pioneering elongating polymerases and appears to nucleate from intragenic enhancer clusters resembling super-enhancers. By 30 min, widespread repositioning throughout megabase pair-long chromosomal segments, with consequential effects on three-dimensional structure (detected using chromosome conformation capture), is seen. CONCLUSIONS Whilst nucleosome repositioning is viewed as a local phenomenon, our results point to effects occurring over multiple scales. Here, we present data in support of a TNFα-induced priming mechanism, mostly independent of NF-κB binding and/or elongating RNA polymerases, leading to a plastic network of interactions that affects DNA accessibility over large domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Diermeier
- />Department of Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, Universität Strasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- />Present address: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, 11724 NY USA
| | - Petros Kolovos
- />Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- />Biophysical Genomics, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonhard Heizinger
- />Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schwartz
- />Department of Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, Universität Strasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Theodore Georgomanolis
- />Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Zirkel
- />Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gero Wedemann
- />Institute for Applied Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences Stralsund, Zur Schwedenschanze 15, 18435 Stralsund, Germany
| | - Frank Grosveld
- />Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias A Knoch
- />Biophysical Genomics, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- />BioQuant & German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Merkl
- />Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter R Cook
- />Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gernot Längst
- />Department of Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, Universität Strasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- />Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- />Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE Oxford, United Kingdom
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19
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Schwartz U, Tshimanga M, Shodu LK. Knowledge and practices of family planning in Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med 1999; 45:204-9. [PMID: 10697916 DOI: 10.4314/cajm.v45i8.8485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the level of knowledge and use of family planning in Zimbabwe. DESIGN Cross sectional study. SETTING All eight provinces and two major cities in Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS Women of child bearing age (15 to 49 years, 6,083 respondents). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number of live births, knowledge of contraceptive methods, previous, current and intention for future use of contraceptives, method related problems. RESULTS The contraceptive prevalence rate was 59.6% (CI 95% 58.4 to 60.9). The median number of live births was two (Q1 = 1, Q3 = 4) among all women, and seven (Q1 = 6, Q3 = 8) among women aged 40 to 49 years. Of 6,083 women interviewed, 5,849 (96.2%) knew at least one method of modern family planning, and 4,743 (78.0%) had ever used contraceptive in their life. Health concerns were the main reason for both discontinuation (28.5%) and postponement (22.8%) of contraceptive use. CONCLUSIONS As compared to the 1991 Mother and Child Health Survey, knowledge and coverage of family planning services have improved further, and the introduction of injectable contraceptives has proved a success. Areas which need attention include the groups with high parity that remain under served, the low knowledge and use of condoms as a contraceptive, and the high level of health concerns among current and potential users.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Schwartz
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
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20
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Schwartz U, Siziya S, Tshimanga M, Barduagni P, Chauke TL. The impact of an inadequate municipal water system on the residents of Chinhoyi town, Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med 1999; 45:148-54. [PMID: 10695185 DOI: 10.4314/cajm.v45i6.8474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the use and impact of the water reticulation system in Chinhoyi on its residents. DESIGN Cross sectional and case series studies. SETTING Chinhoyi town. SUBJECTS 600 Chinhoyi residents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Practices and perceptions of Chinhoyi residents on the water system, and distribution of water-related diseases per area of residence. RESULTS Out of 600 respondents, 565 (99.3%) had access to piped water and 558 (98.0%) to flush toilets. Breakdowns of water supply and functioning of toilet facility were reported by 308 (77.0%) and 110 (28.0%) respondents in the previous six months, respectively. Main complaints of Chinhoyi residents were about low water quality (36.2%), inadequate sewage system (31.3%) and environmental pollution (26.5%). Cases of water-related diseases were not associated with natural water bodies. CONCLUSIONS Chinhoyi residents have good access to the municipal water and an adequate sanitation system. However, low quality of the water, frequent system breakdowns and the degradation and loss of amenity of the environment impair their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Schwartz
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe Medical School, Avondale, Harare
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21
