1
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Will M, Liang J, Metcalfe C, Chandarlapaty S. Therapeutic resistance to anti-oestrogen therapy in breast cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:673-685. [PMID: 37500767 PMCID: PMC10529099 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The hormone receptor oestrogen receptor-α (ER) orchestrates physiological mammary gland development, breast carcinogenesis and the progression of breast tumours into lethal, treatment-refractory systemic disease. Selective antagonism of ER signalling has been one of the most successful therapeutic approaches in oncology, benefiting patients as both a cancer preventative measure and a cancer treatment strategy. However, resistance to anti-oestrogen therapy is a major clinical challenge. Over the past decade, we have gained an understanding of how breast cancers evolve under the pressure of anti-oestrogen therapy. This is best depicted by the case of oestrogen-independent mutations in the gene encoding ER (ESR1), which are virtually absent in primary breast cancer but highly prevalent (20-40%) in anti-oestrogen-treated metastatic disease. These and other findings highlight the 'evolvability' of ER+ breast cancer and the need to understand molecular processes by which this evolution occurs. Recent development and approval of next-generation ER antagonists to target ESR1-mutant breast cancer underscores the clinical importance of this evolvability and sets a new paradigm for the treatment of ER+ breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Will
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jackson Liang
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ciara Metcalfe
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Harrod A, Lai CF, Goldsbrough I, Simmons GM, Oppermans N, Santos DB, Győrffy B, Allsopp RC, Toghill BJ, Balachandran K, Lawson M, Morrow CJ, Surakala M, Carnevalli LS, Zhang P, Guttery DS, Shaw JA, Coombes RC, Buluwela L, Ali S. Genome engineering for estrogen receptor mutations reveals differential responses to anti-estrogens and new prognostic gene signatures for breast cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:4905-4915. [PMID: 36198774 PMCID: PMC7613769 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the estrogen receptor (ESR1) gene are common in ER-positive breast cancer patients who progress on endocrine therapies. Most mutations localise to just three residues at, or near, the C-terminal helix 12 of the hormone binding domain, at leucine-536, tyrosine-537 and aspartate-538. To investigate these mutations, we have used CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome engineering to generate a comprehensive set of isogenic mutant breast cancer cell lines. Our results confirm that L536R, Y537C, Y537N, Y537S and D538G mutations confer estrogen-independent growth in breast cancer cells. Growth assays show mutation-specific reductions in sensitivities to drugs representing three classes of clinical anti-estrogens. These differential mutation- and drug-selectivity profiles have implications for treatment choices following clinical emergence of ER mutations. Our results further suggest that mutant expression levels may be determinants of the degree of resistance to some anti-estrogens. Differential gene expression analysis demonstrates up-regulation of estrogen-responsive genes, as expected, but also reveals that enrichment for interferon-regulated gene expression is a common feature of all mutations. Finally, a new gene signature developed from the gene expression profiles in ER mutant cells predicts clinical response in breast cancer patients with ER mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Harrod
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Chun-Fui Lai
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Georgia M Simmons
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Natasha Oppermans
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Daniela B Santos
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Balazs Győrffy
- Semmelweis University Department of Bioinformatics, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary and TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rebecca C Allsopp
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Bradley J Toghill
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Kirsty Balachandran
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mandy Lawson
- Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Christopher J Morrow
- Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Manasa Surakala
- Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Larissa S Carnevalli
- Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Pei Zhang
- Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0AA, UK
| | - David S Guttery
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Jacqueline A Shaw
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - R Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lakjaya Buluwela
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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3
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Wu S, Zhang W, Li W, Huang W, Kong Q, Chen Z, Wei W, Yan S. Dissecting the Protein Dynamics Coupled Ligand Binding with Kinetic Models and Single-Molecule FRET. Biochemistry 2022; 61:433-445. [PMID: 35226469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein-ligand interactions are crucial to many biological processes. Ligand binding and dissociation are the basic steps that allow proteins to function. Protein conformational dynamics have been shown to play important roles in ligand binding and dissociation. However, it is challenging to determine the ligand binding kinetics of dynamic proteins. Here, we undertook comprehensive single-molecule FRET (smFRET) measurements and kinetic model analysis to characterize the conformational dynamics coupled ligand binding of glutamine-binding protein (GlnBP). We showed that hinge and T118A mutations of GlnBP affect its conformational dynamics as well as the ligand binding affinity. Based on smFRET measurements, the kinetic model of ligand-GlnBP interactions was constructed. Using experimentally measured parameters, we solved the rate equations of the model and obtained the undetectable parameters of the model which allowed us to understand the ligand binding kinetics fully. Our results demonstrate that modulation of the conformational dynamics of GlnBP affects the ligand binding and dissociation rates. This study provides insights into the binding kinetics of ligands, which are related to the protein function itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenkang Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijuan Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
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4
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Patel JM, Jeselsohn RM. Estrogen Receptor Alpha and ESR1 Mutations in Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:171-194. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Martin EM, Orlando KA, Yokobori K, Wade PA. The estrogen receptor/GATA3/FOXA1 transcriptional network: lessons learned from breast cancer. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 71:65-70. [PMID: 34225008 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellular identity and physiologic function in mammary epithelial cells and in many breast cancers flow from the action of a network of master transcriptional regulators including estrogen receptor alpha, GATA3, and FOXA1. The last decade has seen the completion of multiple large sequencing projects focusing on breast cancer. These massive compendia of sequence data have provided a wealth of new information linking mutation in these transcription factors to alterations in tumor biology and transcriptional program. The emerging details on mutation in cancer, and direct experimental exploration of hypotheses based on it, are now providing a wealth of new information on the roles played by estrogen receptor alpha, GATA3, and FOXA1 in regulating gene transcription and how their combined action contributes to a network shaping cell function in both physiologic and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Martin
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 111 TW Alexander Drive, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Krystal A Orlando
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 111 TW Alexander Drive, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Kosuke Yokobori
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 111 TW Alexander Drive, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Paul A Wade
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 111 TW Alexander Drive, NC, 27707, USA.
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6
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Mayne CG, Toy W, Carlson KE, Bhatt T, Fanning SW, Greene GL, Katzenellenbogen BS, Chandarlapaty S, Katzenellenbogen JA, Tajkhorshid E. Defining the Energetic Basis for a Conformational Switch Mediating Ligand-Independent Activation of Mutant Estrogen Receptors in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1559-1570. [PMID: 34021071 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although most primary estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers respond well to endocrine therapies, many relapse later as metastatic disease due to endocrine therapy resistance. Over one third of these are associated with mutations in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) that activate the receptor independent of ligand. We have used an array of advanced computational techniques rooted in molecular dynamics simulations, in concert with and validated by experiments, to characterize the molecular mechanisms by which specific acquired somatic point mutations give rise to ER constitutive activation. By comparing structural and energetic features of constitutively active mutants and ligand-bound forms of ER-LBD with unliganded wild-type (WT) ER, we characterize a spring force originating from strain in the Helix 11-12 loop of WT-ER, opposing folding of Helix 12 into the active conformation and keeping WT-ER off and disordered, with the ligand-binding pocket open for rapid ligand binding. We quantify ways in which this spring force is abrogated by activating mutations that latch (Y537S) or relax (D538G) the folded form of the loop, enabling formation of the active conformation without ligand binding. We also identify a new ligand-mediated hydrogen-bonding network that stabilizes the active, ligand-bound conformation of WT-ER LBD, and similarly stabilizes the active conformation of the ER mutants in the hormone-free state. IMPLICATIONS: Our investigations provide deep insight into the energetic basis for the structural mechanisms of receptor activation through mutation, exemplified here with ER in endocrine-resistant metastatic breast cancers, with potential application to other dysregulated receptor signaling due to driver mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Mayne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Weiyi Toy
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, New York
| | - Kathryn E Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Trusha Bhatt
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, New York
| | - Sean W Fanning
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Geoffrey L Greene
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, New York
| | | | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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7
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Li Y, Coons LA, Houtman R, Carlson KE, Martin TA, Mayne CG, Melchers D, Jefferson TB, Ramsey JT, Katzenellenbogen JA, Korach KS. A mutant form of ERα associated with estrogen insensitivity affects the coupling between ligand binding and coactivator recruitment. Sci Signal 2020; 13:eaaw4653. [PMID: 32963012 PMCID: PMC7597377 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A homozygous missense mutation in the gene encoding the estrogen receptor α (ERα) was previously identified in a female patient with estrogen insensitivity syndrome. We investigated the molecular features underlying the impaired transcriptional response of this mutant (ERα-Q375H) and four other missense mutations at this position designed to query alternative mechanisms. The identity of residue 375 greatly affected the sensitivity of the receptor to agonists without changing the ligand binding affinity. Instead, the mutations caused changes in the affinity of coactivator binding and alterations in the balance of coactivator and corepressor recruitment. Comparisons among the transcriptional regulatory responses of these six ERα genotypes to a set of ER agonists showed that both steric and electrostatic factors contributed to the functional deficits in gene regulatory activity of the mutant ERα proteins. ERα-coregulator peptide binding in vitro and RIME (rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of endogenous) analysis in cells showed that the degree of functional impairment paralleled changes in receptor-coregulator binding interactions. These findings uncover coupling between ligand binding and coregulator recruitment that affects the potency rather than the efficacy of the receptor response without substantially altering ligand binding affinity. This highlights a molecular mechanism for estrogen insensitivity syndrome involving mutations that perturb a bidirectional allosteric coupling between ligand binding and coregulator binding that determines receptor transcriptional output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Laurel A Coons
