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Zhang J, Lei Z, Huang Z, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Luo Z, Zeng W, Su J, Peng C, Chen X. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) suppresses melanoma cell growth and metastasis by targeting TRAF6 activity. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79557-79571. [PMID: 27791197 PMCID: PMC5346735 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAF6 (TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that contains a Ring domain, induces K63-linked polyubiquitination, and plays a critical role in signaling transduction. Our previous results demonstrated that TRAF6 is overexpressed in melanoma and that TRAF6 knockdown dramatically attenuates tumor cell growth and metastasis. In this study, we found that EGCG can directly bind to TRAF6, and a computational model of the interaction between EGCG and TRAF6 revealed that EGCG probably interacts with TRAF6 at the residues of Gln54, Gly55, Asp57 ILe72, Cys73 and Lys96. Among these amino acids, mutation of Gln54, Asp57, ILe72 in TRAF6 could destroy EGCG bound to TRAF6, furthermore, our results demonstrated that EGCG significantly attenuates interaction between TRAF6 and UBC13(E2) and suppresses TRAF6 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the phosphorylation of IκBα, p-TAK1 expression are decreased and the nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 is blocked by treatment with EGCG, leading to inactivation of the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, EGCG significantly inhibits cell growth as well as the migration and invasion of melanoma cells. Taken together, these findings show that EGCG is a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibitor that could be used to target TRAF6 for chemotherapy or the prevention of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Zhang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhou Lei
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Youyou Zhou
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongling Luo
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weiqi Zeng
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Su
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Peng
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Shrivastav M, Niewold TB. Nucleic Acid sensors and type I interferon production in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2013; 4:319. [PMID: 24109483 PMCID: PMC3791549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristic serologic feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is autoantibodies against one’s own nucleic acid or nucleic acid-binding proteins – DNA and RNA-binding nuclear proteins. Circulating autoantibodies can deposit in the tissue, causing inflammation and production of cytokines such as type 1 interferon (IFN). Investigations in human patients and animal models have implicated environmental as well as genetic factors in the biology of the SLE autoimmune response. Viral/Bacterial nucleic acid is a potent stimulant of innate immunity by both toll-like receptor (TLR) and non-TLR signaling cascades. Additionally, foreign DNA may act as an immunogen to drive an antigen-specific antibody response. Self nucleic acid is normally restricted to the nucleus or the mitochondria, away from the DNA/RNA sensors, and mechanisms exist to differentiate between foreign and self nucleic acid. In normal immunity, a diverse range of DNA and RNA sensors in different cell types form a dynamic and integrated molecular network to prevent viral infection. In SLE, pathologic activation of these sensors occurs via immune complexes consisting of autoantibodies bound to DNA or to nucleic acid-protein complexes. In this review, we will discuss recent studies outlining how mismanaged nucleic acid sensing networks promote autoimmunity and result in the over-production of type I IFN. This information is critical for improving therapeutic strategies for SLE disease.
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4
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Toll-like receptors in systemic lupus erythematosus: potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013; 12:1-7. [PMID: 22086298 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-011-0234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have attracted increased attention in recent years, not only for their role in sensing conserved microbial components, but also in the realm of autoimmunity. Although TLRs are most widely known for their capacity to detect conserved motifs of infectious agents, mounting evidence indicates that these innate receptors also promote autoimmune conditions by causing uncontrolled autoinflammation as a result of chronic recognition of self. In response to the need for modern approaches to treatment of autoimmune diseases, several groups have begun investigating ways to target TLRs as new therapeutic options for autoimmune conditions. Here we discuss recent data describing advances in TLRs as therapeutic targets for treatment of autoimmune diseases, with a focus on systemic lupus erythematosus.
