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Duffus BR, Gauglitz M, Teutloff C, Leimkühler S. Redox potentials elucidate the electron transfer pathway of NAD +-dependent formate dehydrogenases. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 253:112487. [PMID: 38306887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Metal-dependent, nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) are complex metalloenzymes coupling biochemical transformations through intricate electron transfer pathways. Rhodobacter capsulatus FDH is a model enzyme for understanding coupled catalysis, in that reversible CO2 reduction and formate oxidation are linked to a flavin mononuclotide (FMN)-bound diaphorase module via seven iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters as a dimer of heterotetramers. Catalysis occurs at a bis-metal-binding pterin (Mo) binding two molybdopterin guanine dinucleotides (bis-MGD), a protein-based Cys residue and a participatory sulfido ligand. Insights regarding the proposed electron transfer mechanism between the bis-MGD and the FMN have been complicated by the discovery that an alternative pathway might occur via intersubunit electron transfer between two [4Fe4S] clusters within electron transfer distance. To clarify this difference, the redox potentials of the bis-MGD and the FeS clusters were determined via redox titration by EPR spectroscopy. Redox potentials for the bis-MGD cofactor and five of the seven FeS clusters could be assigned. Furthermore, substitution of the active site residue Lys295 with Ala resulted in altered enzyme kinetics, primarily due to a more negative redox potential of the A1 [4Fe4S] cluster. Finally, characterization of the monomeric FdsGBAD heterotetramer exhibited slightly decreased formate oxidation activity and similar iron-sulfur clusters reduced relative to the dimeric heterotetramer. Comparison of the measured redox potentials relative to structurally defined FeS clusters support a mechanism by which electron transfer occurs within a heterotetrameric unit, with the interfacial [4Fe4S] cluster serving as a structural component toward the integrity of the heterodimeric structure to drive efficient catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Duffus
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marcel Gauglitz
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Teutloff
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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2
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Bennett NK, Lee M, Orr AL, Nakamura K. Systems-level analyses dissociate genetic regulators of reactive oxygen species and energy production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307904121. [PMID: 38207075 PMCID: PMC10801874 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307904121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory chain dysfunction can decrease ATP and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Despite the importance of these metabolic parameters to a wide range of cellular functions and disease, we lack an integrated understanding of how they are differentially regulated. To address this question, we adapted a CRISPRi- and FACS-based platform to compare the effects of respiratory gene knockdown on ROS to their effects on ATP. Focusing on genes whose knockdown is known to decrease mitochondria-derived ATP, we showed that knockdown of genes in specific respiratory chain complexes (I, III, and CoQ10 biosynthesis) increased ROS, whereas knockdown of other low ATP hits either had no impact (mitochondrial ribosomal proteins) or actually decreased ROS (complex IV). Moreover, although shifting metabolic conditions profoundly altered mitochondria-derived ATP levels, it had little impact on mitochondrial or cytosolic ROS. In addition, knockdown of a subset of complex I subunits-including NDUFA8, NDUFB4, and NDUFS8-decreased complex I activity, mitochondria-derived ATP, and supercomplex level, but knockdown of these genes had differential effects on ROS. Conversely, we found an essential role for ether lipids in the dynamic regulation of mitochondrial ROS levels independent of ATP. Thus, our results identify specific metabolic regulators of cellular ATP and ROS balance that may help dissect the roles of these processes in disease and identify therapeutic strategies to independently target energy failure and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal K. Bennett
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Megan Lee
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Adam L. Orr
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA94143
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA94158
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3
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Wang S, Zhang B, Fei Y, Liu H, Zhao Y, Guo H. Elucidating Multiple Electron-Transfer Pathways for Metavanadate Bioreduction by Actinomycetic Streptomyces microflavus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19921-19931. [PMID: 37934564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
While microbial reduction has gained widespread recognition for efficiently remediating environments polluted by toxic metavanadate [V(V)], the pool of identified V(V)-reducing strains remains rather limited, with the vast majority belonging to bacteria and fungi. This study is among the first to confirm the V(V) reduction capability of Streptomyces microflavus, a representative member of ubiquitous actinomycetes in environment. A V(V) removal efficiency of 91.0 ± 4.35% was achieved during 12 days of operation, with a maximum specific growth rate of 0.073 d-1. V(V) was bioreduced to insoluble V(IV) precipitates. V(V) reduction took place both intracellularly and extracellularly. Electron transfer was enhanced during V(V) bioreduction with increased electron transporters. The electron-transfer pathways were revealed through transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses. Electrons might flow either through the respiratory chain to reduce intracellular V(V) or to cytochrome c on the outer membrane for extracellular V(V) reduction. Soluble riboflavin and quinone also possibly mediated extracellular V(V) reduction. Glutathione might deliver electrons for intracellular V(V) reduction. Bioaugmentation of the aquifer sediment with S. microflavus accelerated V(V) reduction. The strain could successfully colonize the sediment and foster positive correlations with indigenous microorganisms. This study offers new microbial resources for V(V) bioremediation and improve the understanding of the involved molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yangmei Fei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Huaming Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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Shin JS, Kim TG, Kim YH, Eom SY, Park SH, Lee DH, Park TJ, Park SS, Kim JH. Senescent tumor cells in colorectal cancer are characterized by elevated enzymatic activity of complexes 1 and 2 in oxidative phosphorylation. J Pathol Transl Med 2023; 57:305-314. [PMID: 37926982 PMCID: PMC10660360 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2023.10.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular senescence is defined as an irreversible cell cycle arrest caused by various internal and external insults. While the metabolic dysfunction of senescent cells in normal tissue is relatively well-established, there is a lack of information regarding the metabolic features of senescent tumor cells. METHODS Publicly available single-cell RNA-sequencing data from the GSE166555 and GSE178341 datasets were utilized to investigate the metabolic features of senescent tumor cells. To validate the single-cell RNA-sequencing data, we performed senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining to identify senescent tumor cells in fresh frozen colorectal cancer tissue. We also evaluated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity using enzyme histochemical methods and compared the staining with SA-β-Gal staining. MTT assay was performed to reveal the complex 1 activity of the respiratory chain in in-vitro senescence model. RESULTS Single-cell RNA-sequencing data revealed an upregulation in the activity of complexes 1 and 2 in oxidative phosphorylation, despite overall mitochondrial dysfunction in senescent tumor cells. Both SA-β-Gal and enzyme histochemical staining using fresh frozen colorectal cancer tissues indicated a high correlation between SA-β-Gal positivity and NADH-TR/SDH staining positivity. MTT assay showed that senescent colorectal cancer cells exhibit higher absorbance in 600 nm wavelength. CONCLUSIONS Senescent tumor cells exhibit distinct metabolic features, characterized by upregulation of complexes 1 and 2 in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. NADH-TR and SDH staining represent efficient methods for detecting senescent tumor cells in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sang Shin
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Hwa Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - So Yeong Eom
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Lee
- Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tae Jun Park
- Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Soon Sang Park
- Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Bennett NK, Lee M, Orr AL, Nakamura K. Systems-level analyses dissociate genetic regulators of reactive oxygen species and energy production. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.14.562276. [PMID: 37904938 PMCID: PMC10614765 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.14.562276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory chain dysfunction can decrease ATP and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Despite the importance of these metabolic parameters to a wide range of cellular functions and disease, we lack an integrated understanding of how they are differentially regulated. To address this question, we adapted a CRISPRi- and FACS- based platform to compare the effects of respiratory gene knockdown on ROS to their effects on ATP. Focusing on genes whose knockdown is known to decrease mitochondria-derived ATP, we showed that knockdown of genes in specific respiratory chain complexes (I, III and CoQ10 biosynthesis) increased ROS, whereas knockdown of other low ATP hits either had no impact (mitochondrial ribosomal proteins) or actually decreased ROS (complex IV). Moreover, although shifting metabolic conditions profoundly altered mitochondria-derived ATP levels, it had little impact on mitochondrial or cytosolic ROS. In addition, knockdown of a subset of complex I subunits-including NDUFA8, NDUFB4, and NDUFS8-decreased complex I activity, mitochondria-derived ATP and supercomplex level, but knockdown of these genes had differential effects on ROS. Conversely, we found an essential role for ether lipids in the dynamic regulation of mitochondrial ROS levels independent of ATP. Thus, our results identify specific metabolic regulators of cellular ATP and ROS balance that may help dissect the roles of these processes in disease and identify therapeutic strategies to independently target energy failure and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal K. Bennett
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Megan Lee
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
| | - Adam L. Orr
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
- Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