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - René Houtman
- Precision Medicine Lab, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB, Oss, Netherlands
| | - Kathryn E Carlson
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Teresa A Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Christopher G Mayne
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Diana Melchers
- Precision Medicine Lab, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB, Oss, Netherlands
| | - Tanner B Jefferson
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - J Tyler Ramsey
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
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8
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Fontaine C, Buscato M, Vinel A, Giton F, Raymond-Letron I, Kim SH, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA, Gourdy P, Milon A, Flouriot G, Ohlsson C, Lenfant F, Arnal JF. The tissue-specific effects of different 17β-estradiol doses reveal the key sensitizing role of AF1 domain in ERα activity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 505:110741. [PMID: 32004676 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol (E2) action can be mediated by the full-length estrogen receptor alpha (ERα66), and also by the AF1 domain-deficient ERα (ERα46) isoform, but their respective sensitivity to E2 is essentially unknown. We first performed a dose response study using subcutaneous home-made pellets mimicking either metestrus, proestrus or a pharmacological doses of E2, which resulted in plasma concentrations around 3, 30 and 600 pM, respectively. Analysis of the uterus, vagina and bone after chronic exposure to E2 demonstrated dose-dependent effects, with a maximal response reached at the proestrus-dose in wild type mice expressing mainly ERα66. In contrast, in transgenic mice harbouring only an ERα deleted in AF1, these effects of E2 were either strongly shifted rightward (10-100-fold) and/or attenuated, depending on the tissue studied. Finally, experiments in different cell lines transfected with ERα66 or ERα46 also delineated varying profiles of ERα AF1 sensitivity to E2. Altogether, this work emphasizes the importance of dose in the tissue-specific actions of E2 and demonstrates the key sensitizing role of AF1 in ERα activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Fontaine
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Melissa Buscato
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Vinel
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Frank Giton
- INSERM IMRB U955 Eq07, Créteil, France; AP-HP, Pôle Biologie-Pathologie Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | | | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology, and of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology, and of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Biology, and of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Milon
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse - UPS, Toulouse, France
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9
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Lu Y, Gutgesell LM, Xiong R, Zhao J, Li Y, Rosales CI, Hollas M, Shen Z, Gordon-Blake J, Dye K, Wang Y, Lee S, Chen H, He D, Dubrovyskyii O, Zhao H, Huang F, Lasek AW, Tonetti DA, Thatcher GRJ. Design and Synthesis of Basic Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders for Endocrine Therapy Resistant Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2019; 62:11301-11323. [PMID: 31746603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The clinical steroidal selective estrogen receptor (ER) degrader (SERD), fulvestrant, is effective in metastatic breast cancer, but limited by poor pharmacokinetics, prompting the development of orally bioavailable, nonsteroidal SERDs, currently in clinical trials. These trials address local breast cancer as well as peripheral metastases, but patients with brain metastases are generally excluded because of the lack of blood-brain barrier penetration. A novel family of benzothiophene SERDs with a basic amino side arm (B-SERDs) was synthesized. Proteasomal degradation of ERα was induced by B-SERDs that achieved the objectives of oral and brain bioavailability, while maintaining high affinity binding to ERα and both potency and efficacy comparable to fulvestrant in cell lines resistant to endocrine therapy or bearing ESR1 mutations. A novel 3-oxyazetidine side chain was designed, leading to 37d, a B-SERD that caused endocrine-resistant ER+ tumors to regress in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 1601 W Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Donghong He
- Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 1601 W Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Amy W Lasek
- Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 1601 W Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | | | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 1601 W Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
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10
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Dairkee SH, Luciani-Torres G, Moore DH, Jaffee IM, Goodson WH. A Ternary Mixture of Common Chemicals Perturbs Benign Human Breast Epithelial Cells More Than the Same Chemicals Do Individually. Toxicol Sci 2019; 165:131-144. [PMID: 29846718 PMCID: PMC6135635 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a continuous source of hormonal stimulation, environmentally ubiquitous estrogenic chemicals, ie, xenoestrogens (XEs), are a potential risk factor for breast carcinogenesis. Given their wide distribution in the environment and the fact that bisphenol-A (BPA), methylparaben (MP), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are uniformly detected in unselected body fluid samples, it must be assumed that humans are simultaneously exposed to these chemicals almost daily. We studied the effects of a ternary mixture of BPA, MP, and PFOA on benign breast epithelial cells at the range of concentrations observed for single chemicals in human samples. Measurements of exposure impact relevant to the breast were based on endpoints associated with “hallmarks” of cancer and “key characteristics” of carcinogens. These included modulation of total estrogen receptor (ER)α, phosphorylated ERα (pERα), total ERβ, S-phase induction, and apoptotic evasion. Data from live cell measurements were fit to a log-linear dose-response model. Concentration-dependent reduction of ERβ and apoptosis evasion was observed concurrently with the induction of ERα, pERα, and S-phase fraction, and an increased rate of cell proliferation. Beyond additive effects predicted by the sum of individual test XEs, mixture treatment demonstrated synergism for the ERβ and apoptosis suppression phenotypes (p > .001). Nonmalignant breast cells were more sensitive than commonly used breast cancer lines to XE treatment in 3 of 5 endpoints. All observations were validated with cells isolated from the normal breast tissue of 14 individuals. At relatively low concentrations, a chemical mixture has striking effects on normal cell function that are missed by evaluation of single components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan H Moore
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute
| | - Ian M Jaffee
- Department of Pathology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94107
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11
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Synthesis and characterization of hydrogen peroxide activated estrogen receptor beta ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2075-2082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Kumar M, Salem K, Michel C, Jeffery JJ, Yan Y, Fowler AM. 18F-Fluoroestradiol PET Imaging of Activating Estrogen Receptor-α Mutations in Breast Cancer. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1247-1252. [PMID: 30850489 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.224667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of estrogen receptor-α gene (ESR1) mutations at the tyrosine (Y) 537 amino acid residue within the ligand binding domain on 18F-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) binding and in vivo tumor uptake compared with wild-type (WT)-estrogen receptor α (ER). Methods: ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were used to generate stable cell lines that express WT-ER, Y537S, or Y537C mutant ER. Receptor expression and localization were confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence, respectively. ER transcriptional function was measured using an estrogen response element-luciferase reporter gene assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of ER-regulated endogenous target genes. Saturation binding and competition assays were performed to determine equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. 18F-FES uptake was measured in tumor xenografts grown in female athymic nude mice by small-animal PET/CT imaging and tissue biodistribution using 5.55 MBq (150 μCi) of 18F-FES. A 10-fold-lower injected dose of 0.555 MBq (15 μCi) of 18F-FES was also used for tissue biodistribution. Statistical significance was determined using ANOVA. Results: Y537S and Y537C mutations resulted in increased ER transcriptional activity in the absence of estrogen compared with WT-ER (11.48 ± 2.42 fold; P = 0.0002, and 5.89 ± 0.94 fold; P = 0.04, respectively). Constitutive ER activation of two target genes (PGR and TFF1) in the absence of estrogen was also observed in Y537S- and Y537C-ER cells compared with WT-ER. Kd values for 18F-FES were 0.98 ± 0.54 nM for Y537S-ER (P = 0.27) and 0.24 ± 0.03 nM for Y537C-ER (P = 0.95) compared with 0.07 ± 0.03 nM for WT-ER. IC50 values were 0.22 ± 0.09 nM for Y537S-ER (P = 0.97), 0.18 ± 0.09 nM for Y537C-ER (P = 0.99), and 0.19 ± 0.11 nM for WT-ER. Tumor xenografts expressing Y537S-ER (mean percentage injected dose per gram, 1.45 ± 0.06; P = 0.77) and Y537C-ER (2.09 ± 0.20; P = 0.21) had similar 18F-FES uptake compared with WT-ER (1.68 ± 0.12). Comparable 18F-FES uptake between Y537S-, Y537C-, and WT-ER xenografts was also observed using a 10-fold-lower injected dose with the tissue biodistribution assay. Conclusion: Since tumoral uptake of 18F-FES is not significantly impacted by Y537S-ER or Y537C-ER mutations, the potential diagnostic utility of 18F-FES PET imaging is expected to be equally valid for patients with or without these activating ESR1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kelley Salem
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ciara Michel
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Justin J Jeffery
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Yongjun Yan
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amy M Fowler
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin .,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin; and.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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13
