1
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Cilek N, Ugurel E, Goksel E, Yalcin O. Signaling mechanisms in red blood cells: A view through the protein phosphorylation and deformability. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e30958. [PMID: 36748950 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular signaling mechanisms in red blood cells (RBCs) involve various protein kinases and phosphatases and enable rapid adaptive responses to hypoxia, metabolic requirements, oxidative stress, or shear stress by regulating the physiological properties of the cell. Protein phosphorylation is a ubiquitous mechanism for intracellular signal transduction, volume regulation, and cytoskeletal organization in RBCs. Spectrin-based cytoskeleton connects integral membrane proteins, band 3 and glycophorin C to junctional proteins, ankyrin and Protein 4.1. Phosphorylation leads to a conformational change in the protein structure, weakening the interactions between proteins in the cytoskeletal network that confers a more flexible nature for the RBC membrane. The structural organization of the membrane and the cytoskeleton determines RBC deformability that allows cells to change their ability to deform under shear stress to pass through narrow capillaries. The shear stress sensing mechanisms and oxygenation-deoxygenation transitions regulate cell volume and mechanical properties of the membrane through the activation of ion transporters and specific phosphorylation events mediated by signal transduction. In this review, we summarize the roles of Protein kinase C, cAMP-Protein kinase A, cGMP-nitric oxide, RhoGTPase, and MAP/ERK pathways in the modulation of RBC deformability in both healthy and disease states. We emphasize that targeting signaling elements may be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hemoglobinopathies or channelopathies. We expect the present review will provide additional insights into RBC responses to shear stress and hypoxia via signaling mechanisms and shed light on the current and novel treatment options for pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Cilek
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ugurel
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evrim Goksel
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yalcin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Bardyn M, Crettaz D, Rappaz B, Hamelin R, Armand F, Tissot JD, Turcatti G, Prudent M. Phosphoproteomics and morphology of stored human red blood cells treated by protein tyrosine phosphatases inhibitor. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1-13. [PMID: 37910801 PMCID: PMC10784683 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023009964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The process of protein phosphorylation is involved in numerous cell functions. In particular, phosphotyrosine (pY) has been reported to play a role in red blood cell (RBC) functions, including the cytoskeleton organization. During their storage before transfusion, RBCs suffer from storage lesions that affect their energy metabolism and morphology. This study investigated the relationship between pY and the storage lesions. To do so, RBCs were treated (in the absence of calcium) with a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor (orthovanadate [OV]) to stimulate phosphorylation and with 3 selective kinase inhibitors (KIs). Erythrocyte membrane proteins were studied by western blot analyses and phosphoproteomics (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD039914) and cell morphology by digital holographic microscopy. The increase of pY triggered by OV treatment (inducing a global downregulation of pS and pT) disappeared during the storage. Phosphoproteomic analysis identified 609 phosphoproteins containing 1752 phosphosites, of which 41 pY were upregulated and 2 downregulated by OV. After these phosphorylation processes, the shape of RBCs shifted from discocytes to spherocytes, and the addition of KIs partially inhibited this transition. The KIs modulated either pY or pS and pT via diverse mechanisms related to cell shape, thereby affecting RBC morphology. The capacity of RBCs to maintain their function is central in transfusion medicine, and the presented results contribute to a better understanding of RBC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Bardyn
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - David Crettaz
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Rappaz
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Hamelin
- Proteomics Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Armand
- Proteomics Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Daniel Tissot
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Gerardo Turcatti
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Prudent
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Balach MM, Santander VS, Elisio EY, Rivelli JF, Muhlberger T, Campetelli AN, Casale CH, Monesterolo NE. Tubulin-mediated anatomical and functional changes caused by Ca 2+ in human erythrocytes. J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00946-4. [PMID: 36773113 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In previous research, we observed that tubulin can be found in three fractions within erythrocytes, i.e., attached to the membrane, as a soluble fraction, or as part of a structure that can be sedimented by centrifugation. Given that its differential distribution within these fractions may alter several hemorheological properties, such as erythrocyte deformability, the present work studied how this distribution is in turn affected by Ca2+, another key player in the regulation of erythrocyte cytoskeleton stability. The effect of Ca2+ on some hemorheological parameters was also assessed. The results showed that when Ca2+ concentrations increased in the cell, whether by the addition of ionophore A23187, by specific plasma membrane Ca2 + _ATPase (PMCA) inhibition, or due to arterial hypertension, tubulin translocate to the membrane, erythrocyte deformability decreased, and phosphatidylserine exposure increased. Moreover, increased Ca2+ was associated with an inverse correlation in the distribution of tubulin and spectrin, another important cytoskeleton protein. Based on these findings, we propose the existence of a mechanism of action through which higher Ca2+ concentrations in erythrocytes trigger the migration of tubulin to the membrane, a phenomenon that results in alterations of rheological and molecular aspects of the membrane itself, as well as of the integrity of the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa M Balach
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), CONICET - UNRC)- Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico- Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica S Santander
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), CONICET - UNRC)- Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico- Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elida Y Elisio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico- Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan F Rivelli
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), CONICET - UNRC)- Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico- Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Tamara Muhlberger
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico- Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alexis N Campetelli
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), CONICET - UNRC)- Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico- Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cesar H Casale
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), CONICET - UNRC)- Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico- Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Noelia E Monesterolo
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), CONICET - UNRC)- Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico- Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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4
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Chen Y, Miyazono K, Otsuka Y, Kanamori M, Yamashita A, Arashiki N, Matsumoto T, Takada K, Sato K, Mohandas N, Inaba M. Membrane skeleton hyperstability due to a novel alternatively spliced 4.1R can account for ellipsoidal camelid red cells with decreased deformability. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102877. [PMID: 36621628 PMCID: PMC9926112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The red blood cells (RBCs) of vertebrates have evolved into two basic shapes, with nucleated nonmammalian RBCs having a biconvex ellipsoidal shape and anuclear mammalian RBCs having a biconcave disk shape. In contrast, camelid RBCs are flat ellipsoids with reduced membrane deformability, suggesting altered membrane skeletal organization. However, the mechanisms responsible for their elliptocytic shape and reduced deformability have not been determined. We here showed that in alpaca RBCs, protein 4.1R, a major component of the membrane skeleton, contains an alternatively spliced exon 14-derived cassette (e14) not observed in the highly conserved 80 kDa 4.1R of other highly deformable biconcave mammalian RBCs. The inclusion of this exon, along with the preceding unordered proline- and glutamic acid-rich peptide (PE), results in a larger and unique 90 kDa camelid 4.1R. Human 4.1R containing e14 and PE, but not PE alone, showed markedly increased ability to form a spectrin-actin-4.1R ternary complex in viscosity assays. A similar facilitated ternary complex was formed by human 4.1R possessing a duplication of the spectrin-actin-binding domain, one of the mutations known to cause human hereditary elliptocytosis. The e14- and PE-containing mutant also exhibited an increased binding affinity to β-spectrin compared with WT 4.1R. Taken together, these findings indicate that 4.1R protein with the e14 cassette results in the formation and maintenance of a hyperstable membrane skeleton, resulting in rigid red ellipsoidal cells in camelid species, and suggest that membrane structure is evolutionarily regulated by alternative splicing of exons in the 4.1R gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Miyazono
