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Sugiura M, Kimura M, Shimamoto N, Takegawa Y, Nakamura M, Koyama K, Sellés J, Boussac A, Rutherford AW. Tuning of the Chl D1 and Chl D2 properties in photosystem II by site-directed mutagenesis of neighbouring amino acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149013. [PMID: 37717932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.149013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II is the water/plastoquinone photo-oxidoreductase of photosynthesis. The photochemistry and catalysis occur in a quasi-symmetrical heterodimer, D1D2, that evolved from a homodimeric ancestor. Here, we studied site-directed mutants in PSII from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechoccocus elongatus, focusing on the primary electron donor chlorophyll a in D1, ChlD1, and on its symmetrical counterpart in D2, ChlD2, which does not play a direct photochemical role. The main conserved amino acid specific to ChlD1 is D1/T179, which H-bonds the water ligand to its Mg2+, while its counterpart near ChlD2 is the non-H-bonding D2/I178. The symmetrical-swapped mutants, D1/T179I and D2/I178T, and a second ChlD2 mutant, D2/I178H, were studied. The D1 mutations affected the 686 nm absorption attributed to ChlD1, while the D2 mutations affected a 663 nm feature, tentatively attributed to ChlD2. The mutations had little effect on enzyme activity and forward electron transfer, reflecting the robustness of the overall enzyme function. In contrast, the mutations significantly affected photodamage and protective mechanisms, reflecting the importance of redox tuning in these processes. In D1/T179I, the radical pair recombination triplet on ChlD1 was shared onto a pheophytin, presumably PheD1 and the detection of 3PheD1 supports the proposed mechanism for the anomalously short lifetime of 3ChlD1; e.g. electron transfer quenching by QA- of 3PheD1 after triplet transfer from 3ChlD1. In D2/I178T, a charge separation could occur between ChlD2 and PheD2, a reaction that is thought to occur in ancestral precursors of PSII. These mutants help understand the evolution of asymmetry in PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Sugiura
- Proteo-Science Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Masaya Kimura
- Proteo-Science Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Naohiro Shimamoto
- Proteo-Science Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yuki Takegawa
- Proteo-Science Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakamura
- Proteo-Science Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kazumi Koyama
- Proteo-Science Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Julien Sellés
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS 7141 and Sorbonne Université, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alain Boussac
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR9198, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
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2
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Das M, Du Y, Mortensen JS, Ramos M, Ghani L, Lee HJ, Bae HE, Byrne B, Guan L, Loland CJ, Kobilka BK, Chae PS. Trehalose-cored amphiphiles for membrane protein stabilization: importance of the detergent micelle size in GPCR stability. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3249-3257. [PMID: 30843907 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03153c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite their importance in biology and medicinal chemistry, structural and functional studies of membrane proteins present major challenges. To study diverse membrane proteins, it is crucial to have the correct detergent to efficiently extract and stabilize the proteins from the native membranes for biochemical/biophysical downstream analyses. But many membrane proteins, particularly eukaryotic ones, are recalcitrant to stabilization and/or crystallization with currently available detergents and thus there are major efforts to develop novel detergents with enhanced properties. Here, a novel class of trehalose-cored amphiphiles are introduced, with multiple alkyl chains and carbohydrates projecting from the trehalose core unit are introduced. A few members displayed enhanced protein stabilization behavior compared to the benchmark conventional detergent, n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside (DDM), for multiple tested membrane proteins: (i) a bacterial leucine transporter (LeuT), (ii) the R. capsulatus photosynthetic superassembly, and (iii) the human β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR). Due to synthetic convenience and their favourable behaviors for a range of membrane proteins, these agents have potential for membrane protein research. In addition, the detergent property-efficacy relationship discussed here will guide future design of novel detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabendra Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 155-88, Korea.
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3
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Faries KM, Kohout CE, Wang GX, Hanson DK, Holten D, Laible PD, Kirmaier C. Consequences of saturation mutagenesis of the protein ligand to the B-side monomeric bacteriochlorophyll in reaction centers from Rhodobacter capsulatus. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 141:273-290. [PMID: 30859455 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In bacterial reaction centers (RCs), photon-induced initial charge separation uses an A-side bacteriochlorophyll (BChl, BA) and bacteriopheophytin (BPh, HA), while the near-mirror image B-side BB and HB cofactors are inactive. Two new sets of Rhodobacter capsulatus RC mutants were designed, both bearing substitution of all amino acids for the native histidine M180 (M-polypeptide residue 180) ligand to the core Mg ion of BB. Residues are identified that largely result in retention of a BChl in the BB site (Asp, Ser, Pro, Gln, Asn, Gly, Cys, Lys, and Thr), ones that largely harbor the Mg-free BPh in the BB site (Leu and Ile), and ones for which isolated RCs are comprised of a substantial mixture of these two RC types (Ala, Glu, Val, Met and, in one set, Arg). No protein was isolated when M180 is Trp, Tyr, Phe, or (in one set) Arg. These findings are corroborated by ground state spectra, pigment extractions, ultrafast transient absorption studies, and the yields of B-side transmembrane charge separation. The changes in coordination chemistries did not reveal an RC with sufficiently precise poising of the redox properties of the BB-site cofactor to result in a high yield of B-side electron transfer to HB. Insights are gleaned into the amino acid properties that support BChl in the BB site and into the widely observed multi-exponential decay of the excited state of the primary electron donor. The results also have direct implications for tuning free energies of the charge-separated intermediates in RCs and mimetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Faries
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Claire E Kohout
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Grace Xiyu Wang
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Deborah K Hanson
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Philip D Laible
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Christine Kirmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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4
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Sadaf A, Ramos M, Mortensen JS, Du Y, Bae HE, Munk CF, Hariharan P, Byrne B, Kobilka BK, Loland CJ, Guan L, Chae PS. Conformationally Restricted Monosaccharide-Cored Glycoside Amphiphiles: The Effect of Detergent Headgroup Variation on Membrane Protein Stability. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1717-1726. [PMID: 31305987 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detergents are widely used to isolate membrane proteins from lipid bilayers, but many proteins solubilized in conventional detergents are structurally unstable. Thus, there is major interest in the development of novel amphiphiles to facilitate membrane protein research. In this study, we have designed and synthesized novel amphiphiles with a rigid scyllo-inositol core, designated scyllo-inositol glycosides (SIGs). Varying the headgroup structure allowed the preparation of three sets of SIGs that were evaluated for their effects on membrane protein stability. When tested with a few model membrane proteins, representative SIGs conferred enhanced stability to the membrane proteins compared to a gold standard conventional detergent (DDM). Of the novel amphiphiles, a SIG designated STM-12 was most effective at preserving the stability of the multiple membrane proteins tested here. In addition, a comparative study of the three sets suggests that several factors, including micelle size and alkyl chain length, need to be considered in the development of novel detergents for membrane protein research. Thus, this study not only describes new detergent tools that are potentially useful for membrane protein structural study but also introduces plausible correlations between the chemical properties of detergents and membrane protein stabilization efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Sadaf
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan 155-88, Korea
| | - Manuel Ramos
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Jonas S. Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hyoung Eun Bae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan 155-88, Korea
