1
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Zhou Z, Arroum T, Luo X, Kang R, Lee YJ, Tang D, Hüttemann M, Song X. Diverse functions of cytochrome c in cell death and disease. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:387-404. [PMID: 38521844 PMCID: PMC11043370 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The redox-active protein cytochrome c is a highly positively charged hemoglobin that regulates cell fate decisions of life and death. Under normal physiological conditions, cytochrome c is localized in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, and its distribution can extend to the cytosol, nucleus, and extracellular space under specific pathological or stress-induced conditions. In the mitochondria, cytochrome c acts as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain, facilitating adenosine triphosphate synthesis, regulating cardiolipin peroxidation, and influencing reactive oxygen species dynamics. Upon cellular stress, it can be released into the cytosol, where it interacts with apoptotic peptidase activator 1 (APAF1) to form the apoptosome, initiating caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death. Additionally, following exposure to pro-apoptotic compounds, cytochrome c contributes to the survival of drug-tolerant persister cells. When translocated to the nucleus, it can induce chromatin condensation and disrupt nucleosome assembly. Upon its release into the extracellular space, cytochrome c may act as an immune mediator during cell death processes, highlighting its multifaceted role in cellular biology. In this review, we explore the diverse structural and functional aspects of cytochrome c in physiological and pathological responses. We summarize how posttranslational modifications of cytochrome c (e.g., phosphorylation, acetylation, tyrosine nitration, and oxidation), binding proteins (e.g., HIGD1A, CHCHD2, ITPR1, and nucleophosmin), and mutations (e.g., G41S, Y48H, and A51V) affect its function. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the latest advanced technologies utilized for detecting cytochrome c, along with potential therapeutic approaches related to this protein. These strategies hold tremendous promise in personalized health care, presenting opportunities for targeted interventions in a wide range of conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Xu Luo
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yong J Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Xinxin Song
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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2
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Shumyantseva VV, Agafonova LE, Bulko TV, Kuzikov AV, Masamrekh RA, Yuan J, Pergushov DV, Sigolaeva LV. Electroanalysis of Biomolecules: Rational Selection of Sensor Construction. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:S140-S151. [PMID: 33827405 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921140108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Methods of electrochemical analysis of biological objects based on the reaction of electro-oxidation/electro-reduction of molecules are presented. Polymer nanocomposite materials that modify electrodes to increase sensitivity of electrochemical events on the surface of electrodes are described. Examples of applications electrochemical biosensors constructed with nanocomposite material for detection of biological molecules are presented, advantages and drawbacks of different applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V Shumyantseva
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119992, Russia. .,Department of Biochemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Lubov E Agafonova
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Bulko
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Alexey V Kuzikov
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119992, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Rami A Masamrekh
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119992, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Dmitry V Pergushov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117991, Russia
| | - Larisa V Sigolaeva
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119992, Russia.,Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117991, Russia
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3
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Elena-Real CA, González-Arzola K, Pérez-Mejías G, Díaz-Quintana A, Velázquez-Campoy A, Desvoyes B, Gutiérrez C, De la Rosa MA, Díaz-Moreno I. Proposed mechanism for regulation of H 2 O 2 -induced programmed cell death in plants by binding of cytochrome c to 14-3-3 proteins. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:74-85. [PMID: 33354856 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is crucial for development and homeostasis of all multicellular organisms. In human cells, the double role of extra-mitochondrial cytochrome c in triggering apoptosis and inhibiting survival pathways is well reported. In plants, however, the specific role of cytochrome c upon release from the mitochondria remains in part veiled yet death stimuli do trigger cytochrome c translocation as well. Here, we identify an Arabidopsis thaliana 14-3-3ι isoform as a cytosolic cytochrome c target and inhibitor of caspase-like activity. This finding establishes the 14-3-3ι protein as a relevant factor at the onset of plant H2 O2 -induced PCD. The in vivo and in vitro studies herein reported reveal that the interaction between cytochrome c and 14-3-3ι exhibits noticeable similarities with the complex formed by their human orthologues. Further analysis of the heterologous complexes between human and plant cytochrome c with plant 14-3-3ι and human 14-3-3ε isoforms corroborated common features. These results suggest that cytochrome c blocks p14-3-3ι so as to inhibit caspase-like proteases, which in turn promote cell death upon H2 O2 treatment. Besides establishing common biochemical features between human and plant PCD, this work sheds light onto the signaling networks of plant cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Elena-Real
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) e Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Americo Vespucio 49, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Katiuska González-Arzola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) e Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Americo Vespucio 49, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Pérez-Mejías
