1
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Evaluation of the Efficiency of Random and Diblock Methacrylate-Based Amphiphilic Cationic Polymers against Major Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Cystic Fibrosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010120. [PMID: 36671321 PMCID: PMC9854508 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with repeated lung bacterial infection, mainly by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycobacterium abscessus, all known to be or becoming resistant to several antibiotics, often leading to therapeutic failure and death. In this context, antimicrobial peptides and antimicrobial polymers active against resistant strains and less prompt to cause resistance, appear as a good alternative to conventional antibiotics. In the present study, methacrylate-based copolymers obtained by radical chemistry were evaluated against CF-associated bacterial strains. Results showed that the type (Random versus Diblock) and the size of the copolymers affected their antibacterial activity and toxicity. Among the different copolymers tested, four (i.e., Random10200, Random15000, Random23900, and Diblock9500) were identified as the most active and the safest molecules and were further investigated. Data showed that they inserted into bacterial lipids, leading to a rapid membranolytic effect and killing of the bacterial. In relation with their fast bactericidal action and conversely to conventional antibiotics, those copolymers did not induce a resistance and remained active against antibiotic-resistant strains. Finally, the selected copolymers possessed a preventive effect on biofilm formation, although not exhibiting disruptive activity. Overall, the present study demonstrates that methacrylate-based copolymers are an interesting alternative to conventional antibiotics in the treatment of CF-associated bacterial infection.
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2
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Guo J, Zhou Y, Zhu D, Li Y, Yang R. Conjugated Polyelectrolyte/Silver Bromide Nanocomposites: Highly Durable and Robust Antibacterial Materials. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:183-189. [PMID: 35014819 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the in situ synthesis of silver bromide nanoparticles (AgBr NPs) in a cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) matrix. It is interesting that the obtained CPE/AgBr nanocomposite materials exhibit robust and long-term antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria by producing a large amount of biologically active Ag+. Meanwhile, it is demonstrated that the antimicrobial activity of CPE/AgBr nanocomposites is also related to the size of the AgBr NPs. Smaller particles show a faster AgBr release rate and hence higher antimicrobial activity than big particles. However, the relatively large-sized nanocomposites are beneficial to obtain long-term antimicrobial activity by substantially producing bioactive Ag+. Consequently, the antimicrobial property of the CPE/AgBr nanocomposites can be manipulated by controlling the dimensions of embedded AgBr NPs. The CPE/AgBr nanocomposites can cause a rapid initial drop of bacterial counts in solution, which makes it a potential candidate for antimicrobial therapy in emergency cases. In addition, the sustained release of Ag+ from large-sized nanocomposites makes them suitable for long-term use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Dangqiang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yonghai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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3
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Clickable biocompatible brush polymers as a versatile platform toward development of multifunctional drug delivery vehicles. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Dai X, Ma J, Chen N, Cai Y, He Y, Li X, Gao F. MSNs-Based Nanocomposite for Biofilm Imaging and NIR-Activated Chem/Photothermal/Photodynamic Combination Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2810-2820. [PMID: 35014320 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections caused by biofilms are severe clinical problems, resulting in high drug resistance by limiting the penetration of antibiotics. Herein, a near-infrared (NIR)-activated chem/photodynamic/photothermal combined therapeutic agent is proposed by loading fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), ultrasmall copper sulfide nanoparticles (Cu2-xSNPs), and ε-polylysine (PLL) onto mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) through a layer-by-layer self-assembly approach. FITC-doped MSNs are prepared to monitor the permeability and accumulation of nanocomposites into biofilms. MSNs can also act as hosts for the synthesis of ultrasmall Cu2-xSNPs, which has effective photodynamic and photothermal ablation against bacteria under NIR light irradiation. Moreover, biodegradable PLL introduced can not only enhance adhesion toward the bacterial surface to increase the effectiveness of phototherapy but also damage bacteria through electrostatic interaction. As a result, the prepared nanocomposites could not only penetrate biofilms but also ablate biofilms through combined chem/photodynamic/photothermal effects under NIR light irradiation. Furthermore, the nanocomposites could treat bacterial infections in vivo with negligible tissue toxicity. Overall, the finely designed nanocomposites are anticipated to display promising applications in imaging-guided chem/photodynamic/photothermal combined therapy for bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Dai
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Jifang Ma
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Chen
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Cai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules Research, Institute of Synthesis and Application of Medical Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yanping He
