1
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Moreno A, Bonduelle C. New Insights on the Chemical Origin of Life: The Role of Aqueous Polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA). Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300492. [PMID: 38264807 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
At the origin, the emergence of proteins was based on crucial prebiotic stages in which simple amino acids-based building blocks spontaneously evolved from the prebiotic soup into random proto-polymers called protoproteins. Despite advances in modern peptide synthesis, these prebiotic chemical routes to protoproteins remain puzzling. We discuss in this perspective how polymer science and systems chemistry are reaching a point of convergence in which simple monomers called N-carboxyanhydrides would be able to form such protoproteins via the emergence of a protometabolic cycle involving aqueous polymerization and featuring macromolecular Darwinism behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Moreno
- Instituto de Quimica, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, 04510, Mexico DF
| | - Colin Bonduelle
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO UMR5629, Univ. Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac, France
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2
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Beauseroy H, Grazon C, Antoine S, Badreldin M, Salas-Ambrosio P, Harrisson S, Garanger E, Lecommandoux S, Bonduelle C. Polypeptide- and Protein-Based Conjugate Nanoparticles via Aqueous Ring-Opening Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (ROPISA). Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400079. [PMID: 38662380 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates and polymeric nanomaterials hold great promise in many applications including biomaterials, medicine, or nanoelectronics. In this work, the first polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) approach performed in aqueous medium enabling protein-polymer conjugates and nanoparticles entirely composed of amino acids is presented by using ring-opening polymerization (ROP). It is indeed shown that aqueous ring-opening polymerization-induced self-assembly (ROPISA) can be used with protein or peptidic macroinitiators without prior chemical modification and afford the simple preparation of nanomaterials with protein-like property, for example, to implement biomimetic thermoresponsivity in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Beauseroy
- LCPO, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | - Chloe Grazon
- LCPO, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, Pessac, F-33600, France
- ISM, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5255, Talence, F-33400, France
| | - Segolene Antoine
- LCPO, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | - Mostafa Badreldin
- LCPO, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | - Pedro Salas-Ambrosio
- LCPO, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, Pessac, F-33600, France
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA
| | - Simon Harrisson
- LCPO, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | - Elisabeth Garanger
- LCPO, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | | | - Colin Bonduelle
- LCPO, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, Pessac, F-33600, France
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3
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McPartlon TJ, Osborne CT, Kramer JR. Glycosylated Polyhydroxyproline Is a Potent Antifreeze Molecule. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3325-3334. [PMID: 38775494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Molecules that inhibit the growth of ice crystals are highly desirable for applications in building materials, foods, and agriculture. Antifreezes are particularly essential in biomedicine for tissue banking, yet molecules currently in use have known toxic effects. Antifreeze glycoproteins have evolved naturally in polar fish species living in subzero climates, but practical issues with collection and purification have limited their commercial use. Here, we present a synthetic strategy using polymerization of amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides to produce polypeptide mimics of these potent natural antifreeze proteins. We investigated a set of mimics with varied structural properties and identified a glycopolypeptide with potent ice recrystallization inhibition properties. We optimized for molecular weight, characterized their conformations, and verified their cytocompatibility in a human cell line. Overall, we present a material that will have broad applications as a biocompatible antifreeze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J McPartlon
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Charles T Osborne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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4
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Capelôa L, Miravet Martí R, Duro-Castaño A, Nebot VJ, Barz M. Utility of Triethyloxonium Tetrafluoroborate for Chloride Removal during Sarcosine N-Carboxyanhydride Synthesis: Improving NCA Purity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304375. [PMID: 38563634 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The clinical translation of polysarcosine (pSar) as polyethylene glycol (PEG) replacement in the development of novel nanomedicines creates a broad demand of polymeric material in high-quality making high-purity sarcosine N-carboxyanhydride (Sar-NCA) as monomer for its production inevitable. Within this report, we present the use of triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate in Sar-NCA synthesis with focus on amino acid and chloride impurities to avoid the sublimation of Sar-NCAs. With a view towards upscaling into kilogram or ton scale, a new methodology of monomer purification is introduced by utilizing the Meerwein's Salt triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate to remove chloride impurities by covalent binding and converting chloride ions into volatile products within a single step. The novel straightforward technique enables access to monomers with significantly reduced chloride content (<100 ppm) compared to Sar-NCA derived by synthesis or sublimation. The derived monomers enable the controlled-living polymerization in DMF and provide access to pSar polymers with Poisson-like molecular weight distribution within a high range of chain lengths (Xn 25-200). In conclusion, the reported method can be easily applied to Sar-NCA synthesis or purification of commercially available pSar-NCAs and eases access to well-defined hetero-telechelic pSar polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Capelôa
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), University Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (JGU), Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Vicent J Nebot
- Curapath, Av. Benjamin Franklin 19, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Matthias Barz
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), University Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (JGU), Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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5
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Deleray AC, Saini SS, Wallberg AC, Kramer JR. Synthetic Antifreeze Glycoproteins with Potent Ice-Binding Activity. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:3424-3434. [PMID: 38699199 PMCID: PMC11064932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) are produced by extremophiles to defend against tissue damage in freezing climates. Cumbersome isolation from polar fish has limited probing AFGP molecular mechanisms of action and limited development of bioinspired cryoprotectants for application in agriculture, foods, coatings, and biomedicine. Here, we present a rapid, scalable, and tunable route to synthetic AFGPs (sAFGPs) using N-carboxyanhydride polymerization. Our materials are the first mimics to harness the molecular size, chemical motifs, and long-range conformation of native AFGPs. We found that ice-binding activity increases with chain length, Ala is a key residue, and the native protein sequence is not required. The glycan structure had only minor effects, and all glycans examined displayed antifreeze activity. The sAFGPs are biodegradable, nontoxic, internalized into endocytosing cells, and bystanders in cryopreservation of human red blood cells. Overall, our sAFGPs functioned as surrogates for bona fide AFGPs, solving a long-standing challenge in accessing natural antifreeze materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Deleray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Simranpreet S Saini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Alexander C Wallberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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6
