1
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Gharios R, Francis RM, DeForest CA. Chemical and Biological Engineering Strategies to Make and Modify Next-Generation Hydrogel Biomaterials. MATTER 2023; 6:4195-4244. [PMID: 38313360 PMCID: PMC10836217 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the development of technologies to probe and direct in vitro cellular function for fundamental organoid and stem cell biology, functional tissue and metabolic engineering, and biotherapeutic formulation. Recapitulating many critical aspects of the native cellular niche, hydrogel biomaterials have proven to be a defining platform technology in this space, catapulting biological investigation from traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture into the 3D world. Seeking to better emulate the dynamic heterogeneity characteristic of all living tissues, global efforts over the last several years have centered around upgrading hydrogel design from relatively simple and static architectures into stimuli-responsive and spatiotemporally evolvable niches. Towards this end, advances from traditionally disparate fields including bioorthogonal click chemistry, chemoenzymatic synthesis, and DNA nanotechnology have been co-opted and integrated to construct 4D-tunable systems that undergo preprogrammed functional changes in response to user-defined inputs. In this Review, we highlight how advances in synthetic, semisynthetic, and bio-based chemistries have played a critical role in the triggered creation and customization of next-generation hydrogel biomaterials. We also chart how these advances stand to energize the translational pipeline of hydrogels from bench to market and close with an outlook on outstanding opportunities and challenges that lay ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Gharios
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98105, USA
| | - Ryan M. Francis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98105, USA
| | - Cole A. DeForest
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98105, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98105, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98105, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, USA
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98105, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98105, USA
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2
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Boni R, Blackburn EA, Kleinjan DJ, Jonaitis M, Hewitt-Harris F, Murdoch M, Rosser S, Hay DC, Regan L. Chemically cross-linked hydrogels from repetitive protein arrays. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107981. [PMID: 37245604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials for tissue regeneration must mimic the biophysical properties of the native physiological environment. A protein engineering approach allows the generation of protein hydrogels with specific and customised biophysical properties designed to suit a particular physiological environment. Herein, repetitive engineered proteins were successfully designed to form covalent molecular networks with defined physical characteristics able to sustain cell phenotype. Our hydrogel design was made possible by the incorporation of the SpyTag (ST) peptide and multiple repetitive units of the SpyCatcher (SC) protein that spontaneously formed covalent crosslinks upon mixing. Changing the ratios of the protein building blocks (ST:SC), allowed the viscoelastic properties and gelation speeds of the hydrogels to be altered and controlled. The physical properties of the hydrogels could readily be altered further to suit different environments by tuning the key features in the repetitive protein sequence. The resulting hydrogels were designed with a view to allow cell attachment and encapsulation of liver derived cells. Biocompatibility of the hydrogels was assayed using a HepG2 cell line constitutively expressing GFP. The cells remained viable and continued to express GFP whilst attached or encapsulated within the hydrogel. Our results demonstrate how this genetically encoded approach using repetitive proteins could be applied to bridge engineering biology with nanotechnology creating a level of biomaterial customisation previously inaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Boni
- Centre for Engineering Biology, Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Blackburn
- Edinburgh Protein Production Facility (EPPF), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk-Jan Kleinjan
- UK Centre for Mammalian Synthetic Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mantas Jonaitis
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Flora Hewitt-Harris
- Centre for Engineering Biology, Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Murdoch
- Centre for Engineering Biology, Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Rosser
- UK Centre for Mammalian Synthetic Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David C Hay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne Regan
- Centre for Engineering Biology, Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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3
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Boni R, Regan L. Modulating the Viscoelastic Properties of Covalently Crosslinked Protein Hydrogels. Gels 2023; 9:481. [PMID: 37367151 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein engineering allows for the programming of specific building blocks to form functional and novel materials with customisable physical properties suitable for tailored engineering applications. We have successfully designed and programmed engineered proteins to form covalent molecular networks with defined physical characteristics. Our hydrogel design incorporates the SpyTag (ST) peptide and SpyCatcher (SC) protein that spontaneously form covalent crosslinks upon mixing. This genetically encodable chemistry allowed us to easily incorporate two stiff and rod-like recombinant proteins in the hydrogels and modulate the resulting viscoelastic properties. We demonstrated how differences in the composition of the microscopic building blocks change the macroscopic viscoelastic properties of the hydrogels. We specifically investigated how the identity of the protein pairs, the molar ratio of ST:SC, and the concentration of the proteins influence the viscoelastic response of the hydrogels. By showing tuneable changes in protein hydrogel rheology, we increased the capabilities of synthetic biology to create novel materials, allowing engineering biology to interface with soft matter, tissue engineering, and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Boni
- Centre for Engineering Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Lynne Regan
- Centre for Engineering Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
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4
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Aneskievich BJ, Shamilov R, Vinogradova O. Intrinsic disorder in integral membrane proteins. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 183:101-134. [PMID: 34656327 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The well-defined roles and specific protein-protein interactions of many integral membrane proteins (IMPs), such as those functioning as receptors for extracellular matrix proteins and soluble growth factors, easily align with considering IMP structure as a classical "lock-and-key" concept. Nevertheless, continued advances in understanding protein conformation, such as those which established the widespread existence of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and especially intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in otherwise three-dimensionally organized proteins, call for ongoing reevaluation of transmembrane proteins. Here, we present basic traits of IDPs and IDRs, and, for some select single-span IMPs, consider the potential functional advantages intrinsic disorder might provide and the possible conformational impact of disease-associated mutations. For transmembrane proteins in general, we highlight several investigational approaches, such as biophysical and computational methods, stressing the importance of integrating them to produce a more-complete mechanistic model of disorder-containing IMPs. These procedures, when synergized with in-cell assessments, will likely be key in translating in silico and in vitro results to improved understanding of IMP conformational flexibility in normal cell physiology as well as disease, and will help to extend their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Aneskievich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Rambon Shamilov