| | - Chastine F. Munk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Brian K. Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan 155-88, Korea
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5
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Ehsan M, Du Y, Mortensen JS, Hariharan P, Qu Q, Ghani L, Das M, Grethen A, Byrne B, Skiniotis G, Keller S, Loland CJ, Guan L, Kobilka BK, Chae PS. Self-Assembly Behavior and Application of Terphenyl-Cored Trimaltosides for Membrane-Protein Studies: Impact of Detergent Hydrophobic Group Geometry on Protein Stability. Chemistry 2019; 25:11545-11554. [PMID: 31243822 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Amphipathic agents are widely used in various fields including biomedical sciences. Micelle-forming detergents are particularly useful for in vitro membrane-protein characterization. As many conventional detergents are limited in their ability to stabilize membrane proteins, it is necessary to develop novel detergents to facilitate membrane-protein research. In the current study, we developed novel trimaltoside detergents with an alkyl pendant-bearing terphenyl unit as a hydrophobic group, designated terphenyl-cored maltosides (TPMs). We found that the geometry of the detergent hydrophobic group substantially impacts detergent self-assembly behavior, as well as detergent efficacy for membrane-protein stabilization. TPM-Vs, with a bent terphenyl group, were superior to the linear counterparts (TPM-Ls) at stabilizing multiple membrane proteins. The favorable protein stabilization efficacy of these bent TPMs is likely associated with a binding mode with membrane proteins distinct from conventional detergents and facial amphiphiles. When compared to n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside (DDM), most TPMs were superior or comparable to this gold standard detergent at stabilizing membrane proteins. Notably, TPM-L3 was particularly effective at stabilizing the human β2 adrenergic receptor (β2 AR), a G-protein coupled receptor, and its complex with Gs protein. Thus, the current study not only provides novel detergent tools that are useful for membrane-protein study, but also suggests a critical role for detergent hydrophobic group geometry in governing detergent efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ehsan
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea.,Current address: Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science & Technology, Mirpur, AJK, 10250, Pakistan)
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Qianhui Qu
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lubna Ghani
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea
| | - Manabendra Das
- Molecular Biophysics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anne Grethen
- Molecular Biophysics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sandro Keller
- Molecular Biophysics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | | | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea
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6
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Ehsan M, Kumar A, Mortensen JS, Du Y, Hariharan P, Kumar KK, Ha B, Byrne B, Guan L, Kobilka BK, Loland CJ, Chae PS. Self-Assembly Behaviors of a Penta-Phenylene Maltoside and Its Application for Membrane Protein Study. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1926-1931. [PMID: 30969484 PMCID: PMC7239035 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We prepared an amphiphile with a penta-phenylene lipophilic group and a branched trimaltoside head group. This new agent, designated penta-phenylene maltoside (PPM), showed a marked tendency to self-assembly into micelles via strong aromatic-aromatic interactions in aqueous media, as evidenced by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and fluorescence studies. When utilized for membrane protein studies, this new agent was superior to DDM, a gold standard conventional detergent, in stabilizing multiple proteins long term. The ability of this agent to form aromatic-aromatic interactions is likely responsible for enhanced protein stabilization when associated with a target membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ehsan
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science&Technology (MUST), Mirpur-, 10250 (AJK), Pakistan
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Kaavya K Kumar
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Betty Ha
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea
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7
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Ehsan M, Du Y, Molist I, Seven AB, Hariharan P, Mortensen JS, Ghani L, Loland CJ, Skiniotis G, Guan L, Byrne B, Kobilka BK, Chae PS. Vitamin E-based glycoside amphiphiles for membrane protein structural studies. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:2489-2498. [PMID: 29564464 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00270c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins play critical roles in a variety of cellular processes. For a detailed molecular level understanding of their biological functions and roles in disease, it is necessary to extract them from the native membranes. While the amphipathic nature of these bio-macromolecules presents technical challenges, amphiphilic assistants such as detergents serve as useful tools for membrane protein structural and functional studies. Conventional detergents are limited in their ability to maintain the structural integrity of membrane proteins and thus it is essential to develop novel agents with enhanced properties. Here, we designed and characterized a novel class of amphiphiles with vitamin E (i.e., α-tocopherol) as the hydrophobic tail group and saccharide units as the hydrophilic head group. Designated vitamin E-based glycosides (VEGs), these agents were evaluated for their ability to solubilize and stabilize a set of membrane proteins. VEG representatives not only conferred markedly enhanced stability to a diverse range of membrane proteins compared to conventional detergents, but VEG-3 also showed notable efficacy toward stabilization and visualization of a membrane protein complex. In addition to hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of detergent molecules, the chain length and molecular geometry of the detergent hydrophobic group seem key factors in determining detergent efficacy for membrane protein (complex) stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ehsan
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea.
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Iago Molist
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Alpay B Seven
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, DK- 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lubna Ghani
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea.
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, DK- 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | | | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea.
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8
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Saggu M, Fried SD, Boxer SG. Local and Global Electric Field Asymmetry in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:1527-1536. [PMID: 30668130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b11458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The origin of unidirectional electron transfer in photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) has been widely discussed. Despite the high level of structural similarity between the two branches of pigments that participate in the initial electron transfer steps of photosynthesis, electron transfer only occurs along one branch. One possible explanation for this functional asymmetry is the differences in the electrostatic environment between the active and the inactive branches arising from the charges and dipoles of the organized protein structure. We present an analysis of electric fields in the RC of the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides using the intrinsic carbonyl groups of the pigments as vibrational reporters whose vibrational frequency shifts can be converted into electric fields based on the vibrational Stark effect and also provide Stark effect data for plant pigments that can be used in future studies. The carbonyl stretches of the isolated pigments show pronounced Stark effects. We use these data, solvatochromism, molecular dynamics simulations, and data in the literature from IR and Raman spectra to evaluate differences in fields at symmetry-related positions, in particular at the 9-keto and 2-acetyl positions of the pigments involved in primary charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Saggu
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-5080 , United States
| | - Stephen D Fried
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-5080 , United States
| | - Steven G Boxer
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-5080 , United States
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9
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Bae HE, Du Y, Hariharan P, Mortensen JS, Kumar KK, Ha B, Das M, Lee HS, Loland CJ, Guan L, Kobilka BK, Chae PS. Asymmetric maltose neopentyl glycol amphiphiles for a membrane protein study: effect of detergent asymmetricity on protein stability. Chem Sci 2018; 10:1107-1116. [PMID: 30774908 PMCID: PMC6346398 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02560f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An asymmetric MNG, MNG-8,12, provided enhanced stability to human G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) compared to the symmetric MNG, MNG-3.