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Morrison C, Chan EP, Lee T, Deming TJ. Switchable Coacervate Formation via Amino Acid Functionalization of Poly(dehydroalanine). Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2554-2562. [PMID: 38426942 PMCID: PMC11005011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Our group recently developed a family of side-chain amino acid-functionalized poly(S-alkyl-l-homocysteines), Xaa-CH (Xaa = generic amino acid), which possess the ability to form environmentally responsive coacervates in water. In an effort to further study how the molecular structure affects polypeptide coacervate formation, we prepared side-chain amino acid-functionalized poly(S-alkyl-rac-cysteines), Xaa-rac-C, via post-polymerization modification of poly(dehydroalanine), ADH. The use of the ADH platform allowed straightforward synthesis of a diverse range of side-chain amino acid-functionalized polypeptides via direct reaction of unprotected l-amino acid 2-mercaptoethylamides with ADH. Despite their differences in the main-chain structure, we found that Xaa-rac-C can form coacervates with properties similar to those seen with Xaa-CH. These results suggest that the incorporation of side-chain amino acids onto polypeptides may be a way to generally favor coacervation. The incorporation of l-methionine in Met-rac-C allowed the preparation of coacervates with improved stability against high ionic strength media. Further, the presence of additional thioether groups in Met-rac-C resulted in an increased solubility change upon oxidation allowing facile reversible redox switching of coacervate formation in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey
A. Morrison
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ethan P. Chan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Thatcher Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Timothy J. Deming
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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7
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Kabil MF, Azzazy HMES, Nasr M. Recent progress on polySarcosine as an alternative to PEGylation: Synthesis and biomedical applications. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123871. [PMID: 38301810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Biotherapeutic PEGylation to prolong action of medications has gained popularity over the last decades. Various hydrophilic natural polymers have been developed to tackle the drawbacks of PEGylation, such as its accelerated blood clearance and non-biodegradability. Polypeptoides, such as polysarcosine (pSar), have been explored as hydrophilic substitutes for PEG. pSar has PEG-like physicochemical characteristics such as water solubility and no reported cytotoxicity and immunogenicity. This review discusses pSar derivatives, synthesis, characterization approaches, biomedical applications, in addition to the challenges and future perspectives of pSar based biomaterials as an alternative to PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fawzi Kabil
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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8
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Luo Z, Yuan Y, Li L, Xie D, Liu C, Li T, Guo Z, Hao K, Li Y, Tian H. Facile Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Poly(ethylene glycol)- b-poly(amino acid)s by Relay Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1096-1107. [PMID: 38216512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Poly(amino acid)s (PAAs) are one kind of favorable biopolymer that can be used as a drug or gene carrier. However, conventional ring-opening polymerization of PAAs is slow and needs a strict anhydrous environment with an anhydrous reagent as well as the product without enough high molecular weight (Mn), which limits the expanding of PAAs' application. Herein, we took BLG-NCA as the monomer to quickly synthesize one kind of high Mn amphiphilic copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamic acid) (PEG-PBLG), by relay polymerization with a simple one-pot method within 3 h in mild conditions (open air, moisture insensitive). In the polymerization process, ring-opening polymerization-induced self-assembly in sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution first occurred to obtain low Mn PEG-PBLG seeds without purification. Then γ-benzyl-l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (BLG-NCA) dichloromethane solution was added into PEG-PBLG seeds directly and stirred vigorously to form am emulsion; during this process, the amphiphilic PEG-PBLG seeds will anchor on the interface of DCM and water to ensure the concentration of α-helix rigid PBLG in DCM to maintain the following relay polymerization. Then, high Mn PEG-PBLG was obtained in mild conditions in one pot. We found that the α-helix rigid structure was essential for relay polymerization by studying the synthetic speed of amphiphilic copolymer with different secondary structures. MOE simulation results showed that PBLG and BLG-NCA tended to form a double hydrogen bond, which was beneficial to relay polymerization because of higher local concentrations that can produce more double hydrogen bonds. Our strategy can quickly obtain high Mn PEG-PBLG (224.9 KDa) within 3 h from PEG-NH2 and BLG-NCA in one pot and did not need an extra initiator. After deprotection, the poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-glutamate acid) (PEG-PGA) with high Mn as a second product can be used as an excellent antitumor drug carrier. The high Mn PEG-PGA can achieve an encapsulation rate of 86.7% and a drug loading rate of 47.3%, which is twice that of the low Mn PEG-PGA. As a result, the synthesis of PEG-PBLG by relay polymerization simplified the process of PEG-PAA polymerization and increased the Mn. In addition, this method opened a way to obtain other kinds of high Mn PEG-PBLG values in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yunan Yuan
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ling Li
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dayang Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhaopei Guo
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Kai Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Huayu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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9
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Detwiler R, McPartlon TJ, Coffey CS, Kramer JR. Clickable Polyprolines from Azido-proline N-Carboxyanhydride. ACS POLYMERS AU 2023; 3:383-393. [PMID: 37841952 PMCID: PMC10571246 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyproline is a material of great interest in biomedicine due to its helical scaffold of structural importance in collagen and mucins and its ability to gel and to change conformations in response to temperature. Appending of function-modulating chemical groups to such a material is desirable to diversify potential applications. Here, we describe the synthesis of high-molecular-weight homo, block, and statistical polymers of azide-functionalized proline. The azide groups served as moieties for highly efficient click-grafting, as stabilizers of the polyproline PPII helix, and as modulators of thermoresponsiveness. Saccharides and ethylene glycol were utilized to explore small-molecule grafting, and glutamate polymers were utilized to form polyelectrolyte bottlebrush architectures. Secondary structure effects of both the azide and click modifications, as well as lower critical solution temperature behavior, were characterized. The polyazidoprolines and click products were well tolerated by live human cells and are expected to find use in diverse biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel
