1
|
Qin Y, Xu Y, Yi H, Shi L, Wang X, Wang W, Li F. Unique structural characteristics and biological activities of heparan sulfate isolated from the mantle of the scallop Chlamys farreri. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121431. [PMID: 37985034 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Marine animals are a huge resource of various glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) with specific structures and functions. A large number of byproducts, such as low-edible mantle, are produced during the processing of Chlamys farreri, which is one of the most cultured scallops in China. In this study, a major GAG component was isolated from the mantle of C. farreri, and its structural characteristics and biological activities were determined in detail. Preliminary analysis by agarose electrophoresis combined with specific enzymatic degradation evaluations showed that this component was heparan sulfate and was named CMHS. Further analysis by HPLC and NMR revealed that CMHS has an average molecular weight of 35.9 kDa and contains a high proportion (80%) of 6-O-sulfated N-acetyl-D-glucosamine/N-sulfated-D-glucosamine (6-O-sulfated GlcNAc/GlcNS) residues and rare 3-O-sulfated β-D-glucuronic acid residues. Bioactivity analysis showed that CMHS has much lower anticoagulant activity than heparin and it can interact with various growth factors with high affinity. Moreover, CMHS binds strongly to the morphogen Wnt 3a to inhibit glypican-3-stimulated Wnt 3a signaling. Thus, the identification of CMHS with unique structural and bioactive features will provide a promising candidate for the development of GAG-type pharmaceutical products and promote the high-value utilization of C. farreri mantle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Xu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixin Yi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Liran Shi
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuang Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tan K, Lu SY, Tan K, Ransangan J, Cai X, Cheong KL. Bioactivity of polysaccharides derived from bivalves. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126096. [PMID: 37541476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Bivalves have high diversity, widely distributed in various aquatic environments, including saltwater, brackish water and freshwater. Bivalves are known to rich in polysaccharides and have wide applications in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and industrial research. Despite many relevant reports are available, the information is poorly organized. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a comprehensive scientific review on the potential bioactivity of polysaccharides derived from bivalves. In general, the polysaccharides derived from bivalves possess various bioactive properties, including anticancer, antioxidant, anticoagulant and immunomodulatory activities. The bioactivity of these biomolecules highly depends on the bivalve species, extraction methods, purification methods, dosages, etc. The information in this study can provide an overview of the bioactivities of bivalve polysaccharides. This is very useful to be used as a guide for identifying the health benefits of polysaccharides derived from different bivalve species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karsoon Tan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China.
| | - Si-Yuan Lu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Guangdong, China
| | - Kianann Tan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Julian Ransangan
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Xiaohui Cai
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Onishi S, Shionoya K, Sato K, Mubuchi A, Maruyama S, Nakajima T, Komeno M, Miyata S, Yoshizawa K, Wada T, Linhardt RJ, Toida T, Higashi K. Fucosylated heparan sulfate from the midgut gland of Patinopecten yessoensis. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120847. [PMID: 37182947 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
The structural and functional relationships of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) derived from marine organisms have been investigated, suggesting that marine invertebrates, particularly Bivalvia, are abundant sources of highly sulfated or branched GAGs. In this study, we identified a novel fucosylated heparan sulfate (Fuc-HS) from the midgut gland of the Japanese scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis. Scallop HS showed resistance to GAG-degrading enzymes, including chondroitinases and heparinases, and susceptibility to heparinases increased when scallop HS was treated with mild acid hydrolysis, which removes the fucosyl group. Moreover, 1H NMR detected significant signals near 1.2-1.3 ppm corresponding to the H-6 methyl proton of fucose residues and small H-3 (3.59 ppm) or H-2 (3.39 ppm) signals of glucuronate (GlcA) were detected, suggesting that the fucose moiety is attached to the C-3 position of GlcA in scallop HS. GC-MS detected peaks corresponding to 1, 3, 5-tri-O-acetyl-2, 4-di-O-methyl-L-fucitol and 1, 4, 5-tri-O-acetyl-2, 3-di-O-methyl-L-fucitol, suggesting that the fucose moiety is 3-O- or 4-O-sulfated. Furthermore, scallop HS showed anti-coagulant and neurite outgrowth-promoting (NOP) activities. These results suggest that the midgut gland of scallops is a valuable source of Fuc-HS with biological activities.