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The clinical application and pharmacological mechanism of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi decoction for treating cancer-related fatigue: An overview. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kushwaha R, Kumar A, Saha S, Bajpai S, Yadav AK, Banerjee S. Os(II) complexes for catalytic anticancer therapy: recent update. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4825-4836. [PMID: 35348152 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00341d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent dramatic enhancement in cancer-related mortality and the drawbacks (side effects and resistance) of Pt-based first-generation chemotherapeutics have escalated the need for new cancer medicines with unique anticancer activities for better human life. To overcome the demerits of Pt-based cancer drugs, the concept of catalytic anticancer agents has recently been presented in the field of anticancer metallodrug development research. Many intracellular transformations in cancer cells are catalyzed by metal complexes, including pyruvate reduction to lactate, NAD(P)+ reduction to NAD(P)H and vice versa, and the conversion of 3O2 to reactive oxygen species (ROS). These artificial in-cell changes with non-toxic and catalytic dosages of metal complexes have been shown to disrupt several essential intracellular processes which ultimately cause cell death. This new approach could develop potent next-generation catalytic anticancer drugs. In this context, recently, several 16/18 electron Os(II)-based complexes have shown promising catalytic anticancer activities with unique anticancer mechanisms. Herein, we have delineated the catalytic anticancer activity of Os(II) complexes from a critical viewpoint. These catalysts are reported to induce the in-cell catalytic transfer hydrogenation of pyruvate and important quinones to create metabolic disorder and photocatalytic ROS generation for oxidative stress generation in cancer cells. Overall, these Os(II) catalysts have the potential to be novel catalytic cancer drugs with new anticancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Souvik Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Sumit Bajpai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Ashish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
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8
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Cloning and Organelle Expression of Bamboo Mitochondrial Complex I Subunits Nad1, Nad2, Nad4, and Nad5 in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074054. [PMID: 35409414 PMCID: PMC8999482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory complex I catalyzes electron transfer from NADH to ubiquinone and pumps protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space. In particular, the complex I subunits Nad1, Nad2, Nad4, and Nad5, which are encoded by the nad1, nad2, nad4, and nad5 genes, reside at the mitochondrial inner membrane and possibly function as proton (H+) and ion translocators. To understand the individual functional roles of the Nad1, Nad2, Nad4, and Nad5 subunits in bamboo, each cDNA of these four genes was cloned into the pYES2 vector and expressed in the mitochondria of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mitochondrial targeting peptide mt gene (encoding MT) and the egfp marker gene (encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein, EGFP) were fused at the 5'-terminal and 3'-terminal ends, respectively. The constructed plasmids were then transformed into yeast. RNA transcripts and fusion protein expression were observed in the yeast transformants. Mitochondrial localizations of the MT-Nad1-EGFP, MT-Nad2-EGFP, MT-Nad4-EGFP, and MT-Nad5-EGFP fusion proteins were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. The ectopically expressed bamboo subunits Nad1, Nad2, Nad4, and Nad5 may function in ion translocation, which was confirmed by growth phenotype assays with the addition of different concentrations of K+, Na+, or H+.
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Mitochondrial iron-sulfur clusters: Structure, function, and an emerging role in vascular biology. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102164. [PMID: 34656823 PMCID: PMC8577454 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are essential cofactors most commonly known for their role mediating electron transfer within the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The Fe-S cluster pathways that function within the respiratory complexes are highly conserved between bacteria and the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. Within the electron transport chain, Fe-S clusters play a critical role in transporting electrons through Complexes I, II and III to cytochrome c, before subsequent transfer to molecular oxygen. Fe-S clusters are also among the binding sites of classical mitochondrial inhibitors, such as rotenone, and play an important role in the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial Fe-S clusters also play a critical role in the pathogenesis of disease. High levels of ROS produced at these sites can cause cell injury or death, however, when produced at low levels can serve as signaling molecules. For example, Ndufs2, a Complex I subunit containing an Fe-S center, N2, has recently been identified as a redox-sensitive oxygen sensor, mediating homeostatic oxygen-sensing in the pulmonary vasculature and carotid body. Fe-S clusters are emerging as transcriptionally-regulated mediators in disease and play a crucial role in normal physiology, offering potential new therapeutic targets for diseases including malaria, diabetes, and cancer.
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Kolata P, Efremov RG. Structure of Escherichia coli respiratory complex I reconstituted into lipid nanodiscs reveals an uncoupled conformation. eLife 2021; 10:e68710. [PMID: 34308841 PMCID: PMC8357420 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory complex I is a multi-subunit membrane protein complex that reversibly couples NADH oxidation and ubiquinone reduction with proton translocation against transmembrane potential. Complex I from Escherichia coli is among the best functionally characterized complexes, but its structure remains unknown, hindering further studies to understand the enzyme coupling mechanism. Here, we describe the single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the entire catalytically active E. coli complex I reconstituted into lipid nanodiscs. The structure of this mesophilic bacterial complex I displays highly dynamic connection between the peripheral and membrane domains. The peripheral domain assembly is stabilized by unique terminal extensions and an insertion loop. The membrane domain structure reveals novel dynamic features. Unusual conformation of the conserved interface between the peripheral and membrane domains suggests an uncoupled conformation of the complex. Considering constraints imposed by the structural data, we suggest a new simple hypothetical coupling mechanism for the molecular machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kolata
- Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor BiotechnologieBrusselsBelgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Rouslan G Efremov
- Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor BiotechnologieBrusselsBelgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
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11
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Mugengana AK, Vita NA, Brown Gandt A, Moran K, Agyapong G, Sharma LK, Griffith EC, Liu J, Yang L, Gavrish E, Hevener KE, LaFleur MD, Lee RE. The Discovery and Development of Thienopyrimidines as Inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori That Act through Inhibition of the Respiratory Complex I. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1044-1058. [PMID: 33471519 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The successful treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections is becoming increasingly difficult due to the rise of resistance against current broad spectrum triple therapy regimens. In the search for narrow-spectrum agents against H. pylori, a high-throughput screen identified two structurally related thienopyrimidine compounds that selectively inhibited H. pylori over commensal members of the gut microbiota. To develop the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the thienopyrimidines against H. pylori, this study employed four series of modifications in which systematic substitution to the thienopyrimidine core was explored and ultimately side-chain elements optimized from the two original hits were merged into lead compounds. During the development of this series, the mode of action studies identified H. pylori's respiratory complex I subunit NuoD as the target for lead thienopyrimidines. As this enzyme complex is uniquely essential for ATP synthesis in H. pylori, a homology model of the H. pylori NuoB-NuoD binding interface was generated to help rationalize the SAR and guide further development of the series. From these studies, lead compounds emerged with increased potency against H. pylori, improved safety indices, and a good overall pharmacokinetic profile with the exception of high protein binding and poor solubility. Although lead compounds in the series demonstrated efficacy in an ex vivo infection model, the compounds had no efficacy in a mouse model of H. pylori infection. Additional optimization of pharmacological properties of the series to increase solubility and free-drug levels at the sequestered sites of H. pylori infection would potentially result in a gain of in vivo efficacy. The thienopyrimidine series developed in this study demonstrates that NuoB-NuoD of the respiratory complex I can be targeted for development of novel narrow spectrum agents against H. pylori and that thienopyrimines can serve as the basis for future advancement of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex K. Mugengana
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Nicole A. Vita
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | | | - Kevin Moran
- Arietis Pharma, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | | | - Lalit K. Sharma
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Griffith
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Jiuyu Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | | | - Kirk E. Hevener
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | | | - Richard E. Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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12
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Mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride dehydrogenase (NADH) subunit 4 (MTND4) polymorphisms and their association with male infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:2021-2029. [PMID: 33895935 PMCID: PMC8417158 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02199-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between infertility and the polymorphisms of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (MTND4) by spermatozoa analysis in fertile and subfertile men. Methods Samples were divided into 68 subfertile men (case group) and 44 fertile men (control group). After semen analysis, samples were purified. The whole genome was extracted using a QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and the mitochondrial DNA was amplified by using the REPLI-g Mitochondrial DNA Kit. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the MT-ND4 gene. Then, samples were purified and sequenced using the Sanger method. Results Twenty-five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the MTND4 gene. The genotype frequencies of the study population showed a statistically significant association between rs2853495 G>A (Gly320Gly) and male infertility (P = 0.0351). Similarly, the allele frequency test showed that rs2853495 G>A (Gly320Gly) and rs869096886 A>G (Leu164Leu) were significantly associated with male infertility (adjusted OR = 2.616, 95% CI = 1.374–4.983, P = 0.002; adjusted OR = 2.237, 95% CI = 1.245–4.017, P = 0.007, respectively). Conclusion In conclusion, our findings suggested that male infertility was correlated with rs2853495 and rs869096886 SNPs in MTND4. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10815-021-02199-w.