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Otsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mariko Kanamori
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aozora Yamashita
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuto Arashiki
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehisa Matsumoto
- Drug Discovery Structural Biology Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kensuke Takada
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Narla Mohandas
- Red Cell Physiology Laboratory, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mutsumi Inaba
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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5
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Chen Y, Zhan Q, Zhang J, Wang W, Luan Khoo B, Liu Z, Wei S, Niu J, Xu J, Yu CC, Hu X, Liu Y, Han J, Liu S, Liu L. Accurate prediction of drug-induced heterogeneous response of red cell in vivo using a gravity-driven flow cytometry based on a microfluidic chip. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1221:340151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Delgadillo LF, Huang YS, Leon S, Palis J, Waugh RE. Development of Mechanical Stability in Late-Stage Embryonic Erythroid Cells: Insights From Fluorescence Imaged Micro-Deformation Studies. Front Physiol 2022; 12:761936. [PMID: 35082687 PMCID: PMC8784407 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.761936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined use of fluorescence labeling and micro-manipulation of red blood cells has proven to be a powerful tool for understanding and characterizing fundamental mechanisms underlying the mechanical behavior of cells. Here we used this approach to study the development of the membrane-associated cytoskeleton (MAS) in primary embryonic erythroid cells. Erythropoiesis comes in two forms in the mammalian embryo, primitive and definitive, characterized by intra- and extra-vascular maturation, respectively. Primitive erythroid precursors in the murine embryo first begin to circulate at embryonic day (E) 8.25 and mature as a semi-synchronous cohort before enucleating between E12.5 and E16.5. Previously, we determined that the major components of the MAS become localized to the membrane between E10.5 and E12.5, and that this localization is associated with an increase in membrane mechanical stability over this same period. The change in mechanical stability was reflected in the creation of MAS-free regions of the membrane at the tips of the projections formed when cells were aspirated into micropipettes. The tendency to form MAS-free regions decreases as primitive erythroid cells continue to mature through E14.5, at least 2 days after all detectable cytoskeletal components are localized to the membrane, indicating continued strengthening of membrane cohesion after membrane localization of cytoskeletal components. Here we demonstrate that the formation of MAS-free regions is the result of a mechanical failure within the MAS, and not the detachment of membrane bilayer from the MAS. Once a "hole" is formed in the MAS, the skeletal network contracts laterally along the aspirated projection to form the MAS-free region. In protein 4.1-null primitive erythroid cells, the tendency to form MAS-free regions is markedly enhanced. Of note, similar MAS-free regions were observed in maturing erythroid cells from human marrow, indicating that similar processes occur in definitive erythroid cells. We conclude that localization of cytoskeletal components to the cell membrane of mammalian erythroid cells during maturation is insufficient by itself to produce a mature MAS, but that subsequent processes are additionally required to strengthen intraskeletal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. Delgadillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Yu Shan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Sami Leon
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - James Palis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Richard E. Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Richard E. Waugh,
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7
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The RBC's road to ghost and removal: splenic clearance. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4422-4425. [PMID: 34570212 PMCID: PMC8579252 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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8
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Yang Q, Liu J, Wang Z. 4.1N-Mediated Interactions and Functions in Nerve System and Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:711302. [PMID: 34589518 PMCID: PMC8473747 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.711302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffolding protein 4.1N is a neuron-enriched 4.1 homologue. 4.1N contains three conserved domains, including the N-terminal 4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin (FERM) domain, internal spectrin–actin–binding (SAB) domain, and C-terminal domain (CTD). Interspersed between the three domains are nonconserved domains, including U1, U2, and U3. The role of 4.1N was first reported in the nerve system. Then, extensive studies reported the role of 4.1N in cancers and other diseases. 4.1N performs numerous vital functions in signaling transduction by interacting, locating, supporting, and coordinating different partners and is involved in the molecular pathogenesis of various diseases. In this review, recent studies on the interactions between 4.1N and its contactors (including the α7AChr, IP3R1, GluR1/4, GluK1/2/3, mGluR8, KCC2, D2/3Rs, CASK, NuMA, PIKE, IP6K2, CAM 1/3, βII spectrin, flotillin-1, pp1, and 14-3-3) and the 4.1N-related biological functions in the nerve system and cancers are specifically and comprehensively discussed. This review provides critical detailed mechanistic insights into the role of 4.1N in disease relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Medical Laboratory, Shao Yang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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9
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Mikdar M, González-Menéndez P, Cai X, Zhang Y, Serra M, Dembele AK, Boschat AC, Sanquer S, Chhuon C, Guerrera IC, Sitbon M, Hermine O, Colin Y, Le Van Kim C, Kinet S, Mohandas N, Xia Y, Peyrard T, Taylor N, Azouzi S. The equilibrative nucleoside transporter ENT1 is critical for nucleotide homeostasis and optimal erythropoiesis. Blood 2021; 137:3548-3562. [PMID: 33690842 PMCID: PMC8225918 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tight regulation of intracellular nucleotides is critical for the self-renewal and lineage specification of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Nucleosides are major metabolite precursors for nucleotide biosynthesis and their availability in HSCs is dependent on their transport through specific membrane transporters. However, the role of nucleoside transporters in the differentiation of HSCs to the erythroid lineage and in red cell biology remains to be fully defined. Here, we show that the absence of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1) in human red blood cells with a rare Augustine-null blood type is associated with macrocytosis, anisopoikilocytosis, an abnormal nucleotide metabolome, and deregulated protein phosphorylation. A specific role for ENT1 in human erythropoiesis was demonstrated by a defective erythropoiesis of human CD34+ progenitors following short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of ENT1. Furthermore, genetic deletion of ENT1 in mice was associated with reduced erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow, anemia, and macrocytosis. Mechanistically, we found that ENT1-mediated adenosine transport is critical for cyclic adenosine monophosphate homeostasis and the regulation of erythroid transcription factors. Notably, genetic investigation of 2 ENT1null individuals demonstrated a compensation by a loss-of-function variant in the ABCC4 cyclic nucleotide exporter. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of ABCC4 in Ent1-/- mice rescued erythropoiesis. Overall, our results highlight the importance of ENT1-mediated nucleotide metabolism in erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mikdar