Maintaining protein stability in an aqueous solution is a prerequisite for protein structural and functional studies, but conventional detergents have increasingly showed limited ability to maintain protein integrity. A representative novel agent, maltose neopentyl glycol-3 (MNG-3), has recently substantially contributed to membrane protein structural studies. Motivated by the popular use of this novel agent, we prepared asymmetric versions of MNG-3 and evaluated these agents with several membrane proteins including two G protein-coupled receptors in this study. We found that some new MNGs were significantly more effective than MNG-3 at preserving protein integrity in the long term, suggesting that these asymmetric MNGs will find a wide use in membrane protein studies. In addition, this is the first study addressing the favorable effect of detergent asymmetric nature on membrane protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Eun Bae
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan , 15588 Korea .
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics , Center for Membrane Protein Research , School of Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock , TX 79430 , USA .
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience , University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen , Denmark .
| | - Kaavya K Kumar
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Betty Ha
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Manabendra Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan , 15588 Korea .
| | - Hyun Sung Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan , 15588 Korea .
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience , University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen , Denmark .
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics , Center for Membrane Protein Research , School of Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock , TX 79430 , USA .
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan , 15588 Korea .
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10
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Konar A, Sechrist R, Song Y, Policht VR, Laible PD, Bocian DF, Holten D, Kirmaier C, Ogilvie JP. Electronic Interactions in the Bacterial Reaction Center Revealed by Two-Color 2D Electronic Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5219-5225. [PMID: 30136848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial reaction center (BRC) serves as an important model system for understanding the charge separation processes in photosynthesis. Knowledge of the electronic structure of the BRC is critical for understanding its charge separation mechanism. While it is well-accepted that the "special pair" pigments are strongly coupled, the degree of coupling among other BRC pigments has been thought to be relatively weak. Here we study the W(M250)V mutant BRC by two-color two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to correlate changes in the Q x region with excitation of the Q y transitions. The resulting Q y-Q x cross-peaks provide a sensitive measure of the electronic interactions throughout the BRC pigment network and complement one-color 2D studies in which such interactions are often obscured by energy transfer and excited-state absorption signals. Our observations should motivate the refinement of electronic structure models of the BRC to facilitate improved understanding of the charge separation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaprabha Konar
- Department of Physics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 49109-1040 , United States
| | - Riley Sechrist
- Department of Physics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 49109-1040 , United States
| | - Yin Song
- Department of Physics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 49109-1040 , United States
| | - Veronica R Policht
- Department of Physics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 49109-1040 , United States
| | - Philip D Laible
- Biosciences Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - David F Bocian
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Christine Kirmaier
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Jennifer P Ogilvie
- Department of Physics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 49109-1040 , United States
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11
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Das M, Du Y, Mortensen JS, Bae HE, Byrne B, Loland CJ, Kobilka BK, Chae PS. An Engineered Lithocholate-Based Facial Amphiphile Stabilizes Membrane Proteins: Assessing the Impact of Detergent Customizability on Protein Stability. Chemistry 2018; 24:9860-9868. [PMID: 29741269 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphiles are critical tools for the structural and functional study of membrane proteins. Membrane proteins encapsulated by conventional head-to-tail detergents tend to undergo structural degradation, necessitating the development of structurally novel agents with improved efficacy. In recent years, facial amphiphiles have yielded encouraging results in terms of membrane protein stability. Herein, we report a new facial detergent (i.e., LFA-C4) that confers greater stability to tested membrane proteins than the bola form analogue. Owing to the increased facial property and the adaptability of the detergent micelles in complex with different membrane proteins, LFA-C4 yields increased stability compared to n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside (DDM). Thus, this study not only describes a novel maltoside detergent with enhanced protein-stabilizing properties, but also shows that the customizable nature of a detergent plays an important role in the stabilization of membrane proteins. Owing to both synthetic convenience and enhanced stabilization efficacy for a range of membrane proteins, the new agent has major potential in membrane protein research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabendra Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 155-88, Korea
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Hyoung Eun Bae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 155-88, Korea
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark
| | | | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 155-88, Korea
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12
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Primary processes in the bacterial reaction center probed by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:3563-3568. [PMID: 29555738 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721927115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the initial steps of photosynthesis, reaction centers convert solar energy to stable charge-separated states with near-unity quantum efficiency. The reaction center from purple bacteria remains an important model system for probing the structure-function relationship and understanding mechanisms of photosynthetic charge separation. Here we perform 2D electronic spectroscopy (2DES) on bacterial reaction centers (BRCs) from two mutants of the purple bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus, spanning the Q y absorption bands of the BRC. We analyze the 2DES data using a multiexcitation global-fitting approach that employs a common set of basis spectra for all excitation frequencies, incorporating inputs from the linear absorption spectrum and the BRC structure. We extract the exciton energies, resolving the previously hidden upper exciton state of the special pair. We show that the time-dependent 2DES data are well-represented by a two-step sequential reaction scheme in which charge separation proceeds from the excited state of the special pair (P*) to P+HA- via the intermediate P+BA- When inhomogeneous broadening and Stark shifts of the B* band are taken into account we can adequately describe the 2DES data without the need to introduce a second charge-separation pathway originating from the excited state of the monomeric bacteriochlorophyll BA*.
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13
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Sadaf A, Du Y, Santillan C, Mortensen JS, Molist I, Seven AB, Hariharan P, Skiniotis G, Loland CJ, Kobilka BK, Guan L, Byrne B, Chae PS. Dendronic trimaltoside amphiphiles (DTMs) for membrane protein study. Chem Sci 2017; 8:8315-8324. [PMID: 29619178 PMCID: PMC5858085 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03700g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel amphiphile with a dendronic hydrophobic group (DTM-A6) was markedly effective at stabilizing and visualizing a GPCR-Gs complex.