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Barduagni P, Schwartz U, Nyamayaro W, Chauke TL. In vivo testing of the therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine on falciparum malaria infections in Chirundu, Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med 1998; 44:251-4. [PMID: 10101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the level of the in vivo chloroquine efficacy in falciparum malaria infections, in order to assess the need for change in the management and treatment of uncomplicated malaria. DESIGN Prospective descriptive study. SETTING Chirundu Rural Clinic, Mashonaland West Province. SUBJECTS 63 patients confirmed by a positive blood slide for P. falciparum who attended Chirundu clinic, who were eligible for the study and, who also agreed to participate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Frequency of treatment success, early treatment failure and late treatment failure in uncomplicated patients treated with chloroquine. RESULTS Out of 63 cases enrolled and completely followed up, chloroquine treatment was effective in 54 cases (85.7%) and was not effective in nine cases (14.3%). All treatment failures were successfully treated with sulphadoxine + pyrimethamine (Fansidar) or quinine following the approved guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Chloroquine remains highly effective in the treatment of malaria due to P. falciparum in the Zambezi Valley of Hurungwe district and therefore, has to remain the first line drug. Likewise, guidelines for the use of sulphadoxine + pyrimethamine (Fansidar) or quinine as second line drugs, are adequate to the local situation. Health workers directly supervised the patients when they were swallowing the tablets during the whole course, and this without doubt, indirectly increased the efficacy of chloroquine. It is vital to confirm the malaria diagnosis on the spot appointing microscopists or distributing a limited stock of Parasight-F test.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barduagni
- Mashonaland West Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Zimbabwe/Italian Cooperation
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22
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Rüdiger HW, Schwartz U, Serrand E, Stief M, Krause T, Nowak D, Doerjer G, Lehnert G. Reduced O6-methylguanine repair in fibroblast cultures from patients with lung cancer. Cancer Res 1989; 49:5623-6. [PMID: 2551492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The activity of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase was determined in fibroblast cultures from 45 patients with lung cancer, 39 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma, and 29 healthy controls. This enzyme is a critical parameter for the capacity to repair O6-methylguanine (O6-mGua) adducts in DNA, and a decreased activity might therefore be responsible for an enhanced susceptibility to cancer. The assay was performed with 8 x 10(6) fibroblasts which were homogenized and incubated with a known amount of O6-mGua containing DNA. The remaining substrate was determined fluorimetrically after high performance liquid chromatographic separation. O6-mGua repair was significantly reduced in lung cancer patients [6.64 +/- 4.32 (SD) pmol O6-methylguanine repaired/8 x 10(6) cells] as compared to healthy controls [10.35 +/- 5.42, P less than 0.0022] or patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma [10.83 +/- 6.66]. The lowest mean values were detected in a subgroup of 16 lung cancer patients with a tumor manifestation below 46 years of age (5.06 +/- 3.89). Fibroblasts from 4 patients with lung cancer had no detectable repair. We conclude that a reduced capacity to remove O6-mGua adducts may represent a further mechanism of individually enhanced lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Rüdiger
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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23
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Schwartz U. [Contraception in the premenopausal period]. Gynakologe 1986; 19:254-8. [PMID: 3817598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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24
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Schwartz U, Moltz L, Pickartz H, Sörensen R, Römmler A. [Hyperthecosis ovarii--a tumor-like change in androgenized females]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1986; 46:391-7. [PMID: 3091442 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1035937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperthecosis has been repeatedly described as a disease entity separate from polycystic ovaries (PCO) as characterised by stromal luteinisation, obligatory virilism and purely ovarian androgen hypersecretion. This study compares the findings in patients with hyperthecosis (n = 10), PCO (n = 33) and androgen-secreting ovarian tumours (n = 7). It included selective ovarian-adrenal vein catheterisation with measurement of testosterone (T), dihydro-T, androstenedione, DHEA and its sulfate, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and cortisol before and after dexamethasone; determination of free T, oestrone, oestradiol and prolactin as well as LH and FSH before and after GnRH. In histologically proven hyperthecosis, signs of virilism were absent in 6 cases. A specific hormone profile could not be identified. Mixed ovarian-adrenal androgen hypersecretion was documented in 4 patients (purely ovarian: n = 6). Ovarian T output frequently fell within the tumour range (n = 4). It is concluded that the minor differences between hyperthecosis and PCO represent only variable manifestations of the same heterogeneous disturbance of androgen metabolism. However, it is of special clinical relevance to rule out a tumour in patients with hyperthecosis.
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Abstract
The pathophysiology of glandular androgen hypersecretion must be regarded as a continuous process without sharp borderlines from normal to non-tumorous conditions, such as polycystic ovaries and hyperthecosis, to neoplastic disease. Hirsutism and related symptoms are most often caused by excess androgens of ovarian and/or adrenal origin, i.e. testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, delta 4-androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate. As demonstrated by selective catheterization of glandular effluents, combined hypersecretion occurs more frequently then either purely gonadal or adrenal overproduction. No correlation can be found between the type, frequency and extent of hormonal changes and the clinical, laparoscopic, angiographic, or histological findings. Dynamic function tests do not reliably discriminate between the various aetiological subgroups due to extremely variable and even non-specific individual responsiveness. Selective catheterization is presently the most sensitive method for the preoperative identification and localization of androgen-secreting neoplasms.