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | - Pedro González-Menéndez
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Universite Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Xiaoli Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Yujin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Marion Serra
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | - Abdoul K Dembele
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | | | - Sylvia Sanquer
- INSERM UMR S1124, Université de Paris, Service de Biochimie Métabolomique et Protéomique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Cerina Chhuon
- Université de Paris, Proteomics Platform 3P5-Necker, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Université de Paris, Proteomics Platform 3P5-Necker, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Marc Sitbon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Universite Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UMR 8147, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Yves Colin
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | - Sandrina Kinet
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Universite Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Thierry Peyrard
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Universite Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Slim Azouzi
- Université de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1134, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins (CNRGS), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence (GR-Ex), Paris, France
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10
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Ugurel E, Kisakurek ZB, Aksu Y, Goksel E, Cilek N, Yalcin O. Calcium/protein kinase C signaling mechanisms in shear-induced mechanical responses of red blood cells. Microvasc Res 2021; 135:104124. [PMID: 33359148 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) deformability has vital importance for microcirculation in the body, as RBCs travel in narrow capillaries under shear stress. Deformability can be defined as a remarkable cell ability to change shape in response to an external force which allows the cell to pass through the narrowest blood capillaries. Previous studies showed that RBC deformability could be regulated by Ca2+/protein kinase C (PKC) signaling mechanisms due to the phosphorylative changes in RBC membrane proteins by kinases and phosphatases. We investigated the roles of Ca2+/PKC signaling pathway on RBC mechanical responses and impaired RBC deformability under continuous shear stress (SS). A protein kinase C inhibitor Chelerythrine, a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor Calpeptin, and a calcium channel blocker Verapamil were applied into human blood samples in 1 micromolar concentration. Samples with drugs were treated with or without 3 mM Ca2+. A shear stress at 5 Pa level was applied to each sample continuously for 300 s. RBC deformability was measured by a laser-assisted optical rotational cell analyzer (LORRCA) and was calculated as the change in elongation index (EI) of RBC upon a range of shear stress (SS, 0.3-50 Pa). RBC mechanical stress responses were evaluated before and after continuous SS through the parameterization of EI-SS curves. The drug administrations did not produce any significant alterations in RBC mechanical responses when they were applied alone. However, the application of the drugs together with Ca2+ substantially increased RBC deformability compared to calcium alone. Verapamil significantly improved Ca2+-induced impairments of deformability both before and after 5 Pa SS exposure (p < 0.0001). Calpeptin and Chelerythrine significantly ameliorated impaired deformability only after continuous SS (p < 0.05). Shear-induced improvements of deformability were conserved by the drug administrations although shear-induced deformability was impaired when the drugs were applied with calcium. The blocking of Ca2+ channel by Verapamil improved impaired RBC mechanical responses independent of the SS effect. The inhibition of tyrosine phosphatase and protein kinase C by Calpeptin and Chelerythrine, respectively, exhibited ameliorating effects on calcium-impaired deformability with the contribution of shear stress. The modulation of Ca2+/PKC signaling pathway could regulate the mechanical stress responses of RBCs when cells are under continuous SS exposure. Shear-induced improvements in the mechanical properties of RBCs by this signaling mechanism could facilitate RBC flow in the microcirculation of pathophysiological disorders, wherein Ca2+ homeostasis is disturbed and RBC deformability is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ugurel
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey; Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Yasemin Aksu
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evrim Goksel
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey; Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Cilek
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey; Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yalcin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey; Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey; School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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11
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Nigra AD, Casale CH, Santander VS. Human erythrocytes: cytoskeleton and its origin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1681-1694. [PMID: 31654099 PMCID: PMC11105037 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, erythrocytes have emerged as the main determinant of blood rheology. In mammals, these cells are devoid of nuclei and are, therefore, unable to divide. Consequently, all circulating erythrocytes come from erythropoiesis, a process in the bone marrow in which several modifications are induced in the expression of membrane and cytoskeletal proteins, and different vertical and horizontal interactions are established between them. Cytoskeleton components play an important role in this process, which explains why they and the interaction between them have been the focus of much recent research. Moreover, in mature erythrocytes, the cytoskeleton integrity is also essential, because the cytoskeleton confers remarkable deformability and stability on the erythrocytes, thus enabling them to undergo deformation in microcirculation. Defects in the cytoskeleton produce changes in erythrocyte deformability and stability, affecting cell viability and rheological properties. Such abnormalities are seen in different pathologies of special interest, such as different types of anemia, hypertension, and diabetes, among others. This review highlights the main findings in mammalian erythrocytes and their progenitors regarding the presence, conformation and function of the three main components of the cytoskeleton: actin, intermediate filaments, and tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén D Nigra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), UNC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cesar H Casale
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica S Santander
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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12
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Chen L, Wang T, Ji X, Ding C, Liang T, Liu X, Lu J, Guo X, Kang Q, Ji Z. Cytoskeleton protein 4.1R suppresses murine keratinocyte cell hyperproliferation via activating the Akt/ERK pathway in an EGFR-dependent manner. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Semenov AN, Shirshin EA, Muravyov AV, Priezzhev AV. The Effects of Different Signaling Pathways in Adenylyl Cyclase Stimulation on Red Blood Cells Deformability. Front Physiol 2019; 10:923. [PMID: 31474870 PMCID: PMC6702543 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways of red blood cells’ (RBCs) micromechanics regulation, which are responsible for maintaining microcirculation, constitute an important property of RBC physiology. Selective control over these processes may serve as an indispensable tool for correction of hemorheological disorders, which accompany a number of systemic diseases (diabetes mellitus I&II, arterial hypertension, malaria, etc.). Activation of certain pathways involving adenylyl cyclase may provide fast adaptive regulation of RBC deformability (RBC-D). However the specific molecular conditions of intracellular signal transduction in mediating RBC microrheological properties at adenylyl cyclase stimulation remain unclear. In this paper, we present the results of the in vitro study of the effects of different signaling pathways in adenylyl cyclase stimulation on RBC-D. We studied (1) the direct stimulation of adenylyl cyclase with forskolin; (2) non-selective adrenoreceptor stimulation with epinephrine; (3) β2-adrenoreceptor agonist metaproterenol; (4) membrane-permeable analog of cAMP (dibutyryl-cAMP). Using laser ektacytometry, we observed a concentration-dependent increase in RBC-D for all studied effectors. The EC50 values for each substance were estimated to be in the range of 1–100 μM depending on the shear stress applied to the RBC suspension. The results can serve as an evidence of adenylyl cyclase signaling cascade involvement in the regulation of RBC micromechanical properties presenting a complex molecular pathway for fast increase of microcirculation efficiency in case of corresponding physiologic metabolic demands of the organism, e.g., during stress or physical activity. Further studies of this molecular system will reveal new knowledge which may improve the quality of medical treatment of hemorheological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgeny A Shirshin