The critical contribution of membrane proteins in normal cellular function makes their detailed structure and functional analysis essential. Detergents, amphipathic agents with the ability to maintain membrane proteins in a soluble state in aqueous solution, have key roles in membrane protein manipulation. Structural and functional stability is a prerequisite for biophysical characterization. However, many conventional detergents are limited in their ability to stabilize membrane proteins, making development of novel detergents for membrane protein manipulation an important research area. The architecture of a detergent hydrophobic group, that directly interacts with the hydrophobic segment of membrane proteins, is a key factor in dictating their efficacy for both membrane protein solubilization and stabilization. In the current study, we developed two sets of maltoside-based detergents with four alkyl chains by introducing dendronic hydrophobic groups connected to a trimaltoside head group, designated dendronic trimaltosides (DTMs). Representative DTMs conferred enhanced stabilization to multiple membrane proteins compared to the benchmark conventional detergent, DDM. One DTM (i.e., DTM-A6) clearly outperformed DDM in stabilizing human β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and its complex with Gs protein. A further evaluation of this DTM led to a clear visualization of β2AR-Gs complex via electron microscopic analysis. Thus, the current study not only provides novel detergent tools useful for membrane protein study, but also suggests that the dendronic architecture has a role in governing detergent efficacy for membrane protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Sadaf
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan , 155-88 , Korea .
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Claudia Santillan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics , Center for Membrane Protein Research , School of Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock , TX 79430 , USA .
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Center of Neuroscience , University of Copenhagen , DK 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark .
| | - Iago Molist
- Department of Life Sciences , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Alpay B Seven
- Structural Biology & Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics , Center for Membrane Protein Research , School of Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock , TX 79430 , USA .
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Structural Biology & Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Claus J Loland
- Center of Neuroscience , University of Copenhagen , DK 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark .
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics , Center for Membrane Protein Research , School of Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock , TX 79430 , USA .
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan , 155-88 , Korea .
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14
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Abstract
High-resolution membrane protein structures are essential for understanding the molecular basis of diverse biological events and important in drug development. Detergents are usually used to extract these bio-macromolecules from the membranes and maintain them in a soluble and stable state in aqueous solutions for downstream characterization. However, many eukaryotic membrane proteins solubilized in conventional detergents tend to undergo structural degradation, necessitating the development of new amphiphilic agents with enhanced properties. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel class of glucoside amphiphiles, designated tandem malonate-based glucosides (TMGs). A few TMG agents proved effective at both stabilizing a range of membrane proteins and extracting proteins from the membrane environment. These favourable characteristics, along with synthetic convenience, indicate that these agents have potential in membrane protein research.
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15
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Bae HE, Mortensen JS, Ribeiro O, Du Y, Ehsan M, Kobilka BK, Loland CJ, Byrne B, Chae PS. Tandem neopentyl glycol maltosides (TNMs) for membrane protein stabilisation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12104-12107. [PMID: 27711401 PMCID: PMC5500197 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06147h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of detergents, designated tandem neopentyl glycol maltosides (TNMs), were evaluated with four target membrane proteins. The best detergent varied depending on the target, but TNM-C12L and TNM-C11S were notable for their ability to confer increased membrane protein stability compared to DDM. These agents have potential for use in membrane protein research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Eun Bae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea.
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Orquidea Ribeiro
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Muhammad Ehsan
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea.
| | | | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea.
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16
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Hussain H, Du Y, Scull NJ, Mortensen JS, Tarrasch J, Bae HE, Loland CJ, Byrne B, Kobilka BK, Chae PS. Accessible Mannitol-Based Amphiphiles (MNAs) for Membrane Protein Solubilisation and Stabilisation. Chemistry 2016; 22:7068-73. [PMID: 27072057 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins are amphipathic molecules crucial for all cellular life. The structural study of these macromolecules starts with protein extraction from the native membranes, followed by purification and crystallisation. Detergents are essential tools for these processes, but detergent-solubilised membrane proteins often denature and aggregate, resulting in loss of both structure and function. In this study, a novel class of agents, designated mannitol-based amphiphiles (MNAs), were prepared and characterised for their ability to solubilise and stabilise membrane proteins. Some of MNAs conferred enhanced stability to four membrane proteins including a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2 AR), compared to both n-dodecyl-d-maltoside (DDM) and the other MNAs. These agents were also better than DDM for electron microscopy analysis of the β2 AR. The ease of preparation together with the enhanced membrane protein stabilisation efficacy demonstrates the value of these agents for future membrane protein research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazrat Hussain
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Korea
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicola J Scull
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey Tarrasch
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hyoung Eun Bae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Korea
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Korea.
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17
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Chae PS. Accessible Steroid-based Amphiphiles for Membrane Protein Solubilization and Stabilization. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology; Hanyang University; Ansan 426-791 Korea
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18
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Chae PS, Bae HE, Ehsan M, Hussain H, Kim JW. New ganglio-tripod amphiphiles (TPAs) for membrane protein solubilization and stabilization: implications for detergent structure-property relationships. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:8480-7. [PMID: 25227873 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Detergents are widely used for membrane protein research; however, membrane proteins encapsulated in micelles formed by conventional detergents tend to undergo structural degradation, necessitating the development of new agents with enhanced efficacy. Here we prepared several hydrophobic variants of ganglio-tripod amphiphiles (TPAs) derived from previously reported TPAs and evaluated for a multi-subunit, pigment protein superassembly. In this study, TPA-16 was found to be most efficient in protein solubilization while TPA-15 proved most favourable in long-term protein stability. The current study combined with previous TPA studies enabled us to elaborate on a few detergent structure-property relationships that could provide useful guidelines for novel amphiphile design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Korea.
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19
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Chae PS, Bae HE, Das M. Adamantane-based amphiphiles (ADAs) for membrane protein study: importance of a detergent hydrophobic group in membrane protein solubilisation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:12300-3. [PMID: 25178798 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05746e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We prepared adamantane-containing amphiphiles and evaluated them using a large membrane protein complex in terms of protein solubilisation and stabilization efficacy. These agents were superior to conventional detergents, especially in terms of the membrane protein solubilisation efficiency, implying a new detergent structure-property relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Korea.