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Sharma A, Toy W, Guillen VS, Sharma N, Min J, Carlson KE, Mayne CG, Lin S, Sabio M, Greene G, Katzenellenbogen BS, Chandarlapaty S, Katzenellenbogen JA. Antagonists for Constitutively Active Mutant Estrogen Receptors: Insights into the Roles of Antiestrogen-Core and Side-Chain. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3374-3384. [PMID: 30404440 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A major risk for patients having estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer is the recurrence of drug-resistant metastases after initial successful treatment with endocrine therapies. Recent studies have implicated a number of activating mutations in the ligand-binding domain of ERα that stabilize the agonist conformation as a prominent mechanism for this acquired resistance. There are several critical gaps in our knowledge regarding the specific pharmacophore requirements of an antagonist that could effectively inhibit all or most of the different mutant ERs. To address this, we screened various chemotypes for blocking mutant ER-mediated transcriptional signaling and identified RU58668 as a model compound that contains structural elements that support potent ligand-induced inhibition of mutant ERs. We designed and synthesized a focused library of novel antagonists and probed how small and large perturbations in different ligand structural regions influenced inhibitory activity on individual mutant ERs in breast cancer cells. Effective inhibition derives from both nonpolar and moderately polar motifs in a multifunctional side chain of the antagonists, with the nature of the ligand core making important contributions by increasing the potency of ligands possessing similar types of side chains. Some of our new antagonists potently blocked the transcriptional activity of the three most common mutant ERs (L536R, Y537S, D538G) and inhibited mutant ER-mediated cell proliferation. Supported by our molecular modeling, these studies provide new insights into the role of specific components, involving both the ligand core and multifunctional side chain, in suppressing wild-type and mutant ER-mediated transcription and breast cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiyi Toy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Geoffrey Greene
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | | | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
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14
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Pollock JA, Sharma N, Ippagunta SK, Redecke V, Häcker H, Katzenellenbogen JA. Triaryl Pyrazole Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationships Governing Pan- and Selective Signaling Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2208-2216. [PMID: 30117269 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The immune system uses members of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family to recognize a variety of pathogen- and host-derived molecules in order to initiate immune responses. Although TLR-mediated, pro-inflammatory immune responses are essential for host defense, prolonged and exaggerated activation can result in inflammation pathology that manifests in a variety of diseases. Therefore, small-molecule inhibitors of the TLR signaling pathway might have promise as anti-inflammatory drugs. We previously identified a class of triaryl pyrazole compounds that inhibit TLR signaling by modulation of the protein-protein interactions essential to the pathway. We have now systematically examined the structural features essential for inhibition of this pathway, revealing characteristics of compounds that inhibited all TLRs tested (pan-TLR signaling inhibitors) as well as compounds that selectively inhibited certain TLRs. These findings reveal interesting classes of compounds that could be optimized for particular inflammatory diseases governed by different TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Pollock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, 28 Westhampton Way, Richmond, VA, 23173, USA
| | - Naina Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sirish K Ippagunta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.,Present address: Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Vanessa Redecke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Hans Häcker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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15
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Bononi G, Granchi C, Lapillo M, Giannotti M, Nieri D, Fortunato S, Boustani ME, Caligiuri I, Poli G, Carlson KE, Kim SH, Macchia M, Martinelli A, Rizzolio F, Chicca A, Katzenellenbogen JA, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T. Discovery of long-chain salicylketoxime derivatives as monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:817-836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Ippagunta SK, Pollock JA, Sharma N, Lin W, Chen T, Tawaratsumida K, High AA, Min J, Chen Y, Guy RK, Redecke V, Katzenellenbogen JA, Häcker H. Identification of Toll-like receptor signaling inhibitors based on selective activation of hierarchically acting signaling proteins. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/543/eaaq1077. [PMID: 30108181 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaq1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize various pathogen- and host tissue-derived molecules and initiate inflammatory immune responses. Exaggerated or prolonged TLR activation, however, can lead to etiologically diverse diseases, such as bacterial sepsis, metabolic and autoimmune diseases, or stroke. Despite the apparent medical need, no small-molecule drugs against TLR pathways are clinically available. This may be because of the complex signaling mechanisms of TLRs, which are governed by a series of protein-protein interactions initiated by Toll/interleukin-1 receptor homology domains (TIR) found in TLRs and the cytoplasmic adaptor proteins TIRAP and MyD88. Oligomerization of TLRs with MyD88 or TIRAP leads to the recruitment of members of the IRAK family of kinases and the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6. We developed a phenotypic drug screening system based on the inducible homodimerization of either TIRAP, MyD88, or TRAF6, that ranked hits according to their hierarchy of action. From a bioactive compound library, we identified methyl-piperidino-pyrazole (MPP) as a TLR-specific inhibitor. Structure-activity relationship analysis, quantitative proteomics, protein-protein interaction assays, and cellular thermal shift assays suggested that MPP targets the TIR domain of MyD88. Chemical evolution of the original MPP scaffold generated compounds with selectivity for distinct TLRs that interfered with specific TIR interactions. Administration of an MPP analog to mice protected them from TLR4-dependent inflammation. These results validate this phenotypic screening approach and suggest that the MPP scaffold could serve as a starting point for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirish K Ippagunta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Julie A Pollock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Naina Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kazuki Tawaratsumida
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anthony A High
- St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jaeki Min
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yizhe Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Vanessa Redecke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Hans Häcker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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17
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Puyang X, Furman C, Zheng GZ, Wu ZJ, Banka D, Aithal K, Agoulnik S, Bolduc DM, Buonamici S, Caleb B, Das S, Eckley S, Fekkes P, Hao MH, Hart A, Houtman R, Irwin S, Joshi JJ, Karr C, Kim A, Kumar N, Kumar P, Kuznetsov G, Lai WG, Larsen N, Mackenzie C, Martin LA, Melchers D, Moriarty A, Nguyen TV, Norris J, O'Shea M, Pancholi S, Prajapati S, Rajagopalan S, Reynolds DJ, Rimkunas V, Rioux N, Ribas R, Siu A, Sivakumar S, Subramanian V, Thomas M, Vaillancourt FH, Wang J, Wardell S, Wick MJ, Yao S, Yu L, Warmuth M, Smith PG, Zhu P, Korpal M. Discovery of Selective Estrogen Receptor Covalent Antagonists for the Treatment of ERα WT and ERα MUT Breast Cancer. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:1176-1193. [PMID: 29991605 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) that confer resistance to existing classes of endocrine therapies are detected in up to 30% of patients who have relapsed during endocrine treatments. Because a significant proportion of therapy-resistant breast cancer metastases continue to be dependent on ERα signaling, there remains a critical need to develop the next generation of ERα antagonists that can overcome aberrant ERα activity. Through our drug-discovery efforts, we identified H3B-5942, which covalently inactivates both wild-type and mutant ERα by targeting Cys530 and enforcing a unique antagonist conformation. H3B-5942 belongs to a class of ERα antagonists referred to as selective estrogen receptor covalent antagonists (SERCA). In vitro comparisons of H3B-5942 with standard-of-care (SoC) and experimental agents confirmed increased antagonist activity across a panel of ERαWT and ERαMUT cell lines. In vivo, H3B-5942 demonstrated significant single-agent antitumor activity in xenograft models representing ERαWT and ERαY537S breast cancer that was superior to fulvestrant. Lastly, H3B-5942 potency can be further improved in combination with CDK4/6 or mTOR inhibitors in both ERαWT and ERαMUT cell lines and/or tumor models. In summary, H3B-5942 belongs to a class of orally available ERα covalent antagonists with an improved profile over SoCs.Significance: Nearly 30% of endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancer metastases harbor constitutively activating mutations in ERα. SERCA H3B-5942 engages C530 of both ERαWT and ERαMUT, promotes a unique antagonist conformation, and demonstrates improved in vitro and in vivo activity over SoC agents. Importantly, single-agent efficacy can be further enhanced by combining with CDK4/6 or mTOR inhibitors. Cancer Discov; 8(9); 1176-93. ©2018 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kiran Aithal
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd., Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - René Houtman
- PamGene International, Den Bosch, the Netherlands
| | - Sean Irwin
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Craig Karr
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Kim
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Pavan Kumar
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Lesley-Ann Martin
- Breast Cancer Now, Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sunil Pancholi
- Breast Cancer Now, Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Ribas
- Breast Cancer Now, Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Amy Siu
- Eisai Inc., Andover, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - John Wang
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Shihua Yao
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lihua Yu
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Ping Zhu
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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18
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Hu Z, Yang L, Ning W, Tang C, Meng Q, Zheng J, Dong C, Zhou HB. A high-affinity subtype-selective fluorescent probe for estrogen receptor β imaging in living cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3887-3890. [PMID: 29610818 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00483h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) has recently been identified as a pharmaceutical target in hormone replacement therapy for breast cancers. However, the biological function of ERβ in disease progression remains unclear. A highly ERβ-selective fluorescent probe (FPNM) was discovered exhibiting nanomolar affinity for ERβ with an ERβ/ERα selectivity as high as 80, which allowed specific labeling of intracellular ERβ. Moreover, distinct ERβ dynamics in various cellular bio-settings such as prostate cancer (DU-145) or triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells were directly observed for the first time viaFPNM staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiye Hu
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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19
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Katzenellenbogen JA, Mayne CG, Katzenellenbogen BS, Greene GL, Chandarlapaty S. Structural underpinnings of oestrogen receptor mutations in endocrine therapy resistance. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:377-388. [PMID: 29662238 PMCID: PMC6252060 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogen receptor-α (ERα), a key driver of breast cancer, normally requires oestrogen for activation. Mutations that constitutively activate ERα without the need for hormone binding are frequently found in endocrine-therapy-resistant breast cancer metastases and are associated with poor patient outcomes. The location of these mutations in the ER ligand-binding domain and their impact on receptor conformation suggest that they subvert distinct mechanisms that normally maintain the low basal state of wild-type ERα in the absence of hormone. Such mutations provide opportunities to probe fundamental issues underlying ligand-mediated control of ERα activity. Instructive contrasts between these ERα mutations and those that arise in the androgen receptor (AR) during anti-androgen treatment of prostate cancer highlight differences in how activation functions in ERs and AR control receptor activity, how hormonal pressures (deprivation versus antagonism) drive the selection of phenotypically different mutants, how altered protein conformations can reduce antagonist potency and how altered ligand-receptor contacts can invert the response that a receptor has to an agonist ligand versus an antagonist ligand. A deeper understanding of how ligand regulation of receptor conformation is linked to receptor function offers a conceptual framework for developing new anti-oestrogens that might be more effective in preventing and treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher G Mayne