- Department of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,International Laser Center, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei V Muravyov
- Department of Medicine and Biology, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Alexander V Priezzhev
- Department of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,International Laser Center, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Fan D, Li J, Li Y, Guo Y, Zhang X, Wang W, Liu X, Liu J, Dai L, Zhang L, Kang Q, Ji Z. Protein 4.1R negatively regulates CD8 + T-cell activation by modulating phosphorylation of linker for activation of T cells. Immunology 2019; 157:312-321. [PMID: 31135971 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein 4.1R, an 80 000 MW membrane skeleton protein, is a vital component of the red blood cell membrane cytoskeleton that stabilizes the spectrin-actin network and regulates membrane properties of deformability and mechanical stability. It has been shown that 4.1R is expressed in T cells, including CD8+ T cells, but its role in CD8+ T cells remains unclear. Here, we have explored the role of 4.1R in CD8+ T cells using 4.1R-/- mice. Our results showed that cell activation, proliferation and secretion levels of interleukin-2 and interferon-γ were significantly increased in 4.1R-/- CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of linker for activation of T cells (LAT) and its downstream signaling molecule extracellular signal-regulated kinase were enhanced in the absence of 4.1R. In vitro co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed a direct interaction between 4.1R and LAT. Moreover, 4.1R-/- CD8+ T cells and mice exhibited an enhanced T-cell-dependent immune response. These data enabled the identification of a negative regulation function for 4.1R in CD8+ T cells by a direct association between 4.1R and LAT, possibly through inhibiting phosphorylation of LAT and then modulating intracellular signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Fan
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Department of Pathology, Xuchang Central Hospital Affiliated To Henan University of Science and Technology, Xuchang, China
| | - Yi Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Pathogen Biology, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Dai
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Taylor J, Bebawy M. Proteins Regulating Microvesicle Biogenesis and Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800165. [PMID: 30520565 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MV) are emerging as important mediators of intercellular communication. While MVs are important signaling vectors for many physiological processes, they are also implicated in cancer pathology and progression. Cellular activation is perhaps the most widely reported initiator of MV biogenesis, however, the precise mechanism remains undefined. Uncovering the proteins involved in regulating MV biogenesis is of interest given their role in the dissemination of deleterious cancer traits. MVs shed from drug-resistant cancer cells transfer multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins to drug-sensitive cells and confer the MDR phenotype in a matter of hours. MDR is attributed to the overexpression of ABC transporters, primarily P-glycoprotein and MRP1. Their expression and functionality is dependent on a number of proteins. In particular, FERM domain proteins have been implicated in supporting the functionality of efflux transporters in drug-resistant cells and in recipient cells during intercellular transfer by vesicles. Herein, the most recent research on the proteins involved in MV biogenesis and in the dissemination of MV-mediated MDR are discussed. Attention is drawn to unanswered questions in the literature that may prove to be of benefit in ongoing efforts to improve clinical response to chemotherapy and circumventing MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Taylor
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Moura PL, Hawley BR, Mankelow TJ, Griffiths RE, Dobbe JGG, Streekstra GJ, Anstee DJ, Satchwell TJ, Toye AM. Non-muscle myosin II drives vesicle loss during human reticulocyte maturation. Haematologica 2018; 103:1997-2007. [PMID: 30076174 PMCID: PMC6269291 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.199083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of maturation of reticulocytes into fully mature erythrocytes that occurs in the circulation is known to be characterized by a complex interplay between loss of cell surface area and volume, removal of remnant cell organelles and redundant proteins, and highly selective membrane and cytoskeletal remodeling. However, the mechanisms that underlie and drive these maturational processes in vivo are currently poorly understood and, at present, reticulocytes derived through in vitro culture fail to undergo the final transition to erythrocytes. Here, we used high-throughput proteomic methods to highlight differences between erythrocytes, cultured reticulocytes and endogenous reticulocytes. We identify a cytoskeletal protein, non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) whose abundance and phosphorylation status differs between reticulocytes and erythrocytes and localized it in the proximity of autophagosomal vesicles. An ex vivo circulation system was developed to simulate the mechanical shear component of circulation and demonstrated that mechanical stimulus is necessary, but insufficient for reticulocyte maturation. Using this system in concurrence with non-muscle myosin II inhibition, we demonstrate the involvement of non-muscle myosin IIA in reticulocyte remodeling and propose a previously undescribed mechanism of shear stress-responsive vesicle clearance that is crucial for reticulocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tosti J Mankelow
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca E Griffiths
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, UK.,UQ-StemCARE, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Johannes G G Dobbe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geert J Streekstra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David J Anstee
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Timothy J Satchwell
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, UK .,Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley M Toye
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, UK .,Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, UK
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17
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Sarkar S, Bose D, Giri RP, Mukhopadhyay MK, Chakrabarti A. Status of Membrane Asymmetry in Erythrocytes: Role of Spectrin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1112:3-11. [PMID: 30637686 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spectrin-based proteinaceous membrane skeletal network has been found to be implicated in membrane disorders like hereditary spherocytosis (HS). HS greatly affects eryptosis via loss of membrane asymmetry which is seen to be the case in haemoglobin disorders like thalassemia and sickle cell disease as well. The biological implications of the status of membrane asymmetry are strongly correlated to spectrin interactions with aminophospholipids, e.g. PE and PS. Fluorescence and X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements of spectrin interactions with small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) and cushioned bilayers of phospholipids, respectively, were studied. Both the XRR and fluorescence measurements led to the characterization of spectrin orientation on the surface of lipid bilayer of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PC/aminophospholipid mixed membrane systems showing formation of a uniform layer of spectrin on top of the mixed phospholipid bilayer. Fluorescence studies show that spectrin interacts with PC and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)/phosphatidylserine (PS) membranes with binding dissociation constants (Kd) in the nanomolar range indicating the role of spectrin in the maintenance of the overall membrane asymmetry of erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauvik Sarkar
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipayan Bose
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajendra P Giri
- Surface Physics & Material Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
| | - Mrinmay K Mukhopadhyay
- Surface Physics & Material Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhijit Chakrabarti
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India.
