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Salazar-Chaparro A, Kragness K, Feleciano D, Trader DJ. AM404 Analogs as Activators of the 20S Isoform of the Human Proteasome. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400284. [PMID: 38609329 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The proteasome is a multisubunit protease system responsible for the majority of the protein turnover in eukaryotic organisms. Dysregulation of this enzymatic complex leads to protein accumulation, subsequent aggregation, and ultimately diseased states; for that reason, positive modulation of its activity has been recently investigated as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative and age-related diseases. The small molecule AM404 was recently identified as an activator of the 20S isoform of the proteasome and further exploration of the scaffold revealed the importance of the polyunsaturated fatty acid chain to elicit activity. Herein, we report the investigation of the aromatic region of the scaffold and the evaluation of the small molecules in a variety of proteasome activity and protein degradation assays. We found that derivatives A22 and A23, compared to AM404, exhibit enhanced proteasome activity in biochemical and cellular proteasome assays and more favorable cellular viability profiles. Additionally, these compounds demonstrate the ability to degrade intrinsically disordered proteins, regardless of their molecular weight, and the ability to restore the proteasome activity in the presence of toxic oligomeric α-Syn species in a biochemical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Salazar-Chaparro
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
| | - Kate Kragness
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California - Irvine, 856 Health Sciences Way, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States
| | | | - Darci J Trader
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California - Irvine, 856 Health Sciences Way, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States
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Monsalvo-Maraver LA, Ovalle-Noguez EA, Nava-Osorio J, Maya-López M, Rangel-López E, Túnez I, Tinkov AA, Tizabi Y, Aschner M, Santamaría A. Interactions Between the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System, Nrf2, and the Cannabinoidome as Protective Strategies to Combat Neurodegeneration: Review on Experimental Evidence. Neurotox Res 2024; 42:18. [PMID: 38393521 PMCID: PMC10891226 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-024-00694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are chronic brain diseases that affect humans worldwide. Although many different factors are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders, alterations in several key elements such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, and the endocannabinoid system (ECS or endocannabinoidome) have been implicated in their etiology. Impairment of these elements has been linked to the origin and progression of neurodegenerative disorders, while their potentiation is thought to promote neuronal survival and overall neuroprotection, as proved with several experimental models. These key neuroprotective pathways can interact and indirectly activate each other. In this review, we summarize the neuroprotective potential of the UPS, ECS, and Nrf2 signaling, both separately and combined, pinpointing their role as a potential therapeutic approach against several hallmarks of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Angel Monsalvo-Maraver
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U. Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Enid A Ovalle-Noguez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U. Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jade Nava-Osorio
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U. Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisol Maya-López
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U. Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Rangel-López
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Maimonides de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Red Española de Excelencia en Estimulación Cerebral (REDESTIM), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U. Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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3
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Bicev RN, de Souza Degenhardt MF, de Oliveira CLP, da Silva ER, Degrouard J, Tresset G, Ronsein GE, Demasi M, da Cunha FM. Glucose restriction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae modulates the phosphorylation pattern of the 20S proteasome and increases its activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19383. [PMID: 37938622 PMCID: PMC10632367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction is known to extend the lifespan and/or improve diverse physiological parameters in a vast array of organisms. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, caloric restriction is performed by reducing the glucose concentration in the culture medium, a condition previously associated with increased chronological lifespan and 20S proteasome activity in cell extracts, which was not due to increased proteasome amounts in restricted cells. Herein, we sought to investigate the mechanisms through which glucose restriction improved proteasome activity and whether these activity changes were associated with modifications in the particle conformation. We show that glucose restriction increases the ability of 20S proteasomes, isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, to degrade model substrates and whole proteins. In addition, threonine 55 and/or serine 56 of the α5-subunit, were/was consistently found to be phosphorylated in proteasomes isolated from glucose restricted cells, which may be involved in the increased proteolysis capacity of proteasomes from restricted cells. We were not able to observe changes in the gate opening nor in the spatial conformation in 20S proteasome particles isolated from glucose restricted cells, suggesting that the changes in activity were not accompanied by large conformational alterations in the 20S proteasome but involved allosteric activation of proteasome catalytic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Naporano Bicev
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Emerson Rodrigo da Silva
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Jéril Degrouard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Guillaume Tresset
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Graziella Eliza Ronsein
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marilene Demasi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
| | - Fernanda Marques da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Chandran A, Oliver HJ, Rochet JC. Role of NFE2L1 in the Regulation of Proteostasis: Implications for Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1169. [PMID: 37759569 PMCID: PMC10525699 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of aging and neurodegenerative diseases is a disruption of proteome homeostasis ("proteostasis") that is caused to a considerable extent by a decrease in the efficiency of protein degradation systems. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the major cellular pathway involved in the clearance of small, short-lived proteins, including amyloidogenic proteins that form aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. Age-dependent decreases in proteasome subunit expression coupled with the inhibition of proteasome function by aggregated UPS substrates result in a feedforward loop that accelerates disease progression. Nuclear factor erythroid 2- like 1 (NFE2L1) is a transcription factor primarily responsible for the proteasome inhibitor-induced "bounce-back effect" regulating the expression of proteasome subunits. NFE2L1 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it is rapidly degraded under basal conditions by the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Under conditions leading to proteasome impairment, NFE2L1 is cleaved and transported to the nucleus, where it binds to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in the promoter region of proteasome subunit genes, thereby stimulating their transcription. In this review, we summarize the role of UPS impairment in aging and neurodegenerative disease etiology and consider the potential benefit of enhancing NFE2L1 function as a strategy to upregulate proteasome function and alleviate pathology in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Chandran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Haley Jane Oliver
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Negi H, Osei-Amponsa V, Ibrahim B, Evans CN, Sullenberger C, Loncarek J, Chari R, Walters KJ. An engineered cell line with a hRpn1-attached handle to isolate proteasomes. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104948. [PMID: 37354974 PMCID: PMC10372910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated protein degradation in eukaryotes is performed by the 26S proteasome, which contains a 19-subunit regulatory particle (RP) that binds, processes, and translocates substrates to a 28-subunit hollow core particle (CP) where proteolysis occurs. In addition to its intrinsic subunits, myriad proteins interact with the proteasome transiently, including factors that assist and/or regulate its degradative activities. Efforts to identify proteasome-interacting components and/or to solve its structure have relied on over-expression of a tagged plasmid, establishing stable cell lines, or laborious purification protocols to isolate native proteasomes from cells. Here, we describe an engineered human cell line, derived from colon cancer HCT116 cells, with a biotin handle on the RP subunit hRpn1/PSMD2 (proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 2) for purification of 26S proteasomes. A 75-residue sequence from Propionibacterium shermanii that is biotinylated in mammalian cells was added following a tobacco etch virus protease cut site at the C terminus of hRpn1. We tested and found that 26S proteasomes can be isolated from this modified HCT116 cell line by using a simple purification protocol. More specifically, biotinylated proteasomes were purified from the cell lysates by using neutravidin agarose resin and released from the resin following incubation with tobacco etch virus protease. The purified proteasomes had equivalent activity in degrading a model ubiquitinated substrate, namely ubiquitinated p53, compared to commercially available bovine proteasomes that were purified by fractionation. In conclusion, advantages of this approach to obtain 26S proteasomes over others is the simple purification protocol and that all cellular proteins, including the tagged hRpn1 subunit, remain at endogenous stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitendra Negi
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Vasty Osei-Amponsa