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) e Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Americo Vespucio 49, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) e Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Americo Vespucio 49, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Adrián Velázquez-Campoy
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Units IQFR-CSIC-BIFI, and GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Fundacion ARAID, Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Bénédicte Desvoyes
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Crisanto Gutiérrez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miguel A De la Rosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) e Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Americo Vespucio 49, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) e Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Americo Vespucio 49, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
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4
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Demicheli V, Tomasina F, Sastre S, Zeida A, Tórtora V, Lima A, Batthyány C, Radi R. Cardiolipin interactions with cytochrome c increase tyrosine nitration yields and site-specificity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 703:108824. [PMID: 33675813 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between cytochrome c and cardiolipin is a relevant process in the mitochondrial redox homeostasis, playing roles in the mechanism of electron transfer to cytochrome c oxidase and also modulating cytochrome c conformation, reactivity and function. Peroxynitrite is a widespread nitrating agent formed in mitochondria under oxidative stress conditions, and can result in the formation of tyrosine nitrated cytochrome c. Some of the nitro-cytochrome c species undergo conformational changes at physiological pH and increase its peroxidase activity. In this work we evaluated the influence of cardiolipin on peroxynitrite-mediated cytochrome c nitration yields and site-specificity. Our results show that cardiolipin enhances cytochrome c nitration by peroxynitrite and targets it to heme-adjacent Tyr67. Cytochrome c nitration also modifies the affinity of protein with cardiolipin. Using a combination of experimental techniques and computer modeling, it is concluded that structural modifications in the Tyr67 region are responsible for the observed changes in protein-derived radical and tyrosine nitration levels, distribution of nitrated proteoforms and affinity to cardiolipin. Increased nitration of cytochrome c in presence of cardiolipin within mitochondria and the gain of peroxidatic activity could then impact events such as the onset of apoptosis and other processes related to the disruption of mitochondrial redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Demicheli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Tomasina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Sastre
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ari Zeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Tórtora
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Analía Lima
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Batthyány
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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5
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Pérez-Mejías G, Olloqui-Sariego JL, Guerra-Castellano A, Díaz-Quintana A, Calvente JJ, Andreu R, De la Rosa MA, Díaz-Moreno I. Physical contact between cytochrome c1 and cytochrome c increases the driving force for electron transfer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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6
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Guerra-Castellano A, Márquez I, Pérez-Mejías G, Díaz-Quintana A, De la Rosa MA, Díaz-Moreno I. Post-Translational Modifications of Cytochrome c in Cell Life and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8483. [PMID: 33187249 PMCID: PMC7697256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, whilst their malfunction is related to several human pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and various types of cancer. In mitochondrial metabolism, cytochrome c is a small soluble heme protein that acts as an essential redox carrier in the respiratory electron transport chain. However, cytochrome c is likewise an essential protein in the cytoplasm acting as an activator of programmed cell death. Such a dual role of cytochrome c in cell life and death is indeed fine-regulated by a wide variety of protein post-translational modifications. In this work, we show how these modifications can alter cytochrome c structure and functionality, thus emerging as a control mechanism of cell metabolism but also as a key element in development and prevention of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (I.M.); (G.P.-M.); (A.D.-Q.); (M.A.D.l.R.)
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7
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Wheel and Deal in the Mitochondrial Inner Membranes: The Tale of Cytochrome c and Cardiolipin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6813405. [PMID: 32377304 PMCID: PMC7193304 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6813405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin oxidation and degradation by different factors under severe cell stress serve as a trigger for genetically encoded cell death programs. In this context, the interplay between cardiolipin and another mitochondrial factor—cytochrome c—is a key process in the early stages of apoptosis, and it is a matter of intense research. Cytochrome c interacts with lipid membranes by electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic effects. Experimental conditions (including pH, lipid composition, and post-translational modifications) determine which specific amino acid residues are involved in the interaction and influence the heme iron coordination state. In fact, up to four binding sites (A, C, N, and L), driven by different interactions, have been reported. Nevertheless, key aspects of the mechanism for cardiolipin oxidation by the hemeprotein are well established. First, cytochrome c acts as a pseudoperoxidase, a process orchestrated by tyrosine residues which are crucial for peroxygenase activity and sensitivity towards oxidation caused by protein self-degradation. Second, flexibility of two weakest folding units of the hemeprotein correlates with its peroxidase activity and the stability of the iron coordination sphere. Third, the diversity of the mode of interaction parallels a broad diversity in the specific reaction pathway. Thus, current knowledge has already enabled the design of novel drugs designed to successfully inhibit cardiolipin oxidation.