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20
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Bae HE, Gotfryd K, Thomas J, Hussain H, Ehsan M, Go J, Loland CJ, Byrne B, Chae PS. Deoxycholate-Based Glycosides (DCGs) for Membrane Protein Stabilisation. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1454-9. [PMID: 25953685 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Detergents are an absolute requirement for studying the structure of membrane proteins. However, many conventional detergents fail to stabilise denaturation-sensitive membrane proteins, such as eukaryotic proteins and membrane protein complexes. New amphipathic agents with enhanced efficacy in stabilising membrane proteins will be helpful in overcoming the barriers to studying membrane protein structures. We have prepared a number of deoxycholate-based amphiphiles with carbohydrate head groups, designated deoxycholate-based glycosides (DCGs). These DCGs are the hydrophilic variants of previously reported deoxycholate-based N-oxides (DCAOs). Membrane proteins in these agents, particularly the branched diglucoside-bearing amphiphiles DCG-1 and DCG-2, displayed favourable behaviour compared to previously reported parent compounds (DCAOs) and conventional detergents (LDAO and DDM). Given their excellent properties, these agents should have significant potential for membrane protein studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Eun Bae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, 426-791 (Korea)
| | - Kamil Gotfryd
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 20, 2200 Copenhagen (Denmark).,Present address: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 20, 2200 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Jennifer Thomas
- Present address: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 OQH (UK).,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Hazrat Hussain
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, 426-791 (Korea)
| | - Muhammad Ehsan
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, 426-791 (Korea)
| | - Juyeon Go
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, 426-791 (Korea)
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 20, 2200 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, 426-791 (Korea).
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21
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Cho KH, Husri M, Amin A, Gotfryd K, Lee HJ, Go J, Kim JW, Loland CJ, Guan L, Byrne B, Chae PS. Maltose neopentyl glycol-3 (MNG-3) analogues for membrane protein study. Analyst 2015; 140:3157-63. [PMID: 25813698 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00240k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Detergents are typically used to both extract membrane proteins (MPs) from the lipid bilayers and maintain them in solution. However, MPs encapsulated in detergent micelles are often prone to denaturation and aggregation. Thus, the development of novel agents with enhanced stabilization characteristics is necessary to advance MP research. Maltose neopentyl glycol-3 (MNG-3) has contributed to >10 crystal structures including G-protein coupled receptors. Here, we prepared MNG-3 analogues and characterised their properties using selected MPs. Most MNGs were superior to a conventional detergent, n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside (DDM), in terms of membrane protein stabilization efficacy. Interestingly, optimal stabilization was achieved with different MNG-3 analogues depending on the target MP. The origin for such detergent specificity could be explained by a novel concept: compatibility between detergent hydrophobicity and MP tendency to denature and aggregate. This set of MNGs represents viable alternatives to currently available detergents for handling MPs, and can be also used as tools to estimate MP sensitivity to denaturation and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Cho
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Korea.
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22
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Kressel L, Faries KM, Wander MJ, Zogzas CE, Mejdrich RJ, Hanson DK, Holten D, Laible PD, Kirmaier C. High yield of secondary B-side electron transfer in mutant Rhodobacter capsulatus reaction centers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1892-1903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Saggu M, Carter B, Zhou X, Faries K, Cegelski L, Holten D, Boxer SG, Kirmaier C. Putative hydrogen bond to tyrosine M208 in photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodobacter capsulatus significantly slows primary charge separation. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:6721-32. [PMID: 24902471 PMCID: PMC4064694 DOI: 10.1021/jp503422c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Slow, ∼50
ps, P* → P+HA– electron
transfer is observed in Rhodobacter
capsulatus reaction centers (RCs) bearing the native
Tyr residue at M208 and the single amino acid change of isoleucine
at M204 to glutamic acid. The P* decay kinetics are unusually homogeneous
(single exponential) at room temperature. Comparative solid-state
NMR of [4′-13C]Tyr labeled wild-type and M204E RCs
show that the chemical shift of Tyr M208 is significantly altered
in the M204E mutant and in a manner consistent with formation of a
hydrogen bond to the Tyr M208 hydroxyl group. Models based on RC crystal
structure coordinates indicate that if such a hydrogen bond is formed
between the Glu at M204 and the M208 Tyr hydroxyl group, the −OH
would be oriented in a fashion expected (based on the calculations
by Alden et al., J. Phys. Chem.1996, 100, 16761–16770) to destabilize P+BA– in free energy. Alteration
of the environment of Tyr M208 and BA by Glu M204 via this
putative hydrogen bond has a powerful influence on primary charge
separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Saggu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5012, United States
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24
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Chae PS, Aiman S, Gellman SH. Hydrophobic variations of N-oxide amphiphiles for membrane protein manipulation: importance of non-hydrocarbon groups in the hydrophobic portion. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:110-6. [PMID: 24347070 PMCID: PMC4032789 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amphipathic agents called detergents serve as membrane-mimetic systems to maintain the native structures of membrane proteins during their manipulation. However, membrane proteins solubilized in conventional detergents tend to undergo denaturation and aggregation, necessitating the development of novel amphipathic agents with enhanced properties. Here we describe several new amphiphiles that contain an N-oxide group as the hydrophilic portion. The new amphiphiles have been evaluated for the ability to solubilize and stabilize a fragile multi-subunit assembly from biological membranes. We found that cholate-based agents were promising in supporting retention of the native protein quaternary structure, while deoxycholate-based amphiphiles were highly efficient in extracting/solubilizing the intact superassembly from the native membrane. Monitoring superassembly solubilization and stabilization as a function of variation in amphiphile structure led us to propose that a non-hydrocarbon moiety such as an amide, ether, or a hydroxy group present in the lipophilic regions can manifest distinctive effects in the context of membrane protein manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University Ansan, 426-791 (Korea), Fax: (+) 81 31 436 8146
| | - Sadaf Aiman
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University Ansan, 426-791 (Korea), Fax: (+) 81 31 436 8146
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
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25
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Chae PS, Cho KH, Bae HE. Heavy atom-bearing tripod amphiphiles for the membrane protein study. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Cho KH, Bae HE, Das M, Gellman SH, Chae PS. Improved glucose-neopentyl glycol (GNG) amphiphiles for membrane protein solubilization and stabilization. Chem Asian J 2013; 9:632-8. [PMID: 24288216 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are inherently amphipathic and undergo dynamic conformational changes for proper function within native membranes. Maintaining the functional structures of these biomacromolecules in aqueous media is necessary for structural studies but difficult to achieve with currently available tools, thus necessitating the development of novel agents with favorable properties. This study introduces several new glucose-neopentyl glycol (GNG) amphiphiles and reveals some agents that display favorable behaviors for the solubilization and stabilization of a large, multi-subunit membrane protein assembly. Furthermore, a detergent structure-property relationship that could serve as a useful guideline for the design of novel amphiphiles is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Cho
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791 (Korea), Fax: (+81) 31-436-8146
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27