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Bishoy Ibrahim
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine N Evans
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine Sullenberger
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
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Tychhon B, Allen JC, Gonzalez MA, Olivas IM, Solecki JP, Keivan M, Velazquez VV, McCall EB, Tapia DN, Rubio AJ, Jordan C, Elliott D, Eiring AM. The prognostic value of 19S ATPase proteasome subunits in acute myeloid leukemia and other forms of cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1209425. [PMID: 37502358 PMCID: PMC10371016 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1209425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an intracellular organelle responsible for targeted protein degradation, which represents a standard therapeutic target for many different human malignancies. Bortezomib, a reversible inhibitor of chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity, was first approved by the FDA in 2003 to treat multiple myeloma and is now used to treat a number of different cancers, including relapsed mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, colorectal cancer, and thyroid carcinoma. Despite the success, bortezomib and other proteasome inhibitors are subject to severe side effects, and ultimately, drug resistance. We recently reported an oncogenic role for non-ATPase members of the 19S proteasome in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and several different solid tumors. In the present study, we hypothesized that ATPase members of the 19S proteasome would also serve as biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets in AML and multiple other cancers. Methods We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) available at UALCAN and/or GEPIA2 to assess the expression and prognostic value of proteasome 26S subunit, ATPases 1-6 (PSMC1-6) of the 19S proteasome in cancer. UALCAN was also used to associate PSMC1-6 mRNA expression with distinct clinicopathological features. Finally, cBioPortal was employed to assess genomic alterations of PSMC genes across different cancer types. Results The mRNA and protein expression of PSMC1-6 of the 19S proteasome were elevated in several cancers compared with normal controls, which often correlated with worse overall survival. In contrast, AML patients demonstrated reduced expression of these proteasome subunits compared with normal mononuclear cells. However, AML patients with high expression of PSMC2-5 had worse outcomes. Discussion Altogether, our data suggest that components of the 19S proteasome could serve as prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in AML and several other human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boranai Tychhon
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Jesse C. Allen
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Mayra A. Gonzalez
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Idaly M. Olivas
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Solecki
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Mehrshad Keivan
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Vanessa V. Velazquez
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Emily B. McCall
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Desiree N. Tapia
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Andres J. Rubio
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Connor Jordan
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - David Elliott
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Anna M. Eiring
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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D’Urso A, Purrello R, Cunsolo A, Milardi D, Fattorusso C, Persico M, Gaczynska M, Osmulski PA, Santoro AM. Electronic Circular Dichroism Detects Conformational Changes Associated with Proteasome Gating Confirmed Using AFM Imaging. Biomolecules 2023; 13:704. [PMID: 37189451 PMCID: PMC10136135 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration, are linked to proteasome dysregulation. Proteasome activity, essential for maintaining proteostasis in a cell, is controlled by the gating mechanism and its underlying conformational transitions. Thus, developing effective methods to detect gate-related specific proteasome conformations could be a significant contribution to rational drug design. Since the structural analysis suggests that gate opening is associated with a decrease in the content of α-helices and β-sheets and an increase in random coil structures, we decided to explore the application of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) in the UV region to monitor the proteasome gating. A comparison of ECD spectra of wild type yeast 20S proteasome (predominantly closed) and an open-gate mutant (α3ΔN) revealed an increased intensity in the ECD band at 220 nm, which suggests increased contents of random coil and β-turn structures. This observation was further supported by evaluating ECD spectra of human 20S treated with low concentration of SDS, known as a gate-opening reagent. Next, to evaluate the power of ECD to probe a ligand-induced gate status, we treated the proteasome with H2T4, a tetracationic porphyrin that we showed previously to induce large-scale protein conformational changes upon binding to h20S. H2T4 caused a significant increase in the ECD band at 220 nm, interpreted as an induced opening of the 20S gate. In parallel, we imaged the gate-harboring alpha ring of the 20S with AFM, a technique that we used previously to visualize the predominantly closed gate in latent human or yeast 20S and the open gate in α3ΔN mutant. The results were convergent with the ECD data and showed a marked decrease in the content of closed-gate conformation in the H2T4-treated h20S. Our findings provide compelling support for the use of ECD measurements to conveniently monitor proteasome conformational changes related to gating phenomena. We predict that the observed association of spectroscopic and structural results will help with efficient design and characterization of exogenous proteasome regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro D’Urso
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberto Purrello
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandra Cunsolo
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Danilo Milardi
- Istituto di Cristallografia—CNR Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Caterina Fattorusso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Persico
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Gaczynska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.G.); (P.A.O.)
| | - Pawel A. Osmulski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.G.); (P.A.O.)
| | - Anna Maria Santoro
- Istituto di Cristallografia—CNR Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
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The β-Grasp Domain of Proteasomal ATPase Mpa Makes Critical Contacts with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 20S Core Particle to Facilitate Degradation. mSphere 2022; 7:e0027422. [PMID: 35993699 PMCID: PMC9599533 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00274-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses a Pup-proteasome system analogous to the eukaryotic ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. We have previously shown that the hexameric mycobacterial proteasome ATPase (Mpa) recruits pupylated protein substrates via interactions between amino-terminal coiled-coils in Mpa monomers and the degradation tag Pup. However, it is unclear how Mpa rings interact with a proteasome due to the presence of a carboxyl-terminal β-grasp domain unique to Mpa homologues that makes the interaction highly unstable. Here, we describe newly identified critical interactions between Mpa and 20S core proteasomes. Interestingly, the Mpa C-terminal GQYL motif binds the 20S core particle activation pocket differently than the same motif of the ATP-independent proteasome accessory factor PafE. We further found that the β-hairpin of the Mpa β-grasp domain interacts variably with the H0 helix on top of the 20S core particle via a series of ionic and hydrogen-bond interactions. Individually mutating several involved residues reduced Mpa-mediated protein degradation both in vitro and in vivo. IMPORTANCE The Pup-proteasome system in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is critical for this species to cause lethal infections in mice. Investigating the molecular mechanism of how the Mpa ATPase recruits and unfolds pupylated substrates to the 20S proteasomal core particle for degradation will be essential to fully understand how degradation is regulated, and the structural information we report may be useful for the development of new tuberculosis chemotherapies.
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9
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Anderson RT, Bradley TA, Smith DM. Hyperactivation of the proteasome in Caenorhabditis elegans protects against proteotoxic stress and extends lifespan. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102415. [PMID: 36007615 PMCID: PMC9486566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtually all age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) can be characterized by the accumulation of proteins inside and outside the cell that are thought to significantly contribute to disease pathogenesis. One of the cell’s primary systems for the degradation of misfolded/damaged proteins is the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), and its impairment is implicated in essentially all NDs. Thus, upregulating this system to combat NDs has garnered a great deal of interest in recent years. Various animal models have focused on stimulating 26S activity and increasing 20S proteasome levels, but thus far, none have targeted intrinsic activation of the 20S proteasome itself. Therefore, we constructed an animal model that endogenously expresses a hyperactive, open gate proteasome in Caenorhabditis elegans. The gate-destabilizing mutation that we introduced into the nematode germline yielded a viable nematode population with enhanced proteasomal activity, including peptide, unstructured protein, and ubiquitin-dependent degradation activities. We determined these nematodes showed a significantly increased lifespan and substantial resistance to oxidative and proteotoxic stress but a significant decrease in fecundity. Our results show that introducing a constitutively active proteasome into a multicellular organism is feasible and suggests targeting the proteasome gating mechanism as a valid approach for future age-related disease research efforts in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond T Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Thomas A Bradley
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - David M Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506.