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8
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Oviedo-Rouco S, Perez-Bertoldi JM, Spedalieri C, Castro MA, Tomasina F, Tortora V, Radi R, Murgida DH. Electron transfer and conformational transitions of cytochrome c are modulated by the same dynamical features. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 680:108243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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9
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10
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Kalpage HA, Bazylianska V, Recanati MA, Fite A, Liu J, Wan J, Mantena N, Malek MH, Podgorski I, Heath EI, Vaishnav A, Edwards BF, Grossman LI, Sanderson TH, Lee I, Hüttemann M. Tissue-specific regulation of cytochrome c by post-translational modifications: respiration, the mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS, and apoptosis. FASEB J 2019; 33:1540-1553. [PMID: 30222078 PMCID: PMC6338631 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801417r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cyt c) plays a vital role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). In addition, it is a key regulator of apoptosis. Cyt c has multiple other functions including ROS production and scavenging, cardiolipin peroxidation, and mitochondrial protein import. Cyt c is tightly regulated by allosteric mechanisms, tissue-specific isoforms, and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Distinct residues of Cyt c are modified by PTMs, primarily phosphorylations, in a highly tissue-specific manner. These modifications downregulate mitochondrial ETC flux and adjust the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), to minimize reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under normal conditions. In pathologic and acute stress conditions, such as ischemia-reperfusion, phosphorylations are lost, leading to maximum ETC flux, ΔΨm hyperpolarization, excessive ROS generation, and the release of Cyt c. It is also the dephosphorylated form of the protein that leads to maximum caspase activation. We discuss the complex regulation of Cyt c and propose that it is a central regulatory step of the mammalian ETC that can be rate limiting in normal conditions. This regulation is important because it maintains optimal intermediate ΔΨm, limiting ROS generation. We examine the role of Cyt c PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, nitration, nitrosylation, and sulfoxidation and consider their potential biological significance by evaluating their stoichiometry.-Kalpage, H. A., Bazylianska, V., Recanati, M. A., Fite, A., Liu, J., Wan, J., Mantena, N., Malek, M. H., Podgorski, I., Heath, E. I., Vaishnav, A., Edwards, B. F., Grossman, L. I., Sanderson, T. H., Lee, I., Hüttemann, M. Tissue-specific regulation of cytochrome c by post-translational modifications: respiration, the mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasini A. Kalpage
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Viktoriia Bazylianska
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Maurice A. Recanati
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alemu Fite
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jenney Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nikhil Mantena
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Moh H. Malek
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth I. Heath
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Asmita Vaishnav
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian F. Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lawrence I. Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas H. Sanderson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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11
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Lin YW. Structure and function of heme proteins regulated by diverse post-translational modifications. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 641:1-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Alvarez-Paggi D, Hannibal L, Castro MA, Oviedo-Rouco S, Demicheli V, Tórtora V, Tomasina F, Radi R, Murgida DH. Multifunctional Cytochrome c: Learning New Tricks from an Old Dog. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13382-13460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damián Alvarez-Paggi
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Department
of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - María A. Castro
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Santiago Oviedo-Rouco
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Veronica Demicheli
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Veronica Tórtora
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Tomasina
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Daniel H. Murgida
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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13
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Interaction studies between periplasmic cytochromes provide insights into extracellular electron transfer pathways of Geobacter sulfurreducens. Biochem J 2017; 474:797-808. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20161022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Geobacter bacteria usually prevail among other microorganisms in soils and sediments where Fe(III) reduction has a central role. This reduction is achieved by extracellular electron transfer (EET), where the electrons are exported from the interior of the cell to the surrounding environment. Periplasmic cytochromes play an important role in establishing an interface between inner and outer membrane electron transfer components. In addition, periplasmic cytochromes, in particular nanowire cytochromes that contain at least 12 haem groups, have been proposed to play a role in electron storage in conditions of an environmental lack of electron acceptors. Up to date, no redox partners have been identified in Geobacter sulfurreducens, and concomitantly, the EET and electron storage mechanisms remain unclear. In this work, NMR chemical shift perturbation measurements were used to probe for an interaction between the most abundant periplasmic cytochrome PpcA and the dodecahaem cytochrome GSU1996, one of the proposed nanowire cytochromes in G. sulfurreducens. The perturbations on the haem methyl signals of GSU1996 and PpcA showed that the proteins form a transient redox complex in an interface that involves haem groups from two different domains located at the C-terminal of GSU1996. Overall, the present study provides for the first time a clear evidence for an interaction between periplasmic cytochromes that might be relevant for the EET and electron storage pathways in G. sulfurreducens.