- Beckman Institute for Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Geoffrey L Greene
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Benzothiophenone Derivatives Targeting Mutant Forms of Estrogen Receptor-α in Hormone-Resistant Breast Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020579. [PMID: 29462880 PMCID: PMC5855801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α positive (ERα+) breast cancers represent 75% of all invasive breast cancer cases, while de novo or acquired resistance to ER-directed therapy is also on the rise. Numerous factors contribute to this phenomenon including the recently-reported ESR1 gene mutations such as Y537S, which amplifies co-activator interactions with ERα and promotes constitutive activation of ERα function. Herein, we propose that direct targeting of the activation function-2 (AF2) site on ERα represents a promising alternative therapeutic strategy to overcome mutation-driven resistance in breast cancer. A systematic computer-guided drug discovery approach was employed to develop a potent ERα inhibitor that was extensively evaluated by a series of experiments to confirm its AF2-specific activity. We demonstrate that the developed small-molecule inhibitor effectively prevents ERα-coactivator interactions and exhibits a strong anti-proliferative effect against tamoxifen-resistant cells, as well as downregulates ERα-dependent genes and effectively diminishes the receptor binding to chromatin. Notably, the identified lead compound successfully inhibits known constitutively-active, resistance-associated mutant forms of ERα observed in clinical settings. Overall, this study reports the development of a novel class of ERα AF2 inhibitors, which have the potential to effectively inhibit ERα activity by a unique mechanism and to circumvent the issue of mutation-driven resistance in breast cancer.
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21
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Non-estrogenic Xanthohumol Derivatives Mitigate Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Impairment in High-Fat Diet-induced Obese Mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:613. [PMID: 29330372 PMCID: PMC5766630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated flavonoid from hops, improves dysfunctional glucose and lipid metabolism in animal models of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, its metabolic transformation into the estrogenic metabolite, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), poses a potential health concern for its use in humans. To address this concern, we evaluated two hydrogenated derivatives, α,β-dihydro-XN (DXN) and tetrahydro-XN (TXN), which showed negligible affinity for estrogen receptors α and β, and which cannot be metabolically converted into 8-PN. We compared their effects to those of XN by feeding C57BL/6J mice a high-fat diet (HFD) containing XN, DXN, or TXN for 13 weeks. DXN and TXN were present at higher concentrations than XN in plasma, liver and muscle. Mice administered XN, DXN or TXN showed improvements of impaired glucose tolerance compared to the controls. DXN and TXN treatment resulted in a decrease of HOMA-IR and plasma leptin. C2C12 embryonic muscle cells treated with DXN or TXN exhibited higher rates of uncoupled mitochondrial respiration compared to XN and the control. Finally, XN, DXN, or TXN treatment ameliorated HFD-induced deficits in spatial learning and memory. Taken together, DXN and TXN could ameliorate the neurocognitive-metabolic impairments associated with HFD-induced obesity without risk of liver injury and adverse estrogenic effects.
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22
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Jia S, Miedel MT, Ngo M, Hessenius R, Chen N, Wang P, Bahreini A, Li Z, Ding Z, Shun TY, Zuckerman DM, Taylor DL, Puhalla SL, Lee AV, Oesterreich S, Stern AM. Clinically Observed Estrogen Receptor Alpha Mutations within the Ligand-Binding Domain Confer Distinguishable Phenotypes. Oncology 2018; 94:176-189. [PMID: 29306943 DOI: 10.1159/000485510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Twenty to fifty percent of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancers express mutations within the ER ligand-binding domain. While most studies focused on the constitutive ER signaling activity commonly engendered by these mutations selected during estrogen deprivation therapy, our study was aimed at investigating distinctive phenotypes conferred by different mutations within this class. METHODS We examined the two most prevalent mutations, D538G and Y537S, employing corroborative genome-edited and lentiviral-transduced ER+ T47D cell models. We used a luciferase-based reporter and endogenous phospho-ER immunoblot analysis to characterize the estrogen response of ER mutants and determined their resistance to known ER antagonists. RESULTS Consistent with their selection during estrogen deprivation therapy, these mutants conferred constitutive ER activity. While Y537S mutants showed no estrogen dependence, D538G mutants demonstrated an enhanced estrogen-dependent response. Both mutations conferred resistance to ER antagonists that was overcome at higher doses acting specifically through their ER target. CONCLUSIONS These observations provide a tenable hypothesis for how D538G ESR1-expressing clones can contribute to shorter progression-free survival observed in the exemestane arm of the BOLERO-2 study. Thus, in those patients with dominant D538G-expressing clones, longitudinal analysis for this mutation in circulating free DNA may prove beneficial for informing more optimal therapeutic regimens.
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Abstract
The Warburg effect describes how most cancer cells exhibit higher-than-normal glucose consumption, not only under hypoxic conditions, but also when normal oxygen levels are present. Although glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) has been found to play a key role in the cellular uptake of glucose, especially in cancer cells, where it is generally overexpressed, it has not been given consideration as a suitable target for the development of anticancer drugs. In this chapter, an example of molecular design and realization of novel GLUT1 inhibitors, including in silico modeling, chemical synthesis, and biological characterization, is provided. This process started with the identification of a focused series of oxime derivatives, originally designed as estrogen receptor (ER) ligands, which were structurally optimized in order to direct their activity towards GLUT1 and to minimize their binding to the ERs, leading to the production of efficient and selective inhibitors of glucose uptake in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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24
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Zhao Y, Laws MJ, Guillen VS, Ziegler Y, Min J, Sharma A, Kim SH, Chu D, Park BH, Oesterreich S, Mao C, Shapiro DJ, Nettles KW, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS. Structurally Novel Antiestrogens Elicit Differential Responses from Constitutively Active Mutant Estrogen Receptors in Breast Cancer Cells and Tumors. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5602-5613. [PMID: 28904064 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancers develop resistance to endocrine therapy via mutation of ERs whose constitutive activation is associated with shorter patient survival. Because there is now a clinical need for new antiestrogens (AE) against these mutant ERs, we describe here our development and characterization of three chemically novel AEs that effectively suppress proliferation of breast cancer cells and tumors. Our AEs are effective against wild-type and Y537S and D538G ERs, the two most commonly occurring constitutively active ERs. The three new AEs suppressed proliferation and estrogen target gene expression in WT and mutant ER-containing cells and were more effective in D538G than in Y537S cells and tumors. Compared with WT ER, mutants exhibited approximately 10- to 20-fold lower binding affinity for AE and a reduced ability to be blocked in coactivator interaction, likely contributing to their relative resistance to inhibition by AE. Comparisons between mutant ER-containing MCF7 and T47D cells revealed that AE responses were compound, cell-type, and ERα-mutant dependent. These new ligands have favorable pharmacokinetic properties and effectively suppressed growth of WT and mutant ER-expressing tumor xenografts in NOD/SCID-γ mice after oral or subcutaneous administration; D538G tumors were more potently inhibited by AE than Y537S tumors. These studies highlight the differential responsiveness of the mutant ERs to different AEs and make clear the value of having a toolkit of AEs for treatment of endocrine therapy-resistant tumors driven by different constitutively active ERs. Cancer Res; 77(20); 5602-13. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechao Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Mary J Laws
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Valeria Sanabria Guillen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Yvonne Ziegler
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Jian Min
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - David Chu
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ben Ho Park
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Womens Cancer Research Center, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chengjian Mao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - David J Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Kendall W Nettles
- Department of Cancer Biology, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | | | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
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25
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Maurer C, Martel S, Zardavas D, Ignatiadis M. New agents for endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Breast 2017; 34:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Min J, Guillen VS, Sharma A, Zhao Y, Ziegler Y, Gong P, Mayne CG, Srinivasan S, Kim SH, Carlson KE, Nettles KW, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA. Adamantyl Antiestrogens with Novel Side Chains Reveal a Spectrum of Activities in Suppressing Estrogen Receptor Mediated Activities in Breast Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6321-6336. [PMID: 28657320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To search for new antiestrogens more effective in treating breast cancers, we explored alternatives to the acrylic acid side chain used in many antiestrogens. To facilitate our search, we used a simple adamantyl ligand core that by avoiding stereochemical issues enabled rapid synthesis of acrylate ketone, ester, and amide analogs. All compounds were high affinity estrogen receptor α (ERα) ligands but displayed a range of efficacies and potencies as antiproliferative and ERα-downregulating agents. There were large differences in activity between compounds having minor structural changes, but antiproliferative and ERα-downregulating efficacies generally paralleled one another. Some compounds with side chain polar groups had particularly high affinities. The secondary carboxamides had the best cellular activities, and the 3-hydroxypropylamide was as efficacious as fulvestrant in suppressing cell proliferation and gene expression. This study has produced structurally novel antiestrogens based on a simple adamantyl core structure with acrylate side chains optimized for cellular antagonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sathish Srinivasan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | | | | | - Kendall W Nettles
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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27