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10
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Aharoni S, Proskorovski-Ohayon R, Krishnan RK, Yogev Y, Wormser O, Hadar N, Bakhrat A, Alshafee I, Gombosh M, Agam N, Gradstein L, Shorer Z, Zarivach R, Eskin-Schwartz M, Abdu U, Birk OS. PSMC1 variant causes a novel neurological syndrome. Clin Genet 2022; 102:324-332. [PMID: 35861243 PMCID: PMC9541193 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome 26S, the eukaryotic proteasome, serves as the machinery for cellular protein degradation. It is composed of the 20S core particle and one or two 19S regulatory particles, composed of a base and a lid. To date, several human diseases have been associated with mutations within the 26S proteasome subunits; only one of them affects a base subunit. We now delineate an autosomal recessive syndrome of failure to thrive, severe developmental delay and intellectual disability, spastic tetraplegia with central hypotonia, chorea, hearing loss, micropenis and undescended testes, as well as mild elevation of liver enzymes. None of the affected individuals achieved verbal communication or ambulation. Ventriculomegaly was evident on MRI. Homozygosity mapping combined with exome sequencing revealed a disease‐associated p.I328T PSMC1 variant. Protein modeling demonstrated that the PSMC1 variant is located at the highly conserved putative ATP binding and hydrolysis domain, and is suggested to interrupt a hydrophobic core within the protein. Fruit flies in which we silenced the Drosophila ortholog Rpt2 specifically in the eye exhibited an apparent phenotype that was highly rescued by the human wild‐type PSMC1, yet only partly by the mutant PSMC1, proving the functional effect of the p.I328T disease‐causing variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Aharoni
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Regina Proskorovski-Ohayon
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ramesh Kumar Krishnan
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yuval Yogev
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ohad Wormser
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Noam Hadar
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anna Bakhrat
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ismael Alshafee
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Maya Gombosh
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Nadav Agam
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Libe Gradstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka University Medical Center and Clalit Health Services, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Zamir Shorer
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Division of Pediatrics, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-sheva, Israel
| | - Raz Zarivach
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Marina Eskin-Schwartz
- Genetics Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Uri Abdu
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ohad S Birk
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Genetics Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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11
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Salazar-Chaparro AF, Halder S, Maresh ME, Trader DJ. Solid-Phase Synthesis and Application of a Clickable Version of Epoxomicin for Proteasome Activity Analysis. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100710. [PMID: 35107861 PMCID: PMC9122039 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of proteins by the proteasome is an essential cellular process and one that many wish to study in a variety of disease types. There are commercially available probes that can monitor proteasome activity in cells, but they typically contain common fluorophores that limit their simultaneous use with other activity-based probes. In order to exchange the fluorophore or incorporate an enrichment tag, the proteasome probe likely has to be synthesized which can be cumbersome. Here, we describe a simple synthetic procedure that only requires one purification step to generate epoxomicin, a selective proteasome inhibitor, with a terminal alkyne. Through a copper-catalyzed cycloaddition, any moiety containing an azide can be incorporated into the probe. Many fluorophores are commercially available that contain an azide that can be "clicked", allowing this proteasome activity probe to be included into already established assays to monitor both proteasome activity and other cellular activities of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres F. Salazar-Chaparro
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907 (USA)
| | - Saayak Halder
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907 (USA)
| | - Marianne E. Maresh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907 (USA)
| | - Darci J. Trader
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907 (USA)
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12
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Fungal Secondary Metabolites as Inhibitors of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413309. [PMID: 34948102 PMCID: PMC8707610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is the major non-lysosomal pathway responsible for regulated degradation of intracellular proteins in eukaryotes. As the principal proteolytic pathway in the cytosol and the nucleus, the UPS serves two main functions: the quality control function (i.e., removal of damaged, misfolded, and functionally incompetent proteins) and a major regulatory function (i.e., targeted degradation of a variety of short-lived regulatory proteins involved in cell cycle control, signal transduction cascades, and regulation of gene expression and metabolic pathways). Aberrations in the UPS are implicated in numerous human pathologies such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmunity, inflammation, or infectious diseases. Therefore, the UPS has become an attractive target for drug discovery and development. For the past two decades, much research has been focused on identifying and developing compounds that target specific components of the UPS. Considerable effort has been devoted to the development of both second-generation proteasome inhibitors and inhibitors of ubiquitinating/deubiquitinating enzymes. With the feature of unique structure and bioactivity, secondary metabolites (natural products) serve as the lead compounds in the development of new therapeutic drugs. This review, for the first time, summarizes fungal secondary metabolites found to act as inhibitors of the UPS components.
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13
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Wu D, Miao J, Hu J, Li F, Gao D, Chen H, Feng Y, Shen Y, He A. PSMB7 Is a Key Gene Involved in the Development of Multiple Myeloma and Resistance to Bortezomib. Front Oncol 2021; 11:684232. [PMID: 34367968 PMCID: PMC8343178 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most commonly diagnosed hematologic neoplasm, is the most significant clinical manifestation in a series of plasma cell (PC) dyscrasia. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering MM (SMM), approximately 1% or 10% of which, respectively, can progress to MM per year, are the premalignant stages of MM. The overall survival (OS) of MM is significantly improved by the introduction of proteasome inhibitors (PIs), but almost all MM patients eventually relapse and resist anti-MM drugs. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the progression of MM and the mechanisms related to MM drug resistance. In this study, we used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to analyze the gene expression of the dynamic process from normal plasma cells (NPC) to malignant profiling PC, and found that the abnormal gene expression was mainly concentrated in the proteasome. We also found that the expression of one of the proteasomal subunits PSMB7 was capable of distinguishing the different stages of PC dyscrasia and was the highest in ISS III. In the bortezomib (BTZ) treated NDMM patients, higher PSMB7 expression was associated with shorter survival time, and the expression of PSMB7 in the BTZ treatment group was significantly higher than in the thalidomide (Thai) treatment group. In summary, we found that PSMB7 is the key gene associated with MM disease progression and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiyu Miao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinsong Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Fangmei Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuandong Feng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aili He
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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14
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Schumacher MM, DeBose-Boyd RA. Posttranslational Regulation of HMG CoA Reductase, the Rate-Limiting Enzyme in Synthesis of Cholesterol. Annu Rev Biochem 2021; 90:659-679. [PMID: 34153214 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-081820-101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The polytopic, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase produces mevalonate, the key intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol and many nonsterol isoprenoids including geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGpp). Transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational feedback mechanisms converge on this reductase to ensure cells maintain a sufficient supply of essential nonsterol isoprenoids but avoid overaccumulation of cholesterol and other sterols. The focus of this review is mechanisms for the posttranslational regulation of HMG CoA reductase, which include sterol-accelerated ubiquitination and ER-associated degradation (ERAD) that is augmented by GGpp. We discuss how GGpp-induced ER-to-Golgi trafficking of the vitamin K2 synthetic enzyme UbiA prenyltransferase domain-containing protein-1 (UBIAD1) modulates HMG CoA reductase ERAD to balance the synthesis of sterol and nonsterol isoprenoids. We also summarize the characterization of genetically manipulated mice, which established that sterol-accelerated, UBIAD1-modulated ERAD plays a major role in regulation of HMG CoA reductase and cholesterol metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc M Schumacher
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA;
| | - Russell A DeBose-Boyd
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA;
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15
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Chen X, Dorris Z, Shi D, Huang RK, Khant H, Fox T, de Val N, Williams D, Zhang P, Walters KJ. Cryo-EM Reveals Unanchored M1-Ubiquitin Chain Binding at hRpn11 of the 26S Proteasome. Structure 2020; 28:1206-1217.e4. [PMID: 32783951 PMCID: PMC7642156 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is specialized for regulated protein degradation and formed by a dynamic regulatory particle (RP) that caps a hollow cylindrical core particle (CP) where substrates are proteolyzed. Its diverse substrates unify as proteasome targets by ubiquitination. We used cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to study how human 26S proteasome interacts with M1-linked hexaubiquitin (M1-Ub6) unanchored to a substrate and E3 ubiquitin ligase E6AP/UBE3A. Proteasome structures are available with model substrates extending through the RP ATPase ring and substrate-conjugated K63-linked ubiquitin chains present at inhibited deubiquitinating enzyme hRpn11 and the nearby ATPase hRpt4/hRpt5 coiled coil. In this study, we find M1-Ub6 at the hRpn11 site despite the absence of conjugated substrate, indicating that ubiquitin binding at this location does not require substrate interaction with the RP. Moreover, unanchored M1-Ub6 binds to this hRpn11 site of the proteasome with the CP gating residues in both the closed and opened conformational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Zachary Dorris
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Frederick High School, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Dan Shi
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rick K Huang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Htet Khant
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Tara Fox
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Natalia de Val
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Dewight Williams
- John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Kinase Complexes Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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16
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Impact of Losing hRpn13 Pru or UCHL5 on Proteasome Clearance of Ubiquitinated Proteins and RA190 Cytotoxicity. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00122-20. [PMID: 32631902 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00122-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
hRpn13/ADRM1 links substrate recruitment with deubiquitination at the proteasome through its proteasome- and ubiquitin-binding Pru domain and DEUBAD domain, which binds and activates deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) UCHL5/Uch37. Here, we edit the HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line to delete part of the hRpn13 Pru, producing cells that express truncated hRpn13 (trRpn13), which is competent for UCHL5 binding but defective for proteasome interaction. trRpn13 cells demonstrate reduced levels of proteasome-bound ubiquitinated proteins, indicating that the loss of hRpn13 function at proteasomes cannot be fully compensated for by the two other dedicated substrate receptors (hRpn1 and hRpn10). Previous studies indicated that the loss of full-length hRpn13 causes a corresponding reduction of UCHL5. We find UCHL5 levels unaltered in trRpn13 cells, but hRpn11 is elevated in ΔhRpn13 and trRpn13 cells, perhaps from cell stress. Despite the ∼90 DUBs in human cells, including two others in addition to UCHL5 at the proteasome, we found deletion of UCHL5 from HCT116 cells to cause increased levels of ubiquitinated proteins in whole-cell extract and at proteasomes, suggesting that UCHL5 activity cannot be fully assumed by other DUBs. We also report anticancer molecule RA190, which binds covalently to hRpn13 and UCHL5, to require hRpn13 Pru and not UCHL5 for cytotoxicity.