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Guo J, Liu X, Li Y, Ji H, Liu C, Zhou L, Huang Y, Bai C, Jiang Z, Wu X. Screening for proteins related to the biosynthesis of hispidin and its derivatives in Phellinus igniarius using iTRAQ proteomic analysis. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:81. [PMID: 33711926 PMCID: PMC7953727 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hispidin (HIP) and its derivatives, a class of natural fungal metabolites, possess complex chemical structures with extensive pharmacological activities. Phellinus igniarius, the most common source of HIP, can be used as both medicine and food. However, the biosynthetic pathway of HIP in P. igniarius remains unclear and we have a limited understanding of the regulatory mechanisms related to HIP. In this work, we sought to illustrate a biosynthesis system for hispidin and its derivatives at the protein level. Results We found that tricetolatone (TL) is a key biosynthetic precursor in the biosynthetic pathway of hispidin and that its addition led to increased production of hispidin and various hispidin derivatives. Based on the changes in the concentrations of precursors and intermediates, key timepoints in the biosynthetic process were identified. We used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) to study dynamic changes of related proteins in vitro. The 270 differentially expressed proteins were determined by GO enrichment analysis to be primarily related to energy metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and environmental stress responses after TL supplementation. The differentially expressed proteins were related to ATP synthase, NAD binding protein, oxidoreductase, and other elements associated with electron transfer and dehydrogenation reactions during the biosynthesis of hispidin and its derivatives. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) technology was used to selectively verify the iTRAQ results, leading us to screen 11 proteins that were predicted to be related to the biosynthesis pathways. Conclution These findings help to clarify the molecular mechanism of biosynthesis of hispidin and its derivatives and may serve as a foundation for future strategies to identify new hispidin derivatives. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02134-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - Changcai Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - Zhibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China.
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Banerjee S, Sadler PJ. Transfer hydrogenation catalysis in cells. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:12-29. [PMID: 34458774 PMCID: PMC8341873 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00150c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogenation reactions in biology are usually carried out by enzymes with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) or flavin mononucleotide (FAMH2)/flavinadenine dinucleotide (FADH2) as cofactors and hydride sources. Industrial scale chemical transfer hydrogenation uses small molecules such as formic acid or alcohols (e.g. propanol) as hydride sources and transition metal complexes as catalysts. We focus here on organometallic half-sandwich RuII and OsII η6-arene complexes and RhIII and IrIII η5-Cp x complexes which catalyse hydrogenation of biomolecules such as pyruvate and quinones in aqueous media, and generate biologically important species such as H2 and H2O2. Organometallic catalysts can achieve enantioselectivity, and moreover can be active in living cells, which is surprising on account of the variety of poisons present. Such catalysts can induce reductive stress using formate as hydride source or oxidative stress by accepting hydride from NAD(P)H. In some cases, photocatalytic redox reactions can be induced by light absorption at metal or flavin centres. These artificial transformations can interfere in biochemical pathways in unusual ways, and are the basis for the design of metallodrugs with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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15
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Pamplona R, Jové M, Mota-Martorell N, Barja G. Is the NDUFV2 subunit of the hydrophilic complex I domain a key determinant of animal longevity? FEBS J 2021; 288:6652-6673. [PMID: 33455045 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Complex I, a component of the electron transport chain, plays a central functional role in cell bioenergetics and the biology of free radicals. The structural and functional N module of complex I is one of the main sites of the generation of free radicals. The NDUFV2 subunit/N1a cluster is a component of this module. Furthermore, the rate of free radical production is linked to animal longevity. In this review, we explore the hypothesis that NDUFV2 is the only conserved core subunit designed with a regulatory function to ensure correct electron transfer and free radical production, that low gene expression and protein abundance of the NDUFV2 subunit is an evolutionary adaptation needed to achieve a longevity phenotype, and that these features are determinants of the lower free radical generation at the mitochondrial level and a slower rate of aging of long-lived animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Natalia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Gustavo Barja
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Abstract
Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) is the first enzyme in the respiratory chain. It catalyses the electron transfer from NADH to ubiquinone that is associated with proton pumping out of the matrix. In this study, we characterized NADH dehydrogenase activity in seven monoxenous trypanosomatid species: Blechomonas ayalai, Herpetomonas tarakana, Kentomonas sorsogonicus, Leptomonas seymouri, Novymonas esmeraldas, Sergeia podlipaevi and Wallacemonas raviniae. We also investigated the subunit composition of the complex I in dixenous Phytomonas serpens, in which its presence and activity have been previously documented. In addition to P. serpens, the complex I is functionally active in N. esmeraldas and S. podlipaevi. We also identified 24-32 subunits of the complex I in individual species by using mass spectrometry. Among them, for the first time, we recognized several proteins of the mitochondrial DNA origin.
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Gutiérrez-Fernández J, Kaszuba K, Minhas GS, Baradaran R, Tambalo M, Gallagher DT, Sazanov LA. Key role of quinone in the mechanism of respiratory complex I. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4135. [PMID: 32811817 PMCID: PMC7434922 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex I is the first and the largest enzyme of respiratory chains in bacteria and mitochondria. The mechanism which couples spatially separated transfer of electrons to proton translocation in complex I is not known. Here we report five crystal structures of T. thermophilus enzyme in complex with NADH or quinone-like compounds. We also determined cryo-EM structures of major and minor native states of the complex, differing in the position of the peripheral arm. Crystal structures show that binding of quinone-like compounds (but not of NADH) leads to a related global conformational change, accompanied by local re-arrangements propagating from the quinone site to the nearest proton channel. Normal mode and molecular dynamics analyses indicate that these are likely to represent the first steps in the proton translocation mechanism. Our results suggest that quinone binding and chemistry play a key role in the coupling mechanism of complex I. Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is the first enzyme of the respiratory chain in bacteria and mitochondria. Here, the authors present cryo-EM and crystal structures of T. thermophilus complex I in different conformational states and further analyse them by Normal Mode Analysis and molecular dynamics simulations and conclude that quinone redox reactions are important for the coupling mechanism of complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karol Kaszuba
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, A-3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Gurdeep S Minhas
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Keith Peters Building, Hills rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6DG, UK
| | - Rozbeh Baradaran
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Keith Peters Building, Hills rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Margherita Tambalo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, A-3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - David T Gallagher
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Keith Peters Building, Hills rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Leonid A Sazanov
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, A-3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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Arunasri K, Yeruva DK, Vamshi Krishna K, Venkata Mohan S. Monitoring metabolic pathway alterations in Escherichia coli due to applied potentials in microbial electrochemical system. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 134:107530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Kuhns M, Schuchmann V, Schmidt S, Friedrich T, Wiechmann A, Müller V. The Rnf complex from the acetogenic bacterium Acetobacterium woodii: Purification and characterization of RnfC and RnfB. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148263. [PMID: 32663477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
rnf genes are widespread in anaerobic bacteria and hypothesized to encode a respiratory enzyme that couples exergonic reduction of NAD with reduced ferredoxin as a reductant to vectorial ion (Na+, H+) translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane. However, despite its importance for the physiology of these bacteria, little is known about the subunit composition and the function of subunits. Here, we have purified the entire Rnf complex from the acetogen Acetobacterium woodii or after its production in Escherichia coli. These studies revealed covalently bound flavin in RnfB and RnfD. Unfortunately, the complex did not catalyze electron transfer from reduced ferredoxin to NAD. We, therefore, concentrated on the two cytosolic subunits RnfC and RnfB. RnfC was produced in E. coli, purified and shown to have 8.3 mol iron and 8.6 mol sulfur per mol of the subunit, consistent with the presence of two [4Fe-4S] centers, which were verified by EPR analysis. Flavins could not be detected, but RnfC catalyzed NADH-dependent FMN reduction. These data confirm RnfC as NADH-binding subunit and FMN as an intermediate in the electron transport chain. RnfB could only be produced as a fusion to the maltose-binding protein. It contained 25 mol iron and 26 mol sulfur, consistent with the predicted six [4Fe4S] centers. The FeS centers in RnfB were reduced with reduced ferredoxin as reductant. These data are consistent with RnfB as the ferredoxin-binding subunit of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kuhns
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Verena Schuchmann
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Silke Schmidt
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thorsten Friedrich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Alberstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Wiechmann
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Müller
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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20