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26
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Sörensen R, Moltz L, Schwartz U. Technical difficulties of selective venous blood sampling in the differential diagnosis of female hyperandrogenism. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1986; 9:75-82. [PMID: 2942254 DOI: 10.1007/bf02577904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To determine glandular steroid release of adrenals and ovaries in female hyperandrogenism, a standardized method for percutaneous transfemoral venous blood sampling was developed. In eight volunteers and 67 patients, catheterization was performed during the early follicular phase (days 3-7; between 8 and 10 a.m.) to reduce interference from cyclic and circadian variations of secretion. Serial samplings reduced the episodic effluent changes. Anatomical variations and collateral flow as well as stress effects and the dosage of contrast media were studied. During catheterization, peripheral cortisol levels did not differ significantly from control groups. Collaterals had no effect on hormone levels. Contrast media increased cortisol effluent levels only when they were sampled following venography. Four-vessel venous sampling was found to be indicated if peripheral testosterone was more than 1.5 ng/ml and/or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate more than 6,700 ng/ml. If an ovarian (adrenal)/peripheral gradient of testosterone exceeded 2.7 ng/ml, surgical intervention for tumor removal at the site of hormone excess was felt to be necessary.
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27
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Römmler A, Baumgarten S, Moltz L, Schwartz U, Hammerstein J. Oral contraceptives and pituitary response to GnRH: comparative study of progestin-related effects. Contraception 1985; 31:295-303. [PMID: 3158477 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(85)90098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
GnRH double stimulation (2 X 25 micrograms i.v. at a two-hour interval) was used to assess the dynamics of LH and FSH release in 25 healthy women on oral contraceptives, all containing 50 micrograms of ethinylestradiol (EE). The study included two sequential regimens (50 micrograms EE X 7 days, 50 micrograms EE + 0.125 mg desogestrel X 15 days; 50 micrograms EE X 7 days, 50 micrograms EE + 2.5 mg lynestrenol X 15 days) and three combined preparations (biphasic: 50 micrograms EE + 1 mg norethisterone acetate (NETA) X 11 days, 50 micrograms EE + 2 mg NETA X 10 days; monophasic: 50 micrograms EE + 2 mg cyproterone acetate X 21 days; 50 micrograms EE + 2.5 mg lynestrenol X 21 days). The tests were always performed on days 19 to 21 of the first treatment cycle and compared to results obtained in normally cycling controls and in women receiving 50 micrograms EE daily alone. It was found that the EE-induced augmentation of pituitary responsiveness to GnRH is diminished by the addition of progestins. LH and FSH reactions to stimulation were both affected. The degree of inhibition depended not only on the chemical structure and daily dose of the progestin component, but also on the duration of its administration per treatment cycle.
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28
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Moltz L, Sörensen R, Römmler A, Schwartz U, Hammerstein J. [Polycystic ovaries: specific disease picture or nonspecific symptom?]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1985; 45:107-14. [PMID: 3920114 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1036216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compares the clinical, biochemical and laparoscopic findings in androgenized patients with (n = 33) and without (n = 17) polycystic ovaries (PCO). It included selective ovarian-adrenal vein catheterisation with measurement of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, delta 4-androstendione, dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and cortisol in peripheral and glandular venous samples; determination of free testosterone, oestradiol, oestron, LH, FSH and prolactin in peripheral blood; GnRH and TRH double stimulation, as well as dexamethasone suppression tests. There was no correlation between the morphological, clinical, and endocrine changes. A PCO-specific hormonal pattern was not identifiable. Based on catheterisation data, combined ovarian-adrenal androgen hypersecretion was found in 46% of PCO cases; purely ovarian (21%) or adrenal (12%) overproduction were not as frequent. The dynamic function tests proved to be non-specific; e.g., dexamethasone suppressed not only adrenal, but also ovarian androgen output. It is concluded from these data that PCO are not a nosologic entity, but rather a non-obligatory sign of hyperandrogenism. Laparoscopy is, therefore, without clinical relevance in these patients with non-neoplastic hyperandrogenaemia.
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29
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Moltz L, Pickartz H, Sörensen R, Schwartz U, Hammerstein J. Ovarian and adrenal vein steroids in seven patients with androgen-secreting ovarian neoplasms: selective catheterization findings. Fertil Steril 1984; 42:585-93. [PMID: 6237938 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)48143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Standardized bilateral ovarian-adrenal vein catheterization was utilized to preoperatively assess glandular steroid release in seven consecutive cases of occult virilizing gonadal neoplasms. Peripheral testosterone (T) exceeded 1.5 ng/ml in all instances (range, 1.51 to 8.67 ng/ml). Endoscopy and radiography failed to locate the functional lesions. Catheterization showed a unilateral elevation of the ovarian-peripheral vein gradient for T greater than 2.7 ng/ml in six women. In the remaining patient, gradient analysis ruled out an adrenal tumor but did not facilitate lateralization of the gonadal lesion due to subselective ovarian effluent sampling. In addition to the consistent hypersecretion of T, variable excess gonadal output of dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was evident. Associated adrenal androgenic hyperfunction was documented in three subjects. Histologic evaluation of the implicated ovaries revealed three lipid cell, two Leydig cell, and two Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, respectively, measuring between 0.6 and 2.2 cm in diameter. No correlation was found between any of the following parameters: peripheral or glandular vein steroid levels, androgen gradients, severity of symptoms, tumor morphology, and tumor size. In conclusion, appropriate application of selective catheterization may considerably reduce the frequency and extent of operative intervention.