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Z, Zhang Y, Ai C, Tian W, Wen C, Song S, Zhu B. An acidic polysaccharide from Patinopecten yessoensis skirt prevents obesity and improves gut microbiota and metabolism of mice induced by high-fat diet. Food Res Int 2022; 154:110980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
5
|
MILANOVIC J, MILADINOVIC M. The kinetics of heparin adsorption with Dowex 1x1 ion exchange resin. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.68222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
6
|
Higashi K, Okamoto Y, Toida T. Identification of Chondroitin Sulfates Having Unique Structures from Shellfish Using Chondroitinase ACII. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2019. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1758.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Yusuke Okamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Toshihiko Toida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Higashi K, Okamoto Y, Toida T. Identification of Chondroitin Sulfates Having Unique Structures from Shellfish Using Chondroitinase ACII. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2019. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1758.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Yusuke Okamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Toshihiko Toida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marine glycosaminoglycan-like carbohydrates as potential drug candidates for infectious disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:919-929. [PMID: 30026370 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), present in the extracellular matrix, are exploited by numerous, distinct microbes for cellular attachment, adhesion, invasion and evasion of the host immune system. Glycosaminoglycans, including the widely used, clinical anticoagulant heparin and semi-synthetic analogues thereof, have been reported to inhibit and disrupt interactions between microbial proteins and carbohydrates present on the surface of host cells. However, the anticoagulant properties of unmodified, pharmaceutical heparin preparations preclude their capabilities as therapeutics for infectious disease states. Here, unique Glycosaminoglycan-like saccharides from various, distinct marine species are reported for their potential use as therapeutics against infectious diseases; many of which possess highly attenuated anticoagulant activities, while retaining significant antimicrobial properties.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cao C, Song S, Wu S, Ai C, Liu H, Lu J, Wen C. Characterization and comparison of acidic polysaccharide populations in Atrina pectinata individuals. J Carbohydr Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2018.1438454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Cao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, U.S.A
| | - Sufeng Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Chunqing Ai
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Haiman Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Chengrong Wen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Okamoto Y, Higashi K, Linhardt RJ, Toida T. Comprehensive analysis of glycosaminoglycans from the edible shellfish. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 184:269-276. [PMID: 29352919 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide was branched to the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis. We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. The contents of CS, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid and their compositions depend on the species of shellfish. Interestingly, a peak corresponding to a pentasaccharide containing KS disaccharide was observed when GAGs from T. cornutus was treated with chondroitinase (Chase) ACII but not Chase ABC. In addition, unidentified peaks were also observed when CS derived from R. philippinarum, S. broughtonii were treated with Chase ACII. These results suggest the presence of additional unidentified structure of CS in these shellfish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kyohei Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Toshihiko Toida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang LC, Di LQ, Li JS, Hu LH, Cheng JM, Wu H. Elaboration in type, primary structure, and bioactivity of polysaccharides derived from mollusks. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:1091-1114. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1392289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Liu Qing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Song Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Li Hong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ming Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Oligosaccharide mapping of heparinase I-treated heparins by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography separation and online fluorescence detection and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry characterization. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1445:68-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
13
|