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Chae PS, Kruse AC, Gotfryd K, Rana RR, Cho KH, Rasmussen SGF, Bae HE, Chandra R, Gether U, Guan L, Kobilka BK, Loland CJ, Byrne B, Gellman SH. Novel tripod amphiphiles for membrane protein analysis. Chemistry 2013; 19:15645-51. [PMID: 24123610 PMCID: PMC3947462 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins play central roles in controlling the flow of information and molecules across membranes. Our understanding of membrane protein structures and functions, however, is seriously limited, mainly due to difficulties in handling and analysing these proteins in aqueous solution. The use of a detergent or other amphipathic agents is required to overcome the intrinsic incompatibility between the large lipophilic surfaces displayed by the membrane proteins in their native forms and the polar solvent molecules. Here, we introduce new tripod amphiphiles displaying favourable behaviours toward several membrane protein systems, leading to an enhanced protein solubilisation and stabilisation compared to both conventional detergents and previously described tripod amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University
Ansan, 426-791, (Korea), Fax: (+) 81 31 436 8146
| | - Andrew C. Kruse
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University
Stanford, CA, 94305 (USA)
| | - Kamil Gotfryd
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of
Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Rohini R. Rana
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London
London, SW7 2AZ, (UK)
| | - Kyung Ho Cho
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University
Ansan, 426-791, (Korea), Fax: (+) 81 31 436 8146
| | | | - Hyoung Eun Bae
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University
Ansan, 426-791, (Korea), Fax: (+) 81 31 436 8146
| | - Richa Chandra
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University
Stanford, CA, 94305 (USA)
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of
Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Lan Guan
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University
Stanford, CA, 94305 (USA)
| | - Brian K. Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University
Stanford, CA, 94305 (USA)
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of
Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London
London, SW7 2AZ, (UK)
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison
1101, University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
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28
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Chae PS, Cho KH, Wander MJ, Bae HE, Gellman SH, Laible PD. Hydrophobic variants of ganglio-tripod amphiphiles for membrane protein manipulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:278-86. [PMID: 24064323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins operate in unique cellular environments. Once removed from their native context for the purification that is required for most types of structural or functional analyses, they are prone to denature if not properly stabilized by membrane mimetics. Detergent micelles have prominently been used to stabilize membrane proteins in aqueous environments as their amphipathic nature allows for shielding of the hydrophobic surfaces of these bio-macromolecules while supporting solubility and monodispersity in water. This study expands the utility of branched diglucoside-bearing tripod agents, designated ganglio-tripod amphiphiles, with introduction of key variations in their hydrophobic sections and shows how these latter elements can be fine-tuned to maximize membrane protein solubilization while preserving characteristics of these molecules that afford stabilization of rather fragile assemblies. Their efficacy rivals benchmark detergents heavily used today, such as n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Chae PS, Wander MJ, Cho KH, Laible PD, Gellman SH. Carbohydrate-containing Triton X-100 analogues for membrane protein solubilization and stabilization. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:626-9. [PMID: 23377371 PMCID: PMC3593792 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb25584k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Membrane protein manipulation is a challenging task owing to limited tertiary and quaternary structural stability once the protein has been removed from a lipid bilayer. Such instability can be overcome by embedding membrane proteins in detergent micelles formed from amphiphiles with carefully tuned properties. This study introduces a class of easy-to-synthesize amphiphiles, which are designated CGT (Chae's Glyco-Triton) detergents. Some of the agents are well suited for membrane protein solubilization and stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Korea
| | - Marc J. Wander
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Kyung Ho Cho
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Korea
| | - Philip D. Laible
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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30
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Harris MA, Luehr CA, Faries KM, Wander M, Kressel L, Holten D, Hanson DK, Laible PD, Kirmaier C. Protein Influence on Charge-Asymmetry of the Primary Donor in Photosynthetic Bacterial Reaction Centers Containing a Heterodimer: Effects on Photophysical Properties and Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:4028-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401138h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United
States
| | - Craig A. Luehr
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
United States
| | - Kaitlyn M. Faries
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United
States
| | - Marc Wander
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
United States
| | - Lucas Kressel
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
United States
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United
States
| | - Deborah K. Hanson
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
United States
| | - Philip D. Laible
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
United States
| | - Christine Kirmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United
States
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31
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Chae PS, Rana RR, Gotfryd K, Rasmussen SGF, Kruse AC, Cho KH, Capaldi S, Carlsson E, Kobilka B, Loland CJ, Gether U, Banerjee S, Byrne B, Lee JK, Gellman SH. Glucose-neopentyl glycol (GNG) amphiphiles for membrane protein study. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2287-9. [PMID: 23165475 PMCID: PMC3578972 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36844g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of a new class of surfactants for membrane protein manipulation, "GNG amphiphiles", is reported. These amphiphiles display promising behavior for membrane proteins, as demonstrated recently by the high resolution structure of a sodium-pumping pyrophosphatase reported by Kellosalo et al. (Science, 2012, 337, 473).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Korea
| | - Rohini R. Rana
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kamil Gotfryd
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andrew C. Kruse
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kyung Ho Cho
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Korea
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Emil Carlsson
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Brian Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - John K. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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32
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Cho KH, Byrne B, Chae PS. Hemifluorinated maltose-neopentyl glycol (HF-MNG) amphiphiles for membrane protein stabilisation. Chembiochem 2013; 14:452-5. [PMID: 23401323 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SOAP OPERA: Fluorinated amphiphile F4-MNG confers greater stability on Rhodobacter capsulatus superassembly relative to conventional detergents and nonfluorinated MNGs. Such amphiphiles are attractive as tools for membrane science because of their ease of preparation and structure variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Cho
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 426-791, Korea
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33
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Lakhno VD. Dynamical theory of primary processes of charge separation in the photosynthetic reaction center. J Biol Phys 2013; 31:145-59. [PMID: 23345889 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-005-5109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A dynamical theory has been developed for primary separation of charges in the course of photosynthesis. The theory deals with both hopping and superexchange transfer mechanisms. Dynamics of electron transfer from dimeric bacteriochlorophyll to quinone has been calculated. The results obtained agree with experimental data and provide a unified explanation of both the hierarchy of the transfer time in the photosynthetic reaction center and the phenomenon of coherent oscillations accompanying the transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor D Lakhno
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
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34
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Carter B, Boxer SG, Holten D, Kirmaier C. Photochemistry of a Bacterial Photosynthetic Reaction Center Missing the Initial Bacteriochlorophyll Electron Acceptor. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:9971-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305276m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
94305-5080, United States
| | - Steven G. Boxer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