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14
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Structural and functional characterization of phosphomimetic mutants of cytochrome c at threonine 28 and serine 47. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:387-95. [PMID: 26806033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein function is frequently modulated by post-translational modifications of specific residues. Cytochrome c, in particular, is phosphorylated in vivo at threonine 28 and serine 47. However, the effect of such modifications on the physiological functions of cytochrome c - namely, the transfer of electrons in the respiratory electron transport chain and the triggering of programmed cell death - is still unknown. Here we replace each of these two residues by aspartate, in order to mimic phosphorylation, and report the structural and functional changes in the resulting cytochrome c variants. We find that the T28D mutant causes a 30-mV decrease on the midpoint redox potential and lowers the affinity for the distal site of Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome c1 in complex III. Both the T28D and S47D variants display a higher efficiency as electron donors for the cytochrome c oxidase activity of complex IV. In both protein mutants, the peroxidase activity is significantly higher, which is related to the ability of cytochrome c to leave the mitochondria and reach the cytoplasm. We also find that both mutations at serine 47 (S47D and S47A) impair the ability of cytoplasmic cytochrome c to activate the caspases cascade, which is essential for triggering programmed cell death.
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15
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Hannibal L, Tomasina F, Capdevila DA, Demicheli V, Tórtora V, Alvarez-Paggi D, Jemmerson R, Murgida DH, Radi R. Alternative Conformations of Cytochrome c: Structure, Function, and Detection. Biochemistry 2016; 55:407-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Hannibal
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Center
for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, Freiburg D-79106, Germany
| | - Florencia Tomasina
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daiana A. Capdevila
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Demicheli
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Tórtora
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Damián Alvarez-Paggi
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ronald Jemmerson
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, MMC 196,
420 Delaware Street, Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Daniel H. Murgida
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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16
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Guerra-Castellano A, Díaz-Quintana A, Moreno-Beltrán B, López-Prados J, Nieto PM, Meister W, Staffa J, Teixeira M, Hildebrandt P, De la Rosa MA, Díaz-Moreno I. Mimicking Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Human Cytochrome c by the Evolved tRNA Synthetase Technique. Chemistry 2015; 21:15004-12. [PMID: 26329855 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of tyrosine 48 of cytochrome c is related to a wide range of human diseases due to the pleiotropic role of the heme-protein in cell life and death. However, the structural conformation and physicochemical properties of phosphorylated cytochrome c are difficult to study as its yield from cell extracts is very low and its kinase remains unknown. Herein, we report a high-yielding synthesis of a close mimic of phosphorylated cytochrome c, developed by optimization of the synthesis of the non-canonical amino acid p-carboxymethyl-L-phenylalanine (pCMF) and its efficient site-specific incorporation at position 48. It is noteworthy that the Y48pCMF mutation significantly destabilizes the Fe-Met bond in the ferric form of cytochrome c, thereby lowering the pKa value for the alkaline transition of the heme-protein. This finding reveals the differential ability of the phosphomimic protein to drive certain events. This modified cytochrome c might be an important tool to investigate the role of the natural protein following phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- IBVF - cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092 (Spain).
| | - Blas Moreno-Beltrán
- IBVF - cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092 (Spain)
| | - Javier López-Prados
- IIQ - cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092 (Spain)
| | - Pedro M Nieto
- IIQ - cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092 (Spain)
| | - Wiebke Meister
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Jana Staffa
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Miguel Teixeira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, António Xavier Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras (Portugal)
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Miguel A De la Rosa
- IBVF - cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092 (Spain)
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- IBVF - cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092 (Spain).
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17
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Moreno-Beltrán B, Díaz-Moreno I, González-Arzola K, Guerra-Castellano A, Velázquez-Campoy A, De la Rosa MA, Díaz-Quintana A. Respiratory complexes III and IV can each bind two molecules of cytochrome c at low ionic strength. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:476-83. [PMID: 25595453 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transient interactions of respiratory cytochrome c with complexes III and IV is herein investigated by using heterologous proteins, namely human cytochrome c, the soluble domain of plant cytochrome c1 and bovine cytochrome c oxidase. The binding molecular mechanisms of the resulting cross-complexes have been analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. Our data reveal that the two cytochrome c-involving adducts possess a 2:1 stoichiometry - that is, two cytochrome c molecules per adduct - at low ionic strength. We conclude that such extra binding sites at the surfaces of complexes III and IV can facilitate the turnover and sliding of cytochrome c molecules and, therefore, the electron transfer within respiratory supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blas Moreno-Beltrán
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain.