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Olga Vinogradova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
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5
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Zhang K, Feng Q, Fang Z, Gu L, Bian L. Structurally Dynamic Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: Pursuing a Fine Balance between Macroscopic Stability and Microscopic Dynamics. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11149-11193. [PMID: 34189903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their unique chemical and physical properties, hydrogels are attracting increasing attention in both basic and translational biomedical studies. Although the classical hydrogels with static networks have been widely reported for decades, a growing number of recent studies have shown that structurally dynamic hydrogels can better mimic the dynamics and functions of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) in soft tissues. These synthetic materials with defined compositions can recapitulate key chemical and biophysical properties of living tissues, providing an important means to understanding the mechanisms by which cells sense and remodel their surrounding microenvironments. This review begins with the overall expectation and design principles of dynamic hydrogels. We then highlight recent progress in the fabrication strategies of dynamic hydrogels including both degradation-dependent and degradation-independent approaches, followed by their unique properties and use in biomedical applications such as regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and 3D culture. Finally, challenges and emerging trends in the development and application of dynamic hydrogels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Qian Feng
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Liming Bian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.,Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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6
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Webber MJ, Pashuck ET. (Macro)molecular self-assembly for hydrogel drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:275-295. [PMID: 33450330 PMCID: PMC8107146 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels prepared via self-assembly offer scalable and tunable platforms for drug delivery applications. Molecular-scale self-assembly leverages an interplay of attractive and repulsive forces; drugs and other active molecules can be incorporated into such materials by partitioning in hydrophobic domains, affinity-mediated binding, or covalent integration. Peptides have been widely used as building blocks for self-assembly due to facile synthesis, ease of modification with bioactive molecules, and precise molecular-scale control over material properties through tunable interactions. Additional opportunities are manifest in stimuli-responsive self-assembly for more precise drug action. Hydrogels can likewise be fabricated from macromolecular self-assembly, with both synthetic polymers and biopolymers used to prepare materials with controlled mechanical properties and tunable drug release. These include clinical approaches for solubilization and delivery of hydrophobic drugs. To further enhance mechanical properties of hydrogels prepared through self-assembly, recent work has integrated self-assembly motifs with polymeric networks. For example, double-network hydrogels capture the beneficial properties of both self-assembled and covalent networks. The expanding ability to fabricate complex and precise materials, coupled with an improved understanding of biology, will lead to new classes of hydrogels specifically tailored for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Webber
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - E Thomas Pashuck
- Lehigh University, Department of Bioengineering, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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7
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Joyner K, Yang S, Duncan GA. Microrheology for biomaterial design. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:041508. [PMID: 33415310 PMCID: PMC7775114 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microrheology analyzes the microscopic behavior of complex materials by measuring the diffusion and transport of embedded particle probes. This experimental method can provide valuable insight into the design of biomaterials with the ability to connect material properties and biological responses to polymer-scale dynamics and interactions. In this review, we discuss how microrheology can be harnessed as a characterization method complementary to standard techniques in biomaterial design. We begin by introducing the core principles and instruments used to perform microrheology. We then review previous studies that incorporate microrheology in their design process and highlight biomedical applications that have been supported by this approach. Overall, this review provides rationale and practical guidance for the utilization of microrheological analysis to engineer novel biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Joyner
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Sydney Yang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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8
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Fernandes CSM, Pina AS, Roque ACA. Affinity-triggered hydrogels: Developments and prospects in biomaterials science. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120563. [PMID: 33276200 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia S M Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Pina
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Cecília A Roque
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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9
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Ibeanu N, Egbu R, Onyekuru L, Javaheri H, Tee Khaw P, R. Williams G, Brocchini S, Awwad S. Injectables and Depots to Prolong Drug Action of Proteins and Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E999. [PMID: 33096803 PMCID: PMC7589296 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins and peptides have emerged in recent years to treat a wide range of multifaceted diseases such as cancer, diabetes and inflammation. The emergence of polypeptides has yielded advancements in the fields of biopharmaceutical production and formulation. Polypeptides often display poor pharmacokinetics, limited permeability across biological barriers, suboptimal biodistribution, and some proclivity for immunogenicity. Frequent administration of polypeptides is generally required to maintain adequate therapeutic levels, which can limit efficacy and compliance while increasing adverse reactions. Many strategies to increase the duration of action of therapeutic polypeptides have been described with many clinical products having been developed. This review describes approaches to optimise polypeptide delivery organised by the commonly used routes of administration. Future innovations in formulation may hold the key to the continued successful development of proteins and peptides with optimal clinical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkiruka Ibeanu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Raphael Egbu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Lesley Onyekuru