94305-5080, United States
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
63130-4899, United States
| | - Christine Kirmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
63130-4899, United States
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35
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Chae PS, Rasmussen SGF, Rana RR, Gotfryd K, Kruse AC, Manglik A, Cho KH, Nurva S, Gether U, Guan L, Loland CJ, Byrne B, Kobilka BK, Gellman SH. A new class of amphiphiles bearing rigid hydrophobic groups for solubilization and stabilization of membrane proteins. Chemistry 2012; 18:9485-90. [PMID: 22730191 PMCID: PMC3493560 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791 (Korea)
| | | | - Rohini R. Rana
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Kamil Gotfryd
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Andrew C. Kruse
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Aashish Manglik
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Kyung Ho Cho
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791 (Korea)
| | - Shailika Nurva
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430 (USA)
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430 (USA)
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Brian K. Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
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36
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Faries KM, Kressel LL, Wander MJ, Holten D, Laible PD, Kirmaier C, Hanson DK. High throughput engineering to revitalize a vestigial electron transfer pathway in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:8507-14. [PMID: 22247556 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.326447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic reaction centers convert light energy into chemical energy in a series of transmembrane electron transfer reactions, each with near 100% yield. The structures of reaction centers reveal two symmetry-related branches of cofactors (denoted A and B) that are functionally asymmetric; purple bacterial reaction centers use the A pathway exclusively. Previously, site-specific mutagenesis has yielded reaction centers capable of transmembrane charge separation solely via the B branch cofactors, but the best overall electron transfer yields are still low. In an attempt to better realize the architectural and energetic factors that underlie the directionality and yields of electron transfer, sites within the protein-cofactor complex were targeted in a directed molecular evolution strategy that implements streamlined mutagenesis and high throughput spectroscopic screening. The polycistronic approach enables efficient construction and expression of a large number of variants of a heteroligomeric complex that has two intimately regulated subunits with high sequence similarity, common features of many prokaryotic and eukaryotic transmembrane protein assemblies. The strategy has succeeded in the discovery of several mutant reaction centers with increased efficiency of the B pathway; they carry multiple substitutions that have not been explored or linked using traditional approaches. This work expands our understanding of the structure-function relationships that dictate the efficiency of biological energy-conversion reactions, concepts that will aid the design of bio-inspired assemblies capable of both efficient charge separation and charge stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Faries
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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37
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Chae PS, Gotfryd K, Pacyna J, Miercke LJW, Rasmussen SGF, Robbins RA, Rana RR, Loland CJ, Kobilka B, Stroud R, Byrne B, Gether U, Gellman SH. Tandem facial amphiphiles for membrane protein stabilization. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16750-2. [PMID: 21049926 PMCID: PMC3050673 DOI: 10.1021/ja1072959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new type of synthetic amphiphile that is intended to support biochemical characterization of intrinsic membrane proteins. Members of this new family displayed favorable behavior with four of five membrane proteins tested, and these amphiphiles formed relatively small micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Kamil Gotfryd
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Pacyna
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Larry J. W. Miercke
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | | | - Rebecca A. Robbins
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Rohini R. Rana
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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38
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Kirmaier C, Holten D. Low-Temperature Studies of Electron Transfer to the M Side of YFH Reaction Centers from Rhodobacter capsulatus. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:1132-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807639e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kirmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889
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39
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Williams JC, Allen JP. Directed Modification of Reaction Centers from Purple Bacteria. THE PURPLE PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8815-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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40
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Jones MR. Structural Plasticity of Reaction Centers from Purple Bacteria. THE PURPLE PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8815-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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41
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Wraight CA, Gunner MR. The Acceptor Quinones of Purple Photosynthetic Bacteria — Structure and Spectroscopy. THE PURPLE PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8815-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Chae PS, Wander MJ, Bowling AP, Laible PD, Gellman SH. Glycotripod amphiphiles for solubilization and stabilization of a membrane-protein superassembly: importance of branching in the hydrophilic portion. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1706-9. [PMID: 18576450 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pil S Chae
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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43
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Burda K. Dynamics of electron transfer in photosystem II. Cell Biochem Biophys 2007; 47:271-84. [PMID: 17652775 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-007-0011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II, being a constituent of light driven photosynthetic apparatus, is a highly organized pigment-protein-lipid complex. The arrangement of PSII active redox cofactors insures efficiency of electron transfer within it. Donation of electrons extracted from water by the oxygen evolving complex to plastoquinones requires an additional activation energy. In this paper we present theoretical discussion of the anharmonic fluctuations of the protein-lipid matrix of PSII and an experimental evidence showing that the fluctuations are responsible for coupling of its donor and acceptor side. We argue that the fast collective motions liberated at temperatures higher that 200 K are crucial for the two final steps of the water splitting cycle and that one can distinguish three different dynamic regimes of PSII action which are controlled by the timescales of forward electron transfer, which vary with temperature. The three regimes of the dynamical behavior are related to different spatial domains of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kvetoslava Burda
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
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44
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Reiss BD, Hanson DK, Firestone MA. Evaluation of the Photosynthetic Reaction Center Protein for Potential Use as a Bioelectronic Circuit Element. Biotechnol Prog 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/bp070042s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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45
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Paddock ML, Flores M, Isaacson R, Chang C, Abresch EC, Selvaduray P, Okamura MY. Trapped conformational states of semiquinone (D+*QB-*) formed by B-branch electron transfer at low temperature in Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers. Biochemistry 2006; 45:14032-42. [PMID: 17115698 PMCID: PMC2259235 DOI: 10.1021/bi060854h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides captures light energy by electron transfer between quinones QA and QB, involving a conformational gating step. In this work, conformational states of D+*QB-* were trapped (80 K) and studied using EPR spectroscopy in native and mutant RCs that lack QA in which QB was reduced by the bacteriopheophytin along the B-branch. In mutant RCs frozen in the dark, a light induced EPR signal due to D+*QB-* formed in 30% of the sample with low quantum yield (0.2%-20%) and decayed in 6 s. A small signal with similar characteristics was also observed in native RCs. In contrast, the EPR signal due to D+*QB-* in mutant RCs illuminated while freezing formed in approximately 95% of the sample did not decay (tau >107 s) at 80 K (also observed in the native RC). In all samples, the observed g-values were the same (g = 2.0026), indicating that all active QB-*'s were located in a proximal conformation coupled with the nonheme Fe2+. We propose that before electron transfer at 80 K, the majority (approximately 70%) of QB, structurally located in the distal site, was not stably reducible, whereas the minority (approximately 30%) of active configurations was in the proximal site. The large difference in the lifetimes of the unrelaxed and relaxed D+*QB-* states is attributed to the relaxation of protein residues and internal water molecules that stabilize D+*QB-*. These results demonstrate energetically significant conformational changes involved in stabilizing the D+*QB-* state. The unrelaxed and relaxed states can be considered to be the initial and final states along the reaction coordinate for conformationally gated electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Paddock