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Long L, Zhu Y, Li Z, Zhang H, Liu L, Bai J. Differential expression of skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteins in yak, dzo, and cattle: a proteomics-based study. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1178-1186. [PMID: 32641622 PMCID: PMC7468061 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in yak mitochondria by natural selection in a hypoxic environment could be
utilized to understand adaptation to low-oxygen conditions. Therefore, the differences in
proteome profile of skeletal muscle mitochondria from yak, dzo, and cattle were analyzed
by mass spectrometry, which were then classified into 3 groups, comparing between yak and
dzo, yak and cattle, and dzo and cattle. 376 unique mitochondrial proteins were
identified, including 192, 191, and 281 proteins in the yak-dzo, yak-cattle, and
dzo-cattle groups, respectively. NRDP1 and COQ8A were expressed at higher levels in yak
and dzo compared to those in cattle, indicating higher endurance capacity of yak and dzo
in a low-oxygen environment. Gene Ontology (GO) terms of biological processes were
significantly enriched in oxidation-reduction process, and that of molecular functions and
cellular component were enriched in oxidoreductase activity and the mitochondrion,
respectively. The most significantly affected pathways in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and
Genomes (KEGG) analysis were Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and oxidative
phosphorylation between the yak-cattle and dzo-cattle groups; while metabolic pathways,
citrate cycle, and carbon metabolism were significantly affected pathways in the yak-dzo
group. ATP synthases, MTHFD1, MDH2, and SDHB were the most enriched hub proteins in the
protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. These results indicated that mammals living at
high altitudes could possibly possess better bioenergy metabolism than those living in the
plains. The key proteins identified in the present study may be exploited as candidate
proteins for understanding and fine-tuning mammalian adaptation to high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Long
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730124, China
| | - Yipan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhenzi Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730124, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730124, China
| | - Lixia Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730124, China
| | - Jialin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering & Biotechnology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730124, China
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21
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Khaniya U, Gupta C, Cai X, Mao J, Kaur D, Zhang Y, Singharoy A, Gunner MR. Hydrogen bond network analysis reveals the pathway for the proton transfer in the E-channel of T. thermophilus Complex I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148240. [PMID: 32531220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Complex I, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, is the first enzyme in the mitochondrial and bacterial aerobic respiratory chain. It pumps four protons through four transiently open pathways from the high pH, negative, N-side of the membrane to the positive, P-side driven by the exergonic transfer of electrons from NADH to a quinone. Three protons transfer through subunits descended from antiporters, while the fourth, E-channel is unique. The path through the E-channel is determined by a network analysis of hydrogen bonded pathways obtained by Monte Carlo sampling of protonation states, polar hydrogen orientation and water occupancy. Input coordinates are derived from molecular dynamics trajectories comparing oxidized, reduced (dihydro) and no menaquinone-8 (MQ). A complex proton transfer path from the N- to the P-side is found consisting of six clusters of highly connected hydrogen-bonded residues. The network connectivity depends on the presence of quinone and its redox state, supporting a role for this cofactor in coupling electron and proton transfers. The N-side is more organized with MQ-bound complex I facilitating proton entry, while the P-side is more connected in the apo-protein, facilitating proton exit. Subunit Nqo8 forms the core of the E channel; Nqo4 provides the N-side entry, Nqo7 and then Nqo10 join the pathway in the middle, while Nqo11 contributes to the P-side exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Khaniya
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York 10031, USA; Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Chitrak Gupta
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Xiuhong Cai
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York 10031, USA; Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Junjun Mao
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Divya Kaur
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York 10031, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York 10031, USA; Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Abhishek Singharoy
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - M R Gunner
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York 10031, USA; Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York 10016, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York 10016, USA.
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Zhang H, Wei J, Qian W, Deng C. Analysis of HrpG regulons and HrpG-interacting proteins by ChIP-seq and affinity proteomics in Xanthomonas campestris. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:388-400. [PMID: 31916392 PMCID: PMC7036363 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-proteobacteria Xanthomonas spp. cause at least 350 different plant diseases among important agricultural crops, which result in serious yield losses. Xanthomonas spp. rely mainly on the type III secretion system (T3SS) to infect their hosts and induce a hypersensitive response in nonhosts. HrpG, the master regulator of the T3SS, plays the dominant role in bacterial virulence. In this study, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) and tandem affinity purification (TAP) to systematically characterize the HrpG regulon and HrpG interacting proteins in vivo. We obtained 186 candidate HrpG downstream genes from the ChIP-seq analysis, which represented the genomic-wide regulon spectrum. A consensus HrpG-binding motif was obtained and three T3SS genes, hpa2, hrcU, and hrpE, were confirmed to be directly transcriptionally activated by HrpG in the inducing medium. A total of 273 putative HrpG interacting proteins were identified from the TAP data and the DNA-binding histone-like HU protein of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (HUxcc ) was proved to be involved in bacterial virulence by increasing the complexity and intelligence of the bacterial signalling pathways in the T3SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jin‐Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chao‐Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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24
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Yang JD, Chen BL, Zhu XQ. New Insight into the Mechanism of NADH Model Oxidation by Metal Ions in Nonalkaline Media. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6888-6898. [PMID: 29886742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, it has been controversial that the three-step (e-H+-e) or two-step (e-H•) mechanism was used for the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide coenzyme (NADH) and its models by metal ions in nonalkaline media. The latter mechanism has been accepted by the majority of researchers. In this work, 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) and 1-phenyl-l,4-dihydronicotinamide are used as NADH models and ferrocenium (Fc+) metal ion as an electron acceptor. The kinetics for oxidation of the NADH models by Fc+ in pure acetonitrile was monitored by using UV-vis absorption and a quadratic relationship between kobs and the concentrations of NADH models was found for the first time. The rate expression of the reactions developed according to the three-step mechanism is quite consistent with the quadratic curves. The rate constants, thermodynamic driving forces, and kinetic isotope effects of each elementary step for the reactions were estimated. All results supported the three-step mechanism. The intrinsic kinetic barriers of the proton transfer from BNAH+• to BNAH and the hydrogen-atom transfer from BNAH+• to BNAH+• were estimated by using Zhu equation; the results showed that the former is 11.8 kcal/mol and the latter is larger than 24.3 kcal/mol. It is the large intrinsic kinetic barrier of the hydrogen-atom transfer that makes the reactions choose the three-step rather than two-step mechanism. Further investigation of the factors affecting the intrinsic kinetic barrier of chemical reactions indicated that the large intrinsic kinetic barrier of the hydrogen-atom transfer originated from the repulsion of positive charges between BNAH+• and BNAH+•. The greatest contribution of this work is the discovery of the quadratic dependence of kobs on the concentrations of the NADH models, which is inconsistent with the conventional viewpoint of the "two-step mechanism" on the oxidation of NADH and its models by metal ions in the nonalkaline media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Dong Yang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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Identification and characterization two isoforms of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Aquifex aeolicus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:366-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Télot L, Rousseau E, Lesuisse E, Garcia C, Morlet B, Léger T, Camadro JM, Serre V. Quantitative proteomics in Friedreich's ataxia B-lymphocytes: A valuable approach to decipher the biochemical events responsible for pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:997-1009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Bioenergetic science started in the eighteenth century with the pioneer works by Joseph Priestley and Antoine de Lavoisier on photosynthesis and respiration, respectively. New developments were implemented by Pasteur in the 1860s with the description of fermentations associated with microorganisms, further documented by Buchner brothers who discovered that fermentations also occurred in cell extracts in the absence of living cells. In the beginning of the twentieth century, Harden and Young demonstrated that orthophosphate and other heat-resistant compounds (cozymase), later identified as NAD, ADP, and metal ions, were mandatory in the fermentation of glucose. The full glycolysis pathway has been detailed in the 1940s with the contributions of Embden, Meyeroff, Parnas, and Warburg, among others.Studies on the citric acid cycle started in 1910 (Thunberg) and were elucidated by Krebs et al. in the 1940s.Mitochondrial bioenergetics gained emphasis in the late 1940s and 1950s with the works of Lehninger, Racker, Chance, Boyer, Ernster, and Slater, among others. The prevalent "chemical coupling hypothesis" of energy conservation in oxidative phosphorylation was challenged and replaced by the "chemiosmotic hypothesis" originally formulated in the 1960s by Mitchell and later substantiated and extended to energy conservation in bacteria and chloroplasts, besides mitochondria, with clear-cut identification of molecular proton pumps.After identification of most reactive mechanisms, emphasis has been directed to structure resolution of molecular complex clusters, e. g., cytochrome c oxidase, complex III, complex II, ATP synthase, photosystem I, photosynthetic water-splitting center, and energy collecting antennae of several photosynthetic systems.Modern trends concern to the reactivity of radical and other active species in association with bioenergetic activities. A promising trend concentrates on the cell redox status quantified in terms of redox potentials.In spite of significant development and advances of bioenergetic knowledge, major issues remain mainly related with poor experimental designs not representative of the real native cell conditions. Therefore, a major effort has to be implemented regarding direct observations in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor M C Madeira