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzi Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules Research, Institute of Synthesis and Application of Medical Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
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5
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Gon M, Chujo Y, Zolotarskaya O, Wynne KJ. Nonmonotonic dependence of intramolecular charge-transfer sidechain interactions for triazole containing phenylene-ethynylene grafted Co-Polyoxetane brushes. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Wang C, Zolotarskaya O, Ashraf KM, Wen X, Ohman DE, Wynne KJ. Surface Characterization, Antimicrobial Effectiveness, and Human Cell Response for a Biomedical Grade Polyurethane Blended with a Mixed Soft Block PTMO-Quat/PEG Copolyoxetane Polyurethane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:20699-20714. [PMID: 31117452 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Infection is a serious medical complication associated with health care environments. Despite advances, the 5-10% incidence of infections for hospital patients is well documented. Sources of pathogenic organisms include medical devices such as catheters and endotracheal tubes. Offering guidance for curbing the spread of such infections, a model antimicrobial coating is described herein that kills bacteria on contact but is compatible with human cells. To achieve these characteristics, a novel blend of a conventional biomedical grade polyurethane (Tecoflex) with mixed soft block polyurethane is described. The functional polyurethane (UP-C12-50-T) has a copolyoxetane soft block P-C12-50 with quaternary ammonium (C12) and PEG-like side chains and a conventional poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO, T) soft block. DSC and DMA data point to limited miscibility of UP-C12-50-T with Tecoflex. The blend of Tecoflex with 10 wt % UP-C12-50-T designated UP-C12-50-T-10 radically changed surface properties. Evidence for surface concentration of the P-C12-50 soft block was obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic contact angles (DCAs), zeta potentials (ζ), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The antimicrobial effectiveness of the blend coatings was established by the ASTM E2149 "shake flask" test for challenges of E. coli and a methicillin resistant strain of S. epidermidis. Cytocompatibility was demonstrated with an in vitro test designed for direct contact (ISO 10993-5). Growth of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) beside and under UP-C12-50-T-10 indicated remarkable biocompatibility for a composition that is also strongly antimicrobial. Overall, the results point to a model coating with a level of P-C12-50 that combines high antimicrobial effectiveness and low toxicity to human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Biotech8, 737 North Fifth Street , Richmond , Virginia 23219 , United States
| | - Olga Zolotarskaya
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Biotech8, 737 North Fifth Street , Richmond , Virginia 23219 , United States
| | - Kayesh M Ashraf
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Biotech8, 737 North Fifth Street , Richmond , Virginia 23219 , United States
| | - Xuejun Wen
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Biotech8, 737 North Fifth Street , Richmond , Virginia 23219 , United States
- Institute for Engineering and Medicine, Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , 601 West Main Street, Room # 403 , Richmond , Virginia 23284-3028 , United States
| | - Dennis E Ohman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , VCU School of Medicine , 1101 East Marshall Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Richmond , Virginia 23249 , United States
| | - Kenneth J Wynne
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Biotech8, 737 North Fifth Street , Richmond , Virginia 23219 , United States
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7
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Santos MRE, Mendonça PV, Almeida MC, Branco R, Serra AC, Morais PV, Coelho JFJ. Increasing the Antimicrobial Activity of Amphiphilic Cationic Copolymers by the Facile Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Stars by Supplemental Activator and Reducing Agent Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1146-1156. [PMID: 29969557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by bacteria represent a great motif of concern in the health area. Therefore, there is a huge demand for more efficient antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial polymers have attracted special attention as promising materials to prevent infectious diseases. In this study, a new polymeric system exhibiting antimicrobial activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains at micromolar concentrations (e.g., 0.8 μM) was developed. Controlled linear and star-shaped copolymers, comprising hydrophobic poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) and cationic poly(3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride) (PAMPTMA) segments, were obtained by supplemental activator and reducing agent atom transfer radical polymerization (SARA ATRP) at 30 °C. The antibacterial activity of the polymers was studied by varying systematically the molecular weight (MW), hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, and architecture. The MW was found to exert the greatest influence on the antimicrobial activity of the polymers, with minimum inhibitory concentration values decreasing with increasing MW. Live/dead membrane integrity assays and scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the bactericidal character of the synthesized PAMPTMA- (b)co-PBA polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madson R E Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CEMMPRE, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes , University of Coimbra , Coimbra 3030-790 , Portugal
| | - Patrícia V Mendonça