Nespovitaya N, Gath J, Barylyuk K, Seuring C, Meier BH, Riek R. Dynamic Assembly and Disassembly of Functional β-Endorphin Amyloid Fibrils. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:846-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Nespovitaya
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Gath
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Barylyuk
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carolin Seuring
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat H. Meier
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Riek
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cao J, Wen C, Lu J, Teng N, Song S, Zhu B. Characterization of acidic polysaccharides from the mollusks through acid hydrolysis. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 130:268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
15
|
Jasper JP, Zhang F, Poe RB, Linhardt RJ. Stable isotopic analysis of porcine, bovine, and ovine heparins. J Pharm Sci 2014; 104:457-63. [PMID: 25186630 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of provenance of heparin is becoming a major concern for the pharmaceutical industry and its regulatory bodies. Batch-specific [carbon (δ(13) C), nitrogen (δ(15) N), oxygen (δ(18) O), sulfur (δ(34) S), and hydrogen (δD)] stable isotopic compositions of five different animal-derived heparins were performed. Measurements readily allowed their differentiation into groups and/or subgroups based on their isotopic provenance. Principle component analysis showed that a bivariate plot of δ(13) C and δ(18) O is the best single, bivariate plot that results in the maximum discrimination ability when only two stable isotopes are used to describe the variation in the data set. Stable isotopic analyses revealed that (1) stable isotope measurements on these highly sulfated polysaccharide (molecular weight ∼15 kDa) natural products ("biologics") were feasible; (2) in bivariate plots, the δ(13) C versus δ(18) O plot reveals a well-defined relationship for source differentiation of hogs raised in the United States from hogs raised in Europe and China; (3) the δD versus δ(18) O plot revealed the most well-defined relationship for source differentiation based on the hydrologic environmental isotopes of water (D/H and (18) O/(16) O); and (4) the δ(15) N versus δ(18) O and δ(34) S versus δ(18) O relationships are both very similar, possibly reflecting the food sources used by the different heparin producers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P Jasper
- Molecular Isotope Technologies LLC, Niantic, Connecticut, 06357
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bi Q, Han B, Feng Y, Jiang Z, Yang Y, Liu W. Antithrombotic effects of a newly purified fibrinolytic protease from Urechis unicinctus. Thromb Res 2013; 132:e135-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Fu L, Li G, Yang B, Onishi A, Li L, Sun P, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Structural characterization of pharmaceutical heparins prepared from different animal tissues. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:1447-57. [PMID: 23526651 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although most pharmaceutical heparin used today is obtained from porcine intestine, heparin has historically been prepared from bovine lung and ovine intestine. There is some regulatory concern about establishing the species origin of heparin. This concern began with the outbreak of mad cow disease in the 1990s and was exacerbated during the heparin shortage in the 2000s and the heparin contamination crisis of 2007-2008. Three heparins from porcine, ovine, and bovine were characterized through state-of-the-art carbohydrate analysis methods with a view profiling their physicochemical properties. Differences in molecular weight, monosaccharide and disaccharide composition, oligosaccharide sequence, and antithrombin III-binding affinity were observed. These data provide some insight into the variability of heparins obtained from these three species and suggest some analytical approaches that may be useful in confirming the species origin of a heparin active pharmaceutical ingredient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Andrade GPV, Lima MA, de Souza Junior AA, Fareed J, Hoppensteadt DA, Santos EA, Chavante SF, Oliveira FW, Rocha HAO, Nader HB. A heparin-like compound isolated from a marine crab rich in glucuronic acid 2-O-sulfate presents low anticoagulant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:647-54. [PMID: 23544586 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A natural heparin-like compound isolated from the crab Goniopsis cruentata was structurally characterized and its anticoagulant and hemorrhagic activities were determined. Enzymatic and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that its structure is rich in disulfated disaccharides, possessing significant amounts of 2-O-sulfated-β-D-glucuronic acid units. Furthermore, low amounts of trisulfated disaccharide units containing 2-O-sulfated-α-L-iduronic acid were detected, when compared to mammalian heparin. In addition, this heparin-like structure showed negligible in vitro anticoagulant activity and low bleeding potency, facts that make it a suitable candidate for the development of structure-driven, heparin based therapeutic agents with fewer undesirable effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulianna P V Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shahbazi MA, Hamidi M. The impact of preparation parameters on typical attributes of chitosan-heparin nanohydrogels: particle size, loading efficiency, and drug release. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:1774-82. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.736518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