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17
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Suppahia A, Itagi P, Burris A, Kim FMG, Vontz A, Kante A, Kim S, Im W, Deeds EJ, Roelofs J. Cooperativity in Proteasome Core Particle Maturation. iScience 2020; 23:101090. [PMID: 32380419 PMCID: PMC7210456 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes are multi-subunit protease complexes found in all domains of life. The maturation of the core particle (CP), which harbors the active sites, involves dimerization of two half CPs (HPs) and an autocatalytic cleavage that removes β propeptides. How these steps are regulated remains poorly understood. Here, we used the Rhodococcus erythropolis CP to dissect this process in vitro. Our data show that propeptides regulate the dimerization of HPs through flexible loops we identified. Furthermore, N-terminal truncations of the propeptides accelerated HP dimerization and decelerated CP auto-activation. We identified cooperativity in autocatalysis and found that the propeptide can be partially cleaved by adjacent active sites, potentially aiding an otherwise strictly autocatalytic mechanism. We propose that cross-processing during bacterial CP maturation is the underlying mechanism leading to the observed cooperativity of activation. Our work suggests that the bacterial β propeptide plays an unexpected and complex role in regulating dimerization and autocatalytic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Suppahia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 338 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Pushpa Itagi
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 99024, USA
| | - Alicia Burris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 338 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Faith Mi Ge Kim
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 338 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Alexander Vontz
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 338 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Anupama Kante
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 99024, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Seonghoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18105, USA
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18105, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18105, USA; Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18105, USA
| | - Eric J Deeds
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 99024, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 99024, USA.
| | - Jeroen Roelofs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 338 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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18
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Lu X, Ebelle DL, Matsuo H, Walters KJ. An Extended Conformation for K48 Ubiquitin Chains Revealed by the hRpn2:Rpn13:K48-Diubiquitin Structure. Structure 2020; 28:495-506.e3. [PMID: 32160516 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rpn13/Adrm1 is recruited to the proteasome by PSMD1/Rpn2, where it serves as a substrate receptor that binds preferentially to K48-linked ubiquitin chains, an established signal for protein proteolysis. Here, we use NMR to solve the structure of hRpn13 Pru:hRpn2 (940-953):K48-diubiquitin. Surprisingly, hRpn2-bound hRpn13 selects a dynamic, extended conformation of K48-diubiquitin that is unique from previously determined structures. NMR experiments on free K48-diubiquitin demonstrate the presence of the reported "closed" conformation observed by crystallography, but also this more extended state, in which the hRpn13-binding surface is exposed. This extended K48-diubiquitin conformation is defined by interactions between L73 from G76-linked (distal) ubiquitin and a Y59-centered surface of K48-linked (proximal) ubiquitin. Furthermore, hRpn13 exchanges between the two ubiquitins within 100 ms, although prefers the proximal ubiquitin due to interactions with the K48 linker region. Altogether, these data lead to a revised model of how ubiquitinated substrates interact with the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Lu
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Danielle L Ebelle
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hiroshi Matsuo
- Basic Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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19
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Buel GR, Chen X, Chari R, O'Neill MJ, Ebelle DL, Jenkins C, Sridharan V, Tarasov SG, Tarasova NI, Andresson T, Walters KJ. Structure of E3 ligase E6AP with a proteasome-binding site provided by substrate receptor hRpn10. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1291. [PMID: 32157086 PMCID: PMC7064531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated proteolysis by proteasomes involves ~800 enzymes for substrate modification with ubiquitin, including ~600 E3 ligases. We report here that E6AP/UBE3A is distinguished from other E3 ligases by having a 12 nM binding site at the proteasome contributed by substrate receptor hRpn10/PSMD4/S5a. Intrinsically disordered by itself, and previously uncharacterized, the E6AP-binding domain in hRpn10 locks into a well-defined helical structure to form an intermolecular 4-helix bundle with the E6AP AZUL, which is unique to this E3. We thus name the hRpn10 AZUL-binding domain RAZUL. We further find in human cells that loss of RAZUL by CRISPR-based gene editing leads to loss of E6AP at proteasomes. Moreover, proteasome-associated ubiquitin is reduced following E6AP knockdown or displacement from proteasomes, suggesting that E6AP ubiquitinates substrates at or for the proteasome. Altogether, our findings indicate E6AP to be a privileged E3 for the proteasome, with a dedicated, high affinity binding site contributed by hRpn10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen R Buel
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Maura J O'Neill
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Danielle L Ebelle
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Conor Jenkins
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Vinidhra Sridharan
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sergey G Tarasov
- Biophysics Resource, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Nadya I Tarasova
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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20
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DeVallance E, Branyan KW, Lemaster KC, Anderson R, Marshall KL, Olfert IM, Smith DM, Kelley EE, Bryner RW, Frisbee JC, Chantler PD. Exercise training prevents the perivascular adipose tissue-induced aortic dysfunction with metabolic syndrome. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101285. [PMID: 31374361 PMCID: PMC6669320 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of exercise training on improving the thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT) phenotype (inflammation, oxidative stress, and proteasome function) in metabolic syndrome and its subsequent actions on aortic function. Methods Lean and obese (model of metabolic syndrome) Zucker rats (n=8/group) underwent 8-weeks of control conditions or treadmill exercise (70% of max speed, 1 h/day, 5 days/week). At the end of the intervention, the tPVAT was removed and conditioned media was made. The cleaned aorta was attached to a force transducer to assess endothelium-dependent and independent dilation in the presence or absence of tPVAT-conditioned media. tPVAT gene expression, inflammatory /oxidative phenotype, and proteasome function were assessed. Results The main findings were that Ex induced: (1) a beige-like, anti-inflammatory tPVAT phenotype; (2) a greater abundance of •NO in tPVAT; (3) a reduction in tPVAT oxidant production; and (4) an improved tPVAT proteasome function. Regarding aortic function, endothelium-dependent dilation was greater in exercised lean and obese groups vs. controls (p < 0.05). Lean control tPVAT improved aortic relaxation, whereas obese control tPVAT decreased aortic relaxation. In contrast, the obese Ex-tPVAT increased aortic dilation, whereas the lean Ex-tPVAT did not affect aortic dilation. Conclusion Overall, exercise had the most dramatic impact on the obese tPVAT reflecting a change towards an environment with less oxidant load, less inflammation and improved proteasome function. Such beneficial changes to the tPVAT micro-environment with exercise likely played a significant role in mediating the improvement in aortic function in metabolic syndrome following 8 weeks of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan DeVallance
- Division of Exercise Physiology, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kayla W Branyan
- Division of Exercise Physiology, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kent C Lemaster
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ray Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kent L Marshall
- Division of Exercise Physiology, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - I Mark Olfert