E. Detwiler
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Thomas J. McPartlon
- Department
of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Clara S. Coffey
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jessica R. Kramer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department
of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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10
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Benavides I, Scott WA, Cai X, Zhou ZH, Deming TJ. Preparation and stability of pegylated poly(S-alkyl-L-homocysteine) coacervate core micelles in aqueous media. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2023; 46:81. [PMID: 37707598 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
We report development and preparation of synthetic polypeptide based, coacervate core polyelectrolyte complex micelles, PCMs, in aqueous media, which were characterized and evaluated for the encapsulation and in vitro release of a model single-stranded RNA, polyadenylic acid, poly(A). Cationic, α-helical polypeptides pegylated at their N-termini, PEG113-b-5bn and PEG113-b-5cn, were designed to form coacervate core PCMs upon mixing with multivalent anions in aqueous media. Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and poly(A) were used as model multivalent anions that allowed optimization of polypeptide composition and chain length for formation of stable, nanoscale PCMs. PEG113-b-5c27 was selected for preparation of PCMs that were characterized under different environmental conditions using dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy and cryoelectron microscopy. The PCMs were found to efficiently encapsulate poly(A), were stable at physiologically relevant pH and solution ionic strength, and were able to release poly(A) in the presence of excess polyvalent anions. These PCMs were found to be a promising model system for further development of polypeptide based therapeutic delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Benavides
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wendell A Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiaoying Cai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Z Hong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Timothy J Deming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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11
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Kohout VR, Wardzala CL, Kramer JR. Mirror Image Mucins and Thio Mucins with Tunable Biodegradation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16573-16583. [PMID: 37473442 PMCID: PMC11080933 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Mucin glycoproteins are the major component of mucus and are integral to the cellular glycocalyx. Mucins play diverse roles in health and disease, are an important element in epithelial tissue models, and have broad therapeutic potential. All mucin applications are currently challenged by their inherent structural heterogeneity and degradation by proteases. In this study, we describe the synthesis and study of chemically defined mucin analogues bearing native glycans. We utilized combinations of enantiomer amino acids and glycan thioether linkages to achieve tunable proteolysis while maintaining cytocompatibility and binding activity. Structural characterization revealed a previously unknown mirror-image helix and sheds light on the molecular drivers of glycoprotein conformation. This work represents an important step toward the development of artificial mucins for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Kohout
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Casia L Wardzala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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12
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Webb DA, Meyer MJ, Medubi KM, Tylek AS, Yocum GT, Roni MSR, Zahn NM, Swartwout SA, Masoud AK, Emala CW, Stafford DC, Arnold LA. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Spiro Imidazobenzodiazepines to Identify Improved Inhaled Bronchodilators. J Med Chem 2023; 66:9853-9865. [PMID: 37418196 PMCID: PMC10833105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR) ligands structurally related to imidazobenzodiazepine MIDD0301 were synthesized using spiro-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs). These compounds demonstrated increased resistance to phase 2 metabolism and avoided the formation of a 6H isomer. Compound design was guided by molecular docking using the available crystal structure of the α1β3γ2 GABAAR and correlated with in vitro binding data. The carboxylic acid containing GABAAR ligands have high aqueous solubility, low permeability, and low cell toxicity. The inability of GABAAR ligands to cross the blood-brain barrier was confirmed in vivo by the absence of sensorimotor inhibition. Pharmacological activities at lung GABAARs were demonstrated by ex vivo relaxation of guinea pig airway smooth muscle and reduction of methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in conscious mice. We identified bronchodilator 5c with an affinity of 9 nM for GABAARs that was metabolically stable in the presence of human and mouse microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Webb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Michelle J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Kayode M Medubi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Anika S Tylek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Gene T Yocum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - M S Rashid Roni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Nicolas M Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Sarah A Swartwout
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Ahmad K Masoud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | | | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
- Pantherics Incorporated, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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13
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Sun Y, Zhang Y, Guo X, Wang Y, He P, Xiao C. Oxidation Responsive PEGylated Polyamino Acid Bearing Thioether Pendants for Enhanced Anticancer Drug Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200498. [PMID: 36610012 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological tissues are in a state of dynamic balance. However, many diseases such as cancer and inflammation, are accompanied by a long-term increase in ROS. This situation inspires researchers to use ROS-sensitive nanocarriers for a site-specific release of cargo in pathological areas. Polyamino acid materials with good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and regular secondary structure are widely used in the biomedical field. Herein, a new oxidation responsive PEGylated polyamino acid is synthesised for anticancer drug delivery by ring-opening polymerisation of N-carboxyanhydrides bearing thioether pendants. The obtained block copolymer mPEG-b-PMLG self-assembles into spherical nanoparticles (NPs) in water with diameter ≈68.3 nm. NMR measurement demonstrated that the hydrophobic thioether pendants in the NPs can be selectively oxidised to hydrophilic sulfoxide groups by H2 O2 , which will lead to the disassociation of NPs. In vitro drug release results indicated that the encapsulated Nile red is selectively released in the trigger of 10 mM H2 O2 in PBS. Finally, anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is encapsulated to the NPs, and the obtained NPs/DOX exhibits an improved antitumor efficacy in 4T1 tumour-bearing mice and lower cardiotoxicity than free DOX. These results indicates that the mPEG-b-PMLG NPs are promising for anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Pan He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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14