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Hoda Javaheri
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Peng Tee Khaw
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Gareth R. Williams
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Steve Brocchini
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Sahar Awwad
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
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10
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Uman S, Dhand A, Burdick JA. Recent advances in shear‐thinning and self‐healing hydrogels for biomedical applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selen Uman
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Abhishek Dhand
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
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11
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Lemmens LM, Ottmann C, Brunsveld L. Conjugated Protein Domains as Engineered Scaffold Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1596-1603. [PMID: 32374984 PMCID: PMC7303964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of proteins into higher-order complexes generates specificity and selectivity in cellular signaling. Signaling complex formation is facilitated by scaffold proteins that use modular scaffolding domains, which recruit specific pathway enzymes. Multimerization and recombination of these conjugated native domains allows the generation of libraries of engineered multidomain scaffold proteins. Analysis of these engineered proteins has provided molecular insight into the regulatory mechanism of the native scaffold proteins and the applicability of these synthetic variants. This topical review highlights the use of engineered, conjugated multidomain scaffold proteins on different length scales in the context of synthetic signaling pathways, metabolic engineering, liquid-liquid phase separation, and hydrogel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenne
J. M. Lemmens
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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12
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Shen X, Li B, Pan T, Wu J, Wang Y, Shang J, Ge Y, Jin L, Qi Z. Self-assembly behaviors of perylene- and naphthalene-crown macrocycle conjugates in aqueous medium. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1203-1209. [PMID: 31293667 PMCID: PMC6604709 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of conjugates of perylene diimide (PDI) and naphthalene diimide (NDI) modified with two benzo-21-crown-7 ethers (B21C7) are herein described. Their self-assembly behavior in various solvents was investigated particularly in aqueous medium, due to the recently discovered hydrophilic properties of B21C7 crown macrocycle. An unexpected fluorescence quenching phenomenon was observed in the PDI-B21C7 macrocycle conjugate in chloroform. The detailed UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of these PDI/NDI derivatives in different solvents as well as their morphologies were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shen
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Tiezheng Pan
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yangxin Wang
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Shang
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ge
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Lin Jin
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Qi
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
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13
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Wang Y, Katyal P, Montclare JK. Protein-Engineered Functional Materials. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801374. [PMID: 30938924 PMCID: PMC6703858 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are versatile macromolecules that can perform a variety of functions. In the past three decades, they have been commonly used as building blocks to generate a range of biomaterials. Owing to their flexibility, proteins can either be used alone or in combination with other functional molecules. Advances in synthetic and chemical biology have enabled new protein fusions as well as the integration of new functional groups leading to biomaterials with emergent properties. This review discusses protein-engineered materials from the perspectives of domain-based designs as well as physical and chemical approaches for crosslinked materials, with special emphasis on the creation of hydrogels. Engineered proteins that organize or template metal ions, bear noncanonical amino acids (NCAAs), and their potential applications, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New
York University, Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United
States
| | - Priya Katyal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New
York University, Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United
States
| | - Jin Kim Montclare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New
York University, Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United
States
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY
10003, United States
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of
Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, United States
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of
Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, United States
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14
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Zhang H, Wehrman MD, Schultz KM. Structural Changes in Polymeric Gel Scaffolds Around the Overlap Concentration. Front Chem 2019; 7:317. [PMID: 31134188 PMCID: PMC6517517 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-linked polymeric gels are an important class of materials with applications that broadly range from synthetic wound healing scaffolds to materials used in enhanced oil recovery. To effectively design these materials for each unique applications a deeper understanding of the structure and rheological properties as a function of polymeric interactions is required. Increasing the concentration of polymer in each scaffold increases physical interactions between the molecules that can be reflected in the material structure. To characterize the structure and material properties, we use multiple particle tracking microrheology (MPT) to measure scaffolds during gelation. In MPT, fluorescently labeled probe particles are embedded in the material and the Brownian motion of these particles is captured using video microscopy. Particle motion is related to rheological properties using the Generalized Stokes-Einstein Relation. In this work, we characterize gelation of a photopolymerized scaffold composed of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-acrylate backbone and a PEG-dithiol cross-linker. Scaffolds with backbone concentrations below and above the overlap concentration, concentration where polymer pervaded volume begins to overlap, are characterized. Using time-cure superposition (TCS) we determine the critical relaxation exponent, n, of each scaffold. The critical relaxation exponent is a quantitative measure of the scaffold structure and is similar to a complex modulus, G*, which is a measure of energy storage and dissipation. Our results show that below the overlap concentration the scaffold is a tightly cross-linked network, navg = 0.40 ± 0.03, which stores energy but can also dissipate energy. As polymeric interactions increase, we measure a step change in the critical relaxation exponent above the overlap concentration to navg = 0.20 ± 0.03. After the overlap concentration the scaffold has transitioned to a more tightly cross-linked network that primarily stores energy. Additionally, continuing to increase concentration results in no change in the scaffold structure. Therefore, we determined that the properties of this scaffold can be tuned above and below the overlap concentration by changing the polymer concentration but the structure will remain the same in each concentration regime. This is advantageous for a wide range of applications that require scaffolds with varying stiffness and the same scaffold architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - Matthew D Wehrman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - Kelly M Schultz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