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CEMMPRE, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes , University of Coimbra , Coimbra 3030-790 , Portugal
| | - Mariana C Almeida
- Department of Life Sciences, CEMMPRE, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes , University of Coimbra , Coimbra 3001-401 , Portugal
| | - Rita Branco
- Department of Life Sciences, CEMMPRE, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes , University of Coimbra , Coimbra 3001-401 , Portugal
| | - Arménio C Serra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CEMMPRE, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes , University of Coimbra , Coimbra 3030-790 , Portugal
| | - Paula V Morais
- Department of Life Sciences, CEMMPRE, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes , University of Coimbra , Coimbra 3001-401 , Portugal
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CEMMPRE, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes , University of Coimbra , Coimbra 3030-790 , Portugal
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8
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He M, Zhou Y, Nie S, Lu P, Xiao H, Tong Y, Liao Q, Wang R. Synthesis of Amphiphilic Copolymers Containing Ciprofloxacin and Amine Groups and Their Antimicrobial Performances As Revealed by Confocal Laser-Scanning Microscopy and Atomic-Force Microscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8406-8414. [PMID: 30016099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two series of amphiphilic antimicrobial copolymers containing ciprofloxacin (CPF) and amine functional groups have been synthesized via free-radical copolymerization. The chemical structures of the different amine groups and the copolymer compositions have been systematically varied to study how the structure of the copolymer exerts an influence on the antibacterial activity. The viability of Escherichia coli in the presence of antimicrobial copolymers was observed by confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM). CLSM as well as atomic-force microscopy (AFM) were applied to visualize changes in morphology of bacteria treated with antimicrobial copolymers and elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of the antimicrobial copolymers. Morphological changes of bacteria observed via AFM and CLSM demonstrated that the antibacterial mechanism was due to the disruption of the bacterial membrane. The destruction of the cell membrane was also confirmed by the leakage of intracellular components, which had a strong absorbance at 260 nm. The inhibitory process was monitored by UV absorption dynamically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China
| | - Yuming Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China
| | - Peng Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre , University of New Brunswick , Fredericton , NB E3B 5A3 , Canada
| | - Yuan Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| | - Qiang Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| | - Ruili Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
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9
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Wang B, Wang F, Kong Y, Wu Z, Wang RM, Song P, He Y. Polyurea-crosslinked cationic acrylate copolymer for antibacterial coating. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Mukherjee I, Ghosh A, Bhadury P, De P. Leucine-Based Polymer Architecture-Induced Antimicrobial Properties and Bacterial Cell Morphology Switching. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:769-780. [PMID: 30023789 PMCID: PMC6044967 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the comparative antibacterial activity of leucine-based cationic polymers having linear, hyperbranched, and star architectures containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments against Gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli (E. coli), herein we performed zone of inhibition study, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) calculation, and bacterial growth experiment. The highest antibacterial activity in terms of the MIC value was found in hyperbranched and star architectures because of the greater extent of cationic and hydrophobic functionality, enhancing cell wall penetration ability compared to that of the linear polymer. The absence of the bacterial regrowth stage in the growth curve exhibited the highest bactericidal capacity of star polymers, when untreated cells (control) already reached to the stationary phase, whereas the bacterial regrowth stage with a delayed lag phase was critically observed for linear and hyperbranched architectures displaying lower bactericidal efficacy. Coagulation of E. coli cells, switching of cell morphology from rod to sphere, and lengthening due to stacking in an antimicrobial polymer-treated environment at the bacterial regrowth stage in liquid media were visualized critically by field emission scanning electron microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy instruments in the presence of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole stain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Mukherjee
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, Integrative Taxonomy
and Microbial Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, and Centre for Advanced
Functional Materials, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Anwesha Ghosh
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, Integrative Taxonomy
and Microbial Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, and Centre for Advanced
Functional Materials, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Punyasloke Bhadury
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, Integrative Taxonomy
and Microbial Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, and Centre for Advanced
Functional Materials, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, Integrative Taxonomy
and Microbial Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, and Centre for Advanced