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Clauss ZS, Meudom R, Su B, VandenBerg MA, Saini SS, Webber MJ, Chou DHC, Kramer JR. Supramolecular Protein Stabilization with Zwitterionic Polypeptide-Cucurbit[7]uril Conjugates. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:481-488. [PMID: 36512327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is an obstacle for the development of new biopharmaceuticals, presenting challenges in shipping and storage of vital therapies. Though a variety of materials and methods have been explored, the need remains for a simple material that is biodegradable, nontoxic, and highly efficient at stabilizing protein therapeutics. In this work, we investigated zwitterionic polypeptides prepared using a rapid and scalable polymerization technique and conjugated to a supramolecular macrocycle host, cucurbit[7]uril, for the ability to inhibit aggregation of model protein therapeutics insulin and calcitonin. The polypeptides are based on the natural amino acid methionine, and zwitterion sulfonium modifications were compared to analogous cationic and neutral structures. Each polymer was end-modified with a single cucurbit[7]uril macrocycle to afford supramolecular recognition and binding to terminal aromatic amino acids on proteins. Only conjugates prepared from zwitterionic structures of sufficient chain lengths were efficient inhibitors of insulin aggregation and could also inhibit aggregation of calcitonin. This polypeptide exhibited no cytotoxicity in human cells even at concentrations that were five-fold of the intended therapeutic regime. We explored treatment of the zwitterionic polypeptides with a panel of natural proteases and found steady biodegradation as expected, supporting eventual clearance when used as a protein formulation additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Clauss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Rolande Meudom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Bo Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Michael A VandenBerg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Simranpreet S Saini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew J Webber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Danny Hung-Chieh Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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15
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Detwiler RE, Kramer JR. Preparation and applications of artificial mucins in biomedicine. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022; 26:101031. [PMID: 37283850 PMCID: PMC10243510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2022.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is an essential barrier material that separates organisms from the outside world. This slippery material regulates the transport of nutrients, drugs, gases, and pathogens toward the cell surface. The surface of the cell itself is coated in a mucus-like barrier of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Mucin glycoproteins are the primary component of mucus and the epithelial glycocalyx. Aberrant mucin production is implicated in diverse disease states from cancer and inflammation to pre-term birth and infection. Biological mucins are inherently heterogenous in structure, which has challenged understanding their molecular functions as a barrier and as biochemically active proteins. Therefore, many synthetic materials have been developed as artificial mucins with precisely tunable structures. This review highlights advances in design and synthesis of artificial mucins and their application in biomedical studies of mucin chemistry, biology, and physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Detwiler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch
Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jessica R. Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch
Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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16
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Kohout VR, Wardzala CL, Kramer JR. Synthesis and biomedical applications of mucin mimic materials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114540. [PMID: 36228896 PMCID: PMC10066857 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mucin glycoproteins are the major component of mucus and coat epithelial cell surfaces forming the glycocalyx. The glycocalyx and mucus are involved in the transport of nutrients, drugs, gases, and pathogens toward the cell surface. Mucins are also involved in diverse diseases such as cystic fibrosis and cancer. Due to inherent heterogeneity in native mucin structure, many synthetic materials have been designed to probe mucin chemistry, biology, and physics. Such materials include various glycopolymers, low molecular weight glycopeptides, glycopolypeptides, polysaccharides, and polysaccharide-protein conjugates. This review highlights advances in the area of design and synthesis of mucin mimic materials, and their biomedical applications in glycan binding, epithelial models of infection, therapeutic delivery, vaccine formulation, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Kohout
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Casia L Wardzala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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17
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Schirra DS, Götz P, Lehmann M, Thiele CM. Atropisomerism in a polyglutamate-based thermoresponsive alignment medium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7511-7514. [PMID: 35708488 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01982e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structure elucidation via residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) relies on alignment media. We report on lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) of poly-γ-p-biphenyl(2'-methoxy-2-methyl)methyl-L-glutamate (PBPM3LG). Temperature dependent atropisomerism within the biphenyl group enables the acquisition of multiple RDC-datasets within one sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic S Schirra
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Research and Laboratory Center M3, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Philipp Götz
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Research and Laboratory Center M3, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina M Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Research and Laboratory Center M3, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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18
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Li Y, Chang R, Chen YX. Recent advances in post-polymerization modifications on polypeptides: synthesis and applications. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200318. [PMID: 35576055 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptides, a kind of very promising biomaterial, have shown a wide range of applications due to their excellent biocompatibility, easy accessibility, and structural variability. To synthesize polypeptides with desired functions, post-polymerization modification (PPM) plays an important role in introducing novel chemical structure on their side-chains. The key of PPM strategy is to develop highly selective and efficient reactions that can couple the additional functional moieties with pre-installed side-chain functionalities on polypeptides. In this minireview, classic PPM reactions and especially their recent progresses are summarized, including different modification approaches for unsaturated alkyl group, oxygen-containing functional group, nitrogen-containing functional group, sulfur-containing functional group and other special functional group on side chains. In addition, this review also highlights the applications of structure-diversified polypeptides generated via PPM strategy in the field of biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry, Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Rong Chang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry, Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Yong-Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, 100084, China, 100084, Beiing, CHINA
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19