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15
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Abstract
Cell surface transmembrane receptors often form nanometer- to micrometer-scale clusters to initiate signal transduction in response to environmental cues. Extracellular ligand oligomerization, domain-domain interactions, and binding to multivalent proteins all contribute to cluster formation. Here we review the current understanding of mechanisms driving cluster formation in a series of representative receptor systems: glycosylated receptors, immune receptors, cell adhesion receptors, Wnt receptors, and receptor tyrosine kinases. We suggest that these clusters share properties of systems that undergo liquid-liquid phase separation and could be investigated in this light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Case
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; , ,
| | - Jonathon A Ditlev
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; , ,
| | - Michael K Rosen
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; , ,
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16
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Steele AN, Stapleton LM, Farry JM, Lucian HJ, Paulsen MJ, Eskandari A, Hironaka CE, Thakore AD, Wang H, Yu AC, Chan D, Appel EA, Woo YJ. A Biocompatible Therapeutic Catheter-Deliverable Hydrogel for In Situ Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801147. [PMID: 30714355 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have emerged as a diverse class of biomaterials offering a broad range of biomedical applications. Specifically, injectable hydrogels are advantageous for minimally invasive delivery of various therapeutics and have great potential to treat a number of diseases. However, most current injectable hydrogels are limited by difficult and time-consuming fabrication techniques and are unable to be delivered through long, narrow catheters, preventing extensive clinical translation. Here, the development of an easily-scaled, catheter-injectable hydrogel utilizing a polymer-nanoparticle crosslinking mechanism is reported, which exhibits notable shear-thinning and self-healing behavior. Gelation of the hydrogel occurs immediately upon mixing the biochemically modified hyaluronic acid polymer with biodegradable nanoparticles and can be easily injected through a high-gauge syringe due to the dynamic nature of the strong, yet reversible crosslinks. Furthermore, the ability to deliver this novel hydrogel through a long, narrow, physiologically-relevant catheter affixed with a 28-G needle is highlighted, with hydrogel mechanics unchanged after delivery. Due to the composition of the gel, it is demonstrated that therapeutics can be differentially released with distinct elution profiles, allowing precise control over drug delivery. Finally, the cell-signaling and biocompatibility properties of this innovative hydrogel are demonstrated, revealing its wide range of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Steele
- Department of Bioengineering; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Lyndsay M. Stapleton
- Department of Bioengineering; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Justin M. Farry
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Haley J. Lucian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Michael J. Paulsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Anahita Eskandari
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Camille E. Hironaka
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Akshara D. Thakore
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Anthony C. Yu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Doreen Chan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Yiping Joseph Woo
- Department of Bioengineering; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
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17
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J. B, Chanda K, M.M. B. Revisiting the insights and applications of protein engineered hydrogels. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 95:312-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Nakamura H, Lee AA, Afshar AS, Watanabe S, Rho E, Razavi S, Suarez A, Lin YC, Tanigawa M, Huang B, DeRose R, Bobb D, Hong W, Gabelli SB, Goutsias J, Inoue T. Intracellular production of hydrogels and synthetic RNA granules by multivalent molecular interactions. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:79-89. [PMID: 29115293 PMCID: PMC5916848 DOI: 10.1038/nmat5006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Some protein components of intracellular non-membrane-bound entities, such as RNA granules, are known to form hydrogels in vitro. The physico-chemical properties and functional role of these intracellular hydrogels are difficult to study, primarily due to technical challenges in probing these materials in situ. Here, we present iPOLYMER, a strategy for a rapid induction of protein-based hydrogels inside living cells that explores the chemically inducible dimerization paradigm. Biochemical and biophysical characterizations aided by computational modelling show that the polymer network formed in the cytosol resembles a physiological hydrogel-like entity that acts as a size-dependent molecular sieve. We functionalize these polymers with RNA-binding motifs that sequester polyadenine-containing nucleotides to synthetically mimic RNA granules. These results show that iPOLYMER can be used to synthetically reconstitute the nucleation of biologically functional entities, including RNA granules in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Albert A. Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Ali Sobhi Afshar
- Center for Imaging Science, Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218
- To whom correspondence regarding the computational analysis should be addressed: (A.S.A)
| | - Shigeki Watanabe
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Elmer Rho
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Shiva Razavi
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Allison Suarez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Makoto Tanigawa
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Brian Huang
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Robert DeRose
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Diana Bobb
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - William Hong
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Sandra B. Gabelli
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - John Goutsias
- Center for Imaging Science, Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- To whom general correspondence should be addressed: (T.I.)