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Schwartz U. [Differential use of sex hormones during the perimenopause]. Fortschr Med 1984; 102:853-5. [PMID: 6489890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Various regimens are available for hormone replacement in perimenopausal patients. Their pharmacodynamic effects differ e.g. in respect to the relief of subjective climacteric symptoms, the risk of endometrial cancer, the prevention of osteoporosis and the alterations of lipid metabolism. In view of the conflicting epidemiologic data general long-term prophylaxis in all climacteric women cannot be recommended at present. The institution of therapy requires valid indications and careful assessment of relative risks. Today, the cyclic administration of oral estrogen-progestin combinations may be regarded as the method of choice. However, treatment can and should be individualized. The practical aspects of a differential management are discussed. With prudent use, the benefits of perimenopausal hormone replacement clearly outweigh their potential disadvantages.
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Moltz L, Schwartz U, Sörensen R, Pickartz H, Hammerstein J. Ovarian and adrenal vein steroids in patients with nonneoplastic hyperandrogenism: selective catheterization findings. Fertil Steril 1984; 42:69-75. [PMID: 6233180 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)47960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Standardized bilateral ovarian-adrenal vein catheterization was utilized to assess directly glandular steroid release in 60 androgenized women without evidence of a functional neoplasm. Testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione (delta 4 A), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), and cortisol (F) were measured by radioimmunoassay in samples obtained from a peripheral vein and the four glandular veins (all values are given as nanograms per milliliter, mean +/- standard deviation). Peripheral values were as follows: T, 0.68 +/- 0.43; DHT, 0.32 +/- 0.13; delta 4 A, 2.2 +/- 2.0; DHEA, 8.8 +/- 8.9; DHEA-S, 3137 +/- 1774; 17-OHP, 2.0 +/- 3.0; and F, 216 +/- 121. Peripheral elevations of at least one androgen were found in 80% of the 60 cases (T, 38%; DHT, 18%; delta 4 A, 50%; DHEA, 45%; and DHEA-S, 37%). Ovarian-peripheral vein gradients ( OPGs ) and adrenal-peripheral vein gradients ( APGs ) served as semiquantitative estimates of glandular secretion. OPGs were as follows: T, 0.4 +/- 1.1; DHT, 0.1 +/- 0.2; delta 4 A, 3.4 +/- 7.0; DHEA, 14.6 +/- 100; DHEA-S, -288 +/- 523; 17-OHP, 4.5 +/- 8.4; and F, -35 +/- 47. APGs were as follows: T, 0.88 +/- 1.3; DHT, 1.1 +/- 0.9; delta 4 A, 14.4 +/- 38.4; DHEA, 327 +/- 367; DHEA-S, 854 +/- 1223; 17-OHP, 20.8 +/- 41.3; and F, 1252 +/- 2023. Excess ovarian and/or adrenal androgen output was assumed in a given individual when one or more of the respective T, DHT, delta 4 A, DHEA, and DHEA-S gradients exceeded the upper 95% confidence limits of normal previously established in this laboratory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Moltz L, Sörensen R, Schwartz U, Hammerstein J. Ovarian and adrenal vein steroids in healthy women with ovulatory cycles--selective catheterization findings. J Steroid Biochem 1984; 20:901-5. [PMID: 6708560 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(84)90403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bilateral ovarian-adrenal vein catheterization and androgen measurements in the efferent samples were utilized to directly assess glandular steroid release in 8 healthy volunteers with proven ovulatory cycles during the early follicular phase. Side effects did not occur in any of the women. Hormone levels were as follows (mean +/- SD; ng/ml) T: peripheral vein (PV) 0.36 +/- 0.16, ovarian veins (OV) 0.39 +/- 0.13, adrenal veins (AV) 0.85 +/- 0.63; dihydro-T (DHT): PV 0.25 +/- 0.09, OV 0.29 +/- 0.10, AV 0.93 +/- 0.65; delta 4-androstendione (A): PV 0.88 +/- 0.34, OV 1.82 +/- 1.04, AV 9.22 +/- 8.04; DHEA; PV 5.13 +/- 1.96, OV 6.73 +/- 2.69, AV 146.79 +/- 217.24; DS PV 1860 +/- 850, OV 1937 +/- 1039, AV 2567 +/- 1201; 