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Deleray AC, Kramer JR. Biomimetic Glycosylated Polythreonines by N-Carboxyanhydride Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1453-1461. [PMID: 35104406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylated threonine (Thr) is a structural motif found in seemingly disparate natural proteins from deep-sea collagen to mucins. Synthetic mimics of these important proteins are of great interest in biomedicine. Such materials also provide ready access to probe the contributions of individual amino acids to protein structure in a controlled and tunable manner. N-Carboxyanhydride (NCA) polymerization is one major route to such biomimetic polypeptides. However, challenges in the preparation and polymerization of Thr NCAs have impeded obtaining such structures. Here, we present optimized routes to several glycosylated and acetylated Thr NCAs of high analytical purity. Transition metal catalysis produced tunable homo-, statistical, and block-polypeptides with predictable chain lengths and low dispersities. We conducted structural work to examine their aqueous conformations and found that a high content of free OH Thr induces the formation of water-insoluble β-sheets. However, glycosylation appears to induce a polyproline II-type helical conformation, which sheds light on the role of glyco-Thr in rigid proteins such as mucins and collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Deleray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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20
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Salas-Ambrosio P, Tronnet A, Badreldin M, Ji S, Lecommandoux S, Harrisson S, Verhaeghe P, Bonduelle C. Effect of N-alkylation in N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) ring-opening polymerization kinetics. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00985d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
N-carboxyanhydrides ring-opening polymerization (ROP) showed that electron-donating groups of the N-alkylation enhanced the ROP kinetic rates through an inductive effect that could counterbalance the steric hindrance during the propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoine Tronnet
- LCC-CNRS, UPR8241, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mostafa Badreldin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Sifan Ji
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | | | - Simon Harrisson
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Pierre Verhaeghe
- LCC-CNRS, UPR8241, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU de Nîmes, service de Pharmacie, Nîmes, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Colin Bonduelle
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
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21
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Clauss ZS, Kramer JR. Polypeptoids and Peptoid-Peptide Hybrids by Transition Metal Catalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 14:22781-22789. [PMID: 34968034 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Peptoids have attracted attention for application in biomedicine due to their advantageous properties as compared to peptides. The structural analogues are typically resistant to protease degradation and offer improved biocompatibility. Chemical routes to an impressive variety of short-chain, low-molecular-weight peptoids are well-established. However, synthetic methods for well-defined, high-molecular-weight polypeptoids with side chain diversity are still in their infancy. Here, we report a facile method for synthesis of polypeptoids via transition-metal-catalyzed controlled, living polymerization of N-substituted N-carboxyanhydrides. Our method is amenable to hydrophilic and hydrophobic side chains and yields high-molecular-weight linear polypeptoids of predictable length and low dispersity. Further, the polymer end groups can be tuned for biological targeting, and polypeptide-polypeptoid hybrids are readily prepared in one pot. Our materials are indeed resistant to common proteases and are well-tolerated by human cells. Overall, this work represents a significant stride toward access to tunable polypeptoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Clauss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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22
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Tian ZY, Zhang Z, Wang S, Lu H. A moisture-tolerant route to unprotected α/β-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides and facile synthesis of hyperbranched polypeptides. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5810. [PMID: 34608139 PMCID: PMC8490447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A great hurdle in the production of synthetic polypeptides lies in the access of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA) monomers, which requires dry solvents, Schlenk line/gloveboxe, and protection of side-chain functional groups. Here we report a robust method for preparing unprotected NCA monomers in air and under moisture. The method employs epoxy compounds as ultra-fast scavengers of hydrogen chloride to allow assisted ring-closure and prevent NCA from acid-catalyzed decomposition under moist conditions. The broad scope and functional group tolerance of the method are demonstrated by the facile synthesis of over 30 different α/β-amino acid NCAs, including many otherwise inaccessible compounds with reactive functional groups, at high yield, high purity, and up to decagram scales. The utility of the method and the unprotected NCAs is demonstrated by the facile synthesis of two water-soluble polypeptides that are promising candidates for drug delivery and protein modification. Overall, our strategy holds great potential for facilitating the synthesis of NCA and expanding the industrial application of synthetic polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-You Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengchu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Zhou P, Li Z, Lu Y, Kong J, Ling J. Telechelic Triblock Poly(
α‐Amino
Acid)‐Poly(Tetrahydrofuran)‐Poly(
α‐Amino
Acid) Copolymers:
Chain‐End
Transformation, Polymerization and
pH‐Responsive
Hydrolysis
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Zixian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Yanzhi Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Jie Kong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Zhejiang 710072 China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
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24
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Detwiler RE, Schlirf AE, Kramer JR. Rethinking Transition Metal Catalyzed N-Carboxyanhydride Polymerization: Polymerization of Pro and AcOPro N-Carboxyanhydrides. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11482-11489. [PMID: 34283588 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyproline (PP) based polypeptides have broad applications as protein mimics, ordered materials, hydrogels, and surface coatings. However, a lack of rapid and efficient preparatory methods has challenged synthesis of well-defined high molecular weight materials. Here, we report facile and high-yielding methods for preparation and polymerization of Pro and trans-4-acetoxy-Pro N-carboxyanhdrides (NCAs). For decades, transition metal initiators of NCA polymerization were assumed to be nonstarters with Pro due to the lack of an amide NH proton. We carefully considered the known steps in the initiation mechanism and applied a Ni initiator that intercepts an intermediate and does not require an NH group. This initiator efficiently catalyzes controlled, living polymerization of Pro NCAs, revealing that routes alternate to the previously proposed mechanism must be at play. We also found Co species can catalyze Pro NCA polymerization, and we improved the synthetic methods to prepare the NCA monomers. Our methods are high-yielding and rapid and give tunable, end-functional PP-based homo, statistical, and block polypeptides. We characterized the conformation of PP and trans-4-hydroxy-PP by CD and confirmed the time scale for quantitative conversion from PPI to PPII helices. Overall, our data shed light on the general propagation mechanism of transition metal catalyzed NCA polymerization and have opened the door for efficient preparation of a desirable class of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Detwiler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Austin E Schlirf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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25