| | - Katiuska González-Arzola
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Alejandra Guerra-Castellano
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Adrián Velázquez-Campoy
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) - Joint Unit BIFI-IQFR (CSIC), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Fundacion ARAID, Government of Aragon, Maria de Luna 11, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A De la Rosa
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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18
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Franco MC, Estévez AG. Tyrosine nitration as mediator of cell death. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3939-50. [PMID: 24947321 PMCID: PMC11113622 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrotyrosine is used as a marker for the production of peroxynitrite and other reactive nitrogen species. For over 20 years the presence of nitrotyrosine was associated with cell death in multiple pathologies. Filling the gap between correlation and causality has proven to be a difficult task. Here, we discuss the evidence supporting tyrosine nitration as a specific posttranslational modification participating in the induction of cell death signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C. Franco
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827 USA
| | - Alvaro G. Estévez
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827 USA
- 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827 USA
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19
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Lin YW, Shu XG, Du KJ, Nie CM, Wen GB. Computational insight into nitration of human myoglobin. Comput Biol Chem 2014; 52:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J. G. Moura
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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21
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Bonini MG, Consolaro MEL, Hart PC, Mao M, de Abreu ALP, Master AM. Redox control of enzymatic functions: The electronics of life's circuitry. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:167-181. [PMID: 24668617 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The field of redox biology has changed tremendously over the past 20 years. Formerly regarded as bi-products of the aerobic metabolism exclusively involved in tissue damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are now recognized as active participants of cell signaling events in health and in disease. In this sense, ROS and the more recently defined reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are, just like hormones and second messengers, acting as fundamental orchestrators of cell signaling pathways. The chemical modification of enzymes by ROS and RNS (that result in functional enzymatic alterations) accounts for a considerable fraction of the transient and persistent perturbations imposed by variations in oxidant levels. Upregulation of ROS and RNS in response to stress is a common cellular response that foments adaptation to a variety of physiologic alterations (hypoxia, hyperoxia, starvation, and cytokine production). Frequently, these are beneficial and increase the organisms' resistance against subsequent acute stress (preconditioning). Differently, the sustained ROS/RNS-dependent rerouting of signaling produces irreversible alterations in cellular functioning, often leading to pathogenic events. Thus, the duration and reversibility of protein oxidations define whether complex organisms remain "electronically" healthy. Among the 20 essential amino acids, four are particularly susceptible to oxidation: cysteine, methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Here, we will critically review the mechanisms, implications, and repair systems involved in the redox modifications of these residues in proteins while analyzing well-characterized prototypic examples. Occasionally, we will discuss potential consequences of amino acid oxidation and speculate on the biologic necessity for such events in the context of adaptative redox signaling. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(3):167-181, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Programa de Biociencias Aplicadas a Farmacia (PBF), Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Marcia E L Consolaro
- Programa de Biociencias Aplicadas a Farmacia (PBF), Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Peter C Hart
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mao Mao
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andre Luelsdorf Pimenta de Abreu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Programa de Biociencias Aplicadas a Farmacia (PBF), Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Alyssa M Master
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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22
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Zaidi S, Hassan MI, Islam A, Ahmad F. The role of key residues in structure, function, and stability of cytochrome-c. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:229-55. [PMID: 23615770 PMCID: PMC11113841 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome-c (cyt-c), a multi-functional protein, plays a significant role in the electron transport chain, and thus is indispensable in the energy-production process. Besides being an important component in apoptosis, it detoxifies reactive oxygen species. Two hundred and eighty-five complete amino acid sequences of cyt-c from different species are known. Sequence analysis suggests that the number of amino acid residues in most mitochondrial cyts-c is in the range 104 ± 10, and amino acid residues at only few positions are highly conserved throughout evolution. These highly conserved residues are Cys14, Cys17, His18, Gly29, Pro30, Gly41, Asn52, Trp59, Tyr67, Leu68, Pro71, Pro76, Thr78, Met80, and Phe82. These are also known as "key residues", which contribute significantly to the structure, function, folding, and stability of cyt-c. The three-dimensional structure of cyt-c from ten eukaryotic species have been determined using X-ray diffraction studies. Structure analysis suggests that the tertiary structure of cyt-c is almost preserved along the evolutionary scale. Furthermore, residues of N/C-terminal helices Gly6, Phe10, Leu94, and