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Yang L, Hu Z, Luo J, Tang C, Zhang S, Ning W, Dong C, Huang J, Liu X, Zhou HB. Dual functional small molecule fluorescent probes for image-guided estrogen receptor-specific targeting coupled potent antiproliferative potency for breast cancer therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3531-3539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Luo J, Hu Z, Xiao Y, Yang T, Dong C, Huang J, Zhou HB. Rational design and optimization of selenophenes with basic side chains as novel potent selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for breast cancer therapy. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1485-1497. [PMID: 30108860 PMCID: PMC6072463 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00163k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To increase the diversity of estrogen receptor (ER) ligands having novel structures and activities, series of selenophene derivatives with a basic side chain (BSC) were synthesized and their biological activity as subtype-selective antagonists for the ER was explored. Compared with the selenophenes without a BSC, most compounds showed an increase in binding affinity, and several compounds displayed enhanced antagonist potency and antiproliferative activity. Especially, compound 16c exhibited excellent transcriptional activity for ERα (IC50 = 13 nM) which made this compound the most potent antagonist for ERα of the whole series and is 66-fold better than the best selenophene compound without a BSC. Moreover, several compounds showed values of IC50 better than that of 4-hydroxytamoxifen in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The modeling study indicated that the basic side chain might contribute to their increased antagonist potency and antiproliferative activity. These new ligands have the potential to be further developed as novel agents to improve therapeutics that target the estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Luo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease , Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals , State Key Laboratory of Virology , Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China .
| | - Zhiye Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease , Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals , State Key Laboratory of Virology , Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China .
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease , Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals , State Key Laboratory of Virology , Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China .
| | - Tongxin Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease , Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals , State Key Laboratory of Virology , Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China .
| | - Chune Dong
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease , Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals , State Key Laboratory of Virology , Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China .
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Life Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease , Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals , State Key Laboratory of Virology , Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China .
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29
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Groner AC, Brown M. Role of steroid receptor and coregulator mutations in hormone-dependent cancers. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1126-1135. [PMID: 28368289 PMCID: PMC5373886 DOI: 10.1172/jci88885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones mediate critical lineage-specific developmental and physiologic responses. They function by binding their cognate receptors, which are transcription factors that drive specific gene expression programs. The requirement of most prostate cancers for androgen and most breast cancers for estrogen has led to the development of endocrine therapies that block the action of these hormones in these tumors. While initial endocrine interventions are successful, resistance to therapy often arises. We will review how steroid receptor-dependent genomic signaling is affected by genetic alterations in endocrine therapy resistance. The detailed understanding of these interactions will not only provide improved treatment options to overcome resistance, but, in the future, will also be the basis for implementing precision cancer medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Groner
- Department of Medical Oncology and
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology and
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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30
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Sharma N, Carlson KE, Nwachukwu JC, Srinivasan S, Sharma A, Nettles KW, Katzenellenbogen JA. Exploring the Structural Compliancy versus Specificity of the Estrogen Receptor Using Isomeric Three-Dimensional Ligands. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:494-503. [PMID: 28032978 PMCID: PMC5315646 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen receptors (ERs) bind with high affinity to many structurally diverse ligands by significantly distorting the contours of their ligand-binding pockets. This raises a question: To what degree is ER able to distinguish between structurally related regioisomers and enantiomers? We have explored the structural compliance and specificity of ERα with a set of ligands having a 7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene sulfonate core and basic side chains typical of selective ER modulators (SERMs). These ligands have two regioisomers, each of which is a racemate of enantiomers. Using orthogonal protecting groups and chiral HPLC, we isolated all 4 isomers and assigned their absolute stereochemistry by X-ray analysis. The 1S,2R,4S isomer has a 80-170-fold higher affinity for ERα than the others, and it profiles as a partial agonist/antagonist in cellular reporter gene assays and in suppressing proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with subnanomolar potency, far exceeding that of the other isomers. It is the only isomer found bound to ERα by X-ray analysis after crystallization with four-isomer mixtures of closely related analogs. Thus, despite the general compliance of this receptor for binding a large variety of ligand structures, ER demonstrates marked structural specificity and stereospecificity by selecting a single component from a mixture of structurally related isomers to drive ER-regulated cellular activity. Our findings lay the necessary groundwork for seeking unique ER-mediated pharmacological profiles by rational structural perturbations of two different types of side chains in this unprecedented class of ER ligands, which may prove useful in developing more effective endocrine therapies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jerome C. Nwachukwu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute,130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Sathish Srinivasan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute,130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kendall W. Nettles
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute,130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - John A. Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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31
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Xiong R, Zhao J, Gutgesell LM, Wang Y, Lee S, Karumudi B, Zhao H, Lu Y, Tonetti DA, Thatcher GRJ. Novel Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs) Developed against Treatment-Resistant Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1325-1342. [PMID: 28117994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen and to aromatase inhibitors that lower circulating estradiol occurs in up to 50% of patients, generally leading to an endocrine-independent ER+ phenotype. Selective ER downregulators (SERDs) are able to ablate ER and thus, theoretically, to prevent survival of both endocrine-dependent and -independent ER+ tumors. The clinical SERD fulvestrant is hampered by intramuscular administration and undesirable pharmacokinetics. Novel SERDs were designed using the 6-OH-benzothiophene (BT) scaffold common to arzoxifene and raloxifene. Treatment-resistant (TR) ER+ cell lines (MCF-7:5C and MCF-7:TAM1) were used for optimization, followed by validation in the parent endocrine-dependent cell line (MCF-7:WS8), in 2D and 3D cultures, using ERα in-cell westerns, ERE-luciferase, and cell viability assays, with 2 (GDC-0810/ARN-810) used for comparison. Two BT SERDs with superior in vitro activity to 2 were studied for bioavailability and shown to cause regression of a TR, endocrine-independent ER+ xenograft superior to that with 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Lauren M Gutgesell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Yueting Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Sue Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Bhargava Karumudi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Huiping Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Debra A Tonetti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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32
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Srinivasan S, Nwachukwu JC, Bruno NE, Dharmarajan V, Goswami D, Kastrati I, Novick S, Nowak J, Cavett V, Zhou HB, Boonmuen N, Zhao Y, Min J, Frasor J, Katzenellenbogen BS, Griffin PR, Katzenellenbogen JA, Nettles KW. Full antagonism of the estrogen receptor without a prototypical ligand side chain. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:111-118. [PMID: 27870835 PMCID: PMC5161551 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to endocrine therapies remains a major clinical problem for the treatment of estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-positive breast cancer. On-target side effects limit therapeutic compliance and use for chemoprevention, highlighting an unmet need for new therapies. Here we present a full-antagonist ligand series lacking the prototypical ligand side chain that has been universally used to engender antagonism of ERα through poorly understood structural mechanisms. A series of crystal structures and phenotypic assays reveal a structure-based design strategy with separate design elements for antagonism and degradation of the receptor, and access to a structurally distinct space for further improvements in ligand design. Understanding structural rules that guide ligands to produce diverse ERα-mediated phenotypes has broad implications for the treatment of breast cancer and other estrogen-sensitive aspects of human health including bone homeostasis, energy metabolism, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Srinivasan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida, 33458 USA
| | - Jerome C. Nwachukwu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida, 33458 USA
| | - Nelson E. Bruno
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida, 33458 USA
| | | | - Devrishi Goswami
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, 33458 USA
| | - Irida Kastrati
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Scott Novick
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, 33458 USA
| | - Jason Nowak
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida, 33458 USA
| | - Valerie Cavett
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida, 33458 USA
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Nittaya Boonmuen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Yuechao Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Jian Min
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801 USA
| | - Jonna Frasor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Benita S. Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Patrick R. Griffin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, 33458 USA
| | - John A. Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801 USA
| | - Kendall W. Nettles
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida, 33458 USA
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33
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Epidemiology of Endometrial Carcinoma: Etiologic Importance of Hormonal and Metabolic Influences. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 943:3-46. [PMID: 27910063 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43139-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic cancer in developed nations, and the annual incidence is projected to increase, secondary to the high prevalence of obesity, a strong endometrial carcinoma risk factor. Although endometrial carcinomas are etiologically, biologically, and clinically diverse, hormonal and metabolic mechanisms are particularly strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of endometrioid carcinoma, the numerically predominant subtype. The centrality of hormonal and metabolic disturbances in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma, combined with its slow development from well-characterized precursors in most cases, offers a substantial opportunity to reduce endometrial carcinoma mortality through early detection, lifestyle modification, and chemoprevention. In this chapter, we review the epidemiology of endometrial carcinoma, emphasizing theories that link risk factors for these tumors to hormonal and metabolic mechanisms. Future translational research opportunities related to prevention are discussed.