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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46
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Laible PD, Hata AN, Crawford AE, Hanson DK. Incorporation of selenomethionine into induced intracytoplasmic membrane proteins of Rhodobacter species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 6:95-102. [PMID: 16211505 DOI: 10.1007/s10969-005-1936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2004] [Accepted: 01/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Efficient multiple- or single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD/SAD) techniques that use tunable X-ray sources at third-generation synchrotrons exploit the anomalous scattering of certain heavy atoms for determination of experimental phases. Development of methods for the in vivo substitution of methionine by selenomethionine (SeMet) has revolutionized the process for determination of structures of soluble proteins in recent years. Herein, we report methods for biosynthetic incorporation of SeMet into induced intracytoplasmic membrane proteins of two species of the Rhodobacter genus of purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria. Amino acid analysis of a membrane protein complex that was purified to homogeneity determined that the extent of SeMet incorporation was extensive and approached quantitative replacement. Diffraction-quality crystals were obtained from SeMet-labeled membrane proteins purified from 2 l of culture. These methods augment the potential utility of photosynthetic bacteria and their inducible membrane systems for the production of foreign membrane proteins for structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Laible
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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47
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Rappaport F, Diner BA, Redding K. Optical Measurements of Secondary Electron Transfer in Photosystem I. PHOTOSYSTEM I 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-4256-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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48
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Kirmaier C, Bautista JA, Laible PD, Hanson DK, Holten D. Probing the Contribution of Electronic Coupling to the Directionality of Electron Transfer in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:24160-72. [PMID: 16375408 DOI: 10.1021/jp054726z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Subpicosecond transient absorption studies are reported for a set of Rhodobacter (R.) capsulatus bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) designed to probe the origins of the unidirectionality of charge separation via one of two electron transport chains in the native pigment-protein complex. All of the RCs have been engineered to contain a heterodimeric primary electron donor (D) consisting of a bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) and a bacteriopheophytin (BPh). The BPh component of the M heterodimer (Mhd) or L heterodimer (Lhd) is introduced by substituting a Leu for His M200 or His L173, respectively. Previous work on primary charge separation in heterodimer mutants has not included the Lhd RC from R. capsulatus, which we report for the first time. The Lhd and Mhd RCs are used as controls against which we assess RCs that combine the heterodimer mutations with a second mutation (His substituted for Leu at M212) that results in replacement of the native L-side BPh acceptor with a BChl (beta). The transient absorption spectra reveal clear evidence for charge separation to the normally inactive M-side BPh acceptor (H(M)) in Lhd-beta RCs to form D+H(M)- with a yield of approximately 6%. This state also forms in Mhd-beta RCs but with about one-quarter the yield. In both RCs, deactivation to the ground state is the predominant pathway of D decay, as it is in the Mhd and Lhd single mutants. Analysis of the results indicates an upper limit ofV2L/V2m < or = 4 for the contribution of the electronic coupling elements to the relative rates of electron transfer to the L versus M sides of the wild-type RC. In comparison to the L/M rate ratio (kL/kM) approximately 30 for wild-type RCs, our findings indicate that electronic factors contribute approximately 35% at most to directionality with the other 65% deriving from energetic considerations, which includes differences in free energies, reorganization energies, and contributions of one- and two-step mechanisms on the two sides of the RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kirmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Watson AJ, Fyfe PK, Frolov D, Wakeham MC, Nabedryk E, van Grondelle R, Breton J, Jones MR. Replacement or exclusion of the B-branch bacteriopheophytin in the purple bacterial reaction centre: The HB cofactor is not required for assembly or core function of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2005; 1710:34-46. [PMID: 16181607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Revised: 08/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
All of the membrane-embedded cofactors of the purple bacterial reaction centre have well-defined functional or structural roles, with the exception of the bacteriopheophytin (H(B)) located approximately half-way across the membrane on the so-called inactive- or B-branch of cofactors. Sequence alignments indicate that this bacteriochlorin cofactor is a conserved feature of purple bacterial reaction centres, and a pheophytin is also found at this position in the Photosystem-II reaction centre. Possible structural or functional consequences of replacing the H(B) bacteriopheophytin by bacteriochlorophyll were investigated in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centre through mutagenesis of residue Leu L185 to His (LL185H). Results from absorbance spectroscopy indicated that the LL185H mutant assembled with a bacteriochlorophyll at the H(B) position, but this did not affect the capacity of the reaction centre to support photosynthetic growth, or change the kinetics of charge separation along the A-branch of cofactors. It was also found that mutation of residue Ala M149 to Trp (AM149W) caused the reaction centre to assemble without an H(B) bacteriochlorin, demonstrating that this cofactor is not required for correct assembly of the reaction centre. The absence of a cofactor at this position did not affect the capacity of the reaction centre to support photosynthetic growth, or the kinetics of A-branch electron transfer. A combination of X-ray crystallography and FTIR difference spectroscopy confirmed that the H(B) cofactor was absent in the AM149W mutant, and that this had not produced any significant disturbance of the adjacent ubiquinol reductase (Q(B)) site. The data are discussed with respect to possible functional roles of the H(B) bacteriopheophytin, and we conclude that the reason(s) for conservation of a bacteriopheophytin cofactor at this position in purple bacterial reaction centres are likely to be different from those underlying conservation of a pheophytin at the analogous position in Photosystem-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Watson
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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Wakeham MC, Jones MR. Rewiring photosynthesis: engineering wrong-way electron transfer in the purple bacterial reaction centre. Biochem Soc Trans 2005; 33:851-7. [PMID: 16042613 DOI: 10.1042/bst0330851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purple bacterial reaction centre uses light energy to separate charge across the cytoplasmic membrane, reducing ubiquinone and oxidizing a c-type cytochrome. The protein possesses a macroscopic structural two-fold symmetry but displays a strong functional asymmetry, with only one of two available membrane-spanning branches of cofactors (the so-called A-branch) being used to catalyse photochemical charge separation. The factors underlying this functional asymmetry have been the subject of study for many years but are still not fully understood. Site-directed mutagenesis has been partially successful in rerouting electron transfer along the normally inactive B-branch, allowing comparison of the kinetics of equivalent electron transfer reactions on the two branches. Both the primary and secondary electron transfer steps on the B-branch appear to be considerably slower than their A-branch counterparts. The effectiveness of different mutations in rerouting electron transfer along the B-branch of cofactors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Wakeham
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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