- Division of Exercise Physiology, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - David M Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Randy W Bryner
- Division of Exercise Physiology, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Division of Exercise Physiology, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Neuroscience, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Proteasomes are multienzyme complexes that maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and important cellular functions through the degradation of misfolded, redundant, and damaged proteins. It is well established that aging is associated with the accumulation of damaged and misfolded proteins. This phenomenon is paralleled by declined proteasome activity. When the accumulation of redundant proteins exceed degradation, undesirable signaling and/or aggregation occurs and are the hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases and many cancers. Thus, increasing proteasome activity has been recognized as a new approach to delay the onset or ameliorate the symptoms of neurodegenerative and other proteotoxic disorders. Enhancement of proteasome activity has many therapeutic potentials but is still a relatively unexplored field. In this perspective, we review current approaches, genetic manipulation, posttranslational modification, and small molecule proteasome agonists used to increase proteasome activity, challenges facing the field, and applications beyond aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert Njomen
- Department of Chemistry, and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jetze J. Tepe
- Department of Chemistry, and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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22
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Coleman RA, Trader DJ. Methods to Discover and Evaluate Proteasome Small Molecule Stimulators. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122341. [PMID: 31242677 PMCID: PMC6630500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein accumulation has been identified as a characteristic of many degenerative conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases and aging. In most cases, these conditions also present with diminished protein degradation. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is responsible for the degradation of the majority of proteins in cells; however, the activity of the proteasome is reduced in these disease states, contributing to the accumulation of toxic protein. It has been hypothesized that proteasome activity, both ubiquitin-dependent and -independent, can be chemically stimulated to reduce the load of protein in diseased cells. Several methods exist to identify and characterize stimulators of proteasome activity. In this review, we detail the ways in which protease activity can be enhanced and analyze the biochemical and cellular methods of identifying stimulators of both the ubiquitin-dependent and -independent proteasome activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Coleman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Darci J Trader
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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23
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Chen X, Ebelle DL, Wright BJ, Sridharan V, Hooper E, Walters KJ. Structure of hRpn10 Bound to UBQLN2 UBL Illustrates Basis for Complementarity between Shuttle Factors and Substrates at the Proteasome. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:939-955. [PMID: 30664872 PMCID: PMC6389388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is a highly complex 2.5-MDa molecular machine responsible for regulated protein degradation. Proteasome substrates are typically marked by ubiquitination for recognition at receptor sites contributed by Rpn1/S2/PSMD2, Rpn10/S5a, and Rpn13/Adrm1. Each receptor site can bind substrates directly by engaging conjugated ubiquitin chains or indirectly by binding to shuttle factors Rad23/HR23, Dsk2/PLIC/UBQLN, or Ddi1, which contain a ubiquitin-like domain (UBL) that adopts the ubiquitin fold. Previous structural studies have defined how each of the proteasome receptor sites binds to ubiquitin chains as well as some of the interactions that occur with the shuttle factors. Here, we define how hRpn10 binds to the UBQLN2 UBL domain, solving the structure of this complex by NMR, and determine affinities for each UIM region by a titration experiment. UBQLN2 UBL exhibits 25-fold stronger affinity for the N-terminal UIM-1 over UIM-2 of hRpn10. Moreover, we discover that UBQLN2 UBL is fine-tuned for the hRpn10 UIM-1 site over the UIM-2 site by taking advantage of the additional contacts made available through the longer UIM-1 helix. We also test hRpn10 versatility for the various ubiquitin chains to find less specificity for any particular linkage type compared to hRpn1 and hRpn13, as expected from the flexible linker region that connects the two UIMs; nonetheless, hRpn10 does exhibit some preference for K48 and K11 linkages. Altogether, these results provide new insights into the highly complex and complementary roles of the proteasome receptor sites and shuttle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Danielle L Ebelle
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brandon J Wright
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Vinidhra Sridharan
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Evan Hooper
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Linganore High School, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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24
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Aalto AL, Mohan AK, Schwintzer L, Kupka S, Kietz C, Walczak H, Broemer M, Meinander A. M1-linked ubiquitination by LUBEL is required for inflammatory responses to oral infection in Drosophila. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:860-876. [PMID: 30026495 PMCID: PMC6462001 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination play a key role in regulation of inflammatory nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling. The Drosophila IκB kinase γ (IKKγ) Kenny is a central regulator of the Drosophila Imd pathway responsible for activation of the NF-κB Relish. We found the Drosophila E3 ligase and HOIL-1L interacting protein (HOIP) orthologue linear ubiquitin E3 ligase (LUBEL) to catalyse formation of M1-linked linear ubiquitin (M1-Ub) chains in flies in a signal-dependent manner upon bacterial infection. Upon activation of the Imd pathway, LUBEL modifies Kenny with M1-Ub chains. Interestingly, the LUBEL-mediated M1-Ub chains seem to be targeted both directly to Kenny and to K63-linked ubiquitin chains conjugated to Kenny by DIAP2. This suggests that DIAP2 and LUBEL work together to promote Kenny-mediated activation of Relish. We found LUBEL-mediated M1-Ub chain formation to be required for flies to survive oral infection with Gram-negative bacteria, for activation of Relish-mediated expression of antimicrobial peptide genes and for pathogen clearance during oral infection. Interestingly, LUBEL is not required for mounting an immune response against systemic infection, as Relish-mediated antimicrobial peptide genes can be expressed in the absence of LUBEL during septic injury. Finally, transgenic induction of LUBEL-mediated M1-Ub drives expression of antimicrobial peptide genes and hyperplasia in the midgut in the absence of infection. This suggests that M1-Ub chains are important for Imd signalling and immune responses in the intestinal epithelia, and that enhanced M1-Ub chain formation is able to drive chronic intestinal inflammation in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Aalto
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, BioCity, Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Aravind K Mohan
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, BioCity, Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Lukas Schwintzer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kupka
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christa Kietz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, BioCity, Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Meike Broemer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Meinander
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, BioCity, Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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25
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Yang H, Jaeger M, Walker A, Wei D, Leiker K, Weitao T. Break Breast Cancer Addiction by CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing. J Cancer 2018; 9:219-231. [PMID: 29344267 PMCID: PMC5771328 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading diagnosed cancer for women globally. Evolution of breast cancer in tumorigenesis, metastasis and treatment resistance appears to be driven by the aberrant gene expression and protein degradation encoded by the cancer genomes. The uncontrolled cancer growth relies on these cellular events, thus constituting the cancerous programs and rendering the addiction towards them. These programs are likely the potential anticancer biomarkers for Personalized Medicine of breast cancer. This review intends to delineate the impact of the CRSPR/Cas-mediated genome editing in identification and validation of these anticancer biomarkers. It reviews the progress in three aspects of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the breast cancer genomes: Somatic genome editing, transcription and protein degradation addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yang