Tyr97 interact with each other in a specific manner, forming an evolutionary conserved interface. To understand the role of evolutionary conserved residues on structure, stability, and function, numerous studies have been performed in which these residues were substituted with different amino acids. In these studies, structure deals with the effect of mutation on secondary and tertiary structure measured by spectroscopic techniques; stability deals with the effect of mutation on T m (midpoint of heat denaturation), ∆G D (Gibbs free energy change on denaturation) and folding; and function deals with the effect of mutation on electron transport, apoptosis, cell growth, and protein expression. In this review, we have compiled all these studies at one place. This compilation will be useful to biochemists and biophysicists interested in understanding the importance of conservation of certain residues throughout the evolution in preserving the structure, function, and stability in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Zaidi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025 India
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23
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Sanderson TH, Mahapatra G, Pecina P, Ji Q, Yu K, Sinkler C, Varughese A, Kumar R, Bukowski MJ, Tousignant RN, Salomon AR, Lee I, Hüttemann M. Cytochrome C is tyrosine 97 phosphorylated by neuroprotective insulin treatment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78627. [PMID: 24223835 PMCID: PMC3818486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in isolation techniques for cytochrome c (Cytc) have allowed us to discover post-translational modifications of this protein. We previously identified two distinct tyrosine phosphorylated residues on Cytc in mammalian liver and heart that alter its electron transfer kinetics and the ability to induce apoptosis. Here we investigated the phosphorylation status of Cytc in ischemic brain and sought to determine if insulin-induced neuroprotection and inhibition of Cytc release was associated with phosphorylation of Cytc. Using an animal model of global brain ischemia, we found a ∼50% decrease in neuronal death in the CA1 hippocampal region with post-ischemic insulin administration. This insulin-mediated increase in neuronal survival was associated with inhibition of Cytc release at 24 hours of reperfusion. To investigate possible changes in the phosphorylation state of Cytc we first isolated the protein from ischemic pig brain and brain that was treated with insulin. Ischemic brains demonstrated no detectable tyrosine phosphorylation. In contrast Cytc isolated from brains treated with insulin showed robust phosphorylation of Cytc, and the phosphorylation site was unambiguously identified as Tyr97 by immobilized metal affinity chromatography/nano-liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. We next confirmed these results in rats by in vivo application of insulin in the absence or presence of global brain ischemia and determined that Cytc Tyr97-phosphorylation is strongly induced under both conditions but cannot be detected in untreated controls. These data suggest a mechanism whereby Cytc is targeted for phosphorylation by insulin signaling, which may prevent its release from the mitochondria and the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gargi Mahapatra
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Petr Pecina
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Institute of Physiology and Center for Applied Genomics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Qinqin Ji
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Kebing Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Christopher Sinkler
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ashwathy Varughese
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rita Kumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Melissa J. Bukowski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Renee N. Tousignant
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Arthur R. Salomon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Díaz-Moreno I, García-Heredia JM, González-Arzola K, Díaz-Quintana A, De la Rosa MÁ. Recent Methodological Advances in the Analysis of Protein Tyrosine Nitration. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3095-102. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Hervás M, Bashir Q, Leferink NGH, Ferreira P, Moreno-Beltrán B, Westphal AH, Dίaz-Moreno I, Medina M, de la Rosa MA, Ubbink M, Navarro JA, van Berkel WJH. Communication between L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase and cytochromec. FEBS J 2013; 280:1830-40. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hervás
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis; CSIC and University of Sevilla; Spain
| | - Qamar Bashir
- Gorlaeus Laboratories; Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; The Netherlands
| | | | - Patricia Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems; University of Zaragoza; Spain
| | - Blas Moreno-Beltrán
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis; CSIC and University of Sevilla; Spain
| | | | - Irene Dίaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis; CSIC and University of Sevilla; Spain
| | - Milagros Medina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems; University of Zaragoza; Spain
| | - Miguel A. de la Rosa
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis; CSIC and University of Sevilla; Spain
| | - Marcellus Ubbink
- Gorlaeus Laboratories; Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; The Netherlands
| | - José A. Navarro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis; CSIC and University of Sevilla; Spain
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Gómez-Mingot M, Alcaraz LA, Heptinstall J, Donaire A, Piccioli M, Montiel V, Iniesta J. Electrochemical nitration of myoglobin at tyrosine 103: Structure and stability. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ly HK, Utesch T, Díaz-Moreno I, García-Heredia JM, De La Rosa MÁ, Hildebrandt P. Perturbation of the Redox Site Structure of Cytochrome c Variants upon Tyrosine Nitration. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:5694-702. [DOI: 10.1021/jp302301m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Khoa Ly
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. PC14, Straße