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18
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Hsu K, Kuo MS, Yao CC, Cheng HC, Lin HJ, Chan YS, Lin M. The MNS glycophorin variant GP.Mur affects differential erythroid expression of Rh/RhAG transcripts. Vox Sang 2017; 112:671-677. [PMID: 28836328 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The band 3 macrocomplex (also known as the ankyrin-associated complex) on the red cell membrane comprises two interacting subcomplexes: a band 3/glycophorin A subcomplex, and a Rh/RhAG subcomplex. Glycophorin B (GPB) is a component of the Rh/RhAG subcomplex that is also structurally associated with glycophorin A (GPA). Expression of glycophorin B-A-B hybrid GP.Mur enhances band 3 expression and is associated with lower levels of Rh-associated glycoprotein (RhAG) and Rh polypeptides. The goal of this study was to determine whether GP.Mur influenced erythroid Rh/RhAG expression at the transcript level. MATERIALS AND METHODS GP.Mur was serologically determined in healthy participants from Taitung County, Taiwan. RNA was extracted from the reticulocyte-enriched fraction of peripheral blood, followed by reverse transcription and quantitative PCR for RhAG, RhD and RhCcEe. RESULTS Quantification by real-time PCR revealed significantly fewer RhAG and RhCcEe transcripts in the reticulocytes from subjects with homozygous GYP*Mur. Independent from GYP.Mur, both RhAG and RhD transcript levels were threefold or higher than that of RhCcEe. Also, in GYP.Mur and the control samples alike, direct quantitative associations were observed between the transcript levels of RhAG and RhD, but not between that of RhAG and RhCcEe. CONCLUSION Erythroid RhD and RhCcEe were differentially expressed at the transcript levels, which could be related to their different degrees of interaction or sensitivity to RhAG. Further, the reduction or absence of glycophorin B in GYP.Mur erythroid cells affected transcript expressions of RhAG and RhCcEe. Thus, GPB and GP.Mur differentially influenced Rh/RhAG expressions prior to protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hsu
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - M-S Kuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - C-C Yao
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - H-C Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - H-J Lin
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Y-S Chan
- Mackay Memorial Hospital Blood Bank, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Lin
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
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19
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Bergström JJE, Xu H, Heyman B. Epitope-Specific Suppression of IgG Responses by Passively Administered Specific IgG: Evidence of Epitope Masking. Front Immunol 2017; 8:238. [PMID: 28321225 PMCID: PMC5337509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific IgG, passively administered together with particulate antigen, can completely prevent induction of antibody responses to this antigen. The ability of IgG to suppress antibody responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) is intact in mice lacking FcγRs, complement factor 1q, C3, or complement receptors 1 and 2, suggesting that Fc-dependent effector functions are not involved. Two of the most widely discussed explanations for the suppressive effect are increased clearance of IgG–antigen complexes and/or that IgG “hides” the antigen from recognition by specific B cells, so-called epitope masking. The majority of data on how IgG induces suppression was obtained through studies of the effects on IgM-secreting single spleen cells during the first week after immunization. Here, we show that IgG also suppresses antigen-specific extrafollicular antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B-cells, long-lived plasma cells, long-term IgG responses, and induction of memory antibody responses. IgG anti-SRBC reduced the amount of SRBC in the spleens of wild-type, but not of FcγR-deficient mice. However, no correlation between suppression and the amount of SRBC in the spleen was observed, suggesting that increased clearance does not explain IgG-mediated suppression. Instead, we found compelling evidence for epitope masking because IgG anti-NP administered with NP-SRBC suppressed the IgG anti-NP, but not the IgG anti-SRBC response. Vice versa, IgG anti-SRBC administered with NP-SRBC, suppressed only the IgG anti-SRBC response. In conclusion, passively transferred IgG suppressed all measured parameters of an antigen-specific antibody/B cell response and an important mechanism of action is likely to be epitope masking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim J E Bergström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Birgitta Heyman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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20
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SO4 = uptake and catalase role in preconditioning after H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes. Pflugers Arch 2016; 469:235-250. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Chakrabarti A, Halder S, Karmakar S. Erythrocyte and platelet proteomics in hematological disorders. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:403-14. [PMID: 26611378 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes undergo ineffective erythropoesis, hemolysis, and premature eryptosis in sickle cell disease and thalassemia. Abnormal hemoglobin variants associated with hemoglobinopathy lead to vesiculation, membrane instability, and loss of membrane asymmetry with exposal of phosphatidylserine. This potentiates thrombin generation resulting in activation of the coagulation cascade responsible for subclinical phenotypes. Platelet activation also results in the release of microparticles, which express and transfer functional receptors from platelet membrane, playing key roles in vascular reactivity and activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Over the last decade, proteomics had proven to be an important field of research in studies of blood and blood diseases. Blood cells and its fluidic components have been proven to be easy systems for studying differential expressions of proteins in hematological diseases encompassing hemoglobinopathies, different types of anemias, myeloproliferative disorders, and coagulopathies. Proteomic studies of erythrocytes and platelets reported from several groups have highlighted various factors that intersect the signaling networks in these anucleate systems. In this review, we have elaborated on the current scenario of anucleate blood cell proteomes in normal and diseased individuals and the cross-talk between the two major constituent cell types of circulating blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Chakrabarti
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Suchismita Halder
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Shilpita Karmakar
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
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22
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Band 3 Erythrocyte Membrane Protein Acts as Redox Stress Sensor Leading to Its Phosphorylation by p (72) Syk. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6051093. [PMID: 27034738 PMCID: PMC4806680 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In erythrocytes, the regulation of the redox sensitive Tyr phosphorylation of band 3 and its functions are still partially defined. A role of band 3 oxidation in regulating its own phosphorylation has been previously suggested. The current study provides evidences to support this hypothesis: (i) in intact erythrocytes, at 2 mM concentration of GSH, band 3 oxidation, and phosphorylation, Syk translocation to the membrane and Syk phosphorylation responded to the same micromolar concentrations of oxidants showing identical temporal variations; (ii) the Cys residues located in the band 3 cytoplasmic domain are 20-fold more reactive than GSH; (iii) disulfide linked band 3 cytoplasmic domain docks Syk kinase; (iv) protein Tyr phosphatases are poorly inhibited at oxidant concentrations leading to massive band 3 oxidation and phosphorylation. We also observed that hemichromes binding to band 3 determined its irreversible oxidation and phosphorylation, progressive hemolysis, and serine hyperphosphorylation of different cytoskeleton proteins. Syk inhibitor suppressed the phosphorylation of band 3 also preventing serine phosphorylation changes and hemolysis. Our data suggest that band 3 acts as redox sensor regulating its own phosphorylation and that hemichromes leading to the protracted phosphorylation of band 3 may trigger a cascade of events finally leading to hemolysis.
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23
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Azouzi S, Collec E, Mohandas N, An X, Colin Y, Le Van Kim C. The human Kell blood group binds the erythroid 4.1R protein: new insights into the 4.1R-dependent red cell membrane complex. Br J Haematol 2015; 171:862-71. [PMID: 26455906 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein 4.1R plays an important role in maintaining the mechanical properties of the erythrocyte membrane. We analysed the expression of Kell blood group protein in erythrocytes from a patient with hereditary elliptocytosis associated with complete 4.1R deficiency (4.1(-) HE). Flow cytometry and Western blot analyses revealed a severe reduction of Kell. In vitro pull down and co-immunoprecipitation experiments from erythrocyte membranes showed a direct interaction between Kell and 4.1R. Using different recombinant domains of 4.1R and the cytoplasmic domain of Kell, we demonstrated that the R(46) R motif in the juxta-membrane region of Kell binds to lobe B of the 4.1R FERM domain. We also observed that 4.1R deficiency is associated with a reduction of XK and DARC (also termed ACKR1) proteins, the absence of the glycosylated form of the urea transporter B and a slight decrease of band 3. The functional alteration of the 4.1(-) HE erythrocyte membranes was also determined by measuring various transport activities. We documented a slower rate of HCO3 (-) /Cl(-) exchange, but normal water and ammonia transport across erythrocyte membrane in the absence of 4.1. These findings provide novel insights into the structural organization of blood group antigen proteins into the 4.1R complex of the human red cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Azouzi