Functional Materials, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
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11
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Wang CH, Xie XR, Liu WS, Hou GG, Sun JF, Zhao F, Cong W, Li HJ, Xin WY. Quaternary ammonium salts substituted by 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol as novel antibacterial agents with low cytotoxicity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:943-952. [PMID: 28498641 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-one novel 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (POT) substituted N-hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium salts (6a-g, 7a-g, 8a-g) were prepared and characterized by FTIR, NMR, and elemental analysis. Compounds 6a, 6c, and 8a were confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. They display the unsurpassed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, α-H-tococcus, Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Canidia Albicans, especially 6g, 7g, 8g with dodecyl group. Compounds 8a-d with N,N-dihydroxyethyl and POT groups display unsurpassed antibacterial activity and non-toxicity. The structure-activity relationships indicate that POT and flexible dihydroxyethyl group in QAS are necessary for antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity. SEM and TEM images of E. coli morphologies of 8d show the antibacterial agents can adhere to membrane surfaces to inhibit bacterial growth by disrupting peptidoglycan formation and releasing bacterial cytoplasm from cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xian-Rui Xie
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wen-Shuai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Gui-Ge Hou
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ju-Feng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Cong
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hong-Juan Li
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wen-Yu Xin
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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12
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Nair SS, Zolotarskaya OY, Beckwith MJ, Ohman DE, Wynne KJ. A Polycation Antimicrobial Peptide Mimic without Resistance Buildup against Propionibacterium Acnes. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [PMID: 28605136 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A preliminary study is reported for a polycation antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mimic against Propionibacterium acnes, which is associated with acne vulgaris, a common skin condition. Antibiotics are commonly used against P. acnes but buildup of resistance is well-known. Worse, antibiotic regimens build up resistance for more sensitive bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis. The polycation AMP mimic C12-50, 1, is chosen for the present study as it has been previously shown to have high antimicrobial effectiveness. This study reports that C12-50 is active against P. acnes (strain ATCC 6919) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.3 µg mL-1 . To monitor resistance build-up ten passages are conducted with C12-50 against P. acnes. The MIC remains constant with no resistance buildup. Parallel studies with erythromycin confirm previously reported resistance buildup. The results point to a promising pathway to applications for polycation AMP mimics against P. acnes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithara S Nair
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Olga Y Zolotarskaya
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Matthew J Beckwith
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Dennis E Ohman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, VCU School of Medicine, 1101 East Marshall Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
| | - Kenneth J Wynne
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
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13
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14
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Jiao Y, Niu LN, Ma S, Li J, Tay FR, Chen JH. Quaternary ammonium-based biomedical materials: State-of-the-art, toxicological aspects and antimicrobial resistance. Prog Polym Sci 2017; 71:53-90. [PMID: 32287485 PMCID: PMC7111226 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbial infections affect humans worldwide. Many quaternary ammonium compounds have been synthesized that are not only antibacterial, but also possess antifungal, antiviral and anti-matrix metalloproteinase capabilities. Incorporation of quaternary ammonium moieties into polymers represents one of the most promising strategies for preparation of antimicrobial biomaterials. Various polymerization techniques have been employed to prepare antimicrobial surfaces with quaternary ammonium functionalities; in particular, syntheses involving controlled radical polymerization techniques enable precise control over macromolecular structure, order and functionality. Although recent publications report exciting advances in the biomedical field, some of these technological developments have also been accompanied by potential toxicological and antimicrobial resistance challenges. Recent evidenced-based data on the biomedical applications of antimicrobial quaternary ammonium-containing biomaterials that are based on randomized human clinical trials, the golden standard in contemporary medicinal science, are included in the present review. This should help increase visibility, stimulate debates and spur conversations within a wider scientific community on the implications and plausibility for future developments of quaternary ammonium-based antimicrobial biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Army General Hospital, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Li-na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Ji-hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Corresponding authors.