des 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tillmann Utesch
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. PC14, Straße
des 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Bioquímica
Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevialla-CSIC, Avda Americo Vespucio 49, Sevilla
41092, Spain
| | - José M. García-Heredia
- Instituto de Bioquímica
Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevialla-CSIC, Avda Americo Vespucio 49, Sevilla
41092, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel De La Rosa
- Instituto de Bioquímica
Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevialla-CSIC, Avda Americo Vespucio 49, Sevilla
41092, Spain
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. PC14, Straße
des 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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Díaz-Moreno I, Nieto PM, Del Conte R, Gairí M, García-Heredia JM, De la Rosa MA, Díaz-Quintana A. A Non-damaging Method to Analyze the Configuration and Dynamics of Nitrotyrosines in Proteins. Chemistry 2012; 18:3872-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cytochrome c signalosome in mitochondria. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2011; 40:1301-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-011-0774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Díaz-Moreno I, García-Heredia JM, Díaz-Quintana A, Teixeira M, De la Rosa MA. Nitration of tyrosines 46 and 48 induces the specific degradation of cytochrome c upon change of the heme iron state to high-spin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:1616-23. [PMID: 21967884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species (the so-called RNOS), which are well-known radicals formed in the mitochondria under nitro-oxidative cell stress, are responsible for nitration of tyrosines in a wide variety of proteins and, in particular, in cytochrome c (Cc). Only three out of the five tyrosine residues of human Cc, namely those at positions 67, 74 and 97, have been detected in vivo as nitrotyrosines. However, nitration of the two other tyrosines, namely those at positions 46 and 48, has never been detected in vivo despite they are both well-exposed to solvent. Here we investigate the changes in heme coordination and alkaline transition, along with the peroxidase activity and in cell degradation of Cc mutants in which all their tyrosine residues - with the only exception of that at position 46 or 48 - are replaced by phenylalanines. In Jurkat cell extracts devoid of proteases inhibitors, only the high-spin iron nitrated forms of these monotyrosine mutants are degraded. Altogether the resulting data suggest that nitration of tyrosines 46 and 48 makes Cc easily degradable upon turning the heme iron state to high-spin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Americo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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Tyrosine phosphorylation turns alkaline transition into a biologically relevant process and makes human cytochrome c behave as an anti-apoptotic switch. J Biol Inorg Chem 2011; 16:1155-68. [PMID: 21706253 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-011-0804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cc) is a key protein in cell life (respiration) and cell death (apoptosis). On the one hand, it serves as a mitochondrial redox carrier, transferring electrons between the membrane-embedded complexes III and IV. On the other hand, it acts as a cytoplasmic apoptosis-triggering agent, forming the apoptosome with apoptosis protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and activating the caspase cascade. The two functions of cytochrome c are finely tuned by the phosphorylation of tyrosines and, in particular, those located at positions 48 and 97. However, the specific cytochrome c-phosphorylating kinase is still unknown. To study the structural and functional changes induced by tyrosine phosphorylation in cytochrome c, we studied the two phosphomimetic mutants Y48E and Y97E, in which each tyrosine residue is replaced by glutamate. Such substitutions alter both the physicochemical features and the function of each mutant compared with the native protein. Y97E is significantly less stable than the WT species, whereas Y48E not only exhibits lower values for the alkaline transition pK (a) and the midpoint redox potential, but it also impairs Apaf-1-mediated caspase activation. Altogether, these findings suggest that the specific phosphorylation of Tyr48 makes cytochrome c act as an anti-apoptotic switch.
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Topography of tyrosine residues and their involvement in peroxidation of polyunsaturated cardiolipin in cytochrome c/cardiolipin peroxidase complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2147-55. [PMID: 21550335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Formation of cytochrome c (cyt c)/cardiolipin (CL) peroxidase complex selective toward peroxidation of polyunsaturated CLs is a pre-requisite for mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Tyrosine residues - via the generation of tyrosyl radicals (Tyr) - are likely reactive intermediates of the peroxidase cycle leading to CL peroxidation. We used mutants of horse heart cyt c in which each of the four Tyr residues was substituted for Phe and assessed their contribution to the peroxidase catalysis. Tyr67Phe mutation was associated with a partial loss of the oxygenase function of the cyt c/CL complex and the lowest concentration of H(2)O(2)-induced Tyr radicals in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra. Our MS experiments directly demonstrated decreased production of CL-hydroperoxides (CL-OOH) by Tyr67Phe mutant. Similarly, oxidation of a phenolic substrate, Amplex Red, was affected to a greater extent in Tyr67Phe than in three other mutants. Tyr67Phe mutant exerted high resistance to H(2)O(2)-induced oligomerization. Measurements of Tyr fluorescence, hetero-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and computer simulations position Tyr67 in close proximity to the porphyrin ring heme iron and one of the two axial heme-iron ligand residues, Met80. Thus, the highly conserved Tyr67 is a likely electron-donor (radical acceptor) in the oxygenase half-reaction of the cyt c/CL peroxidase complex.