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17P): PV 0.60 +/- 0.19, OV 1.46 +/- 1.64, AV 6.94 +/- 6.20; F: PV 170 +/- 50, OV 130 +/- 21, AV 788 +/- 1320; the bilateral differences of effluent levels were not significant. Glandular-peripheral vein steroid gradients served as semiquantitative estimates of momentary secretory activity; they were as follows (mean +/- SD; ng/ml) T: ovarian-peripheral vein gradient (OPG) 0.03 +/- 0.09, adrenal-peripheral vein gradient (APG) 0.48 +/- 0.57; DHT: OPG 0.05 +/- 0.05, APG 0.69 +/- 0.60; A: OPG 0.97 +/- 1.13, APG 8.33 +/- 7.86; DHEA: OPG 1.70 +/- 1.80, APG 141.80 +/- 216.60; DS: OPG 191 +/- 72, APG 706 +/- 824; 17P: OPG 0.87 +/- 1.67, APG 6.30 +/- 6.10; F: OPG 38 +/- 11, APG 610 +/- 1329. Gradient, analysis revealed that the ovaries produced significant quantities of A, DHEA and 17P, but no T, DHT or F between day 3-7 of the cycle; direct gonadal DS output was detected in 2 individuals. A significant OPG for DS was detected in two individuals possibly indicating its partially gonadal origin. The adrenals released larger amounts of A, DHEA and 17P than the ovaries at this stage (P less than 0.05); also, they consistently secreted T, DHT, DS and F.
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Moltz L, Pickartz H, Sörensen R, Schwartz U, Hammerstein J. A Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor and pregnancy. Clinical, endocrine, radiologic, and electron microscopic findings. Arch Gynecol 1983; 233:295-308. [PMID: 6660923 DOI: 10.1007/bf02133804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An extremely rare case of a conception occurring in a 26-year-old patient with a small virilizing Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (diameter: 0.6 cm), bilateral polycystic ovaries and non-tumorous adrenal hyperandrogenism is presented. Prepregnancy findings included hirsutism, clitoromegaly, secondary amenorrhea, and elevated peripheral plasma testosterone (T; 5.7 ng/ml). Extensive basal steroid screening, dynamic function tests, conventional radiologic procedures, selective glandular vein catheterization, and laparoscopy failed to localize unequivocally the source of androgen excess, but suggested bilateral adrenal involvement. The patient conceived during the diagnostic work-up; peripheral T levels increased to 12.1 ng/ml within the first trimester. An exploratory laparotomy with left adrenalectomy, right adrenal biopsy and left ovarian wedge resection revealed an incompletely removed Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, but normal adrenal histology. The pregnancy was terminated, a left oophorectomy and right ovarian wedge resection were performed at 14 weeks' gestation. Subsequently, peripheral androgens returned to normal, regular menses resumed, and hirsutism disappeared. Three years later the patient delivered a healthy female infant.
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Abstract
The review discusses (1) the relationship between the endocrine actions of antiandrogens and their therapeutic efficacy and (2) recent chemical and pharmacokinetic data on cyproterone acetate (CPA). It also provides (3) a comparison of CPA and spironolactone regarding the tentative benefits and risks and offers (4) general rules for the drug treatment of androgenized women. Clinical results indicate that those agents are most effective which not only competitively inhibit androgen binding at the receptor level but also suppress androgen secretion and/or production. The combined mode of action is observed with CPA as well as spironolactone. Pharmacokinetic studies underline the necessity to restrict CPA administration in huge doses to the first half of a treatment cycle in order to avoid bleeding disturbances. Also it appears that individual differences in CPA bioavailability do not satisfactorily explain the lack of therapeutic response in about 30% of the cases. Data are presented hinting that the 15 beta-hydroxy-, metabolite of CPA may actually be the biologically active agent. In addition preliminary results are given indicating that intramuscular CPA is therapeutically more effective than oral CPA.