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15
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Wang C, Zolotarskaya OY, Nair SS, Ehrhardt CJ, Ohman DE, Wynne KJ, Yadavalli VK. Real-Time Observation of Antimicrobial Polycation Effects on Escherichia coli: Adapting the Carpet Model for Membrane Disruption to Quaternary Copolyoxetanes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2975-2984. [PMID: 26948099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Real-time atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used for analyzing effects of the antimicrobial polycation copolyoxetane P[(C12)-(ME2Ox)-50/50], C12-50 on the membrane of a model bacterium, Escherichia coli (ATCC# 35218). AFM imaging showed cell membrane changes with increasing C12-50 concentration and time including nanopore formation and bulges associated with outer bacterial membrane disruption. A macroscale bactericidal concentration study for C12-50 showed a 4 log kill at 15 μg/mL with conditions paralleling imaging (1 h, 1x PBS, physiological pH, 25 °C). The dramatic changes from the control image to 1 h after introducing 15 μg/mL C12-50 are therefore reasonably attributed to cell death. At the highest concentration (60 μg/mL) further cell membrane disruption results in leakage of cytoplasm driven by detergent-like action. The sequence of processes for initial membrane disruption by the synthetic polycation C12-50 follows the carpet model posited for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, the nanoscale details are distinctly different as C12-50 is a synthetic, water-soluble copolycation that is best modeled as a random coil. In a complementary AFM study, chemical force microscopy shows that incubating cells with C12-50 decreased the hydrophobicity across the entire cell surface at an early stage. This finding provides additional evidence indicating that C12-50 polycations initially bind with the cell membrane in a carpet-like fashion. Taken together, real time AFM imaging elucidates the mechanism of antimicrobial action for copolyoxetane C12-50 at the single cell level. In future work this approach will provide important insights into structure-property relationships and improved antimicrobial effectiveness for synthetic amphiphilic polycations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering and ‡Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and ∥McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine , Richmond, Virginia 23249, United States
| | - Olga Y Zolotarskaya
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering and ‡Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and ∥McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine , Richmond, Virginia 23249, United States
| | - Sithara S Nair
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering and ‡Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and ∥McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine , Richmond, Virginia 23249, United States
| | - Christopher J Ehrhardt
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering and ‡Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and ∥McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine , Richmond, Virginia 23249, United States
| | - Dennis E Ohman
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering and ‡Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and ∥McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine , Richmond, Virginia 23249, United States
| | - Kenneth J Wynne
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering and ‡Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and ∥McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine , Richmond, Virginia 23249, United States
| | - Vamsi K Yadavalli
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering and ‡Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and ∥McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VCU School of Medicine , Richmond, Virginia 23249, United States
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16
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Xu D, Ran Q, Xiang Y, Linhai J, Smith BM, Bou-Abdallah F, Lund R, Li Z, Dong H. Toward Hemocompatible Self-assembling Antimicrobial Nanofibers: Understanding the Synergistic Effect of Supramolecular Structure and PEGylation on Hemocompatibility. RSC Adv 2016; 6:15911-15919. [PMID: 27774141 PMCID: PMC5070802 DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24553b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant challenge associated with systemic delivery of cationic antimicrobial peptides and polymers lies in their limited hemocompatibility toward vast numbers of circulating red blood cells (RBCs). Supramolecular assembly of cationic peptides and polymers can be an effective strategy to develop an array of antimicrobial nanomaterials with tunable material structures, stability and thus optimized bioactivity to overcome some of the existing challenges associated with conventional antimicrobials. In this work, we will demonstrate the supramolecular design of self-assembling antimicrobial nanofibers (SAANs) which have tunable supramolecular nanostructures, stability, internal molecular packing and surface chemistry through self-assembly of de novo designed cationic peptides and peptide-PEG conjuguates. The interaction of the SAANs with human RBCs was evaluated in a stringent biological assay (beyond a traditional hemolysis assay) where both hemolytic and eryptotic activity were examined to establish a fundamental understanding on the correlation between material structure and hemocompatibility. It was found that although the SAANs showed moderate hemolytic activities, their abilities to induce eryptosis vary significantly and are much more sensitive to the internal molecular packing, supramolecular nanostructure and stability of the nanofiber. Improved hemocompatibility requires PEGylation on stable supramolecular nanofibers composed of highly organized β-sheet structure while PEG conjugation on weakly packed nanofibers composed of partially denatured β-sheets did not show improvement. The current study reveals the fundamental mechanism involved in the selective hemocompatibility improvement of the SAANs upon PEG conjugation. The structure-activity relationship developed in this study will provide important guidance for the future design of a broader family of peptide and polymer-based assemblies with optimized antimicrobial activity and hemocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY
| | - Qian Ran
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Second Affiliated Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Second Affiliated Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Linhai