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Tan Z, Song Z, Xue T, Zheng L, Jiang L, Jiang Y, Fu Z, Nguyen A, Leal C, Cheng J. Open-air synthesis of oligo(ethylene glycol)-functionalized polypeptides from non-purified N-carboxyanhydrides. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4120-4126. [PMID: 33949455 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00223f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With PEG-like properties, such as hydrophilicity and stealth effect against protein absorption, oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-functionalized polypeptides have emerged as a new class of biomaterials alternative to PEG with polypeptide-like properties. Synthesis of this class of materials, however, has been demonstrated very challenging, as the synthesis and purification of OEG-functionalized N-carboxyanhydrides (OEG-NCAs) in high purity, which is critical for the success in polymerization, is tedious and often results in low yield. OEG-functionalized polypeptides are therefore only accessible to a few limited labs with expertise in this specialized NCA chemistry and materials. Here, we report the controlled synthesis of OEG-functionalized polypeptides in high yield directly from the OEG-functionalized amino acids via easy and reproducible polymerization of non-purified OEG-NCAs. The prepared amphiphilic block copolypeptides can self-assemble into narrowly dispersed nanoparticles in water, which show properties suitable for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhong Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Tianrui Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Lining Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yunjiang Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Zihuan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Cecilia Leal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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26
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Liu J, Huang J, Xin P, Liu G, Wu J. Biomedical applications of methionine-based systems. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1961-1973. [PMID: 33537687 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02180f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Methionine (Met), an essential amino acid in the human body, possesses versatile features based on its chemical modification, cell metabolism and metabolic derivatives. Benefitting from its multifunctional properties, Met holds immense potential for biomedical applications. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent progress in Met-based strategies for biomedical applications. First, given the unique structural characteristics of Met, two chemical modification methods are briefly introduced. Subsequently, due to the disordered metabolic state of tumor cells, applications of Met in cancer treatment and diagnosis are summarized in detail. Furthermore, the efficacy of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), as the most important metabolic derivative of Met, for treating liver diseases is mentioned. Finally, we analyze the current challenges and development trends of Met in the biomedical field, and suggest that Met-restriction therapy might be a promising approach to treat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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27
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Zhu S, Xue R, Yu Z, Zhang X, Luan S, Tang H. Transition of Conformation and Solubility in β-Sheet-Structured Poly(l-cysteine)s with Methylthio or Sulfonium Pendants. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1211-1219. [PMID: 33533606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Poly(l-cysteine)s with methylthio pendants (PMTLCs) were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of a new l-cysteine-based N-carboxyanhydride. The thioether bonds of PMTLC can be readily oxidized by H2O2 yielding water-soluble PMTLCOX. The methylthio groups can undergo an alkylation reaction using methyl iodide and a subsequent ion-exchange reaction yielding sulfonium-based polypeptides (PPLC-DMS-X, where X = I, BF4). PPLC-DMS-X showed upper critical solution temperature-type thermo- and oxidation-responsive properties in aqueous solutions. Both PMTLC and PPLC-DMS-X showed oxidation-induced β-sheet to α-helix transitions. The absorbance of PPLC-DMS-I and methyl orange aqueous solution displayed a significant linear correlation with temperature, which makes the sulfonium-based polypeptides good candidates in the field of temperature sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Ruizhong Xue
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zikun Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shifang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Haoyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.,Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Clauss ZS, Kramer JR. Design, synthesis and biological applications of glycopolypeptides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 169:152-167. [PMID: 33352223 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play essential structural and biochemical roles in all living organisms. Glycopolymers are attractive as well-defined biomimetic analogs to study carbohydrate-dependent processes, and are widely applicable biocompatible materials in their own right. Glycopolypeptides have shown great promise in this area since they are closer structural mimics of natural glycoproteins than other synthetic glycopolymers and can serve as carriers for biologically active carbohydrates. This review highlights advances in the area of design and synthesis of such materials, and their biomedical applications in therapeutic delivery, tissue engineering, and beyond.
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29
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Synthesis of poly(Asparagine-co-phenylalanine) copolymers, analogy with thermosensitive poly(acrylamide-co-styrene) copolymers and formation of PEGylated nanoparticles. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Blocher McTigue WC, Voke E, Chang LW, Perry SL. The benefit of poor mixing: kinetics of coacervation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20643-20657. [PMID: 32895678 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03224g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Complex coacervation has become a prominent area of research in the fields of food science, personal care, drug stabilization, and more. However, little has been reported on the kinetics of assembly of coacervation itself. Here, we describe a simple, low-cost way of looking at the kinetics of coacervation by creating poorly mixed samples. In particular, we examine how polymer chain length, the patterning and symmetry of charges on the oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, and the presence of salt and a zwitterionic buffer affect the kinetics of complex coacervation. Our results suggest an interesting relationship between the time for equilibration and the order of addition of polymers with asymmetric patterns of charge. Furthermore, we demonstrated that increasing polymer chain length resulted in a non-monotonic trend in the sample equilibration times as a result of opposing factors such as excluded volume and diffusion. We also observed differences in the rate of sample equilibration based on the presence of a neutral, zwitterionic buffer, as well as the presence and identity of added salt, consistent with previous reports of salt-specific effects on the rheology of complex coacervates. While not a replacement for more advanced characterization strategies, this turbidity-based method could serve as a screening tool to identify interesting and unique phenomena for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Voke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA.
| | - Li-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA.
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA.