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Schwartz U, Moltz L, Brotherton J, Hammerstein J. The diagnostic value of plasma free testosterone in non-tumorous and tumorous hyperandrogenism. Fertil Steril 1983; 40:66-72. [PMID: 6862041 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)47179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The clinical significance of total and free testosterone (T) estimates for the diagnostic approach to hirsute patients was assessed. Plasma T was measured by radioimmunoassay and its non-protein-bound fraction was determined by equilibrium dialysis, thus facilitating the calculation of apparent free T (AFT). The cases of 162 subjects were investigated; the subjects included 75 women in whom glandular androgen release had been defined by selective catheterization. A positive linear correlation was observed between both parameters over a wide range of concentrations (T, 153 to 10,700 pg/ml; AFT, 0.8 to 342 pg/ml; P less than 0.001). Significant differences of mean T and AFT levels were found between healthy control subjects (n = 8) and subjects with non-tumorous hyperandrogenism (n = 60; P less than 0.005). Individual values overlapped considerably; elevated T (greater than 640 pg/ml; 48%) or AFT (greater than 7.2 pg/ml; 52%) were present in only half the hirsute women. However, the upper 95% confidence limits of normal for both indices were exceeded in all patients with androgen-secreting ovarian tumors (n = 7). It is concluded that the indirect estimation of AFT in addition to T is time-consuming, costly, without practical value in selecting the proper treatment, and therefore not mandatory in the routine evaluation of androgenized women.
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Wildt L, Schwilden H, Wesner G, Roll C, Luckhaus J, Leyendecker G, Maurer W, Braendle W, BEttendorf G, Baumgarten S, Römmler A, Moltz L, Schwartz U, Hammerstein J, Brückner T, Nitschke-Dabelstein S, Bollmann W, Braun S, Sturm G, Wurster KG, Keller E, Zwirner M, Schindler AE, Jeschke D, Berg D, Michael S, Mickan H, Baumann R, Dannhof S, Taubert HD, Schweditsch MO, Urdl W, Pürstner P, Braendle W, Stegner HE, Held K, Bettendorf G, Braendle W, Zimmermann R, Sprotte C, Bettendorf G, Kranzfelder D, Mestwerdt W, Korr H, Zimmermann R, Rodriguez-Rigau L, Steinberger E, Venn HJ, Wildt L, Braun P, Schuhmacher H, Hansmann M, Leyendecker G, Carstensen MH, Kleinkauf-Houcken A, Simon W, Nitschke-Dabelstein S, Zwiens G, Sturm G, Geisthövel F, Zabel G, Skubsch U, Schillinger H, Breckwoldt M, Moltz L, Schwartz U, Hammerstein J, Grill HJ, Manz B, Elger W, Pollow K, Eiermann W, Jawny J, Hartmann J, Luderschmidt C, Hoffmann G, Happ J, Hey O, Ackermann RH, Pollow K, Beyer J. Endokrinologie. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02428739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Moltz L, Haase F, Schwartz U, Hammerstein J. [Treatment of virilized women with intramuscular administration of cyproterone acetate]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1983; 43:281-7. [PMID: 6223851 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1036893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of hirsutism with high-dose oral cyproterone acetate (CPA) is associated with a failure rate of about 30%. The present investigation analyses the efficacy of parenteral CPA administration in non-tumorous hyperandrogenism. Medium-dose CPA (300 mg) was injected intramuscularly once per month, followed by oral ethinylestradiol (40 micrograms daily) for 21 days in 42 patients (total of 293 treatment cycles). The onset of withdrawal bleeding was 3 to 8 days later. This regimen was used as primary therapy (group A; n = 18) as well as follow-up therapy in low-dose (group B; n = 10) and high-dose oral standard CPA failures (group C; n = 14). The following satisfactory or good response rates were observed in regard to hirsutism: group A 83,5%, group B 100%, group C 57%; seborrhea A and B 100%, C 89%; acne and androgenetic alopecia A and B and C 100%. Clinical side effects occurred in 20 patients; they corresponded in type and frequency to those elicited by the high-dose oral standard medication and resulted in termination of treatment in only 3 patients. Pilot studies regarding the pharmacokinetics of CPA as well as the effects on plasma total and free testosterone and prolactin failed to explain the therapeutic superiority of parenteral CPA (n = 7 women). Still, it may be concluded that intramuscular CPA administration represents a new and highly effective means of managing hirsute females.
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Schwartz U, Volger H, Schneller E, Moltz L, Hammerstein J. Effects of various replacement oestrogens on hepatic transcortin synthesis in climacteric women. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1983; 102:103-6. [PMID: 6297207 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.1020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The influence of peri-menopausal oestrogen replacement therapy upon protein synthesis in the liver was investigated. Changes in the cortisol-binding capacity of transcortin (TC-BC) were utilized as an indicator of hepatic oestrogen sensitivity. Forty-two climacteric women were studied before and after treatment with various drugs at different doses (patients receiving identical compounds served as their own controls for the evaluation of dosage effects; duration of medication: 14 days at each dose). Oral administration of oestriol (1 and 2 mg daily; n = 6), oestriol (1 and 2 mg daily) + oestradiol-17 beta (2 and 4 mg daily; n = 8), oestradiol valerate (1, 2, 4 and 6 mg daily; n = 6), conjugated equine oestrogens (0.3 and 0.6 mg daily; n = 6), sodium oestrone sulphate (0.8 and 1.6 mg daily) + sodium equilin sulphate (0.2 and 0.4 mg daily; n = 6) and quinoestrol (25 micrograms daily; n = 6) failed to alter TC-BC. However, ingestion of higher doses of conjugated equine oestrogens (0.9 and 1.25 mg daily; n = 5) and quinoestrol (50 micrograms daily; n = 6) caused a significant rise (P less than 0.01). Ethinyloestradiol was given orally as a reference substance and elicited an elevation of expected magnitude. Vaginal administration of dienoestrol cream (1 mg daily; n = 4) did not change TC-BC. These data indicate that the hepatotrophic effects of replacement oestrogens vary depending on the preparation and dosage selected for treatment.