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY
| | - Britannia M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, NY
| | - Fadi Bou-Abdallah
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, NY
| | - Reidar Lund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zhongjun Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Second Affiliated Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - He Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY
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17
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Tejero R, Gutiérrez B, López D, López-Fabal F, Gómez-Garcés JL, Fernández-García M. Copolymers of acrylonitrile with quaternizable thiazole and triazole side-chain methacrylates as potent antimicrobial and hemocompatible systems. Acta Biomater 2015. [PMID: 26219860 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of six copolymeric families, P(AN-co-MTAs) with various molar fractions of acrylonitrile (fAN) and methacrylates (fMTA) based on 1,3-thiazole and 1,2,3-triazole pendant groups with several spacers of different length and nature (alkyl or succinic), have been synthesized by conventional radical polymerization. The molar fraction of acrylonitrile in the copolymers (FAN) was determined by CHNS elemental analysis. The copolymers were also characterized by ATR-FTIR and molecular weights were determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Due to the nucleophilic nature of the azole heterocycles the copolymers have been easily modified by N-alkylation reaction with butyl iodide leading to polyelectrolytes of diverse amphiphilic balance, P(AN-co-MTAs-BuI). The degree of quaternization (DQ) was quantitative in all instances and was determined by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements were performed in order to determine the particle size and the charge density of the systems. The antimicrobial activity of the copolymers was studied in terms of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, the Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the yeast Candida parapsilosis, as well as the cytotoxic activity toward human red blood cells (RBCs). These types of amphiphilic copolycations presented high selectivity (>300) maintaining moderate to good antimicrobial activity (MIC=4-64 μg/mL) and being non-hemolytic even at high molar fractions of AN in the copolymers compared to PMTAs-BuI homopolymers. Moreover, two examples of acrylonitrile-enriched copolymers (FAN=0.6) presented an excellent time-killing efficiency against microorganisms with 99.9% of killing ranging from 5 to 30 min. Besides, important changes in the morphology of the cell envelop of the microorganisms after treatment with P(AN-co-MTAs) were observed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) compared to untreated samples. These results indicate that these quaternized copolymers (QUATs) behave like the corresponding PMTAs-BuI homopolymers, being microbiostatic and also highly effective microbiocidal agents.
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18
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Tejero R, López D, López-Fabal F, Gómez-Garcés JL, Fernández-García M. High Efficiency Antimicrobial Thiazolium and Triazolium Side-Chain Polymethacrylates Obtained by Controlled Alkylation of the Corresponding Azole Derivatives. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1844-54. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Tejero
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima López-Fabal
- Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Río Júcar, s/n, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Gómez-Garcés
- Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Río Júcar, s/n, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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19
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20
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Kim S, Nam JA, Lee S, In I, Park SY. Antimicrobial activity of water resistant surface coating from catechol conjugated polyquaternary amine on versatile substrates. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea National University of Transportation; Chungju-Si 380-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong A. Nam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea National University of Transportation; Chungju-Si 380-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkug Lee
- IT Convergence Material R&D Group; Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Hongcheon-ri, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu; Cheonan-si Chungcheongnam-do 35-3 Republic of Korea
| | - Insik In
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Korea National University of Transportation; Chungju-Si 380-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea National University of Transportation; Chungju-Si 380-702 Republic of Korea
- Department of IT Convergence; Korea National University of Transportation; Chungju-Si 380-702 Republic of Korea
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21
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Amphiphilic macromolecules on cell membranes: from protective layers to controlled permeabilization. J Membr Biol 2014; 247:861-81. [PMID: 24903487 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial and cell-penetrating peptides have inspired developments of abiotic membrane-active polymers that can coat, penetrate, or break lipid bilayers in model systems. Application to cell cultures is more recent, but remarkable bioactivities are already reported. Synthetic polymer chains were tailored to achieve (i) high biocide efficiencies, and selectivity for bacteria (Gram-positive/Gram-negative or bacterial/mammalian membranes), (ii) stable and mild encapsulation of viable isolated cells to escape immune systems, (iii) pH-, temperature-, or light-triggered interaction with cells. This review illustrates these recent achievements highlighting the use of abiotic polymers, and compares the major structural determinants that control efficiency of polymers and peptides. Charge density, sp. of cationic and guanidinium side groups, and hydrophobicity (including polarity of stimuli-responsive moieties) guide the design of new copolymers for the handling of cell membranes. While polycationic chains are generally used as biocidal or hemolytic agents, anionic amphiphilic polymers, including Amphipols, are particularly prone to mild permeabilization and/or intracell delivery.