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR_S1134, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmanuel Collec
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR_S1134, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Xiuli An
- New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yves Colin
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR_S1134, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Inserm, UMR_S1134, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, New York, NY, USA
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Bazzini C, Benedetti L, Civello D, Zanoni C, Rossetti V, Marchesi D, Garavaglia ML, Paulmichl M, Francolini M, Meyer G, Rodighiero S. ICln: a new regulator of non-erythroid 4.1R localisation and function. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108826. [PMID: 25295618 PMCID: PMC4189953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To optimise the efficiency of cell machinery, cells can use the same protein (often called a hub protein) to participate in different cell functions by simply changing its target molecules. There are large data sets describing protein-protein interactions (“interactome”) but they frequently fail to consider the functional significance of the interactions themselves. We studied the interaction between two potential hub proteins, ICln and 4.1R (in the form of its two splicing variants 4.1R80 and 4.1R135), which are involved in such crucial cell functions as proliferation, RNA processing, cytoskeleton organisation and volume regulation. The sub-cellular localisation and role of native and chimeric 4.1R over-expressed proteins in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells were examined. ICln interacts with both 4.1R80 and 4.1R135 and its over-expression displaces 4.1R from the membrane regions, thus affecting 4.1R interaction with ß-actin. It was found that 4.1R80 and 4.1R135 are differently involved in regulating the swelling activated anion current (ICl,swell) upon hypotonic shock, a condition under which both isoforms are dislocated from the membrane region and thus contribute to ICl,swell current regulation. Both 4.1R isoforms are also differently involved in regulating cell morphology, and ICln counteracts their effects. The findings of this study confirm that 4.1R plays a role in cell volume regulation and cell morphology and indicate that ICln is a new negative regulator of 4.1R functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bazzini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorena Benedetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Filarete for Biosciences and Innovation, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Civello
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Zanoni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department (DISFARM), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Davide Marchesi
- Fondazione Filarete for Biosciences and Innovation, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Markus Paulmichl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maura Francolini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Filarete for Biosciences and Innovation, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliano Meyer
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Rodighiero
- Fondazione Filarete for Biosciences and Innovation, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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25
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Yu H, Stowell SR, Bernardo L, Hendrickson JE, Zimring JC, Amash A, Uchikawa M, Lazarus AH. Antibody-mediated immune suppression of erythrocyte alloimmunization can occur independently from red cell clearance or epitope masking in a murine model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2902-10. [PMID: 25122924 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-D can prevent immunization to the RhD Ag on RBCs, a phenomenon commonly termed Ab-mediated immune suppression (AMIS). The most accepted theory to explain this effect has been the rapid clearance of RBCs. In mouse models using SRBC, these xenogeneic cells are always rapidly cleared even without Ab, and involvement of epitope masking of the SRBC Ags by the AMIS-inducing Ab (anti-SRBC) has been suggested. To address these hypotheses, we immunized mice with murine transgenic RBCs expressing the HOD Ag (hen egg lysozyme [HEL], in sequence with ovalbumin, and the human Duffy transmembrane protein) in the presence of polyclonal Abs or mAbs to the HOD molecule. The isotype, specificity, and ability to induce AMIS of these Abs were compared with accelerated clearance as well as steric hindrance of the HOD Ag. Mice made IgM and IgG reactive with the HEL portion of the molecule only. All six of the mAbs could inhibit the response. The HEL-specific Abs (4B7, IgG1; GD7, IgG2b; 2F4, IgG1) did not accelerate clearance of the HOD-RBCs and displayed partial epitope masking. The Duffy-specific Abs (MIMA 29, IgG2a; CBC-512, IgG1; K6, IgG1) all caused rapid clearance of HOD RBCs without steric hindrance. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of AMIS to erythrocytes in an all-murine model and shows that AMIS can occur in the absence of RBC clearance or epitope masking. The AMIS effect was also independent of IgG isotype and epitope specificity of the AMIS-inducing Ab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Yu
- The Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 4J5, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Lidice Bernardo
- The Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 4J5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | | | - James C Zimring
- Puget Sound Blood Center Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102
| | - Alaa Amash
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Makoto Uchikawa
- Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Japanese Red Cross, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan 135-8639
| | - Alan H Lazarus
- The Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 4J5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
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26
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Spectrin and phospholipids - the current picture of their fascinating interplay. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2014; 19:158-79. [PMID: 24569979 PMCID: PMC6276000 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-014-0185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectrin-based membrane skeleton is crucial for the mechanical stability and resilience of erythrocytes. It mainly contributes to membrane integrity, protein organization and trafficking. Two transmembrane protein macro-complexes that are linked together by spectrin tetramers play a crucial role in attaching the membrane skeleton to the cell membrane, but they are not exclusive. Considerable experimental data have shown that direct interactions between spectrin and membrane lipids are important for cell membrane cohesion. Spectrin is a multidomain, multifunctional protein with several distinctive structural regions, including lipid-binding sites within CH tandem domains, a PH domain, and triple helical segments, which are excellent examples of ligand specificity hidden in a regular repetitive structure, as recently shown for the ankyrin-sensitive lipid-binding domain of beta spectrin. In this review, we summarize the state of knowledge about interactions between spectrin and membrane lipids.
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Baines AJ, Lu HC, Bennett PM. The Protein 4.1 family: hub proteins in animals for organizing membrane proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1838:605-19. [PMID: 23747363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteins of the 4.1 family are characteristic of eumetazoan organisms. Invertebrates contain single 4.1 genes and the Drosophila model suggests that 4.1 is essential for animal life. Vertebrates have four paralogues, known as 4.1R, 4.1N, 4.1G and 4.1B, which are additionally duplicated in the ray-finned fish. Protein 4.1R was the first to be discovered: it is a major mammalian erythrocyte cytoskeletal protein, essential to the mechanochemical properties of red cell membranes because it promotes the interaction between spectrin and actin in the membrane cytoskeleton. 4.1R also binds certain phospholipids and is required for the stable cell surface accumulation of a number of erythrocyte transmembrane proteins that span multiple functional classes; these include cell adhesion molecules, transporters and a chemokine receptor. The vertebrate 4.1 proteins are expressed in most tissues, and they are required for the correct cell surface accumulation of a very wide variety of membrane proteins including G-Protein coupled receptors, voltage-gated and ligand-gated channels, as well as the classes identified in erythrocytes. Indeed, such large numbers of protein interactions have been mapped for mammalian 4.1 proteins, most especially 4.1R, that it appears that they can act as hubs for membrane protein organization. The range of critical interactions of 4.1 proteins is reflected in disease relationships that include hereditary anaemias, tumour suppression, control of heartbeat and nervous system function. The 4.1 proteins are defined by their domain structure: apart from the spectrin/actin-binding domain they have FERM and FERM-adjacent domains and a unique C-terminal domain. Both the FERM and C-terminal domains can bind transmembrane proteins, thus they have the potential to be cross-linkers for membrane proteins. The activity of the FERM domain is subject to multiple modes of regulation via binding of regulatory ligands, phosphorylation of the FERM associated domain and differential mRNA splicing. Finally, the spectrum of interactions of the 4.1 proteins overlaps with that of another membrane-cytoskeleton linker, ankyrin. Both ankyrin and 4.1 link to the actin cytoskeleton via spectrin, and we hypothesize that differential regulation of 4.1 proteins and ankyrins allows highly selective control of cell surface protein accumulation and, hence, function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui-Chun Lu
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, UK
| | - Pauline M Bennett
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, UK.