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Römmler A, Baumgarten S, Schwartz U, Hammerstein J. Anti-estrogenic effects of contraceptive progestins on the dynamics of gonadotropin release. Contraception 1982; 25:619-27. [PMID: 6214371 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(82)90063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The hypophysiotropic effects of ethinylestradiol (EE) alone and in combination with three different progestins at various doses were assessed in 39 normal women. The compounds were given orally for 7 to 21 days. Serum LH and FSH were measured before and after GnRH double stimulation (2 x 25 micrograms i.v. at a two-hour interval); the ratio between second and first response served as an index of gonadotropin-synthesis capacity. Compared to pretreatment early follicular phase controls (LH and FSH ratios of 1.3 and 1.4), administration of 40 and 50 micrograms of EE daily elicited a significant amplification of LH and FSH synthesis (LH ratios of 2.2 and 3.3; FSH ratios of 2.8 and 3.3). By contrast, 80 micrograms of EE daily caused little change. The EE-induced rise of pituitary responsiveness to GnRH could be counteracted by the addition of progestins. The degree of inhibition as dependent on the type and dose of the progestational compound. It is concluded that the standardization GnRH double stimulation technique may serve as a pharmacodynamic model to quantitate the estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects of contraceptive steroids at the pituitary level.
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Schneller E, Felshart K, Fischmann S, Schwartz U, Bruntsch KH. [Operative complications of laparoscopic tubal sterilization with Bleier clips (author's transl)]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1982; 42:379-84. [PMID: 6213443 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1036780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The operative complications of 1613 laparoscopic tubal sterilization with Bleier clips were evaluated in a prospective study at the Stadtkrankenhaus Offenbach/M from March 1978 to July 1981 (1239 interval and 374 postabortal procedures; two-puncture technique under general endotracheal anaesthesia). No major complications requiring laparotomy occurred. Minor intraoperative complications were observed in 8.4% of cases. Clip-related problems were encountered in 1.9% (slight tubal or mesosalpingeal bleeding). Other complications included haemorrhage at the puncture site (2.4%), preperitoneal emphysema (1.8%) and uterine perforation during curettage (1,6%). Technical difficulties were recorded in 8,4% of sterilizations; in 6.6% more than one clip per tube was placed to effect complete tubal occlusion. Adnexal pathology prohibited bilateral clip application in 4 women (0.3%). Postoperative complications were negligible. No pregnancies have yet been reported during a mean follow-up period of 17 months. A successful refertilization procedure was performed on one patient. It is concluded that this technique represents a commendable alternative to convention methods of tubal sterilization due to its low operative morbidity, acceptable contraceptive safety and potential reversibility.
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Schwartz U, Schneller E, Moltz L, Hammerstein J. Vaginal administration of ethinylestradiol: effects on ovulation and hepatic transcortin synthesis. Contraception 1982; 25:253-9. [PMID: 7075195 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(82)90048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ethinylestradiol (EE) was given vaginally to circumvent the intestinal metabolism and initial liver passage which follow oral intake. This route of administration was chosen in an effort to enhance the antiovulatory potency of EE, while decreasing adverse hepatic reactions. Vaginal tablets containing 20-30 micrograms of EE were taken daily by 7 ovulating volunteers from day 5 to day 25 of the menstrual cycle. The regimen resulted in serum EE levels of 62 +/- 27 pg/ml (mean +/- S.D.) 8-10 hours after insertion. Ovulation was inhibited in 5 women (monophasic basal body temperature curves, serum progesterone levels of 0.9 +/- 1.1 ng/ml during the second half of the treatment cycle). The cortisol-binding capacity of transcortin was significantly elevated in all subjects (52.3 +/- 6.4 micrograms/100 ml; controls 25.7 +/- 2.2 micrograms/100 ml). These findings indicate that intravaginal EE is twice as potent as oral EE in regard to inhibition of ovulation as well as stimulation of the hepatic transcortin synthesis. Vaginal administration apparently increases the bioavailability of EE; it does not facilitate a selective reduction of estrogenic effects upon the liver.