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22
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King A, Chakrabarty S, Zhang W, Zeng X, Ohman DE, Wood LF, Abraham S, Rao R, Wynne KJ. High antimicrobial effectiveness with low hemolytic and cytotoxic activity for PEG/quaternary copolyoxetanes. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:456-67. [PMID: 24422429 PMCID: PMC3998775 DOI: 10.1021/bm401794p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
alkyl chain length of quaternary ammonium/PEG copolyoxetanes
has been varied to discern effects on solution antimicrobial efficacy,
hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity. Monomers 3-((4-bromobutoxy)methyl)-3-methyloxetane
(BBOx) and 3-((2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)methyl)-3-methyloxetane (ME2Ox)
were used to prepare precursor P[(BBOx)(ME2Ox)-50:50–4 kDa]
copolyoxetane via cationic ring opening polymerization. The 1:1 copolymer
composition and Mn (4 kDa) were confirmed
by 1H NMR spectroscopy. After C–Br substitution
by a series of tertiary amines, ionic liquid Cx-50
copolyoxetanes were obtained, where 50 is the mole percent of quaternary
repeat units and “x” is quaternary
alkyl chain length (2, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 carbons). Modulated
differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) studies showed Tgs between −40 and −60 °C and melting
endotherms for C14–50 and C16–50. Minimum inhibitory
concentrations (MIC) were determined for Escherichia
coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A systematic
dependence of MIC on alkyl chain length was found. The most effective
antimicrobials were in the C6–50 to C12–50 range. C8–50
had better overall performance with MICs of 4 μg/mL, E. coli; 2 μg/mL, S. aureus; and 24 μg/mL, P. aeruginosa. At 5 × MIC, C8–50 effected >99% kill in 1 h against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa challenges of
108 cfu/mL; log reductions (1 h) were 7, 3, and 5, respectively.
To provide additional insight into polycation interactions with bacterial
membranes, a geometric model based on the dimensions of E. coli is described that provides an estimate of
the maximum number of polycations that can chemisorb. Chain dimensions
were estimated for polycation C8–50 with a molecular weight
of 5 kDa. Considering the approximations for polycation chemisorption
(PCC), it is surprising that a calculation based on geometric considerations
gives a C8–50 concentration within a factor of 2 of the MIC,
4.0 (±1.2) μg/mL for E. coli. Cx-50 copolyoxetane cytotoxicity was low for human
red blood cells, human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), and human foreskin
fibroblasts (HFF). Selectivities for bacterial kill over cell lysis
were among the highest ever reported for polycations indicating good
prospects for biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison King
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, ‡Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and ∥Integrated Life Sciences Program, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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23
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Du H, Zha G, Gao L, Wang H, Li X, Shen Z, Zhu W. Fully biodegradable antibacterial hydrogels via thiol–ene “click” chemistry. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00030g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel biodegradable antimicrobial hydrogels, which are promising for use as biomaterials, were prepared facilely via a thiol–ene “click” reaction under human physiological conditions using multifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives as precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Zha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lilong Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhiquan Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Weipu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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24
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Zolotarskaya OY, Yuan Q, Wynne KJ, Yang H. Synthesis and Characterization of Clickable Cytocompatible Poly(ethylene glycol)-Grafted Polyoxetane Brush Polymers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3021294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yu. Zolotarskaya
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering,
School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Quan Yuan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering,
School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Wynne
- Department of Chemical and Life
Science Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United
States
| | - Hu Yang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering,
School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
23298, United States
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25
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Kuroda K, Caputo GA. Antimicrobial polymers as synthetic mimics of host-defense peptides. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 5:49-66. [PMID: 23076870 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria 'superbugs' are an emerging threat to public health due to the decrease in effective antibiotics as well as the slowed pace of development of new antibiotics to replace those that become ineffective. The need for new antimicrobial agents is a well-documented issue relating to world health. Tremendous efforts have been given to developing compounds that not only show high efficacy, but also those that are less susceptible to resistance development in the bacteria. However, the development of newer, stronger antibiotics which can overcome these acquired resistances is still a scientific challenge because a new mode of antimicrobial action is likely required. To that end, amphiphilic, cationic polymers have emerged as a promising candidate for further development as an antimicrobial agent with decreased potential for resistance development. These polymers are designed to mimic naturally occurring host-defense antimicrobial peptides which act on bacterial cell walls or membranes. Antimicrobial-peptide mimetic polymers display antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria including drug-resistant strains and are less susceptible to resistance development in bacteria. These polymers also showed selective activity to bacteria over mammalian cells. Antimicrobial polymers provide a new molecular framework for chemical modification and adaptation to tune their biological functions. The peptide-mimetic design of antimicrobial polymers will be versatile, generating a new generation of antibiotics toward implementation of polymers in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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26