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31
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Salas-Ambrosio P, Tronnet A, Verhaeghe P, Bonduelle C. Synthetic Polypeptide Polymers as Simplified Analogues of Antimicrobial Peptides. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:57-75. [PMID: 32786537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring macromolecules made of amino acids that are potent broad-spectrum antibiotics with potential as novel therapeutic agents. This review aims to summarize the fundamental principles concerning the structure and mechanism of action of these AMPs, in order to guide the design of polymeric analogues that organic chemistry can generate. Among those simplified analogues, this review particularly focuses on those made of amino acids called polypeptide polymers: they are showing great potential by providing one of the best biomimetic and bioactive structures for further biomaterials science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoine Tronnet
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Pierre Verhaeghe
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Colin Bonduelle
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
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32
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Xue T, Song Z, Wang Y, Zhu B, Zhao Z, Tan Z, Wang X, Xia Y, Cheng J. Streamlined Synthesis of PEG-Polypeptides Directly from Amino Acids. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Li Y, Tom JC, Biehl P, Ling J, Schacher FH. Block Polypeptoids: Synthesis, Characterization, and Response Toward Irradiation with UV Light and Temperature. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jessica C. Tom
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Philip Biehl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Alcaraz Janßen M, Thiele CM. Poly-γ-S-perillyl-l-glutamate and Poly-γ-S-perillyl-d-glutamate: Diastereomeric Alignment Media Used for the Investigation of the Alignment Process. Chemistry 2020; 26:7831-7839. [PMID: 32134524 PMCID: PMC7384199 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) offer additional information for structure elucidation by NMR spectroscopy. They are measured in anisotropic media, such as lyotropic liquid crystalline phases of polypeptides. Today, some suitable polypeptides are known. Nevertheless, structural influences of these polypeptides on the alignment properties are not really understood. Thus, which influence a chiral side chain has on enantiodiscrimination and whether we can improve the enantiodifferentiation significantly by adding an additional chiral center in the side chain are questions of interest. Therefore, new diastereomeric polypeptide-based alignment media with an additional chiral center in the side chain derived from perillyl alcohol were synthesized and their properties were investigated (secondary structure, liquid crystallinity, etc.). The enantiomers of isopinocampheol and β-pinene were used as model analytes for the study of enantiodiscrimination. Additionally, the usage of 1 H-1 H-RDCs to improve the alignment tensor quality is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Alcaraz Janßen
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 1664287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Christina M. Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 1664287DarmstadtGermany
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35
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Nguyen M, Ferji K, Lecommandoux S, Bonduelle C. Amphiphilic Nucleobase-Containing Polypeptide Copolymers-Synthesis and Self-Assembly. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1357. [PMID: 32560277 PMCID: PMC7362222 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleobase-containing polymers are an emerging class of building blocks for the self-assembly of nanoobjects with promising applications in nanomedicine and biology. Here we present a macromolecular engineering approach to design nucleobase-containing polypeptide polymers incorporating thymine that further self-assemble in nanomaterials. Diblock and triblock copolypeptide polymers were prepared using sequential ring-opening polymerization of γ-Benzyl-l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (BLG-NCA) and γ-Propargyl-l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (PLG-NCA), followed by an efficient copper(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) functionalization with thymidine monophosphate. Resulting amphiphilic copolymers were able to spontaneously form nanoobjects in aqueous solutions avoiding a pre-solubilization step with an organic solvent. Upon self-assembly, light scattering measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the impact of the architecture (diblock versus triblock) on the morphology of the resulted nanoassemblies. Interestingly, the nucleobase-containing nanoobjects displayed free thymine units in the shell that were found available for further DNA-binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR CNRS 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, CEDEX 04, 31077 Toulouse, France;
| | - Khalid Ferji
- University of Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | | | - Colin Bonduelle
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR CNRS 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, CEDEX 04, 31077 Toulouse, France;
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France;
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36
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Pottanam Chali S, Ravoo BJ. Adamantane‐Terminated Polypeptides: Synthesis by
N
‐Carboxyanhydride Polymerization and Template‐Based Self‐Assembly of Responsive Nanocontainers via Host–Guest Complexation with β‐Cyclodextrin. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000049. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharafudheen Pottanam Chali
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Centre for Soft Nanoscience Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Centre for Soft Nanoscience Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 Münster 48149 Germany
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37
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Grazon C, Salas‐Ambrosio P, Ibarboure E, Buol A, Garanger E, Grinstaff MW, Lecommandoux S, Bonduelle C. Aqueous Ring‐Opening Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (ROPISA) of N‐Carboxyanhydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:622-626. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Grazon
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629Univ. Bordeaux 33600 Pessac France
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical EngineeringBoston University Boston MA USA
| | | | | | - Alix Buol
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629Univ. Bordeaux 33600 Pessac France
| | | | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical EngineeringBoston University Boston MA USA
| | | | - Colin Bonduelle
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629Univ. Bordeaux 33600 Pessac France
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38
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Rasines Mazo A, Allison-Logan S, Karimi F, Chan NJA, Qiu W, Duan W, O’Brien-Simpson NM, Qiao GG. Ring opening polymerization of α-amino acids: advances in synthesis, architecture and applications of polypeptides and their hybrids. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4737-4834. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00738e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the synthesis, architectural design and biomedical applications of polypeptides and their hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rasines Mazo
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Nicholas Jun-An Chan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wenlian Qiu
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Research
- Melbourne Dental School and the Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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39
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Aqueous Ring‐Opening Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (ROPISA) of N‐Carboxyanhydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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40
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Song Z, Tan Z, Cheng J. Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Synthetic Polypeptides from N-Carboxyanhydrides. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zhengzhong Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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41
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Synthesis of polypeptides via bioinspired polymerization of in situ purified N-carboxyanhydrides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10658-10663. [PMID: 31088971 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901442116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribozymes synthesize proteins in a highly regulated local environment to minimize side reactions caused by various competing species. In contrast, it is challenging to prepare synthetic polypeptides from the polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) in the presence of water and impurities, which induce monomer degradations and chain terminations, respectively. Inspired by natural protein synthesis, we herein report the preparation of well-defined polypeptides in the presence of competing species, by using a water/dichloromethane biphasic system with macroinitiators anchored at the interface. The impurities are extracted into the aqueous phase in situ, and the localized macroinitiators allow for NCA polymerization at a rate which outpaces water-induced side reactions. Our polymerization strategy streamlines the process from amino acids toward high molecular weight polypeptides with low dispersity by circumventing the tedious NCA purification and the demands for air-free conditions, enabling low-cost, large-scale production of polypeptides that has potential to change the paradigm of polypeptide-based biomaterials.