- Department of Life Sciences, Largo Marques de Pombal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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28
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Abstract
Mitochondria are the power stations of the eukaryotic cell, using the energy released by the oxidation of glucose and other sugars to produce ATP. Electrons are transferred from NADH, produced in the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrial matrix, to oxygen by a series of large protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient by pumping protons across the membrane. The flow of protons back into the matrix via a proton channel in the ATP synthase leads to conformational changes in the nucleotide binding pockets and the formation of ATP. The three proton pumping complexes of the electron transfer chain are NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase or complex I, ubiquinone-cytochrome c oxidoreductase or complex III, and cytochrome c oxidase or complex IV. Succinate dehydrogenase or complex II does not pump protons, but contributes reduced ubiquinone. The structures of complex II, III and IV were determined by x-ray crystallography several decades ago, but complex I and ATP synthase have only recently started to reveal their secrets by advances in x-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. The complexes I, III and IV occur to a certain extent as supercomplexes in the membrane, the so-called respirasomes. Several hypotheses exist about their function. Recent cryo-electron microscopy structures show the architecture of the respirasome with near-atomic detail. ATP synthase occurs as dimers in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which by their curvature are responsible for the folding of the membrane into cristae and thus for the huge increase in available surface that makes mitochondria the efficient energy plants of the eukaryotic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Sousa
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Edoardo D'Imprima
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Janet Vonck
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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29
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Papa S, Capitanio G, Papa F. The mechanism of coupling between oxido-reduction and proton translocation in respiratory chain enzymes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Papa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (BMSNSO), Section of Medical Biochemistry; University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’; Piazza G. Cesare 11 70124 Bari Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics; National Research Council at BMSNSO; Piazza G. Cesare 11 70124 Bari Italy
| | - Giuseppe Capitanio
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (BMSNSO), Section of Medical Biochemistry; University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’; Piazza G. Cesare 11 70124 Bari Italy
| | - Francesco Papa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (BMSNSO), Section of Medical Biochemistry; University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’; Piazza G. Cesare 11 70124 Bari Italy
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30
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Ni F, Zhou Y, Zhang WX, Wang XM, Song XM, Jiang H. Mitochondrial variations in the MT-ND4 and MT-TL1 genes are associated with male infertility. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2016; 63:2-6. [PMID: 27973917 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2016.1256451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial gene mutations have been reported to be associated with sperm motility and the quality of semen. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the two mitochondrial genes (MT-ND4 and MT-TL1) are involved in Chinese male infertility. A total of 97 asthenospermia patients and 80 fertile controls were recruited in this case-control study. Genomic DNA were extracted from the sperm of all participants. Two mitochondrial DNA genes (MT-ND4 and MT-TL1) were amplified by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the gene-specific primers and sequenced on an ABI 3730XL DNA sequencer. For the MT-ND4 gene, we found a total of 64 and 54 nucleotide substitutions in patients and controls, respectively, with no discrepancy in the mutation rates (66.0% vs. 67.5%, p>0.05). However, one mutation (g.11084A>G, p.T109A) leading to an amino acid substitution in a highly conserved residue and predicted to be deleterious was detected only in the cases. For another gene MT-TL1, a novel mutation (g.3263C>T) near the anticodon TAA was identified in an asthenospermia patient and was absent from normal controls. However, the mutation positions in the cases varied from the controls and one highly conserved mutation (g.11084A>G, p.T109A) which was not found in the controls and probably caused damage to the protein structure might contribute to asthenospermia. For another gene MT-TL1, a highly conservative novel mutation which is located closely next to the anticodon also might contribute to asthenospermia. Our result suggests that the MT-ND4 and MT-TL1 genes might be associated with Chinese male infertility. ABBREVIATIONS MT-ND4: mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 4; MT-TL1: mitochondrially encoded tRNA leucine 1 (UUA/G); PCR: polymerase chain reaction; OXPHOS: mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; SNPs: single nucleotide substitutions; AD: alzheimer's disease; PD: parkinson's disease; MELAS: mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes; ROS: reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ni
- a The Reproductive Medicine Center , Clinical College of People's Liberation Army Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b The Reproductive Medicine Center , 105 Hospital of People's Liberation Army , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Yun Zhou
- a The Reproductive Medicine Center , Clinical College of People's Liberation Army Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b The Reproductive Medicine Center , 105 Hospital of People's Liberation Army , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Wen-Xiang Zhang
- a The Reproductive Medicine Center , Clinical College of People's Liberation Army Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b The Reproductive Medicine Center , 105 Hospital of People's Liberation Army , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Xue-Mei Wang
- a The Reproductive Medicine Center , Clinical College of People's Liberation Army Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b The Reproductive Medicine Center , 105 Hospital of People's Liberation Army , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Xiao-Min Song
- a The Reproductive Medicine Center , Clinical College of People's Liberation Army Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b The Reproductive Medicine Center , 105 Hospital of People's Liberation Army , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Hong Jiang
- a The Reproductive Medicine Center , Clinical College of People's Liberation Army Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b The Reproductive Medicine Center , 105 Hospital of People's Liberation Army , Hefei , Anhui , China
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31
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Holt PJ, Efremov RG, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Sazanov LA. Reversible FMN dissociation from Escherichia coli respiratory complex I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1777-1785. [PMID: 27555334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory complex I transfers electrons from NADH to quinone, utilizing the reaction energy to translocate protons across the membrane. It is a key enzyme of the respiratory chain of many prokaryotic and most eukaryotic organisms. The reversible NADH oxidation reaction is facilitated in complex I by non-covalently bound flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Here we report that the catalytic activity of E. coli complex I with artificial electron acceptors potassium ferricyanide (FeCy) and hexaamineruthenium (HAR) is significantly inhibited in the enzyme pre-reduced by NADH. Further, we demonstrate that the inhibition is caused by reversible dissociation of FMN. The binding constant (Kd) for FMN increases from the femto- or picomolar range in oxidized complex I to the nanomolar range in the NADH reduced enzyme, with an FMN dissociation time constant of ~5s. The oxidation state of complex I, rather than that of FMN, proved critical to the dissociation. Such dissociation is not observed with the T. thermophilus enzyme and our analysis suggests that the difference may be due to the unusually high redox potential of Fe-S cluster N1a in E. coli. It is possible that the enzyme attenuates ROS production in vivo by releasing FMN under highly reducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Holt
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Rouslan G Efremov
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, United States
| | - Leonid A Sazanov
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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32
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Suenobu T, Shibata S, Fukuzumi S. Catalytic Formation of Hydrogen Peroxide from Coenzyme NADH and Dioxygen with a Water-Soluble Iridium Complex and a Ubiquinone Coenzyme Analogue. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7747-54. [PMID: 27403568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A ubiquinone coenzyme analogue (Q0: 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone) was reduced by coenzyme NADH to yield the corresponding reduced form of Q0 (Q0H2) in the presence of a catalytic amount of a [C,N] cyclometalated organoiridium complex (1: [Ir(III)(Cp*)(4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl-κN(2))benzoic acid-κC(3))(H2O)]2SO4) in water at ambient temperature as observed in the respiratory chain complex I (Complex I). In the catalytic cycle, the reduction of 1 by NADH produces the corresponding iridium hydride complex that in turn reduces Q0 to produce Q0H2. Q0H2 reduced dioxygen to yield hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under slightly basic conditions. Catalytic generation of H2O2 was made possible in the reaction of O2 with NADH as the functional expression of NADH oxidase in white blood cells utilizing the redox cycle of Q0 as well as 1 for the first time in a nonenzymatic homogeneous reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyoshi Suenobu
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA and SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology , Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shibata