- Laboratory for Cancer Genome Editing, Zhuhai Lifecode Medical Technologies. Inc. Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huizhou 2nd Hospital for Children and Women, #101 University Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, 518900, Guangdong, China
| | - MariaLynn Jaeger
- College of Science and Mathematics, Southwest Baptist University, 1600 University Avenue, Bolivar, Missouri 65613, USA
| | - Averi Walker
- College of Science and Mathematics, Southwest Baptist University, 1600 University Avenue, Bolivar, Missouri 65613, USA
| | - Daniel Wei
- University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Katie Leiker
- College of Science and Mathematics, Southwest Baptist University, 1600 University Avenue, Bolivar, Missouri 65613, USA
| | - Tao Weitao
- College of Science and Mathematics, Southwest Baptist University, 1600 University Avenue, Bolivar, Missouri 65613, USA
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26
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Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Ciaccio C, Grasso G, Gioia M, Coletta A, Polticelli F, Di Pierro D, Milardi D, Van Endert P, Marini S, Coletta M. Multiple functions of insulin-degrading enzyme: a metabolic crosslight? Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28635330 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1337707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a ubiquitous zinc peptidase of the inverzincin family, which has been initially discovered as the enzyme responsible for insulin catabolism; therefore, its involvement in the onset of diabetes has been largely investigated. However, further studies on IDE unraveled its ability to degrade several other polypeptides, such as β-amyloid, amylin, and glucagon, envisaging the possible implication of IDE dys-regulation in the "aggregopathies" and, in particular, in neurodegenerative diseases. Over the last decade, a novel scenario on IDE biology has emerged, pointing out a multi-functional role of this enzyme in several basic cellular processes. In particular, latest advances indicate that IDE behaves as a heat shock protein and modulates the ubiquitin-proteasome system, suggesting a major implication in proteins turnover and cell homeostasis. In addition, recent observations have highlighted that the regulation of glucose metabolism by IDE is not merely based on its largely proposed role in the degradation of insulin in vivo. There is increasing evidence that improper IDE function, regulation, or trafficking might contribute to the etiology of metabolic diseases. In addition, the enzymatic activity of IDE is affected by metals levels, thus suggesting a role also in the metal homeostasis (metallostasis), which is thought to be tightly linked to the malfunction of the "quality control" machinery of the cell. Focusing on the physiological role of IDE, we will address a comprehensive vision of the very complex scenario in which IDE takes part, outlining its crucial role in interconnecting several relevant cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia R Tundo
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy.,b CIRCMSB , Bari , Italy
| | - Diego Sbardella
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy.,b CIRCMSB , Bari , Italy.,c Center for TeleInfrastructures, University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy
| | - Chiara Ciaccio
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy.,b CIRCMSB , Bari , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grasso
- d Department of Chemistry , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.,e CNR IBB , Catania , Italy
| | - Magda Gioia
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy.,b CIRCMSB , Bari , Italy
| | - Andrea Coletta
- f Department of Chemistry , University of Aarhus , Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - Donato Di Pierro
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy.,b CIRCMSB , Bari , Italy
| | | | - Peter Van Endert
- h Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, U1151, CNRS , Paris , France
| | - Stefano Marini
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy.,b CIRCMSB , Bari , Italy.,c Center for TeleInfrastructures, University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy
| | - Massimo Coletta
- a Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy.,b CIRCMSB , Bari , Italy.,c Center for TeleInfrastructures, University of Roma Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy
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27
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Structure of the Rpn13-Rpn2 complex provides insights for Rpn13 and Uch37 as anticancer targets. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15540. [PMID: 28598414 PMCID: PMC5494190 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome-ubiquitin receptor hRpn13/Adrm1 binds and activates deubiquitinating enzyme Uch37/UCHL5 and is targeted by bis-benzylidine piperidone RA190, which restricts cancer growth in mice xenografts. Here, we solve the structure of hRpn13 with a segment of hRpn2 that serves as its proteasome docking site; a proline-rich C-terminal hRpn2 extension stretches across a narrow canyon of the ubiquitin-binding hRpn13 Pru domain blocking an RA190-binding surface. Biophysical analyses in combination with cell-based assays indicate that hRpn13 binds preferentially to hRpn2 and proteasomes over RA190. hRpn13 also exists outside of proteasomes where it may be RA190 sensitive. RA190 does not affect hRpn13 interaction with Uch37, but rather directly binds and inactivates Uch37. hRpn13 deletion from HCT116 cells abrogates RA190-induced accumulation of substrates at proteasomes. We propose that RA190 targets hRpn13 and Uch37 through parallel mechanisms and at proteasomes, RA190-inactivated Uch37 cannot disassemble hRpn13-bound ubiquitin chains.
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28
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Guo X, Huang X, Chen MJ. Reversible phosphorylation of the 26S proteasome. Protein Cell 2017; 8:255-272. [PMID: 28258412 PMCID: PMC5359188 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The 26S proteasome at the center of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for virtually all cellular processes of eukaryotes. A common misconception about the proteasome is that, once made, it remains as a static and uniform complex with spontaneous and constitutive activity for protein degradation. Recent discoveries have provided compelling evidence to support the exact opposite insomuch as the 26S proteasome undergoes dynamic and reversible phosphorylation under a variety of physiopathological conditions. In this review, we summarize the history and current understanding of proteasome phosphorylation, and advocate the idea of targeting proteasome kinases/phosphatases as a new strategy for clinical interventions of several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- The Life Sciences Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xiuliang Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mark J Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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29
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ahg12 is a dominant proteasome mutant that affects multiple regulatory systems for germination of Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25351. [PMID: 27139926 PMCID: PMC4853794 DOI: 10.1038/srep25351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is fundamentally involved in myriad biological phenomena of eukaryotes. In plants, this regulated protein degradation system has a pivotal role in the cellular response mechanisms for both internal and external stimuli, such as plant hormones and environmental stresses. Information about substrate selection by the ubiquitination machinery has accumulated, but there is very little information about selectivity for substrates at the proteasome. Here, we report characterization of a novel abscisic acid (ABA)-hypersensitive mutant named ABA hypersensitive germination12 (ahg12) in Arabidopsis. The ahg12 mutant showed a unique pleiotropic phenotype, including hypersensitivity to ABA and ethylene, and hyposensitivity to light. Map-based cloning identified the ahg12 mutation to cause an amino acid conversion in the L23 loop of RPT5a, which is predicted to form the pore structure of the 19S RP complex of the proteasome. Transient expression assays demonstrated that some plant-specific signaling components accumulated at higher levels in the ahg12 mutant. These results suggest that the ahg12 mutation led to changes in the substrate preference of the 26S proteasome. The discovery of the ahg12 mutation thus will contribute to elucidate the characteristics of the regulated protein degradation system.