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42
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McCall PM, Srivastava S, Perry SL, Kovar DR, Gardel ML, Tirrell MV. Partitioning and Enhanced Self-Assembly of Actin in Polypeptide Coacervates. Biophys J 2019; 114:1636-1645. [PMID: 29642033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecules exist and function in cellular microenvironments that control their spatial organization, local concentration, and biochemical reactivity. Due to the complexity of native cytoplasm, the development of artificial bioreactors and cellular mimics to compartmentalize, concentrate, and control the local physico-chemical properties is of great interest. Here, we employ self-assembling polypeptide coacervates to explore the partitioning of the ubiquitous cytoskeletal protein actin into liquid polymer-rich droplets. We find that actin spontaneously partitions into coacervate droplets and is enriched by up to ∼30-fold. Actin polymerizes into micrometer-long filaments and, in contrast to the globular protein BSA, these filaments localize predominately to the droplet periphery. We observe up to a 50-fold enhancement in the actin filament assembly rate inside coacervate droplets, consistent with the enrichment of actin within the coacervate phase. Together these results suggest that coacervates can serve as a versatile platform in which to localize and enrich biomolecules to study their reactivity in physiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M McCall
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Margaret L Gardel
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Matthew V Tirrell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois.
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43
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Wollenberg AL, Perlin P, Deming TJ. Versatile N-Methylaminooxy-Functionalized Polypeptides for Preparation of Neoglycoconjugates. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1756-1764. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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44
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Wang S, He W, Xiao C, Tao Y, Wang X. Synthesis of Y-Shaped OEGylated Poly(amino acid)s: The Impact of OEG Architecture. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1655-1666. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
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45
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Zhong Y, Tong R. Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides: The Search for Catalysts. Front Chem 2018; 6:641. [PMID: 30622943 PMCID: PMC6308324 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable poly(α-hydroxy acids) can be synthesized by means of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of O-carboxyanhydrides (OCAs). Numerous catalysts have been developed to control the living polymerization of OCAs. Here we review the rationale for the use of OCA, the desirable features for and important attributes of catalysts for the ROP of OCAs, and specific examples that have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rong Tong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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46
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Wu Y, Zhang D, Ma P, Zhou R, Hua L, Liu R. Lithium hexamethyldisilazide initiated superfast ring opening polymerization of alpha-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5297. [PMID: 30546065 PMCID: PMC6294000 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypeptides have broad applications and can be prepared via ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs). Conventional initiators, such as primary amines, give slow NCA polymerization, which requires multiple days to reach completion and can result in substantial side reactions, especially for very reactive NCAs. Moreover, current NCA polymerizations are very sensitive to moisture and must typically be conducted in a glove box. Here we show that lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) initiates an extremely rapid NCA polymerization process that is completed within minutes or hours and can be conducted in an open vessel. Polypeptides with variable chain length (DP = 20–1294) and narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.08–1.28) were readily prepared with this approach. Mechanistic studies support an anionic ring opening polymerization mechanism. This living NCA polymerization method allowed rapid synthesis of polypeptide libraries for high-throughput functional screening. Ring-opening polymerizations of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides to form polypeptides are usually sensitive to moisture, slow and can undergo side reactions. Here the authors use lithium hexamethyldisilazide to initiate α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride polymerizations that is very fast and can be conducted in an open vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Research Center of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
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47
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Tao X, Li MH, Ling J. α-Amino acid N-thiocarboxyanhydrides: A novel synthetic approach toward poly(α-amino acid)s. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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48
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Siefker D, Williams AZ, Stanley GG, Zhang D. Organic Acid Promoted Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of α-Amino Acid-Derived N-thiocarboxyanhydrides (NTAs) toward Well-defined Polypeptides. ACS Macro Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Siefker
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Ajah Z. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - George G. Stanley
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Raftery ED, Gharkhanian EG, Ricapito NG, McNamara J, Deming TJ. Influence of Sulfur‐Containing Diamino Acid Structure on Covalently Crosslinked Copolypeptide Hydrogels. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3547-3553. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Raftery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Eric G. Gharkhanian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | | | | | - Timothy J. Deming
- Department of Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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Wollenberg AL, O'Shea TM, Kim JH, Czechanski A, Reinholdt LG, Sofroniew MV, Deming TJ. Injectable polypeptide hydrogels via methionine modification for neural stem cell delivery. Biomaterials 2018; 178:527-545. [PMID: 29657091 PMCID: PMC6054810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels with tunable physiochemical and biological properties are potential tools for improving neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) transplantation to treat central nervous system (CNS) injury and disease. Here, we developed injectable diblock copolypeptide hydrogels (DCH) for NSPC transplantation that contain hydrophilic segments of modified l-methionine (Met). Multiple Met-based DCH were fabricated by post-polymerization modification of Met to various functional derivatives, and incorporation of different amino acid comonomers into hydrophilic segments. Met-based DCH assembled into self-healing hydrogels with concentration and composition dependent mechanical properties. Mechanical properties of non-ionic Met-sulfoxide formulations (DCHMO) were stable across diverse aqueous media while cationic formulations showed salt ion dependent stiffness reduction. Murine NSPC survival in DCHMO was equivalent to that of standard culture conditions, and sulfoxide functionality imparted cell non-fouling character. Within serum rich environments in vitro, DCHMO was superior at preserving NSPC stemness and multipotency compared to cell adhesive materials. NSPC in DCHMO injected into uninjured forebrain remained local and, after 4 weeks, exhibited an immature astroglial phenotype that integrated with host neural tissue and acted as cellular substrates that supported growth of host-derived axons. These findings demonstrate that Met-based DCH are suitable vehicles for further study of NSPC transplantation in CNS injury and disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Wollenberg
- Departments of Bioengineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600, USA
| | - T M O'Shea
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA
| | - A Czechanski
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | - M V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA
| | - T J Deming
- Departments of Bioengineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600, USA.
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