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA and SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology , Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA and SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology , Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Meijo University, ALCA and SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology Agency , Nagoya, Aichi 468-0073, Japan
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33
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Fromm S, Senkler J, Eubel H, Peterhänsel C, Braun HP. Life without complex I: proteome analyses of an Arabidopsis mutant lacking the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase complex. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3079-93. [PMID: 27122571 PMCID: PMC4867900 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase complex (complex I) is of particular importance for the respiratory chain in mitochondria. It is the major electron entry site for the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) and therefore of great significance for mitochondrial ATP generation. We recently described an Arabidopsis thaliana double-mutant lacking the genes encoding the carbonic anhydrases CA1 and CA2, which both form part of a plant-specific 'carbonic anhydrase domain' of mitochondrial complex I. The mutant lacks complex I completely. Here we report extended analyses for systematically characterizing the proteome of the ca1ca2 mutant. Using various proteomic tools, we show that lack of complex I causes reorganization of the cellular respiration system. Reduced electron entry into the respiratory chain at the first segment of the mETC leads to induction of complexes II and IV as well as alternative oxidase. Increased electron entry at later segments of the mETC requires an increase in oxidation of organic substrates. This is reflected by higher abundance of proteins involved in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and branched-chain amino acid catabolism. Proteins involved in the light reaction of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle, tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, and photorespiration are clearly reduced, contributing to the significant delay in growth and development of the double-mutant. Finally, enzymes involved in defense against reactive oxygen species and stress symptoms are much induced. These together with previously reported insights into the function of plant complex I, which were obtained by analysing other complex I mutants, are integrated in order to comprehensively describe 'life without complex I'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffanie Fromm
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany Institut für Botanik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Senkler
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger Eubel
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Peterhänsel
- Institut für Botanik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
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34
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Narayanan M, Sakyiama JA, Elguindy MM, Nakamaru-Ogiso E. Roles of subunit NuoL in the proton pumping coupling mechanism of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) from Escherichia coli. J Biochem 2016; 160:205-215. [PMID: 27118783 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory complex I has an L-shaped structure formed by the hydrophilic arm responsible for electron transfer and the membrane arm that contains protons pumping machinery. Here, to gain mechanistic insights into the role of subunit NuoL, we investigated the effects of Mg2+, Zn2+ and the Na+/H+ antiporter inhibitor 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride (EIPA) on proton pumping activities of various isolated NuoL mutant complex I after reconstitution into Escherichia coli double knockout (DKO) membrane vesicles lacking complex I and the NADH dehydrogenase type 2. We found that Mg2+ was critical for proton pumping activity of complex I. At 2 µM Zn2+, proton pumping of the wild-type was selectively inhibited without affecting electron transfer; no inhibition in proton pumping of D178N and D400A was observed, suggesting the involvement of these residues in Zn2+ binding. Fifteen micromolar of EIPA caused up to ∼40% decrease in the proton pumping activity of the wild-type, D303A and D400A/E, whereas no significant change was detected in D178N, indicating its possible involvement in the EIPA binding. Furthermore, when menaquinone-rich DKO membranes were used, the proton pumping efficiency in the wild-type was decreased significantly (∼50%) compared with NuoL mutants strongly suggesting that NuoL is involved in the high efficiency pumping mechanism in complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavan Narayanan
- Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A Sakyiama
- Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mahmoud M Elguindy
- Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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35
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Berrisford JM, Baradaran R, Sazanov LA. Structure of bacterial respiratory complex I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:892-901. [PMID: 26807915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) plays a central role in cellular energy production, coupling electron transfer between NADH and quinone to proton translocation. It is the largest protein assembly of respiratory chains and one of the most elaborate redox membrane proteins known. Bacterial enzyme is about half the size of mitochondrial and thus provides its important "minimal" model. Dysfunction of mitochondrial complex I is implicated in many human neurodegenerative diseases. The L-shaped complex consists of a hydrophilic arm, where electron transfer occurs, and a membrane arm, where proton translocation takes place. We have solved the crystal structures of the hydrophilic domain of complex I from Thermus thermophilus, the membrane domain from Escherichia coli and recently of the intact, entire complex I from T. thermophilus (536 kDa, 16 subunits, 9 iron-sulphur clusters, 64 transmembrane helices). The 95Å long electron transfer pathway through the enzyme proceeds from the primary electron acceptor flavin mononucleotide through seven conserved Fe-S clusters to the unusual elongated quinone-binding site at the interface with the membrane domain. Four putative proton translocation channels are found in the membrane domain, all linked by the central flexible axis containing charged residues. The redox energy of electron transfer is coupled to proton translocation by the as yet undefined mechanism proposed to involve long-range conformational changes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Respiratory complex I, edited by Volker Zickermann and Ulrich Brandt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rozbeh Baradaran
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 430 E 67th Street, NY 10065, USA
| | - Leonid A Sazanov
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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36
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Castro PJ, Silva AF, Marreiros BC, Batista AP, Pereira MM. Respiratory complex I: A dual relation with H(+) and Na(+)? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1857:928-37. [PMID: 26711319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory complex I couples NADH:quinone oxidoreduction to ion translocation across the membrane, contributing to the buildup of the transmembrane difference of electrochemical potential. H(+) is well recognized to be the coupling ion of this system but some studies suggested that this role could be also performed by Na(+). We have previously observed NADH-driven Na(+) transport opposite to H(+) translocation by menaquinone-reducing complexes I, which indicated a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter activity in these systems. Such activity was also observed for the ubiquinone-reducing mitochondrial complex I in its deactive form. The relation of Na(+) with complex I may not be surprising since the enzyme has three subunits structurally homologous to bona fide Na(+)/H(+) antiporters and translocation of H(+) and Na(+) ions has been described for members of most types of ion pumps and transporters. Moreover, no clearly distinguishable motifs for the binding of H(+) or Na(+) have been recognized yet. We noticed that in menaquinone-reducing complexes I, less energy is available for ion translocation, compared to ubiquinone-reducing complexes I. Therefore, we hypothesized that menaquinone-reducing complexes I perform Na(+)/H(+) antiporter activity in order to achieve the stoichiometry of 4H(+)/2e(-). In agreement, the organisms that use ubiquinone, a high potential quinone, would have kept such Na(+)/H(+) antiporter activity, only operative under determined conditions. This would imply a physiological role(s) of complex I besides a simple "coupling" of a redox reaction and ion transport, which could account for the sophistication of this enzyme. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Respiratory complex I, edited by Volker Zickermann and Ulrich Brandt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo J Castro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Andreia F Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Bruno C Marreiros
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana P Batista
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuela M Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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37
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Friedrich T, Dekovic DK, Burschel S. Assembly of the Escherichia coli NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (respiratory complex I). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1857:214-23. [PMID: 26682761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Energy-converting NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, respiratory complex I, couples the electron transfer from NADH to ubiquinone with the translocation of four protons across the membrane. The Escherichia coli complex I is made up of 13 different subunits encoded by the so-called nuo-genes. The electron transfer is catalyzed by nine cofactors, a flavin mononucleotide and eight iron-sulfur (Fe/S)-clusters. The individual subunits and the cofactors have to be assembled together in a coordinated way to guarantee the biogenesis of the active holoenzyme. Only little is known about the assembly of the bacterial complex compared to the mitochondrial one. Due to the presence of so many Fe/S-clusters the assembly of complex I is intimately connected with the systems responsible for the biogenesis of these clusters. In addition, a few other proteins have been reported to be required for an effective assembly of the complex in other bacteria. The proposed role of known bacterial assembly factors is discussed and the information from other bacterial species is used in this review to draw an as complete as possible model of bacterial complex I assembly. In addition, the supramolecular organization of the complex in E. coli is briefly described. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Organization and dynamics of bioenergetic systems in bacteria, edited by Prof. Conrad Mullineaux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Friedrich
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Biochemie, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albertstr. 19A, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany.