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30
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He F, Wollscheid HP, Nowicka U, Biancospino M, Valentini E, Ehlinger A, Acconcia F, Magistrati E, Polo S, Walters KJ. Myosin VI Contains a Compact Structural Motif that Binds to Ubiquitin Chains. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2683-94. [PMID: 26971995 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin VI is critical for cargo trafficking and sorting during early endocytosis and autophagosome maturation, and abnormalities in these processes are linked to cancers, neurodegeneration, deafness, and hypertropic cardiomyopathy. We identify a structured domain in myosin VI, myosin VI ubiquitin-binding domain (MyUb), that binds to ubiquitin chains, especially those linked via K63, K11, and K29. Herein, we solve the solution structure of MyUb and MyUb:K63-linked diubiquitin. MyUb folds as a compact helix-turn-helix-like motif and nestles between the ubiquitins of K63-linked diubiquitin, interacting with distinct surfaces of each. A nine-amino-acid extension at the C-terminal helix (Helix2) of MyUb is required for myosin VI interaction with endocytic and autophagic adaptors. Structure-guided mutations revealed that a functional MyUb is necessary for optineurin interaction. In addition, we found that an isoform-specific helix restricts MyUb binding to ubiquitin chains. This work provides fundamental insights into myosin VI interaction with ubiquitinated cargo and functional adaptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahu He
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Wollscheid
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Urszula Nowicka
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Matteo Biancospino
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Valentini
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Aaron Ehlinger
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Filippo Acconcia
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Magistrati
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Polo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy; DIPO, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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31
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Randles L, Anchoori RK, Roden RBS, Walters KJ. The Proteasome Ubiquitin Receptor hRpn13 and Its Interacting Deubiquitinating Enzyme Uch37 Are Required for Proper Cell Cycle Progression. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8773-83. [PMID: 26907685 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.694588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that bisbenzylidine piperidone RA190 adducts to Cys-88 of the proteasome ubiquitin receptor hRpn13, triggering accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. hRpn13 contains an N-terminal pleckstrin-like receptor for ubiquitin domain that binds ubiquitin and docks it into the proteasome as well as a C-terminal deubiquitinase adaptor (DEUBAD) domain that binds the deubiquitinating enzyme Uch37. Here we report that hRpn13 and Uch37 are required for proper cell cycle progression and that their protein knockdown leads to stalling at G0/G1 Moreover, serum-starved cells display reduced hRpn13 and Uch37 protein levels with hallmarks of G0/G1 stalling and recovery to their steady-state protein levels following release from nutrient deprivation. Interestingly, loss of hRpn13 correlates with a small but statistically significant reduction in Uch37 protein levels, suggesting that hRpn13 interaction may stabilize this deubiquitinating enzyme in human cells. We also find that RA190 treatment leads to a loss of S phase, suggesting a block of DNA replication, and G2 arrest by using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Uch37 deprivation further indicated a reduction of DNA replication and G0/G1 stalling. Overall, this work implicates hRpn13 and Uch37 in cell cycle progression, providing a rationale for their function in cellular proliferation and for the apoptotic effect of the hRpn13-targeting molecule RA190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Randles
- From the Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702 and
| | | | - Richard B S Roden
- the Departments of Oncology, Pathology, and Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Kylie J Walters
- From the Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702 and
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32
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Guo X, Wang X, Wang Z, Banerjee S, Yang J, Huang L, Dixon JE. Site-specific proteasome phosphorylation controls cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:202-12. [PMID: 26655835 PMCID: PMC4844191 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fundamental importance of proteasomal degradation in cells, little is known about whether and how the 26S proteasome itself is regulated in coordination with various physiological processes. Here we show that the proteasome is dynamically phosphorylated during the cell cycle at Thr 25 of the 19S subunit Rpt3. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, RNA interference and biochemical studies demonstrate that blocking Rpt3-Thr25 phosphorylation markedly impairs proteasome activity and impedes cell proliferation. Through a kinome-wide screen, we have identified dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) as the primary kinase that phosphorylates Rpt3-Thr25, leading to enhanced substrate translocation and degradation. Importantly, loss of the single phosphorylation of Rpt3-Thr25 or knockout of DYRK2 significantly inhibits tumour formation by proteasome-addicted human breast cancer cells in mice. These findings define an important mechanism for proteasome regulation and demonstrate the biological significance of proteasome phosphorylation in regulating cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Sourav Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Lan Huang
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Jack E. Dixon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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33
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Mammalian proteasome subtypes: Their diversity in structure and function. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 591:132-40. [PMID: 26724758 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 20S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase catalysing the degradation of the majority of intracellular proteins. Thereby it is involved in almost all basic cellular processes, which is facilitated by its association with various regulator complexes so that it appears in different disguises like 26S proteasome, hybrid-proteasome and others. The 20S proteasome has a cylindrical structure built up by four stacked rings composed of α- and β-subunits. Since the three active site-containing β-subunits can all or in part be replaced by immuno-subunits, three main subpopulations exist, namely standard-, immuno- and intermediate-proteasomes. Due to posttranslational modifications or/and genetic variations all α- and β-subunits occur in multiple iso- or proteoforms. This leads to the fact that each of the three subpopulations is composed of a variety of 20S proteasome subtypes. This review summarizes the knowledge of proteasome subtypes in mammalian cells and tissues and their possible biological and medical relevancy.
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34
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A High Affinity hRpn2-Derived Peptide That Displaces Human Rpn13 from Proteasome in 293T Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140518. [PMID: 26466095 PMCID: PMC4605517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rpn13 is a proteasome ubiquitin receptor that has emerged as a therapeutic target for human cancers. Its ubiquitin-binding activity is confined to an N-terminal Pru (pleckstrin-like receptor for ubiquitin) domain that also docks it into the proteasome, while its C-terminal DEUBAD (DEUBiquitinase ADaptor) domain recruits deubiquitinating enzyme Uch37 to the proteasome. Bis-benzylidine piperidone derivatives that were found to bind covalently to Rpn13 C88 caused the accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins as well as ER stress-related apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, including bortezomib-resistant multiple myeloma lines. We find that a 38-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminus of proteasome PC repeat protein hRpn2/PSMD1 binds to hRpn13 Pru domain with 12 nM affinity. By using NMR, we identify the hRpn13-interacting amino acids in this hRpn2 fragment, some of which are conserved among eukaryotes. Importantly, we find the hRpn2-derived peptide to immunoprecipitate endogenous Rpn13 from 293T cells, and to displace it from the proteasome. These findings indicate that this region of hRpn2 is the primary binding site for hRpn13 in the proteasome. Moreover, the hRpn2-derived peptide was no longer able to interact with endogenous hRpn13 when a strictly conserved phenylalanine (F948 in humans) was replaced with arginine or a stop codon, or when Y950 and I951 were substituted with aspartic acid. Finally, over-expression of the hRpn2-derived peptide leads to an increased presence of ubiquitinated proteins in 293T cells. We propose that this hRpn2-derived peptide could be used to develop peptide-based strategies that specifically target hRpn13 function in the proteasome.