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19
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Dubbin K, Tabet A, Heilshorn SC. Quantitative criteria to benchmark new and existing bio-inks for cell compatibility. Biofabrication 2017; 9:044102. [PMID: 28812982 PMCID: PMC5811195 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa869f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in 3D bioprinting have led to the fabrication of more complex, more precise, and larger printed tissue constructs. As the field continues to advance, it is critical to develop quantitative benchmarks to compare different bio-inks for key cell-biomaterial interactions, including (1) cell sedimentation within the ink cartridge, (2) cell viability during extrusion, and (3) cell viability after ink curing. Here we develop three simple protocols for quantitative analysis of bio-ink performance. These methods are used to benchmark the performance of two commonly used bio-inks, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), against three formulations of a novel bio-ink, Recombinant-protein Alginate Platform for Injectable Dual-crosslinked ink (RAPID ink). RAPID inks undergo peptide-self-assembly to form weak, shear-thinning gels in the ink cartridge and undergo electrostatic crosslinking with divalent cations during curing. In the one hour cell sedimentation assay, GelMA, the RAPID inks, and PEGDA with xanthan gum prevented appreciable cell sedimentation, while PEGDA alone or PEGDA with alginate experienced significant cell settling. To quantify cell viability during printing, 3T3 fibroblasts were printed at a constant flow rate of 75 μl min-1 and immediately tested for cell membrane integrity. Less than 10% of cells were damaged using the PEGDA and GelMA bio-inks, while less than 4% of cells were damaged using the RAPID inks. Finally, to evaluate cell viability after curing, cells were exposed to ink-specific curing conditions for five minutes and tested for membrane integrity. After exposure to light with photoinitiator at ambient conditions, over 50% of cells near the edges of printed PEGDA and GelMA droplets were damaged. In contrast, fewer than 20% of cells found near the edges of RAPID inks were damaged after a 5 min exposure to curing in a 10 mM CaCl2 solution. As new bio-inks continue to be developed, these protocols offer a convenient means to quantitatively benchmark their performance against existing inks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - SC Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305
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20
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Banani SF, Lee HO, Hyman AA, Rosen MK. Biomolecular condensates: organizers of cellular biochemistry. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:285-298. [PMID: 28225081 PMCID: PMC7434221 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3245] [Impact Index Per Article: 463.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are micron-scale compartments in eukaryotic cells that lack surrounding membranes but function to concentrate proteins and nucleic acids. These condensates are involved in diverse processes, including RNA metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, the DNA damage response and signal transduction. Recent studies have shown that liquid-liquid phase separation driven by multivalent macromolecular interactions is an important organizing principle for biomolecular condensates. With this physical framework, it is now possible to explain how the assembly, composition, physical properties and biochemical and cellular functions of these important structures are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman F. Banani
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hyun O. Lee
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anthony A. Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael K. Rosen
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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21
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Sedlacek O, Kucka J, Monnery BD, Slouf M, Vetrik M, Hoogenboom R, Hruby M. The effect of ionizing radiation on biocompatible polymers: From sterilization to radiolysis and hydrogel formation. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Xu X, Xu Z, Yang X, He Y, Lin R. Construction and characterization of a pure protein hydrogel for drug delivery application. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:294-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Yu AC, Chen H, Chan D, Agmon G, Stapleton LM, Sevit AM, Tibbitt MW, Acosta JD, Zhang T, Franzia PW, Langer R, Appel EA. Scalable manufacturing of biomimetic moldable hydrogels for industrial applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14255-14260. [PMID: 27911849 PMCID: PMC5167152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618156113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are a class of soft material that is exploited in many, often completely disparate, industrial applications, on account of their unique and tunable properties. Advances in soft material design are yielding next-generation moldable hydrogels that address engineering criteria in several industrial settings such as complex viscosity modifiers, hydraulic or injection fluids, and sprayable carriers. Industrial implementation of these viscoelastic materials requires extreme volumes of material, upwards of several hundred million gallons per year. Here, we demonstrate a paradigm for the scalable fabrication of self-assembled moldable hydrogels using rationally engineered, biomimetic polymer-nanoparticle interactions. Cellulose derivatives are linked together by selective adsorption to silica nanoparticles via dynamic and multivalent interactions. We show that the self-assembly process for gel formation is easily scaled in a linear fashion from 0.5 mL to over 15 L without alteration of the mechanical properties of the resultant materials. The facile and scalable preparation of these materials leveraging self-assembly of inexpensive, renewable, and environmentally benign starting materials, coupled with the tunability of their properties, make them amenable to a range of industrial applications. In particular, we demonstrate their utility as injectable materials for pipeline maintenance and product recovery in industrial food manufacturing as well as their use as sprayable carriers for robust application of fire retardants in preventing wildland fires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Yu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Haoxuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Doreen Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Gillie Agmon