20
|
Protein adsorption and cytocompatibility of poly(L-lactic acid) surfaces modified with biomacromolecules. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
21
|
De Zoysa M. Medicinal benefits of marine invertebrates: sources for discovering natural drug candidates. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2012; 65:153-69. [PMID: 22361185 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416003-3.00009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine invertebrates are one of the major groups of organisms, which could be diversified under the major taxonomic groups of Porifera, Cnidaria, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and many other minor phyla. To date, range of medicinal benefits and a significant number of marine natural products (MNPs) have been discovered from marine invertebrates. Seafood diet from edible marine invertebrates such as mollusks and crustaceans has been linked with various medicinal benefits to improve human health. Among marine invertebrates, spongers from phylum Porifera is the most dominant group responsible for discovering large number of MNPs, which have been used as template to develop therapeutic drugs. MNPs isolated from invertebrates have shown wide range of therapeutic properties including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihypertensive, anticoagulant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and immune modulator, and other medicinal effects. Therefore, marine invertebrates are rich sources of chemical diversity and health benefits for developing drug candidates, cosmetics, nutritional supplements, and molecular probes that can be supported to increase the healthy life span of human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yamada S, Sugahara K, Ozbek S. Evolution of glycosaminoglycans: Comparative biochemical study. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 4:150-8. [PMID: 21655428 DOI: 10.4161/cib.4.2.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans, a major component of the extracellular matrix molecules in animal tissues, play important roles in various physiological events. Glycosaminoglycans are found in not only vertebrates but also many invertebrates, implying a conserved function in the animal kingdom. Here, we discuss the analysis of glycosaminoglycans in 11 invertebrate phyla focusing on structure as well as physiological functions elucidated in model organisms. Various sulfated structures of heparan sulfate are widely distributed from very primitive organisms to humans, indicating an involvement in fundamental biological processes. By contrast, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from lower organisms is limited in its structural complexity and often associated with a particular function. The presence of hyaluronic acid outside of vertebrates has been reported only in a mollusk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Yamada
- Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics; Faculty of Advanced Life Science; Graduate School of Life Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jiang C, Wang M, Liu J, Gan D, Zeng X. Extraction, preliminary characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities in vitro of polysaccharides from Cyclina sinensis. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
24
|
Lee DY, Khatun Z, Lee JH, Lee YK, In I. Blood Compatible Graphene/Heparin Conjugate through Noncovalent Chemistry. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:336-41. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Lee
- Departments of Polymer Science and Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chungju National University, Daehak-ro 72, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Zehedina Khatun
- Departments of Polymer Science and Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chungju National University, Daehak-ro 72, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Departments of Polymer Science and Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chungju National University, Daehak-ro 72, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-kyu Lee
- Departments of Polymer Science and Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chungju National University, Daehak-ro 72, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Insik In