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Wang Z, Dove P, Wang X, Shamas-Din A, Li Z, Nachman A, Oh YJ, Hurren R, Ruschak A, Climie S, Press B, Griffin C, Undzys E, Aman A, Al-awar R, Kay LE, O'Neill D, Trudel S, Slassi M, Schimmer AD. FV-162 is a novel, orally bioavailable, irreversible proteasome inhibitor with improved pharmacokinetics displaying preclinical efficacy with continuous daily dosing. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1815. [PMID: 26158521 PMCID: PMC4650734 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Approved proteasome inhibitors have advanced the treatment of multiple myeloma but are associated with serious toxicities, poor pharmacokinetics, and most with the inconvenience of intravenous administration. We therefore sought to identify novel orally bioavailable proteasome inhibitors with a continuous daily dosing schedule and improved therapeutic window using a unique drug discovery platform. We employed a fluorine-based medicinal chemistry technology to synthesize 14 novel analogs of epoxyketone-based proteasome inhibitors and screened them for their stability, ability to inhibit the chymotrypsin-like proteasome, and antimyeloma activity in vitro. The tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic activity, and antimyeloma efficacy of our lead candidate were examined in NOD/SCID mice. We identified a tripeptide epoxyketone, FV-162, as a metabolically stable, potent proteasome inhibitor cytotoxic to human myeloma cell lines and primary myeloma cells. FV-162 had limited toxicity and was well tolerated on a continuous daily dosing schedule. Compared with the benchmark oral irreversible proteasome inhibitor, ONX-0192, FV-162 had a lower peak plasma concentration and longer half-life, resulting in a larger area under the curve (AUC). Oral FV-162 treatment induced rapid, irreversible inhibition of chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity in murine red blood cells and inhibited tumor growth in a myeloma xenograft model. Our data suggest that oral FV-162 with continuous daily dosing schedule displays a favorable safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic profile in vivo, identifying it as a promising lead for clinical evaluation in myeloma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- 1] Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Fluorinov Pharma Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Dove
- Fluorinov Pharma Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - X Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Shamas-Din
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Z Li
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Nachman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Y J Oh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Hurren
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Ruschak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Climie
- Fluorinov Pharma Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B Press
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Griffin
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Undzys
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Aman
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Al-awar
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L E Kay
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D O'Neill
- 1] Fluorinov Pharma Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Trudel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Slassi
- Fluorinov Pharma Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A D Schimmer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Zuo EW, Yang XG, Lu YQ, Xie L, Shang JH, Li D, Yang H, Hu LL, Zhao HM, Lu SS, Lu KH. ZPAC is required for normal spermatogenesis in mice. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:747-55. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Er-Wei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Xiao-Gan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Yang-Qing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
- Regenerative Bioscience Center; Department of Animal and Dairy Science; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Long Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Jiang-Hua Shang
- Buffalo Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Nanning Guangxi 530001 China
| | - Di Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Lin-Lin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Hui-Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Sheng-Sheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Ke-Huan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
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Schumacher MM, Elsabrouty R, Seemann J, Jo Y, DeBose-Boyd RA. The prenyltransferase UBIAD1 is the target of geranylgeraniol in degradation of HMG CoA reductase. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25742604 PMCID: PMC4374513 DOI: 10.7554/elife.05560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schnyder corneal dystrophy (SCD) is an autosomal dominant disorder in humans characterized by abnormal accumulation of cholesterol in the cornea. SCD-associated mutations have been identified in the gene encoding UBIAD1, a prenyltransferase that synthesizes vitamin K2. Here, we show that sterols stimulate binding of UBIAD1 to the cholesterol biosynthetic enzyme HMG CoA reductase, which is subject to sterol-accelerated, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation augmented by the nonsterol isoprenoid geranylgeraniol through an unknown mechanism. Geranylgeraniol inhibits binding of UBIAD1 to reductase, allowing its degradation and promoting transport of UBIAD1 from the ER to the Golgi. CRISPR-CAS9-mediated knockout of UBIAD1 relieves the geranylgeraniol requirement for reductase degradation. SCD-associated mutations in UBIAD1 block its displacement from reductase in the presence of geranylgeraniol, thereby preventing degradation of reductase. The current results identify UBIAD1 as the elusive target of geranylgeraniol in reductase degradation, the inhibition of which may contribute to accumulation of cholesterol in SCD. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05560.001 People with a rare genetic disorder called ‘Schnyder corneal dystrophy’ gradually lose their vision, because their corneas become increasingly cloudy. This cloudiness is caused by a build-up of excessive amounts of cholesterol, and the disorder itself is caused by mutations in a gene that encodes a protein called UBIAD1. Researchers have previously discovered that the UBIAD1 protein is involved in making vitamin K2, but it is not clear how this protein also helps to control cholesterol levels in the cornea. An enzyme called HMG CoA reductase makes a molecule that is used to make cholesterol and many other similar sterol molecules. A ‘feedback loop’ operates in cells to control the amount of the reductase and prevent cholesterol from becoming too high or too low. Sterol molecules, together with another molecule called geranylgeraniol, participate in this feedback loop by promoting the destruction of the reductase enzyme. Here, Schumacher et al. reveal a link between UBIAD1 and the reductase that may explain how UBIAD1 contributes to the production of excess cholesterol in patients with Schnyder corneal dystrophy. The experiments show that, in the presence of sterol molecules, UBIAD1 can bind to HMG CoA reductase to protect the reductase from being destroyed by other proteins. Geranylgeraniol—which stops the UBIAD1 protein from binding to the enzyme—is required to completely destroy the reductase enzyme. However, when UBIAD1 is missing, the reductase enzyme is destroyed even in the absence of geranylgeraniol. Furthermore, the experiments show that the genetic mutations linked to Schnyder corneal dystrophy lead to the production of versions of the UBIAD1 protein that bind to the reductase enzyme even when geranylgeraniol molecules are present. This prevents the normal breakdown of the reductase enzyme, which could lead to the build up of cholesterol in the cornea of individuals with the disorder. Schumacher et al.'s findings show that the UBIAD1 protein helps to control the levels of cholesterol in cells by protecting the HMG CoA reductase enzyme from destruction. These findings may aid the development of new therapies to lower cholesterol levels in cells, which may help patients with Schnyder's corneal dystrophy and other conditions caused by high cholesterol levels. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05560.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc M Schumacher
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Rania Elsabrouty
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Joachim Seemann
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Youngah Jo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Russell A DeBose-Boyd
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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Cui Z, Scruggs SB, Gilda JE, Ping P, Gomes AV. Regulation of cardiac proteasomes by ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and beyond. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 71:32-42. [PMID: 24140722 PMCID: PMC3990655 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the major intracellular degradation system, and its proper function is critical to the health and function of cardiac cells. Alterations in cardiac proteasomes have been linked to several pathological phenotypes, including cardiomyopathies, ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and hypertrophy. Defects in proteasome-dependent cellular protein homeostasis can be causal for the initiation and progression of certain cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that the UPS can specifically target proteins that govern pathological signaling pathways for degradation, thus altering downstream effectors and disease outcomes. Alterations in UPS-substrate interactions in disease occur, in part, due to direct modifications of 19S, 11S or 20S proteasome subunits. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are one facet of this proteasomal regulation, with over 400 known phosphorylation sites, over 500 ubiquitination sites and 83 internal lysine acetylation sites, as well as multiple sites for caspase cleavage, glycosylation (such as O-GlcNAc modification), methylation, nitrosylation, oxidation, and SUMOylation. Changes in cardiac proteasome PTMs, which occur in ischemia and cardiomyopathies, are associated with changes in proteasome activity and proteasome assembly; however several features of this regulation remain to be explored. In this review, we focus on how some of the less common PTMs affect proteasome function and alter cellular protein homeostasis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Protein Quality Control, the Ubiquitin Proteasome System, and Autophagy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyou Cui
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA
| | - Sarah B Scruggs
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer E Gilda
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA
| | - Peipei Ping
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Morris LL, Hartman IZ, Jun DJ, Seemann J, DeBose-Boyd RA. Sequential actions of the AAA-ATPase valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97 and the proteasome 19 S regulatory particle in sterol-accelerated, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19053-66. [PMID: 24860107 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.576652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) of the cholesterol biosynthetic enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase results from its sterol-induced binding to ER membrane proteins called Insig-1 and Insig-2. This binding allows for subsequent ubiquitination of reductase by Insig-associated ubiquitin ligases. Once ubiquitinated, reductase becomes dislocated from ER membranes into the cytosol for degradation by 26 S proteasomes through poorly defined reactions mediated by the AAA-ATPase valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97 and augmented by the nonsterol isoprenoid geranylgeraniol. Here, we report that the oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol and geranylgeraniol combine to trigger extraction of reductase across ER membranes prior to its cytosolic release. This conclusion was drawn from studies utilizing a novel assay that measures membrane extraction of reductase by determining susceptibility of a lumenal epitope in the enzyme to in vitro protease digestion. Susceptibility of the lumenal epitope to protease digestion and thus membrane extraction of reductase were tightly regulated by 25-hydroxycholesterol and geranylgeraniol. The reaction was inhibited by RNA interference-mediated knockdown of either Insigs or VCP/p97. In contrast, reductase continued to become membrane-extracted, but not cytosolically dislocated, in cells deficient for AAA-ATPases of the proteasome 19 S regulatory particle. These findings establish sequential roles for VCP/p97 and the 19 S regulatory particle in the sterol-accelerated ERAD of reductase that may be applicable to the ERAD of other substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Russell A DeBose-Boyd
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9046
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