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34
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Toy W, Weir H, Razavi P, Lawson M, Goeppert AU, Mazzola AM, Smith A, Wilson J, Morrow C, Wong WL, De Stanchina E, Carlson KE, Martin TS, Uddin S, Li Z, Fanning S, Katzenellenbogen JA, Greene G, Baselga J, Chandarlapaty S. Activating ESR1 Mutations Differentially Affect the Efficacy of ER Antagonists. Cancer Discov 2016; 7:277-287. [PMID: 27986707 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified somatic ESR1 mutations in patients with metastatic breast cancer and found some of them to promote estrogen-independent activation of the receptor. The degree to which all recurrent mutants can drive estrogen-independent activities and reduced sensitivity to ER antagonists like fulvestrant is not established. In this report, we characterize the spectrum of ESR1 mutations from more than 900 patients. ESR1 mutations were detected in 10%, with D538G being the most frequent (36%), followed by Y537S (14%). Several novel, activating mutations were also detected (e.g., L469V, V422del, and Y537D). Although many mutations lead to constitutive activity and reduced sensitivity to ER antagonists, only select mutants such as Y537S caused a magnitude of change associated with fulvestrant resistance in vivo Correspondingly, tumors driven by Y537S, but not D5358G, E380Q, or S463P, were less effectively inhibited by fulvestrant than more potent and bioavailable antagonists, including AZD9496. These data point to a need for antagonists with optimal pharmacokinetic properties to realize clinical efficacy against certain ESR1 mutants.Significance: A diversity of activating ESR1 mutations exist, only some of which confer resistance to existing ER antagonists that might be overcome by next-generation inhibitors such as AZD9496. Cancer Discov; 7(3); 277-87. ©2016 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 235.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Toy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hazel Weir
- AstraZeneca, iMED Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pedram Razavi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Anne U Goeppert
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Wai Lin Wong
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisa De Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kathryn E Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Teresa S Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Sharmeen Uddin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sean Fanning
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Geoffrey Greene
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - José Baselga
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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35
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Granchi C, Lapillo M, Spena CR, Rizzolio F, Tuccinardi T, Martin TA, Carlson KE, Katzenellenbogen JA, Minutolo F. Cyclic Ketoximes as Estrogen Receptor β Selective Agonists. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1752-61. [PMID: 27135651 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of estrogen receptor β (ERβ)-selective agonists represents a therapeutic strategy against several kinds of cancers, but the high homology between the two receptor subtypes, ERα and ERβ, makes the achievement of this goal very challenging. In the past, we developed salicylaldoxime- and salicylketoxime-based molecules that proved to bind well to ERβ. In this paper, further structural evolution of the salicylketoximes is presented: two of the newly synthesized five-membered cyclic ketoximes bind with nanomolar affinities to ERβ, and they show selectivity for this subtype over ERα. Their agonist character was confirmed by cell-free coactivator recruitment assays, in which we demonstrated the ability of these compounds to form an active complex with ERβ capable of recruiting coactivator proteins; this indicated their efficacy as agonists. Finally, their potency and selectivity for ERβ binding were rationalized by molecular-modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Margherita Lapillo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, CRO National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Teresa A Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kathryn E Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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36
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Madak-Erdogan Z, Kim SH, Gong P, Zhao YC, Zhang H, Chambliss KL, Carlson KE, Mayne CG, Shaul PW, Korach KS, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS. Design of pathway preferential estrogens that provide beneficial metabolic and vascular effects without stimulating reproductive tissues. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra53. [PMID: 27221711 PMCID: PMC4896643 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad8170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is great medical need for estrogens with favorable pharmacological profiles that support desirable activities for menopausal women, such as metabolic and vascular protection, but that lack stimulatory activities on the breast and uterus. We report the development of structurally novel estrogens that preferentially activate a subset of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways and result in favorable target tissue-selective activity. Through a process of structural alteration of estrogenic ligands that was designed to preserve their essential chemical and physical features but greatly reduced their binding affinity for ERs, we obtained "pathway preferential estrogens" (PaPEs), which interacted with ERs to activate the extranuclear-initiated signaling pathway preferentially over the nuclear-initiated pathway. PaPEs elicited a pattern of gene regulation and cellular and biological processes that did not stimulate reproductive and mammary tissues or breast cancer cells. However, in ovariectomized mice, PaPEs triggered beneficial responses both in metabolic tissues (adipose tissue and liver) that reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation and in the vasculature that accelerated repair of endothelial damage. This process of designed ligand structure alteration represents a novel approach to develop ligands that shift the balance in ER-mediated extranuclear and nuclear pathways to obtain tissue-selective, non-nuclear PaPEs, which may be beneficial for postmenopausal hormone replacement. The approach may also have broad applicability for other members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yiru C Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA
| | - Ken L Chambliss
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA
| | - Kathryn E Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Christopher G Mayne
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Philip W Shaul
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | | | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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37
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Spoerke JM, Gendreau S, Walter K, Qiu J, Wilson TR, Savage H, Aimi J, Derynck MK, Chen M, Chan IT, Amler LC, Hampton GM, Johnston S, Krop I, Schmid P, Lackner MR. Heterogeneity and clinical significance of ESR1 mutations in ER-positive metastatic breast cancer patients receiving fulvestrant. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11579. [PMID: 27174596 PMCID: PMC4869259 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ESR1 have been associated with resistance to aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy in patients with ER+ metastatic breast cancer. Little is known of the impact of these mutations in patients receiving selective oestrogen receptor degrader (SERD) therapy. In this study, hotspot mutations in ESR1 and PIK3CA from ctDNA were assayed in clinical trial samples from ER+ metastatic breast cancer patients randomized either to the SERD fulvestrant or fulvestrant plus a pan-PI3K inhibitor. ESR1 mutations are present in 37% of baseline samples and are enriched in patients with luminal A and PIK3CA-mutated tumours. ESR1 mutations are often polyclonal and longitudinal analysis shows distinct clones exhibiting divergent behaviour over time. ESR1 mutation allele frequency does not show a consistent pattern of increases during fulvestrant treatment, and progression-free survival is not different in patients with ESR1 mutations compared with wild-type patients. ESR1 mutations are not associated with clinical resistance to fulvestrant in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiaheng Qiu
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | | | - Heidi Savage
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Junko Aimi
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | | | - Meng Chen
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Iris T. Chan
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Lukas C. Amler
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Ian Krop
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Peter Schmid
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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38
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Fanning SW, Mayne CG, Dharmarajan V, Carlson KE, Martin TA, Novick SJ, Toy W, Green B, Panchamukhi S, Katzenellenbogen BS, Tajkhorshid E, Griffin PR, Shen Y, Chandarlapaty S, Katzenellenbogen JA, Greene GL. Estrogen receptor alpha somatic mutations Y537S and D538G confer breast cancer endocrine resistance by stabilizing the activating function-2 binding conformation. eLife 2016; 5:12792. [PMID: 26836308 PMCID: PMC4821807 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) gene (ESR1), especially Y537S and D538G, have been linked to acquired resistance to endocrine therapies. Cell-based studies demonstrated that these mutants confer ERα constitutive activity and antiestrogen resistance and suggest that ligand-binding domain dysfunction leads to endocrine therapy resistance. Here, we integrate biophysical and structural biology data to reveal how these mutations lead to a constitutively active and antiestrogen-resistant ERα. We show that these mutant ERs recruit coactivator in the absence of hormone while their affinities for estrogen agonist (estradiol) and antagonist (4-hydroxytamoxifen) are reduced. Further, they confer antiestrogen resistance by altering the conformational dynamics of the loop connecting Helix 11 and Helix 12 in the ligand-binding domain of ERα, which leads to a stabilized agonist state and an altered antagonist state that resists inhibition. Around one in every eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime. Hormone-based therapies – also referred to antiestrogen drugs – target a protein called estrogen receptor alpha and are effective treatments for the majority of these cancers. Unfortunately, about half of patients will develop recurrent breast cancers even though the cancer continues to produce the target of the drugs. The estrogen receptor alpha drives breast cancer in a number of ways, many of which require the receptor to be activated by binding to the hormone estrogen. When estrogen binds it causes the receptor to change shape to expose a surface where other proteins called coactivators can bind. Once a coactivator is bound, the estrogen receptor is active and signals the cancer cell to grow, divide, invade local tissues, and spread to new sites in the body. Antiestrogen drugs competitively block the binding of estrogen to the receptor and cause the receptor to take on a different shape that inhibits the binding of the coactivator. However, recent studies identified mutations at specific sites in the gene that encodes estrogen receptor alpha in a large subset of patients with breast cancers that have spread. These mutations make the receptor resistant to antiestrogen drugs, and two mutations (called Y537S and D538G) account for approximately 70% of cases. However, it was not clear how these mutations altered the activity of estrogen receptor alpha at the molecular level. Fanning, Mayne, Dharmarajan et al. now show these two most common mutations allow estrogen receptor alpha to bind to the coactivator in the absence of hormone. This unfortunately also reduces the effectiveness of one of the mostly widely administered antiestrogen therapies – a drug called tamoxifen. However, Fanning, Mayne, Dharmarajan et al. also show that the newer and more potent antiestrogens that are currently under examination in clinical trials should be highly effective at treating the cancers with the mutated versions of estrogen receptor alpha. Applying the knowledge gained from these new findings toward the development of new antiestrogens could help reverse the impact of these common mutations. If successful, these new drugs will provide life-saving treatments for many breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W Fanning
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Christopher G Mayne
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States
| | | | - Kathryn E Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States