- Departments of Polymer Science and Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chungju National University, Daehak-ro 72, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-702, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gomes AM, Kozlowski EO, Pomin VH, de Barros CM, Zaganeli JL, Pavão MSG. Unique extracellular matrix heparan sulfate from the bivalve Nodipecten nodosus (Linnaeus, 1758) safely inhibits arterial thrombosis after photochemically induced endothelial lesion. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:7312-23. [PMID: 20053999 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.091546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin-like glycans with diverse disaccharide composition and high anticoagulant activity have been described in several families of marine mollusks. The present work focused on the structural characterization of a new heparan sulfate (HS)-like polymer isolated from the mollusk Nodipecten nodosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and on its anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties. Total glycans were extracted from the mollusk and fractionated by ethanol precipitation. The main component (>90%) was identified as HS-like glycosaminoglycan, representing approximately 4.6 mg g(-1) of dry tissue. The mollusk HS resists degradation with heparinase I but is cleaved by nitrous acid. Analysis of the mollusk glycan by one-dimensional (1)H, two-dimensional correlated spectroscopy, and heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance revealed characteristic signals of glucuronic acid and glucosamine residues. Signals corresponding to anomeric protons of nonsulfated, 3- or 2-sulfated glucuronic acid as well as N-sulfated and/or 6-sulfated glucosamine were also observed. The mollusk HS has an anticoagulant activity of 36 IU mg(-1), 5-fold lower than porcine heparin (180 IU mg(-1)), as measured by the activated partial thromboplastin time assay. It also inhibits factor Xa (IC(50) = 0.835 microg ml(-1)) and thrombin (IC(50) = 9.3 microg ml(-1)) in the presence of antithrombin. In vivo assays demonstrated that at the dose of 1 mg kg(-1), the mollusk HS inhibited thrombus growth in photochemically injured arteries. No bleeding effect, factor XIIa-mediated kallikrein activity, or toxic effect on fibroblast cells was induced by the invertebrate HS at the antithrombotic dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica M Gomes
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Glicobiologia and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-590, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
High-performance liquid chromatography and on-line mass spectrometry detection for the analysis of chondroitin sulfates/hyaluronan disaccharides derivatized with 2-aminoacridone. Anal Biochem 2009; 397:12-23. [PMID: 19769935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed an on-line reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-MS) separation and structural characterization of hyaluronan (HA)/chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS) disaccharides released by enzymatic treatment and derivatized with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC), providing a high-resolution system also applicable by using a further fluorimetric detector (Fp) before ESI-MS spectral acquisition. Isomeric nonsulfated HA and CS/DS disaccharides, isomeric monosulfated and isomeric disulfated CS/DS disaccharides, and the trisulfated species were distinctly separated and unambiguously identified by their retention times and mass spectra in negative ionization mode. In general, no multiply charged ions were detected even for highly charged disaccharides, but the presence of desulfonated products for highly sulfated species due to the relative instability of sulfo groups was observed. RP-HPLC-ESI-MS of each AMAC disaccharide was found to be linear from 3 to 500 ng with very high coefficient of correlation values due to the high efficiency of separation and the sharp outline of the peaks. Various CS/DS samples were characterized for disaccharide composition, and minor oligomer species identified as GalNAcSO(4) at the nonreducing end of chains was observed as a common component of these macromolecules. Furthermore, purified endogenous normal human plasma CS disaccharides were also evaluated by means of RP-HPLC-(Fp)-ESI-MS.
Collapse
|
27
|
Mayer AMS, Rodríguez AD, Berlinck RGS, Hamann MT. Marine pharmacology in 2005-6: Marine compounds with anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities; affecting the cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems, and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:283-308. [PMID: 19303911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The review presents the 2005-2006 peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature, and follows a similar format to the authors' 1998-2004 reviews. The preclinical pharmacology of chemically characterized marine compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is systematically presented. RESULTS Anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis and antiviral activities were reported for 78 marine chemicals. Additionally 47 marine compounds were reported to affect the cardiovascular, immune and nervous system as well as possess anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 58 marine compounds were shown to bind to a variety of molecular targets, and thus could potentially contribute to several