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5
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Arcipowski KM, Stunz LL, Graham JP, Kraus ZJ, Bush TJV, Bishop GA. Molecular mechanisms of TNFR-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) utilization by the oncogenic viral mimic of CD40, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). J Biol Chem 2011; 286:9948-55. [PMID: 21262968 PMCID: PMC3060549 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.185983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), encoded by Epstein-Barr virus, is required for EBV-mediated B cell transformation and plays a significant role in the development of posttransplant B cell lymphomas. LMP1 has also been implicated in exacerbation of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. LMP1 is a constitutively active functional mimic of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member CD40, utilizing tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) adaptor proteins to induce signaling. However, LMP1-mediated B cell activation is amplified and sustained compared with CD40. We have previously shown that LMP1 and CD40 use TRAFs 1, 2, 3, and 5 differently. TRAF6 is important for CD40 signaling, but the role of TRAF6 in LMP1 signaling in B cells is not clear. Although TRAF6 binds directly to CD40, TRAF6 interaction with LMP1 in B cells has not been characterized. Here we tested the hypothesis that TRAF6 is a critical regulator of LMP1 signaling in B cells, either as part of a receptor-associated complex and/or as a cytoplasmic adaptor protein. Using TRAF6-deficient B cells, we determined that TRAF6 was critical for LMP1-mediated B cell activation. Although CD40-mediated TRAF6-dependent signaling does not require the TRAF6 receptor-binding domain, we found that LMP1 signaling required the presence of this domain. Furthermore, TRAF6 was recruited to the LMP1 signaling complex via the TRAF1/2/3/5 binding site within the cytoplasmic domain of LMP1.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/virology
- CD40 Antigens/genetics
- CD40 Antigens/immunology
- CD40 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Viral/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Viral/immunology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/metabolism
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/virology
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Mimicry/genetics
- Molecular Mimicry/immunology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6/genetics
- TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6/immunology
- TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6/metabolism
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
- Viral Matrix Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Arcipowski
- From the Interdisciplinary Graduate Programs in Molecular and Cellular Biology and
| | | | | | | | | | - Gail A. Bishop
- From the Interdisciplinary Graduate Programs in Molecular and Cellular Biology and
- Immunology and
- the Departments of Microbiology and
- Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and
- the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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Targeting Toll-like receptors for treatment of SLE. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20886024 PMCID: PMC2945668 DOI: 10.1155/2010/498980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important innate immune receptors for the identification and clearance of invading pathogens. Twelve TLRs that recognize various conserved components of microorganisms are currently known. Among these, the endosomal TLRs 3, 7/8, and 9 recognize dsRNA, ssRNA, and CpG DNA, respectively. Nucleic acid-sensing TLRs, TLR 7 in particular, have been implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are thought to exacerbate disease pathology. Activation of these TLRs results in the production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferon. Genome-wide association studies, single nucleotide polymorphism analyses as well as experimental mouse models have provided evidence of TLR signaling involvement in SLE and other autoimmune diseases. Since activation of these receptor pathways promotes autoimmune phenotypes, inhibitory drugs that target these pathways constitute important new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of systemic autoimmunity.
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7
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Wang KZQ, Galson DL, Auron PE. TRAF6 is autoinhibited by an intramolecular interaction which is counteracted by trans-ubiquitination. J Cell Biochem 2010; 110:763-71. [PMID: 20512936 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor (TRAF) class of intracellular signal transducers is responsible for mediating many of the activation events initiated by TNF receptor (TNFR) and Toll-like/Interleukin-1, -17, and -18 receptor (TIR) families. Investigation of the mechanism by which TRAF6 is activated has demonstrated that two critical domains of the molecule required for activation and downstream signaling are involved in an interaction which renders the molecule inactive and structurally closed, as well as incapable of auto-ubiquitination. Contrary to its assumed role as a direct mediator of protein-protein interaction, TRAF auto-ubiquitination is a means of sustaining an open conformation active in downstream signaling. Furthermore, the inferred cis-function of TRAF auto-ubiquitination is now demonstrated to act in trans and requires both the RING-Zinc (RZ) fingers region and coiled-coil domain. We also observed that both the RZ fingers region and the MATH domain are targets for ubiquitination. Although TRAF6 ubiquitination has emerged as a hallmark of activation, trans-ubiquitination induced by two TRAF6 muteins is insufficient for NF-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Z Q Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
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