| | - Teresa A Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States
| | - Scott J Novick
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Weiyi Toy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Bradley Green
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Srinivas Panchamukhi
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TEES-AgriLife Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | | | - Geoffrey L Greene
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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39
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Boonmuen N, Gong P, Ali Z, Chittiboyina AG, Khan I, Doerge DR, Helferich WG, Carlson KE, Martin T, Piyachaturawat P, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS. Licorice root components in dietary supplements are selective estrogen receptor modulators with a spectrum of estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities. Steroids 2016; 105:42-9. [PMID: 26631549 PMCID: PMC4714869 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Licorice root extracts are often consumed as botanical dietary supplements by menopausal women as a natural alternative to pharmaceutical hormone replacement therapy. In addition to their components liquiritigenin (Liq) and isoliquiritigenin (Iso-Liq), known to have estrogenic activity, licorice root extracts also contain a number of other flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and chalcones. We have investigated the estrogenic activity of 7 of these components, obtained from an extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra powder, namely Glabridin (L1), Calycosin (L2), Methoxychalcone (L3), Vestitol (L4), Glyasperin C (L5), Glycycoumarin (L6), and Glicoricone (L7), and compared them with Liq, Iso-Liq, and estradiol (E2). All components, including Liq and Iso-Liq, have low binding affinity for estrogen receptors (ERs). Their potency and efficacy in stimulating the expression of estrogen-regulated genes reveal that Liq and Iso-Liq and L2, L3, L4, and L6 are estrogen agonists. Interestingly, L3 and L4 have an efficacy nearly equivalent to E2 but with a potency ca. 10,000-fold less. The other components, L1, L5 and L7, acted as partial estrogen antagonists. All agonist activities were reversed by the antiestrogen, ICI 182,780, or by knockdown of ERα with siRNA, indicating that they are ER dependent. In HepG2 hepatoma cells stably expressing ERα, only Liq, Iso-Liq, and L3 stimulated estrogen-regulated gene expression, and in all cases gene stimulation did not occur in HepG2 cells lacking ERα. Collectively, these findings classify the components of licorice root extracts as low potency, mixed ER agonists and antagonists, having a character akin to that of selective estrogen receptor modulators or SERMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nittaya Boonmuen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, United States
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, United States
| | - Ikhlas Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, United States
| | - Daniel R Doerge
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - William G Helferich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Kathryn E Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Teresa Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Pawinee Piyachaturawat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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40
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Xiong R, Patel HK, Gutgesell LM, Zhao J, Delgado-Rivera L, Pham TND, Zhao H, Carlson K, Martin T, Katzenellenbogen JA, Moore TW, Tonetti DA, Thatcher GRJ. Selective Human Estrogen Receptor Partial Agonists (ShERPAs) for Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2015; 59:219-237. [PMID: 26681208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Almost 70% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), represents the standard of care for many patients; however, 30-50% develop resistance, underlining the need for alternative therapeutics. Paradoxically, agonists at ERα such as estradiol (E2) have demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with heavily treated breast cancer, although side effects in gynecological tissues are unacceptable. A drug that selectively mimics the actions of E2 in breast cancer therapy but minimizes estrogenic effects in other tissues is a novel, therapeutic alternative. We hypothesized that a selective human estrogen receptor partial agonist (ShERPA) at ERα would provide such an agent. Novel benzothiophene derivatives with nanomolar potency in breast cancer cell cultures were designed. Several showed partial agonist activity, with potency of 0.8-76 nM, mimicking E2 in inhibiting growth of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell lines. Three ShERPAs were tested and validated in xenograft models of endocrine-independent and tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer, and in contrast to E2, ShERPAs did not cause significant uterine growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Hitisha K Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Lauren M Gutgesell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Loruhama Delgado-Rivera
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Thao N D Pham
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Huiping Zhao
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Kathryn Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Teresa Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Terry W Moore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Debra A Tonetti
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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41
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Durrant JD, Carlson KE, Martin TA, Offutt TL, Mayne CG, Katzenellenbogen JA, Amaro RE. Neural-Network Scoring Functions Identify Structurally Novel Estrogen-Receptor Ligands. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:1953-61. [PMID: 26286148 PMCID: PMC4780411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The magnitude of the investment required to bring a drug to the market hinders medical progress, requiring hundreds of millions of dollars and years of research and development. Any innovation that improves the efficiency of the drug-discovery process has the potential to accelerate the delivery of new treatments to countless patients in need. "Virtual screening," wherein molecules are first tested in silico in order to prioritize compounds for subsequent experimental testing, is one such innovation. Although the traditional scoring functions used in virtual screens have proven useful, improved accuracy requires novel approaches. In the current work, we use the estrogen receptor to demonstrate that neural networks are adept at identifying structurally novel small molecules that bind to a selected drug target, ultimately allowing experimentalists to test fewer compounds in the earliest stages of lead identification while obtaining higher hit rates. We describe 39 novel estrogen-receptor ligands identified in silico with experimentally determined Ki values ranging from 460 nM to 20 μM, presented here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Durrant
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the National Biomedical Computation Resource, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| | - Kathryn E. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801
| | - Teresa A. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801
| | - Tavina L. Offutt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the National Biomedical Computation Resource, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| | - Christopher G. Mayne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801
| | | | - Rommie E. Amaro
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the National Biomedical Computation Resource, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093
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42
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Granchi C, Qian Y, Lee HY, Paterni I, Pasero C, Iegre J, Carlson KE, Tuccinardi T, Chen X, Katzenellenbogen JA, Hergenrother PJ, Minutolo F. Salicylketoximes That Target Glucose Transporter 1 Restrict Energy Supply to Lung Cancer Cells. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1892-900. [PMID: 26332543 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The glucose transporter GLUT1 is frequently overexpressed in most tumor tissues because rapidly proliferating cancer cells rely primarily on glycolysis, a low-efficiency metabolic pathway that necessitates a very high rate of glucose consumption. Because blocking GLUT1 is a promising anticancer strategy, we developed a novel class of GLUT1 inhibitors based on the 4-aryl-substituted salicylketoxime scaffold. Some of these compounds are efficient inhibitors of glucose uptake in lung cancer cells and have a notable antiproliferative effect. In contrast to their 5-aryl-substituted regioisomers, the newly synthesized compounds reported herein do not display significant binding to the estrogen receptors. The inhibition of glucose uptake in cancer cells by these compounds was further observed by fluorescence microscopy imaging using a fluorescent analogue of glucose. Therefore, blocking the ability of tumor cells to take up glucose by means of these small molecules, or by further optimized derivatives, may be a successful approach in the development of novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yanrong Qian
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, the Ridges, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Hyang Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ilaria Paterni
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pasero
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jessica Iegre
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kathryn E Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Xiaozhuo Chen
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, the Ridges, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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43
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Thomas C, Gustafsson JÅ. Estrogen receptor mutations and functional consequences for breast cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:467-76. [PMID: 26183887 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A significant number of estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast tumors develop resistance to endocrine therapy and recur with metastatic disease. Several mechanisms of endocrine resistance have been proposed, including genetic alterations that lead to ERs with altered protein sequence. By altering the conformation of the protein and increasing the interaction with coactivators, point mutations in ESR1, the gene encoding ERα, promote an active form of the receptor in the absence of hormone that assists tumor cells to evade hormonal treatments. Recent studies have confirmed that ESR1 point mutations frequently occur in metastatic breast tumors that are refractory to endocrine therapy, and suggest the development of novel strategies that may be more effective in controlling ER signaling and benefit patients with recurrent and metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoforos Thomas
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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44
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Abstract
Many receptors display conformational flexibility, in which the binding pocket has an open inactive conformation in the absence of ligand and a tight active conformation when bound to ligand. Here we study the bacterial adhesin FimH to address the role of the inactive conformation of the pocket for initiating binding by comparing two variants: a wild-type FimH variant that is in the inactive state when not bound to its target mannose, and an engineered activated variant that is always in the active state. Not surprisingly, activated FimH has a longer lifetime and higher affinity, and bacteria expressing activated FimH bound better in static conditions. However, bacteria expressing wild-type FimH bound better in flow. Wild-type and activated FimH demonstrated similar mechanical strength, likely because mechanical force induces the active state in wild-type FimH. However, wild-type FimH displayed a faster bond association rate than activated FimH. Moreover, the ability of different FimH variants to mediate adhesion in flow reflected the fraction of FimH in the inactive state. These results demonstrate a new model for ligand-associated conformational changes that we call the kinetic-selection model, in which ligand-binding selects the faster-binding inactive state and then induces the active state. This model predicts that in physiological conditions for cell adhesion, mechanical force will drive a nonequilibrium cycle that uses the fast binding rate of the inactive state and slow unbinding rate of the active state, for a higher effective affinity than is possible at equilibrium.