pharmacological classes. CONCLUSIONS Marine pharmacology research during 2005-2006 was truly global in nature, involving investigators from 32 countries, and the United States, and contributed 183 marine chemical leads to the research pipeline aimed at the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Continued preclinical and clinical research with marine natural products demonstrating a broad spectrum of pharmacological activity will probably result in novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of multiple disease categories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M S Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yu L, Gao Y, Yue X, Liu S, Dai Z. Novel hollow microcapsules based on iron-heparin complex multilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:13723-13729. [PMID: 18855487 DOI: 10.1021/la802611b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron-polysaccharide complex have been extensively utilized in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia for parenteral administration. Herein, a novel iron-heparin complexed hollow capsules with nanoscaled wall thickness have been fabricated by means of alternating deposition of ferric ions (III) (Fe+) and heparin (Hep) onto the surface of submicroscaled (488 nm) and microscaled (10.55 microm) polystyrene latex particles via both electrostatic interaction and chemical complexation processes, followed by dissolution of the cores using tetrahydrofuran. Confocal micrographs and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images prove that iron-heparin complexed submicroscaled hollow capsules keep spherical shapes in solution and even after drying. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay shows that complexing with ferric ions do not compromise the catalytic capacity of heparin to promote antithrombin III-mediated thrombin inactivation. The anticoagulant activity value of (Fe3+/Hep)8 capsules is evaluated to be about 95.7 U/mg, indicating that approximately 0.55 mg heparin was in 1 mg powder of submicroscaled (Fe3+/Hep)8 hollow capsules. Compared with the same dosage of heparin, iron-heparin complexed hollow capsules display a more prolonged anticoagulant duration than heparin. All these results reveal that such submicroscaled iron-heparin complexed hollow capsules have application potential as an injectable anticoagulant vehicle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Nanomedicine and Biosensor Laboratory, Bio-X Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Structural characterization and antithrombin activity of dermatan sulfate purified from marine clam Scapharca inaequivalvis. Glycobiology 2008; 19:356-67. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwn140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
30
|
Liu Z, Jiao Y, Liu F, Zhang Z. Heparin/chitosan nanoparticle carriers prepared by polyelectrolyte complexation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 83:806-12. [PMID: 17559117 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, novel nanoparticles were prepared by polyelectrolyte complexation between heparin and chitosan on simple and mild conditions. The size, polydispersity, zeta potential, and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized. Entrapment studies of the nanoparticles were conducted using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. Specifically, the effects of the pH value of chitosan solution, chitosan molecular weight (MW), chitosan concentration, heparin concentration, and BSA concentration on the nanoparticle size, the nanoparticle yield, and BSA entrapment were studied in detail. We found that, the size and the yield of the nanoparticles were affected by the above factors. The nanoparticle yield played a crucial role in BSA entrapment, namely, more nanoparticles could encapsulate more BSA. At length, suitably high pH value of chitosan solution, moderate chitosan MW, increasing both heparin concentration and chitosan concentration at an optimal concentration ratio favored more nanoparticles formed and consequently a higher BSA entrapment efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zonghua Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, 510632
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
de Barros CM, Andrade LR, Allodi S, Viskov C, Mourier PA, Cavalcante MCM, Straus AH, Takahashi HK, Pomin VH, Carvalho VF, Martins MA, Pavão MSG. The Hemolymph of the Ascidian Styela plicata (Chordata-Tunicata) Contains Heparin inside Basophil-like Cells and a Unique Sulfated Galactoglucan in the Plasma. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:1615-26. [PMID: 17114184 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m604056200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemolymph of ascidians (Chordata-Tunicata) contains different types of hemocytes embedded in a liquid plasma. In the present study, heparin and a sulfated heteropolysaccharide were purified from the hemolymph of the ascidian Styela plicata. The heteropolysaccharide occurs free in the plasma, is composed of glucose ( approximately 60%) and galactose ( approximately 40%), and is highly sulfated. Heparin, on the other hand, occurs in the hemocytes, and high performance liquid chromatography of the products formed by degradation with specific lyases revealed that it is composed mainly by the disaccharides DeltaUA(2SO(4))-1-->4-beta-d-GlcN(SO(4)) (39.7%) and DeltaUA(2SO(4))-1-->4-beta-d-GlcN(SO(4))(6SO(4)) (38.2%). Small amounts of the 3-O-sulfated disaccharides DeltaUA(2SO(4))-1-->4-beta-d-GlcN(SO(4))(3SO(4)) (9.8%) and DeltaUA(2SO(4))-1-->4-beta-d-GlcN(SO(4))(3SO(4))(6SO(4)) (3.8%) were also detected. These 3-O-sulfated disaccharides were demonstrated to be essential for the binding of the hemocyte heparin to antithrombin III. Electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize the ultrastructure of the hemocytes and to localize heparin and histamine in these cells. At least five cell types were recognized and classified as univacuolated and multivacuolated cells, amebocytes, hemoblasts, and granulocytes. Immunocytochemistry showed that heparin and histamine co-localize in intracellular granules of only one type of hemocyte, the granulocyte. These results show for the first time that in ascidians, a sulfated galactoglucan circulates free in the plasma, and heparin occurs as an intracellular product of a circulating basophil-like cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cintia M de Barros
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Volpi N, Maccari F. Electrophoretic approaches to the analysis of complex polysaccharides. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 834:1-13. [PMID: 16530493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Revised: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Complex polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), are a class of ubiquitous macromolecules exhibiting a wide range of biological functions. They are widely distributed as sidechains of proteoglycans (PGs) in the extracellular matrix and at cellular level. The recent emergence of enhanced analytical tools for their study has triggered a virtual explosion in the field of glycomics. Analytical electrophoretic separation techniques, including agarose-gel, capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE), of GAGs and GAG-derived oligosaccharides have been employed for the structural analysis and quantification of hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), keratan sulfate (KS), heparan sulfate (HS), heparin (Hep) and acidic bacterial polysaccharides. Furthermore, recent developments in the electrophoretic separation and detection of unsaturated disaccharides and oligosaccharides derived from GAGs by enzymatic or chemical degradation have made it possible to examine alterations of GAGs with respect to their amounts and fine structural features in various pathological conditions, thus becoming applicable for diagnosis. In this paper, the electromigration procedures developed to analyze and characterize complex polysaccharides are reviewed. Moreover, a critical evaluation of the biological relevance of the results obtained by these electrophoresis approaches is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Volpi
- Department of Biologia Animale, Biological Chemistry Section, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/d, 41100 Modena, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Volpi N, Maccari F. Glycosaminoglycan Composition of the Large Freshwater Mollusc Bivalve Anodonta anodonta. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:3174-80. [PMID: 16283743 DOI: 10.1021/bm0505033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, glycosaminoglycans from the body of the large freshwater mollusc bivalve Anodonta anodonta were recovered at about 0.6 mg/g of dry tissue, composed of chondroitin sulfate (approximately 38%), nonsulfated chondroitin (about 21%), and heparin (41%). This last polysaccharide was found to consist of a large percentage (approximately 88%) of a fast-moving species possessing a lower molecular mass and sulfate group amount and about 12% of a more sulfated, slow-moving component having a greater molecular mass. The chondroitin sulfate was composed of approximately 28% of the 6-sulfated disaccharide, 46% of the 4-sulfated disaccharide, and about 26% of the nonsulfated disaccharide, with a charge density value of 0.74. Heparin was subjected to the oligosaccharide mapping after treatment with heparinase and then separation of the resulting unsaturated oligosaccharides by SAX-HPLC. A heparin sample from Anodonta anodonta showed a degree of sulfation similar to that of bovine mucosal heparin because of the presence of approximately the same mol % of the trisulfated disaccharide (DeltaUA2S(1-->4)-alpha-D-GlcN2S6S), a slight modification of the other oligosaccharides, and a significant increase of the disaccharide bearing the sulfate group in position 3 of the N-sulfoglucosamine 6-sulfate (-->4)-beta-D-GlcA(1-->4)-alpha-D-GlcN2S3S6S(1-->) part of the ATIII-binding region. However, the anticoagulant activity of mollusc heparin was quite similar to that of pharmaceutical grade heparin. The data obtained again emphasize the heterogeneity of GAGs from molluscs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Volpi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|