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Schwartz U, Moltz L, Pickartz H, Sörensen R, Römmler A, Hammerstein J. Hyperthecosis ovarii: Histologie, Klinik und Endokrinologie. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02429559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Moltz L, Schwartz U, Pickartz H, Hammerstein J, Wolf U. XY gonadal dysgenesis: aberrant testicular differentiation in the presence of H-Y antigen. Obstet Gynecol 1981; 58:17-25. [PMID: 7195530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Six patients with pure nonmosaic 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis (XY GD) and histocompatibility H-Y antigen titers in the normal male range (H-Y+) are presented. Clinical characteristics included a female phenotype, masculine skeletal characteristics, signs of virilization, and primary amenorrhea. All individuals had unambiguous female external genitalia, a hypoplastic uterus, bilateral tubes, and streak gonads. Histomorphologic evaluation of the gonads revealed various abortive testicular and ovarian elements capable of steroid production. Gonadal tumors were found in 4 patients (gonadoblastoma, dysgerminoma, granulosa cell tumor, myxofibroma). Plasma and urinary androgens and basal and stimulated gonadotropin levels were elevated prior to gonadectomy. Data show that the presence of the H-Y antigen per se does not guarantee normal testicular organogenesis. It is hypothesized that defective H-Y antigen binding to its gonadal receptors triggers aberrant testicular differentiation in 46,XY H-Y+ GD.
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Schwartz U, Moltz L, Hammerstein J. [Hyperandrogenemic ovarian insufficiency]. Gynakologe 1981; 14:119-30. [PMID: 6790355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Moltz L, Römmler A, Post K, Schwartz U, Hammerstein J. Medium dose cyproterone acetate (CPA): effects on hormone secretion and on spermatogenesis in men. Contraception 1980; 21:393-413. [PMID: 6771095 DOI: 10.1016/s0010-7824(80)80017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Medium dose cyproterone acetate (CPA; 10 mg daily p.o.) was administered to 10 fertile men for 12 weeks. Hormonal measurements and semen analyses were performed before, during (4th and 12th week) and after CPA treatment. At the hypothalamo-pituitary level CPA significantly reduced the hypophyseal storage and synthesis capacity for gonadotropins. Basal LH and FSH concentrations were suppressed by 30% and 40%, respectively; while basal prolactin was elevated by 75%. The episodic fluctuations of peripheral gonadotropins remained unaffected. At the testicular level CPA significantly decreased basal testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations by 70% and 50%, respectively. The pulsatile pattern of androgen secretion was abolished. CPA also inhibited spermatogenesis and motility. No serious clinical side effects were observed. All changes appeared to be completely reversible. It is concluded that medium dose CPA induces progestational/anti-gonadotropic effects at the hypothalamo-pituitary level in addition to its antiandrogenic action at the testicular level.
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Moltz L, Schwartz U, Hammerstein J. [Clinical use of antiandrogens in the female]. Gynakologe 1980; 13:1-17. [PMID: 6299908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hammerstein J, Fotherby K, Goldzieher JW, Johansson ED, Schwartz U. Clinical pharmacology of contraceptive steroids. Report on a workshop conference held in Igls, Austria May 4-7, 1978. Contraception 1979; 20:187-200. [PMID: 509952 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(79)90093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Moltz L, Römmler A, Schwartz U, Bidlingmaier F, Hammerstein J. Peripheral steroid-gonadotropin interactions and diagnostic significance of double-stimulation tests with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in polycystic ovarian disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979; 134:813-8. [PMID: 380343 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(79)90952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Moltz L, Römmler A, Schwartz U, Bidlingmaier F, Hammerstein J. [Recent aspects in hormonal diagnosis of polycystic ovaries (PCO)]. Arch Gynecol 1979; 228:566-7. [PMID: 485474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Baumann R, Kuhl H, Taubert HD, Sandow J, Naber NG, Bohnet HG, Hanker JP, Keller E, Schneider HPG, Etzrodt A, Friedrich E, Bögershausen P, Keller E, Zubke W, Göser R, Becker H, Friedrich E, Schneider HPG, Wyss HI, Schindle AE, Friedrich E, Etzrodt A, Dericks-Tan JSE, Renner A, Baumann R, Taubert HD, Campana A, Wyss HI, Harrant G, Eppenberger U, Huber P, Haner JP, Ende U, Bohnet HG, Schneider HPG, Schindler AE, Nesch A, Zubke W, Göser R, Keller E, Richter D, Peters F, Breckwoldt M, Llauró JL, Moltz L, Römmler A, Schwartz U, Bidlingmaier F, Hammerstein J. Gonadotropin-Releasing-Faktor. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02427524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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