| | - Doris Kreuzer Dekovic
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Biochemie, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albertstr. 19A, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Sabrina Burschel
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Biochemie, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
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38
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Kriegel S, Srour B, Steimle S, Friedrich T, Hellwig P. Involvement of Acidic Amino Acid Residues in Zn2+Binding to Respiratory Complex I. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2080-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Kriegel
- Laboratoire de Bioelectrochimie et Spectroscopie; UMR 7140; Chimie de la Matière Complexe; Université de Strasbourg; CNRS; 1 rue Blaise Pascal 67070 Strasbourg France
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire; Unité Mixte de Recherche Université-; CNRS No. 7591; Bâtiment Lavoisier 15 rue Jean de Baïf 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Batoul Srour
- Laboratoire de Bioelectrochimie et Spectroscopie; UMR 7140; Chimie de la Matière Complexe; Université de Strasbourg; CNRS; 1 rue Blaise Pascal 67070 Strasbourg France
| | - Stefan Steimle
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Institut für Biochemie; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Thorsten Friedrich
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Institut für Biochemie; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Petra Hellwig
- Laboratoire de Bioelectrochimie et Spectroscopie; UMR 7140; Chimie de la Matière Complexe; Université de Strasbourg; CNRS; 1 rue Blaise Pascal 67070 Strasbourg France
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Steimle S, Schnick C, Burger EM, Nuber F, Krämer D, Dawitz H, Brander S, Matlosz B, Schäfer J, Maurer K, Glessner U, Friedrich T. Cysteine scanning reveals minor local rearrangements of the horizontal helix of respiratory complex I. Mol Microbiol 2015; 98:151-61. [PMID: 26115017 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, respiratory complex I, couples electron transfer from NADH to ubiquinone with the translocation of protons across the membrane. The complex consists of a peripheral arm catalyzing the redox reaction and a membrane arm catalyzing proton translocation. The membrane arm is almost completely aligned by a 110 Å unique horizontal helix that is discussed to transmit conformational changes induced by the redox reaction in a piston-like movement to the membrane arm driving proton translocation. Here, we analyzed such a proposed movement by cysteine-scanning of the helix of the Escherichia coli complex I. The accessibility of engineered cysteine residues and the flexibility of individual positions were determined by labeling the preparations with a fluorescent marker and a spin-probe, respectively, in the oxidized and reduced states. The differences in fluorescence labeling and the rotational flexibility of the spin probe between both redox states indicate only slight conformational changes at distinct positions of the helix but not a large movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Steimle
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Christian Schnick
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Burger
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Franziska Nuber
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Dorothée Krämer
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Hannah Dawitz
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Sofia Brander
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Bartlomiej Matlosz
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Jacob Schäfer
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Katharina Maurer
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Udo Glessner
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Thorsten Friedrich
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
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40
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Narayanan M, Leung SA, Inaba Y, Elguindy MM, Nakamaru-Ogiso E. Semiquinone intermediates are involved in the energy coupling mechanism of E. coli complex I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:681-9. [PMID: 25868873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Complex I (NADH:quinone oxidoreductase) is central to cellular aerobic energy metabolism, and its deficiency is involved in many human mitochondrial diseases. Complex I translocates protons across the membrane using electron transfer energy. Semiquinone (SQ) intermediates appearing during catalysis are suggested to be key for the coupling mechanism in complex I. However, the existence of SQ has remained controversial due to the extreme difficulty in detecting unstable and low intensity SQ signals. Here, for the first time with Escherichia coli complex I reconstituted in proteoliposomes, we successfully resolved and characterized three distinct SQ species by EPR. These species include: fast-relaxing SQ (SQNf) with P1/2 (half-saturation power level)>50mW and a wider linewidth (12.8 G); slow-relaxing SQ (SQNs) with P1/2=2-3mW and a 10G linewidth; and very slow-relaxing SQ (SQNvs) with P1/2= ~0.1mW and a 7.5G linewidth. The SQNf signals completely disappeared in the presence of the uncoupler gramicidin D or squamotacin, a potent E. coli complex I inhibitor. The pH dependency of the SQNf signals correlated with the proton-pumping activities of complex I. The SQNs signals were insensitive to gramicidin D, but sensitive to squamotacin. The SQNvs signals were insensitive to both gramicidin D and squamotacin. Our deuterium exchange experiments suggested that SQNf is neutral, while SQNs and SQNvs are anion radicals. The SQNs signals were lost in the ΔNuoL mutant missing transporter module subunits NuoL and NuoM. The roles and relationships of the SQ intermediates in the coupling mechanism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavan Narayanan
- Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Steven A Leung
- Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Yuta Inaba
- Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Mahmoud M Elguindy
- Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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41
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Wikström M, Sharma V, Kaila VRI, Hosler JP, Hummer G. New Perspectives on Proton Pumping in Cellular Respiration. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2196-221. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500448t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mårten Wikström
- Institute
of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Biocenter 3 (Viikinkaari 1), PB
65, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department
of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, Tampere 33720, Finland
| | - Ville R. I. Kaila
- Department
Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan P. Hosler
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, United States
| | - Gerhard Hummer
- Department
of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Straße
3, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
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42
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Kohlstädt M, Dörner K, Labatzke R, Koç C, Heilscher R, Schiltz E, Einsle O, Hellwig P, Friedrich T. Heterologous production, isolation, characterization and crystallization of a soluble fragment of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) from Aquifex aeolicus. Biochemistry 2015; 47:13036-45. [PMID: 19006332 DOI: 10.1021/bi801307n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The proton-pumping NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) is the first enzyme complex of the respiratory chains in many bacteria and most eukaryotes. It is the least understood of all, due to its enormous size and unique energy conversion mechanism. The bacterial complex is in general made up of 14 different subunits named NuoA-N. Subunits NuoE, -F, and -G comprise the electron input part of the complex. We have cloned these genes from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus and expressed them heterologously in Escherichia coli. A soluble subcomplex made up of NuoE and NuoF and containing the NADH binding site, the primary electron acceptor flavin mononucleotide (FMN), the binuclear iron-sulfur cluster N1a, and the tetranuclear iron-sulfur cluster N3 was isolated by chromatographic methods. The proteins were identified by N-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry; the cofactors were characterized by UV/vis and EPR spectroscopy. Subunit NuoG was not produced in this strain. The preparation was thermostable and exhibited maximum NADH/ferricyanide oxidoreductase activity at 85 degrees C. Analytical size-exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering revealed the homogeneity of the preparation. First attempts to crystallize the preparation led to crystals diffracting more than 2 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kohlstädt
- Institut fur Organische Chemie and Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, and Institut de Chimie UMR 7177, Laboratoire de spectroscopie vib. et electrochimie des biomolecules, CNRS, Universite Louis Pasteur, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
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43
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Sinha PK, Castro-Guerrero N, Patki G, Sato M, Torres-Bacete J, Sinha S, Miyoshi H, Matsuno-Yagi A, Yagi T. Conserved amino acid residues of the NuoD segment important for structure and function of Escherichia coli NDH-1 (complex I). Biochemistry 2015; 54:753-64. [PMID: 25545070 PMCID: PMC4310626 DOI: 10.1021/bi501403t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The NuoD segment (homologue of mitochondrial
49 kDa subunit) of
the proton-translocating NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (complex I/NDH-1)
from Escherichia coli is in the hydrophilic domain
and bears many highly conserved amino acid residues. The three-dimensional
structural model of NDH-1 suggests that the NuoD segment, together
with the neighboring subunits, constitutes a putative quinone binding
cavity. We used the homologous DNA recombination technique to clarify
the role of selected key amino acid residues of the NuoD segment.
Among them, residues Tyr273 and His224 were considered candidates
for having important interactions with the quinone headgroup. Mutant
Y273F retained partial activity but lost sensitivity to capsaicin-40.
Mutant H224R scarcely affected the activity, suggesting that this
residue may not be essential. His224 is located in a loop near the
N-terminus of the NuoD segment (Gly217–Phe227) which is considered
to form part of the quinone binding cavity. In contrast to the His224
mutation, mutants G217V, P218A, and G225V almost completely lost the
activity. One region of this loop is positioned close to a cytosolic
loop of the NuoA subunit in the membrane domain, and together they
seem to be important in keeping the quinone binding cavity intact.