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Alex M Sevit
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Mark W Tibbitt
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jesse D Acosta
- Department of Natural Resource Management & Environmental Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
| | | | | | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Eric A Appel
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
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24
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Dubbin K, Hori Y, Lewis KK, Heilshorn SC. Dual-Stage Crosslinking of a Gel-Phase Bioink Improves Cell Viability and Homogeneity for 3D Bioprinting. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2488-2492. [PMID: 27581767 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Current bioinks for cell-based 3D bioprinting are not suitable for technology scale-up due to the challenges of cell sedimentation, cell membrane damage, and cell dehydration. A novel bioink hydrogel is presented with dual-stage crosslinking specifically designed to overcome these three major hurdles. This bioink enables the direct patterning of highly viable, multicell type constructs with long-term spatial fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Dubbin
- Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Yuki Hori
- Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | | | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Materials Science and Engineering, 476 Lomita Mall Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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25
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Parisi-Amon A, Lo DD, Montoro DT, Dewi RE, Longaker MT, Heilshorn SC. Protein–Nanoparticle Hydrogels That Self-assemble in Response to Peptide-Based Molecular Recognition. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:750-756. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David D. Lo
- Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daniel T. Montoro
- Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ruby E. Dewi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, McCullough 246, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, McCullough 246, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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26
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Domeradzka NE, Werten MWT, Wolf FAD, de Vries R. Protein cross-linking tools for the construction of nanomaterials. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 39:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Webber MJ, Appel EA, Meijer EW, Langer R. Supramolecular biomaterials. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:13-26. [PMID: 26681596 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1028] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymers, ceramics and metals have historically dominated the application of materials in medicine. Yet rationally designed materials that exploit specific, directional, tunable and reversible non-covalent interactions offer unprecedented advantages: they enable modular and generalizable platforms with tunable mechanical, chemical and biological properties. Indeed, the reversible nature of supramolecular interactions gives rise to biomaterials that can sense and respond to physiological cues, or that mimic the structural and functional aspects of biological signalling. In this Review, we discuss the properties of several supramolecular biomaterials, as well as their applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and immunology. We envision that supramolecular biomaterials will contribute to the development of new therapies that combine highly functional materials with unmatched patient- and application-specific tailoring of both material and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Webber
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Eric A Appel
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science &Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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28
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Wang H, Heilshorn SC. Adaptable hydrogel networks with reversible linkages for tissue engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:3717-36. [PMID: 25989348 PMCID: PMC4528979 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Adaptable hydrogels have recently emerged as a promising platform for three-dimensional (3D) cell encapsulation and culture. In conventional, covalently crosslinked hydrogels, degradation is typically required to allow complex cellular functions to occur, leading to bulk material degradation. In contrast, adaptable hydrogels are formed by reversible crosslinks. Through breaking and re-formation of the reversible linkages, adaptable hydrogels can be locally modified to permit complex cellular functions while maintaining their long-term integrity. In addition, these adaptable materials can have biomimetic viscoelastic properties that make them well suited for several biotechnology and medical applications. In this review, an overview of adaptable-hydrogel design considerations and linkage selections is presented, with a focus on various cell-compatible crosslinking mechanisms that can be exploited to form adaptable hydrogels for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Wang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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29
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Abstract
Coupling analog frequency modulation (FM) to the driving stimulus in active microrheology measurements conducted with optical tweezers effectively parallelizes numerous single-frequency experiments. Consequently, frequency modulated microrheology (FMMR) can efficiently characterize the dynamic stress response of complex fluids over several frequency decades in a single experiment. The time required to complete an FMMR measurement scales with the lowest frequency probed, improving throughput over the serial frequency sweep approach. The ease of implementation, straight-forward data analysis and rapidity of FMMR offer particular utility toward applications such as characterization of non-equilibrium materials, automated microrheology instrumentation, high-throughput screening of biomaterials and (bio) pharmaceutical formulations, and in situ monitoring of chemical and biochemical reaction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Shindel
- University of Delaware, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics, 150 Academy St., Newark, Delaware, USA.