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45
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Abstract
Approximately 70% of breast cancers are oestrogen receptor α (ER) positive, and are, therefore, treated with endocrine therapies. However, about 25% of patients with primary disease and almost all patients with metastases will present with or eventually develop endocrine resistance. Despite the magnitude of this clinical challenge, the mechanisms underlying the development of resistance remain largely unknown. In the past 2 years, several studies unveiled gain-of-function mutations in ESR1, the gene encoding the ER, in approximately 20% of patients with metastatic ER-positive disease who received endocrine therapies, such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors. These mutations are clustered in a 'hotspot' within the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the ER and lead to ligand-independent ER activity that promotes tumour growth, partial resistance to endocrine therapy, and potentially enhanced metastatic capacity; thus, ER LBD mutations might account for a mechanism of acquired endocrine resistance in a substantial fraction of patients with metastatic disease. In general, the absence of detectable ESR1 mutations in patients with treatment-naive disease, and the correlation between the frequency of patients with tumours harbouring these mutations and the number of endocrine treatments received suggest that, under selective treatment pressure, clonal expansion of rare mutant clones occurs, leading to resistance. Preclinical and clinical development of rationale-based novel therapeutic strategies that inhibit these ER mutants has the potential to substantially improve treatment outcomes. We discuss the contribution of ESR1 mutations to the development of acquired resistance to endocrine therapy, and evaluate how mutated ER can be detected and targeted to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes.
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Chigira T, Nagatoishi S, Tsumoto K. Differential binding of prohibitin-2 to estrogen receptor α and to drug-resistant ERα mutants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:726-31. [PMID: 26049107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine resistance is one of the most challenging problems in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer. The transcriptional activity of ERα is controlled by several coregulators, including prohibitin-2 (PHB2). Because of its ability to repress the transcriptional activity of activated ERα, PHB2 is a promising antiproliferative agent. In this study, were analyzed the interaction of PHB2 with ERα and three mutants (Y537S, D538G, and E380Q) that are frequently associated with a lack of sensitivity to hormonal treatments, to help advance novel drug discovery. PHB2 bound to ERα wild-type (WT), Y537S, and D538G, but did not bind to E380Q. The binding thermodynamics of Y537S and D538G to PHB2 were favorably altered entropically compared with those of WT to PHB2. Our results show that PHB2 binds to the ligand binding domain of ERα with a conformational change in the helix 12 of ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Chigira
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.
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47
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Kisiela DI, Avagyan H, Friend D, Jalan A, Gupta S, Interlandi G, Liu Y, Tchesnokova V, Rodriguez VB, Sumida JP, Strong RK, Wu XR, Thomas WE, Sokurenko EV. Inhibition and Reversal of Microbial Attachment by an Antibody with Parasteric Activity against the FimH Adhesin of Uropathogenic E. coli. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004857. [PMID: 25974133 PMCID: PMC4431754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment proteins from the surface of eukaryotic cells, bacteria and viruses are critical receptors in cell adhesion or signaling and are primary targets for the development of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. It is proposed that the ligand-binding pocket in receptor proteins can shift between inactive and active conformations with weak and strong ligand-binding capability, respectively. Here, using monoclonal antibodies against a vaccine target protein - fimbrial adhesin FimH of uropathogenic Escherichia coli, we demonstrate that unusually strong receptor inhibition can be achieved by antibody that binds within the binding pocket and displaces the ligand in a non-competitive way. The non-competitive antibody binds to a loop that interacts with the ligand in the active conformation of the pocket but is shifted away from ligand in the inactive conformation. We refer to this as a parasteric inhibition, where the inhibitor binds adjacent to the ligand in the binding pocket. We showed that the receptor-blocking mechanism of parasteric antibody differs from that of orthosteric inhibition, where the inhibitor replaces the ligand or allosteric inhibition where the inhibitor binds at a site distant from the ligand, and is very potent in blocking bacterial adhesion, dissolving surface-adherent biofilms and protecting mice from urinary bladder infection. A common approach in the development of selective inhibitors for ligand-receptor interactions is targeting the receptor binding site with the expectation that inhibitors will sterically interfere with ligand binding and thus block receptor function via a competitive (orthosteric) mechanism. However, using monoclonal antibodies specific for the mannose-binding Escherichia coli adhesin, FimH, we demonstrate that the binding site epitopes allow for non-competitive inhibition that is more effective than orthosteric blocking. FimH, similar to other binding proteins, exhibits conformational flexibility of the ligand-binding pocket shifting between open (inactive) and tight (active) conformations, with relatively low- and high- affinity towards mannose. We show that an antibody that binds just one of the mannose-binding pocket loops prevents the shift from the inactive to the active conformation and hence blocks formation of high-affinity ligand-receptor complexes. This antibody type was more effective in inhibition of bacterial adhesion than anti-FimH antibodies competitively blocking mannose binding, and unlike the latter or a soluble ligand, showed the ability to detach an established bacterial biofilm from a ligand-coated surface. As the newly described antibody can bind the FimH pocket simultaneously with ligand, we refer to it as a parasteric (next-to-ligand) inhibitor that exhibits non-competitive inhibition from within the binding-pocket of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara I. Kisiela
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DIK); (EVS)
| | - Hovhannes Avagyan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Della Friend
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Aachal Jalan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shivani Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gianluca Interlandi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Veronika Tchesnokova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Victoria B. Rodriguez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John P. Sumida
- Analytical Biopharmacy Core, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Roland K. Strong
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wendy E. Thomas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Evgeni V. Sokurenko
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DIK); (EVS)
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Paterni I, Bertini S, Granchi C, Tuccinardi T, Macchia M, Martinelli A, Caligiuri I, Toffoli G, Rizzolio F, Carlson KE, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA, Minutolo F. Highly selective salicylketoxime-based estrogen receptor β agonists display antiproliferative activities in a glioma model. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1184-94. [PMID: 25559213 PMCID: PMC4610302 DOI: 10.1021/jm501829f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) selective agonists are considered potential therapeutic agents for a variety of pathological conditions, including several types of cancer. Their development is particularly challenging, since differences in the ligand binding cavities of the two ER subtypes α and β are minimal. We have carried out a rational design of new salicylketoxime derivatives which display unprecedentedly high levels of ERβ selectivity for this class of compounds, both in binding affinity and in cell-based functional assays. An endogenous gene expression assay was used to further characterize the pharmacological action of these compounds. Finally, these ERβ-selective agonists were found to inhibit proliferation of a glioma cell line in vitro. Most importantly, one of these compounds also proved to be active in an in vivo xenograft model of human glioma, thus demonstrating the high potential of this type of compounds against this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Paterni
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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49
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Fratev F. Activation helix orientation of the estrogen receptor is mediated by receptor dimerization: evidence from molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13403-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00327j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ERα dimer formation reshapes the helix 12 conformational landscape and is a leading factor for the activation helix conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Fratev
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- 1113 Sofia
- Bulgaria
- Micar21 Ltd
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50
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Abstract
Endocrine therapy is the mainstay of treatment in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers and significantly reduces disease recurrence and breast cancer-related mortality. However, acquired resistance to therapy has been noted in nearly one-third of women treated with tamoxifen and other endocrine therapies. Mutations in the estrogen receptor have long been speculated to play a role in endocrine therapy resistance but have been rarely detected. However, recent studies utilizing next-generation sequencing on estrogen receptor-positive, metastatic clinical samples have revealed that recurrent ESR1 mutations are far more frequent than previously thought and may play an important role in acquired endocrine therapy resistance. Here we review recent advances in detection and characterization of ESR1 mutations in advanced, endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancers.
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