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Martínez-Fábregas J, Rubio S, Díaz-Quintana A, Díaz-Moreno I, De la Rosa MÁ. Proteomic tools for the analysis of transient interactions between metalloproteins. FEBS J 2011; 278:1401-10. [PMID: 21352492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Metalloproteins play major roles in cell metabolism and signalling pathways. In many cases, they show moonlighting behaviour, acting in different processes, depending on the physiological state of the cell. To understand these multitasking proteins, we need to discover the partners with which they carry out such novel functions. Although many technological and methodological tools have recently been reported for the detection of protein interactions, specific approaches to studying the interactions involving metalloproteins are not yet well developed. The task is even more challenging for metalloproteins, because they often form short-lived complexes that are difficult to detect. In this review, we gather the different proteomic techniques and biointeractomic tools reported in the literature. All of them have shown their applicability to the study of transient and weak protein-protein interactions, and are therefore suitable for metalloprotein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Martínez-Fábregas
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain
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Dean S, Cox M, Heptinstall J, Walton DJ, Mikhailov VA, Cooper HJ, Gómez-Mingot M, Iniesta J. Nitration of lysozyme by ultrasonic waves; demonstration by immunochemistry and mass spectrometry. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2011; 18:334-344. [PMID: 20667761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Solutions containing hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and nitrite were exposed to ultrasonic irradiation in order to study the possible sonochemical modifications. This is the first demonstration of the nitration of tyrosine residues in a protein (lysozyme) by the use of an ultrasonic field alone. Sonochemically nitrated lysozyme was detected using the immunochemical techniques dot blot immunodetection and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sonically oxidised and nitrated protein solutions were analysed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. Hydroxylated species were found in the absence of nitrite, whereas nitration was the major modification in the presence of nitrating agent, implying a competing mechanism between hydroxyl radicals and nitrite. Circular dichroism (CD) indicated that the ultrasonic experimental conditions chosen in this study had little effect on the tertiary and secondary structures of HEWL. Whilst enzymatic assay showed that the presence of nitrite provided a protective effect on the inactivation of the protein under ultrasonic irradiation, nevertheless partially purified, sonically nitrated lysozyme showed a dramatic decrease in lytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie Dean
- Department of Biomolecular and Sport Science, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
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Gómez-Mingot M, Iniesta J, Montiel V, Kadara RO, Banks CE. Screen printed graphite macroelectrodes for the direct electron transfer of cytochrome c. Analyst 2011; 136:2146-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Pecina P, Borisenko GG, Belikova NA, Tyurina YY, Pecinova A, Lee I, Samhan-Arias AK, Przyklenk K, Kagan VE, Hüttemann M. Phosphomimetic Substitution of Cytochrome c Tyrosine 48 Decreases Respiration and Binding to Cardiolipin and Abolishes Ability to Trigger Downstream Caspase Activation. Biochemistry 2010; 49:6705-14. [DOI: 10.1021/bi100486s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Grigory G. Borisenko
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
- Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia A. Belikova
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | | | - Icksoo Lee
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics
| | - Alejandro K. Samhan-Arias
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | | | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
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Nitration of tyrosine 74 prevents human cytochrome c to play a key role in apoptosis signaling by blocking caspase-9 activation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:981-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Disruption of the M80-Fe ligation stimulates the translocation of cytochrome c to the cytoplasm and nucleus in nonapoptotic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:2653-8. [PMID: 19196960 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0809279106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Native cytochrome c (cyt c) has a compact tertiary structure with a hexacoordinated heme iron and functions in electron transport in mitochondria and apoptosis in the cytoplasm. However, the possibility that protein modifications confer additional functions to cyt c has not been explored. Disruption of methionine 80 (M80)-Fe ligation of cyt c under nitrative stress has been reported. To model this alteration and determine if it confers new properties to cyt c, a cyt c mutant (M80A) was constitutively expressed in cells. M80A-cyt c has increased peroxidase activity and is spontaneously released from mitochondria, translocating to the cytoplasm and nucleus in the absence of apoptosis. Moreover, M80A models endogenously nitrated cyt c because nitration of WT-cyt c is associated with its translocation to the cytoplasm and nucleus. Further, M80A cyt c may up-regulate protective responses to nitrative stress. Our findings raise the possibility that endogenous protein modifications that disrupt the M80-Fe ligation (such as tyrosine nitration) stimulate nuclear translocation and confer new functions to cyt c in nonapoptotic cells.
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