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30
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Cai L, Dewi RE, Heilshorn SC. Injectable Hydrogels with In Situ Double Network Formation Enhance Retention of Transplanted Stem Cells. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2015; 25:1344-1351. [PMID: 26273242 PMCID: PMC4529129 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201403631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ruby E. Dewi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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31
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Frohm B, DeNizio JE, Lee DSM, Gentile L, Olsson U, Malm J, Akerfeldt KS, Linse S. A peptide from human semenogelin I self-assembles into a pH-responsive hydrogel. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:414-421. [PMID: 25408475 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01793e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The peptide GSFSIQYTYHV derived from human semenogelin I forms a transparent hydrogel through spontaneous self-assembly in water at neutral pH. Linear rheology measurements demonstrate that the gel shows a dominating elastic response over a large frequency interval. CD, fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy and cryo-TEM studies imply long fibrillar aggregates of extended β-sheet. Dynamic light scattering data indicate that the fibril lengths are of the order of micrometers. Time-dependent thioflavin T fluorescence shows that fibril formation by GSFSIQYTYHV is a nucleated reaction. The peptide may serve as basis for development of smart biomaterials of low immunogenicity suitable for biomedical applications, including drug delivery and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Frohm
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P O Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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Lau HK, Kiick KL. Opportunities for multicomponent hybrid hydrogels in biomedical applications. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:28-42. [PMID: 25426888 PMCID: PMC4294583 DOI: 10.1021/bm501361c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels provide mechanical support and a hydrated environment that offer good cytocompatibility and controlled release of molecules, and myriad hydrogels thus have been studied for biomedical applications. In the past few decades, research in these areas has shifted increasingly to multicomponent hydrogels that better capture the multifunctional nature of native biological environments and that offer opportunities to selectively tailor materials properties. This review summarizes recent approaches aimed at producing multicomponent hydrogels, with descriptions of contemporary chemical and physical approaches for forming networks, and of the use of both synthetic and biologically derived molecules to impart desired properties. Specific multicomponent materials with enhanced mechanical properties are presented, as well as materials in which multiple biological functions are imparted for applications in tissue engineering, cancer treatment, and gene therapies. The progress in the field suggests significant promise for these approaches in the development of biomedically relevant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Kuen Lau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark Delaware 19716, United States
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Mulyasasmita W, Cai L, Dewi RE, Jha A, Ullmann SD, Luong RH, Huang NF, Heilshorn SC. Avidity-controlled hydrogels for injectable co-delivery of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells and growth factors. J Control Release 2014; 191:71-81. [PMID: 24848744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To translate recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell biology to clinical regenerative medicine therapies, new strategies to control the co-delivery of cells and growth factors are needed. Building on our previous work designing Mixing-Induced Two-Component Hydrogels (MITCHs) from engineered proteins, here we develop protein-polyethylene glycol (PEG) hybrid hydrogels, MITCH-PEG, which form physical gels upon mixing for cell and growth factor co-delivery. MITCH-PEG is a mixture of C7, which is a linear, engineered protein containing seven repeats of the CC43 WW peptide domain (C), and 8-arm star-shaped PEG conjugated with either one or two repeats of a proline-rich peptide to each arm (P1 or P2, respectively). Both 20kDa and 40kDa star-shaped PEG variants were investigated, and all four PEG-peptide variants were able to undergo a sol-gel phase transition when mixed with the linear C7 protein at constant physiological conditions due to noncovalent hetero-dimerization between the C and P domains. Due to the dynamic nature of the C-P physical crosslinks, all four gels were observed to be reversibly shear-thinning and self-healing. The P2 variants exhibited higher storage moduli than the P1 variants, demonstrating the ability to tune the hydrogel bulk properties through a biomimetic peptide-avidity strategy. The 20kDa PEG variants exhibited slower release of encapsulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), due to a decrease in hydrogel mesh size relative to the 40kDa variants. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) adopted a well-spread morphology within three-dimensional MITCH-PEG cultures, and MITCH-PEG provided significant protection from cell damage during ejection through a fine-gauge syringe needle. In a mouse hindlimb ischemia model of peripheral arterial disease, MITCH-PEG co-delivery of hiPSC-ECs and VEGF was found to reduce inflammation and promote muscle tissue regeneration compared to a saline control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ruby E Dewi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arshi Jha
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard H Luong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ngan F Huang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Cai L, Heilshorn SC. Designing ECM-mimetic materials using protein engineering. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1751-60. [PMID: 24365704 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The natural extracellular matrix (ECM), with its multitude of evolved cell-instructive and cell-responsive properties, provides inspiration and guidelines for the design of engineered biomaterials. One strategy to create ECM-mimetic materials is the modular design of protein-based engineered ECM (eECM) scaffolds. This modular design strategy involves combining multiple protein domains with different functionalities into a single, modular polymer sequence, resulting in a multifunctional matrix with independent tunability of the individual domain functions. These eECMs often enable decoupled control over multiple material properties for fundamental studies of cell-matrix interactions. In addition, since the eECMs are frequently composed entirely of bioresorbable amino acids, these matrices have immense clinical potential for a variety of regenerative medicine applications. This brief review demonstrates how fundamental knowledge gained from structure-function studies of native proteins can be exploited in the design of novel protein-engineered biomaterials. While the field of protein-engineered biomaterials has existed for over 20years, the community is only now beginning to fully explore the diversity of functional peptide modules that can be incorporated into these materials. We have chosen to highlight recent examples that either (i) demonstrate exemplary use as matrices with cell-instructive and cell-responsive properties or (ii) demonstrate outstanding creativity in terms of novel molecular-level design and macro-level functionality.