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A deep intronic mutation in the ankyrin-1 gene causes diminished protein expression resulting in hemolytic anemia in mice. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2013; 3:1687-95. [PMID: 23934996 PMCID: PMC3789793 DOI: 10.1534/g3.113.007013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Linkage between transmembrane proteins and the spectrin-based cytoskeleton is necessary for membrane elasticity of red blood cells. Mutations of the proteins that mediate this linkage result in various types of hemolytic anemia. Here we report a novel N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mutation of ankyrin-1, named hema6, which causes hereditary spherocytosis in mice through a mild reduction of protein expression. The causal mutation was traced to a single nucleotide transition located deep into intron 13 of gene Ank1. In vitro minigene splicing assay revealed two abnormally spliced transcripts containing cryptic exons from fragments of Ank1 intron 13. The inclusion of cryptic exons introduced a premature termination codon, which leads to nonsense-mediated decay of the mutant transcripts in vivo. Hence, in homozygous mice, only wild-type ankyrin-1 is expressed, albeit at 70% of the level in wild-type mice. Heterozygotes display a similar hereditary spherocytosis phenotype stemming from intermediate protein expression level, indicating the haploinsufficiency of the mutation. Weakened linkage between integral transmembrane protein, band 3, and underlying cytoskeleton was observed in mutant mice as the result of reduced high-affinity binding sites provided by ankyrin-1. Hema6 is the only known mouse mutant of Ank1 allelic series that expresses full-length canonical ankyrin-1 at a reduced level, a fact that makes it particularly useful to study the functional impact of ankyrin-1 quantitative deficiency.
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29
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Bogdanova A, Makhro A, Wang J, Lipp P, Kaestner L. Calcium in red blood cells-a perilous balance. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9848-72. [PMID: 23698771 PMCID: PMC3676817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ is a universal signalling molecule involved in regulating cell cycle and fate, metabolism and structural integrity, motility and volume. Like other cells, red blood cells (RBCs) rely on Ca2+ dependent signalling during differentiation from precursor cells. Intracellular Ca2+ levels in the circulating human RBCs take part not only in controlling biophysical properties such as membrane composition, volume and rheological properties, but also physiological parameters such as metabolic activity, redox state and cell clearance. Extremely low basal permeability of the human RBC membrane to Ca2+ and a powerful Ca2+ pump maintains intracellular free Ca2+ levels between 30 and 60 nM, whereas blood plasma Ca2+ is approximately 1.8 mM. Thus, activation of Ca2+ uptake has an impressive impact on multiple processes in the cells rendering Ca2+ a master regulator in RBCs. Malfunction of Ca2+ transporters in human RBCs leads to excessive accumulation of Ca2+ within the cells. This is associated with a number of pathological states including sickle cell disease, thalassemia, phosphofructokinase deficiency and other forms of hereditary anaemia. Continuous progress in unravelling the molecular nature of Ca2+ transport pathways allows harnessing Ca2+ uptake, avoiding premature RBC clearance and thrombotic complications. This review summarizes our current knowledge of Ca2+ signalling in RBCs emphasizing the importance of this inorganic cation in RBC function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bogdanova
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and the Zürich, Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland; E-Mails: (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Asya Makhro
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and the Zürich, Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland; E-Mails: (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Research Centre for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany; E-Mails: (J.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Peter Lipp
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Research Centre for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany; E-Mails: (J.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Research Centre for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany; E-Mails: (J.W.); (P.L.)
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30
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Picas L, Rico F, Deforet M, Scheuring S. Structural and mechanical heterogeneity of the erythrocyte membrane reveals hallmarks of membrane stability. ACS NANO 2013; 7:1054-63. [PMID: 23347043 DOI: 10.1021/nn303824j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The erythrocyte membrane, a metabolically regulated active structure that comprises lipid molecules, junctional complexes, and the spectrin network, enables the cell to undergo large passive deformations when passing through the microvascular system. Here we use atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and quantitative mechanical mapping at nanometer resolution to correlate structure and mechanics of key components of the erythrocyte membrane, crucial for cell integrity and function. Our data reveal structural and mechanical heterogeneity modulated by the metabolic state at unprecedented nanometer resolution. ATP-depletion, reducing skeletal junction phosphorylation in RBC cells, leads to membrane stiffening. Analysis of ghosts and shear-force opened erythrocytes show that, in the absence of cytosolic kinases, spectrin phosphorylation results in membrane stiffening at the extracellular face and a reduced junction remodeling in response to loading forces. Topography and mechanical mapping of single components at the cytoplasmic face reveal that, surprisingly, spectrin phosphorylation by ATP softens individual filaments. Our findings suggest that, besides the mechanical signature of each component, the RBC membrane mechanics is regulated by the metabolic state and the assembly of its structural elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Picas
- U1006 INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille F-13009, France
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31
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Terada N, Saitoh Y, Ohno N, Komada M, Yamauchi J, Ohno S. Involvement of Src in the membrane skeletal complex, MPP6-4.1G, in Schmidt-Lanterman incisures of mouse myelinated nerve fibers in PNS. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 140:213-22. [PMID: 23306908 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-1073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Schmidt-Lanterman incisures (SLIs) are a specific feature of myelinated nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In this study, we report localization of a signal transduction protein, Src, in the SLIs of mouse sciatic nerves, and its phosphorylation states in Y527 and Y418 (P527 and P418, respectively) under normal conditions or deletion of a membrane skeletal protein, 4.1G. In adult mouse sciatic nerves, Src was immunolocalized in SLIs as a cone-shape, as well as in paranodes and some areas of structures reminiscent of Cajal bands. By immunostaining in normal nerves, P527-Src was strongly detected in SLIs, whereas P418-Src was much weaker. Developmentally, P418-Src was detected in SLIs of early postnatal mouse sciatic nerves. The staining patterns for P527 and P418 in normal adult nerve fibers were opposite to those in primary culture Schwann cells and a Schwannoma cell line, RT4-D6P2T. In 4.1G-deficient nerve fibers, which had neither 4.1G nor the membrane protein palmitoylated 6 (MPP6) in SLIs, the P418-Src immunoreactivity in SLIs was clearly detected at a stronger level than that in the wild type. An immunoprecipitation study revealed Src interaction with MPP6. These findings indicate that the Src-MPP6-4.1G protein complex in SLIs has a role in signal transduction in the PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Terada
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto City, Nagano, Japan.