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Mizutani M, Palermo EF, Thoma LM, Satoh K, Kamigaito M, Kuroda K. Design and synthesis of self-degradable antibacterial polymers by simultaneous chain- and step-growth radical copolymerization. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1554-63. [PMID: 22497522 DOI: 10.1021/bm300254s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Self-degradable antimicrobial copolymers bearing cationic side chains and main-chain ester linkages were synthesized using the simultaneous chain- and step-growth radical polymerization of t-butyl acrylate and 3-butenyl 2-chloropropionate, followed by the transformation of t-butyl groups into primary ammonium salts. We prepared a series of copolymers with different structural features in terms of molecular weight, monomer composition, amine functionality, and side chain structures to examine the effect of polymer properties on their antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. The acrylate copolymers containing primary amine side chains displayed moderate antimicrobial activity against E. coli but were relatively hemolytic. The acrylate copolymer with quaternary ammonium groups and the acrylamide copolymers showed low or no antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. An acrylate copolymer with primary amine side chains degraded to lower molecular weight oligomers with lower antimicrobial activity in aqueous solution. This degradation was due to amidation of the ester groups of the polymer chains by the nucleophilic addition of primary amine groups in the side chains resulting in cleavage of the polymer main chain. The degradation mechanism was studied in detail by model reactions between amine compounds and precursor copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Mizutani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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27
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Budhathoki-Uprety J, Peng L, Melander C, Novak BM. Synthesis of Guanidinium Functionalized Polycarbodiimides and Their Antibacterial Activities. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:370-374. [PMID: 35578504 DOI: 10.1021/mz200116k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A family of guanidinium-side-chain functionalized polycarbodiimides has been synthesized by allowing an azido guanidinium salt to react with alkyne polycarbodiimides via the copper catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition (Click) reaction. Poly-2(a-d) are cationic/amphiphilic polymers in which the global hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance has been tailored by local alteration of the length of alkyl side chain in the repeat unit of polymers prior to polymerization. The shorter alkyl chains yield water-soluble polymers, Poly-2c, -2d, and -2e. Antibacterial activities of these cationic polycarbodiimides have been investigated for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that include Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii. It was observed that the influence of hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance per repeat unit of these polymers have profound effects for both antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. In addition, these polycarbodiimide-guanidinium-triazole conjugates offered moderate to significant antibacterial activity and rapid interaction with red blood cells causing blood precipitation without significant hemolysis in case of Poly-2(b-e). This latter property has the potential to be exploited in the polymer coatings or wound protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Januka Budhathoki-Uprety
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh,
North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - LingLing Peng
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh,
North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh,
North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Bruce M. Novak
- Department of Chemistry and the Alan G MacDiarmid
NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United
States
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28
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Fulmer PA, Wynne JH. Coatings capable of germinating and neutralizing Bacillus anthracis endospores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:738-743. [PMID: 22211260 DOI: 10.1021/am201362u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Endospores are formed by various bacterial families, including Bacillus and Clostridium, in response to environmental stresses as a means to survive conditions inhospitable to vegetative growth. Although metabolically inert, the endospore must interact with its environment to determine an optimal time to return to a vegetative state, a process known as germination. Germination has been shown to occur in response to a variety of chemical stimuli from specific nutrient germinants including amino acids, sugars and nucleosides. This process is known to be mediated primarily by the GerA family of spore-specific receptor proteins which initiates a signal transduction cascade that results in a return of oxidative metabolism in response to germinant receptor interactions. Herein, we report the development of a novel coating system capable of germinating B. anthracis endospores, followed by rapid killing of the vegetative bacteria by a novel incorporated amphiphilic biocide. The most effective formulation tested exhibited an ability to germinate and kill B. anthracis endospores and vegetative bacteria, respectively. The formulation reported resulted in a 90% reduction in as little as 5 min, and a 6 log reduction by 45 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston A Fulmer
- Chemistry Division, Code 6100, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, United States
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29
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Li P, Li X, Saravanan R, Li CM, Leong SSJ. Antimicrobial macromolecules: synthesis methods and future applications. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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30
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Zhu W, Wang Y, Sun S, Zhang Q, Li X, Shen Z. Facile synthesis and characterization of biodegradable antimicrobial poly(ester-carbonate). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm30331k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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31
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Activity and Mechanism of Antimicrobial Peptide-Mimetic Amphiphilic Polymethacrylate Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/polym3031512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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32
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Oda Y, Kanaoka S, Sato T, Aoshima S, Kuroda K. Block versus Random Amphiphilic Copolymers as Antibacterial Agents. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3581-91. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200780r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Oda
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shokyoku Kanaoka
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Sadahito Aoshima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Wang Y, Xu J, Zhang Y, Yan H, Liu K. Antimicrobial and Hemolytic Activities of Copolymers with Cationic and Hydrophobic Groups: A Comparison of Block and Random Copolymers. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1499-504. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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