The structural role of the longest helix in the NuoD segment located
behind the quinone binding cavity was also investigated. Possible
roles of other highly conserved residues of the NuoD segment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Kumar Sinha
- Deparment of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, and ‡Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MEM256, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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44
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Edwardson DW, Narendrula R, Chewchuk S, Mispel-Beyer K, Mapletoft JPJ, Parissenti AM. Role of Drug Metabolism in the Cytotoxicity and Clinical Efficacy of Anthracyclines. Curr Drug Metab 2015; 16:412-26. [PMID: 26321196 PMCID: PMC5398089 DOI: 10.2174/1389200216888150915112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many clinical studies involving anti-tumor agents neglect to consider how these agents are metabolized within the host and whether the creation of specific metabolites alters drug therapeutic properties or toxic side effects. However, this is not the case for the anthracycline class of chemotherapy drugs. This review describes the various enzymes involved in the one electron (semi-quinone) or two electron (hydroxylation) reduction of anthracyclines, or in their reductive deglycosidation into deoxyaglycones. The effects of these reductions on drug antitumor efficacy and toxic side effects are also discussed. Current evidence suggests that the one electron reduction of anthracyclines augments both their tumor toxicity and their toxicity towards the host, in particular their cardiotoxicity. In contrast, the two electron reduction (hydroxylation) of anthracyclines strongly reduces their ability to kill tumor cells, while augmenting cardiotoxicity through their accumulation within cardiomyocytes and their direct effects on excitation/contraction coupling within the myocytes. The reductive deglycosidation of anthracyclines appears to inactivate the drug and only occurs under rare, anaerobic conditions. This knowledge has resulted in the identification of important new approaches to improve the therapeutic index of anthracyclines, in particular by inhibiting their cardiotoxicity. The true utility of these approaches in the management of cancer patients undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy remains unclear, although one such agent (the iron chelator dexrazoxane) has recently been approved for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amadeo M Parissenti
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
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45
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Baum AE, Park H, Lindeman SV, Fiedler AT. Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of high-spin mononuclear iron(II) p-semiquinonate complexes. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12240-2. [PMID: 25393154 PMCID: PMC4254022 DOI: 10.1021/ic502564r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two mononuclear iron(II) p-semiquinonate (pSQ) complexes have been generated via one-electron reduction of precursor complexes containing a substituted 1,4-naphthoquinone ligand. Detailed spectroscopic and computational analysis confirmed the presence of a coordinated pSQ radical ferromagnetically coupled to the high-spin Fe(II) center. The complexes are intended to model electronic interactions between (semi)quinone and iron cofactors in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Baum
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette
University, 535 North
14th Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Heaweon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette
University, 535 North
14th Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Sergey V. Lindeman
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette
University, 535 North
14th Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Adam T. Fiedler
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette
University, 535 North
14th Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
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46
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The Staphylococcus aureus NuoL-like protein MpsA contributes to the generation of membrane potential. J Bacteriol 2014; 197:794-806. [PMID: 25448817 DOI: 10.1128/jb.02127-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In aerobic microorganisms, the entry point of respiratory electron transfer is represented by the NADH:quinone oxidoreductase. The enzyme couples the oxidation of NADH with the reduction of quinone. In the type 1 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (Ndh1), this reaction is accompanied by the translocation of cations, such as H(+) or Na(+). In Escherichia coli, cation translocation is accomplished by the subunit NuoL, thus generating membrane potential (Δψ). Some microorganisms achieve NADH oxidation by the alternative, nonelectrogenic type 2 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (Ndh2), which is not cation translocating. Since these enzymes had not been described in Staphylococcus aureus, the goal of this study was to identify proteins operating in the NADH:quinone segment of its respiratory chain. We demonstrated that Ndh2 represents a NADH:quinone oxidoreductase in S. aureus. Additionally, we identified a hypothetical protein in S. aureus showing sequence similarity to the proton-translocating subunit NuoL of complex I in E. coli: the NuoL-like protein MpsA. Mutants with deletion of the nuoL-like gene mpsA and its corresponding operon, mpsABC (mps for membrane potential-generating system), exhibited a small-colony-variant-like phenotype and were severely affected in Δψ and oxygen consumption rates. The MpsABC proteins did not confer NADH oxidation activity. Using an Na(+)/H(+) antiporter-deficient E. coli strain, we could show that MpsABC constitute a cation-translocating system capable of Na(+) transport. Our study demonstrates that MpsABC represent an important functional system of the respiratory chain of S. aureus that acts as an electrogenic unit responsible for the generation of Δψ.
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47
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Schulte M, Mattay D, Kriegel S, Hellwig P, Friedrich T. Inhibition of Escherichia coli respiratory complex I by Zn(2+). Biochemistry 2014; 53:6332-9. [PMID: 25238255 DOI: 10.1021/bi5009276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The energy-converting NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, respiratory complex I, couples NADH oxidation and quinone reduction with the translocation of protons across the membrane. Complex I exhibits a unique L shape with a peripheral arm extending in the aqueous phase and a membrane arm embedded in the lipid bilayer. Both arms have a length of ∼180 Å. The electron transfer reaction is catalyzed by a series of cofactors in the peripheral arm, while the membrane arm catalyzes proton translocation. We used the inhibition of complex I by zinc to shed light on the coupling of the two processes, which is not yet understood. Enzyme kinetics revealed the presence of two high-affinity binding sites for Zn(2+) that are attributed to the proton translocation pathways in the membrane arm. Electrochemically induced Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy demonstrated that zinc binding involves at least two protonated acidic residues. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that one of the cofactors is only partially reduced by NADH in the presence of Zn(2+). We conclude that blocking the proton channels in the membrane arm leads to a partial block of the electron transfer in the peripheral arm, indicating the long-range coupling between both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Schulte
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität , 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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48
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Grivennikova VG, Vinogradov AD. Mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 78:1490-511. [PMID: 24490736 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913130087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous biochemical studies are aimed at elucidating the sources and mechanisms of formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) because they are involved in cellular, organ-, and tissue-specific physiology. Mitochondria along with other cellular organelles of eukaryotes contribute significantly to ROS formation and utilization. This review is a critical account of the mitochondrial ROS production and methods for their registration. The physiological and pathophysiological significance of the mitochondrially produced ROS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Grivennikova
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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49
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Roles of semiquinone species in proton pumping mechanism by complex I. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2014; 46:269-77. [PMID: 25077450 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-014-9557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Complex I (NDH-1) translocates protons across the membrane using electron transfer energy. Two different coupling mechanisms are currently being discussed for complex I: direct (redox-driven) and indirect (conformation-driven). Semiquinone (SQ) intermediates are suggested to be key for the coupling mechanism. Recently, using progressive power saturation and simulation techniques, three distinct SQ species were resolved by EPR analysis of E. coli complex I reconstituted into proteoliposomes. The fast-relaxing SQ (SQ(Nf)) signals completely disappeared in the presence of the uncoupler gramicidin D or the potent E. coli complex I inhibitor squamotacin. The slow-relaxing SQ (SQ(Ns)) signals were insensitive to gramicidin D, but they were sensitive to squamotacin. The very slow-relaxing SQ (SQ(Nvs)) signals were insensitive to both gramicidin D and squamotacin. Interestingly, no SQ(Ns) signal was observed in the ΔNuoL mutant, which lacks transporter module subunits NuoL and NuoM. Furthermore, we sought out the effect of using menaquinone (which has a lower redox potential compared to that of ubiquinone) as an electron acceptor on the proton pumping stoichiometry by in vitro reconstitution experiments with ubiquinone-rich or menaquinone-rich double knock-out membrane vesicles, which contain neither complex I nor NDH-2 (non-proton translocating NADH dehydrogenase). No difference in the proton pumping stoichiometry between menaquinone and ubiquinone was observed in the ΔNuoL and D178N mutants, which are considered to lack the indirect proton pumping mechanism. However, the proton pumping stoichiometry with menaquinone decreased by half in the wild-type. The roles and relationships of SQ intermediates in the coupling mechanism of complex I are discussed.
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50
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Tan P, Feng Z, Zhang L, Hou T, Li Y. The mechanism of proton translocation in respiratory complex I from molecular dynamics. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 35:170-9. [PMID: 25055024 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.942464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory complex I, the biggest enzyme of respiratory chain, plays a key role in energy production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain and has been implicated in many human neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the crystal structure of respiratory complex I is reported. We perform 50 ns molecular dynamics simulations on the membrane domain of respiratory complex I under two hypothetical states (oxidized state and reduced state). We find that the density of water molecules in the trans-membrane domain under reduced state is bigger than that under oxidized state. The connecting elements (helix HL and β-hairpins-helix element) fluctuate stronger under reduced state than that under oxidized state, causing more internal water molecules and facilitating the proton conduction. The conformational changes of helix HL and the crucial charged residue Glu in TM5 play key roles in the mechanism of proton translocation. Our results illustrate the dynamic behavior and the potential mechanism of respiratory complex I, which provides the structural basis for drug design of respiratory complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengli Tan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou , China and
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