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Soderblom EJ, Thompson JW, Schwartz EA, Chiou E, Dubois LG, Moseley MA, Zennadi R. Proteomic analysis of ERK1/2-mediated human sickle red blood cell membrane protein phosphorylation. Clin Proteomics 2013; 10:1. [PMID: 23286773 PMCID: PMC3558407 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND In sickle cell disease (SCD), the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ERK1/2 is constitutively active and can be inducible by agonist-stimulation only in sickle but not in normal human red blood cells (RBCs). ERK1/2 is involved in activation of ICAM-4-mediated sickle RBC adhesion to the endothelium. However, other effects of the ERK1/2 activation in sickle RBCs leading to the complex SCD pathophysiology, such as alteration of RBC hemorheology are unknown. RESULTS To further characterize global ERK1/2-induced changes in membrane protein phosphorylation within human RBCs, a label-free quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis was applied to sickle and normal RBC membrane ghosts pre-treated with U0126, a specific inhibitor of MEK1/2, the upstream kinase of ERK1/2, in the presence or absence of recombinant active ERK2. Across eight unique treatment groups, 375 phosphopeptides from 155 phosphoproteins were quantified with an average technical coefficient of variation in peak intensity of 19.8%. Sickle RBC treatment with U0126 decreased thirty-six phosphopeptides from twenty-one phosphoproteins involved in regulation of not only RBC shape, flexibility, cell morphology maintenance and adhesion, but also glucose and glutamate transport, cAMP production, degradation of misfolded proteins and receptor ubiquitination. Glycophorin A was the most affected protein in sickle RBCs by this ERK1/2 pathway, which contained 12 unique phosphorylated peptides, suggesting that in addition to its effect on sickle RBC adhesion, increased glycophorin A phosphorylation via the ERK1/2 pathway may also affect glycophorin A interactions with band 3, which could result in decreases in both anion transport by band 3 and band 3 trafficking. The abundance of twelve of the thirty-six phosphopeptides were subsequently increased in normal RBCs co-incubated with recombinant ERK2 and therefore represent specific MEK1/2 phospho-inhibitory targets mediated via ERK2. CONCLUSIONS These findings expand upon the current model for the involvement of ERK1/2 signaling in RBCs. These findings also identify additional protein targets of this pathway other than the RBC adhesion molecule ICAM-4 and enhance the understanding of the mechanism of small molecule inhibitors of MEK/1/2/ERK1/2, which could be effective in ameliorating RBC hemorheology and adhesion, the hallmarks of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Soderblom
- Division of Hematology and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Dinkla S, Wessels K, Verdurmen WPR, Tomelleri C, Cluitmans JCA, Fransen J, Fuchs B, Schiller J, Joosten I, Brock R, Bosman GJCGM. Functional consequences of sphingomyelinase-induced changes in erythrocyte membrane structure. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e410. [PMID: 23076218 PMCID: PMC3481131 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation enhances the secretion of sphingomyelinases (SMases). SMases catalyze the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin into phosphocholine and ceramide. In erythrocytes, ceramide formation leads to exposure of the removal signal phosphatidylserine (PS), creating a potential link between SMase activity and anemia of inflammation. Therefore, we studied the effects of SMase on various pathophysiologically relevant parameters of erythrocyte homeostasis. Time-lapse confocal microscopy revealed a SMase-induced transition from the discoid to a spherical shape, followed by PS exposure, and finally loss of cytoplasmic content. Also, SMase treatment resulted in ceramide-associated alterations in membrane–cytoskeleton interactions and membrane organization, including microdomain formation. Furthermore, we observed increases in membrane fragility, vesiculation and invagination, and large protein clusters. These changes were associated with enhanced erythrocyte retention in a spleen-mimicking model. Erythrocyte storage under blood bank conditions and during physiological aging increased the sensitivity to SMase. A low SMase activity already induced morphological and structural changes, demonstrating the potential of SMase to disturb erythrocyte homeostasis. Our analyses provide a comprehensive picture in which ceramide-induced changes in membrane microdomain organization disrupt the membrane–cytoskeleton interaction and membrane integrity, leading to vesiculation, reduced deformability, and finally loss of erythrocyte content. Understanding these processes is highly relevant for understanding anemia during chronic inflammation, especially in critically ill patients receiving blood transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dinkla
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Mankelow TJ, Satchwell TJ, Burton NM. Refined views of multi-protein complexes in the erythrocyte membrane. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2012; 49:1-10. [PMID: 22465511 PMCID: PMC4443426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The erythrocyte membrane has been extensively studied, both as a model membrane system and to investigate its role in gas exchange and transport. Much is now known about the protein components of the membrane, how they are organised into large multi-protein complexes and how they interact with each other within these complexes. Many links between the membrane and the cytoskeleton have also been delineated and have been demonstrated to be crucial for maintaining the deformability and integrity of the erythrocyte. In this study we have refined previous, highly speculative molecular models of these complexes by including the available data pertaining to known protein-protein interactions. While the refined models remain highly speculative, they provide an evolving framework for visualisation of these important cellular structures at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Mankelow
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, N.H.S. Blood & Transplant, UK
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35
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Prohaska R, Sibon OC, Rudnicki DD, Danek A, Hayflick SJ, Verhaag EM, Jan J V, Margolis RL, Walker RH. Brain, blood, and iron: perspectives on the roles of erythrocytes and iron in neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 46:607-24. [PMID: 22426390 PMCID: PMC3352961 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The terms "neuroacanthocytosis" (NA) and "neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation" (NBIA) both refer to groups of genetically heterogeneous disorders, classified together due to similarities of their phenotypic or pathological findings. Even collectively, the disorders that comprise these sets are exceedingly rare and challenging to study. The NBIA disorders are defined by their appearance on brain magnetic resonance imaging, with iron deposition in the basal ganglia. Clinical features vary, but most include a movement disorder. New causative genes are being rapidly identified; however, the mechanisms by which mutations cause iron accumulation and neurodegeneration are not well understood. NA syndromes are also characterized by a progressive movement disorder, accompanied by cognitive and psychiatric features, resulting from mutations in a number of genes whose roles are also basically unknown. An overlapping feature of the two groups, NBIA and NA, is the occurrence of acanthocytes, spiky red cells with a poorly-understood membrane dysfunction. In this review we summarise recent developments in this field, specifically insights into cellular mechanisms and from animal models. Cell membrane research may shed light upon the significance of the erythrocyte abnormality, and upon possible connections between the two sets of disorders. Shared pathophysiologic mechanisms may lead to progress in the understanding of other types of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Prohaska
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ody C.M. Sibon
- Section of Radiation & Stress Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dobrila D. Rudnicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Genetic Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adrian Danek
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Susan J. Hayflick
- Departments of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Pediatrics and Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR USA
| | - Esther M. Verhaag
- Section of Radiation & Stress Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vonk Jan J
- Section of Radiation & Stress Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Russell L. Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Genetic Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruth H. Walker
- Departments of Neurology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
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Erythrocyte membrane changes of chorea-acanthocytosis are the result of altered Lyn kinase activity. Blood 2011; 118:5652-63. [PMID: 21951684 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-05-355339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthocytic RBCs are a peculiar diagnostic feature of chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc), a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder. Although recent years have witnessed some progress in the molecular characterization of ChAc, the mechanism(s) responsible for generation of acanthocytes in ChAc is largely unknown. As the membrane protein composition of ChAc RBCs is similar to that of normal RBCs, we evaluated the tyrosine (Tyr)-phosphorylation profile of RBCs using comparative proteomics. Increased Tyr phosphorylation state of several membrane proteins, including band 3, β-spectrin, and adducin, was noted in ChAc RBCs. In particular, band 3 was highly phosphorylated on the Tyr-904 residue, a functional target of Lyn, but not on Tyr-8, a functional target of Syk. In ChAc RBCs, band 3 Tyr phosphorylation by Lyn was independent of the canonical Syk-mediated pathway. The ChAc-associated alterations in RBC membrane protein organization appear to be the result of increased Tyr phosphorylation leading to altered linkage of band 3 to the junctional complexes involved in anchoring the membrane to the cytoskeleton as supported by coimmunoprecipitation of β-adducin with band 3 only in ChAc RBC-membrane treated with the Lyn-inhibitor PP2. We propose this altered association between membrane skeleton and membrane proteins as novel mechanism in the generation of acanthocytes in ChAc.
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