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Benitez PL, Heilshorn SC. Recombinant Protein Hydrogels for Cell Injection and Transplantation. HYDROGELS IN CELL-BASED THERAPIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622055-00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
As found in nature, full-length proteins consist of a genetically specified sequence of the 20 canonical amino acids, of a defined length. This sequence of chemically diverse functional groups enables the many highly controlled interactions with other molecules found in natural proteins. Recombinant proteins can be engineered to incorporate some of nature's palette of protein functionality into hydrogels for cell delivery. Current work demonstrates how this level of molecular precision can be used to address challenges in cell therapies, such as post-implantation viability, localization, and control, via specified gelation mechanics and tailored bioactive domains. Leveraging recombinant technology, including protein engineering, gene synthesis, expression, and purification, materials scientists have appropriated and modified naturally occurring proteins to achieve hydrogels that combine defined gelation mechanics with specified bioactive protein chemistries. Here, we specifically review recent developments in recombinant protein hydrogels that are either inspired by native extracellular matrix proteins (e.g. elastin, collagen, and resilin) or designed from non-matrix peptides (e.g. mixing-induced two-component hydrogels). In many of these case studies, domain- and sequence-level engineering enables a broad range of biochemical activity and mechanical control via gelation. Despite the remaining challenges of scalability and forward-designed predictability, hydrogels made of recombinant proteins offer exciting possibilities for sophisticated delivery of therapeutic cells, including multifactorial control, native-like mechanics, and sensitivity to signals from delivered cells or host tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Materials Science and Engineering McCullough Building, 476 Lomita Mall Stanford CA USA
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Mulyasasmita W, Cai L, Hori Y, Heilshorn SC. Avidity-controlled delivery of angiogenic peptides from injectable molecular-recognition hydrogels. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2102-14. [PMID: 24490588 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide mimics of growth factors represent an emerging class of therapeutic drugs due to high biological specificity and relative ease of synthesis. However, maintaining efficacious therapeutic dosage at the therapy site has proven challenging owing to poor intestinal permeability and short circulating half-lives in the blood stream. In this work, we present the affinity immobilization and controlled release of QK, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mimetic peptide, from an injectable mixing-induced two-component hydrogel (MITCH). The MITCH system is crosslinked by reversible interactions between WW domains and complementary proline-rich peptide modules. Fusion of the QK peptide to either one or two units of the proline-rich sequence creates bifunctional peptide conjugates capable of specific binding to MITCH while preserving their angiogenic bioactivity. Presenting two repeats of the proline-rich sequence increases the binding enthalpy 2.5 times due to avidity effects. Mixing of the drug conjugates with MITCH components results in drug encapsulation and extended release at rates consistent with the affinity immobilization strength. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with the soluble drug conjugates exhibit morphogenetic events of VEGF receptor 2 signal transduction followed by cell migration and organization into networks characteristic of early angiogenesis. In a three-dimensional model where HUVECs were cultured as spheroids in a matrix of collagen and fibronectin, injection of drug-releasing MITCH resulted in significantly more cell outgrowth than drugs injected in saline. This ability to sustain local drug availability is ideal for therapeutic angiogenesis applications, where spatiotemporal control over drug distribution is a key requirement for clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widya Mulyasasmita
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California
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Greenwood-Goodwin M, Teasley ES, Heilshorn SC. Dual-stage growth factor release within 3D protein-engineered hydrogel niches promotes adipogenesis. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1627-1639. [PMID: 25309741 DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00142g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Engineered biomimetic microenvironments from hydrogels are an emerging strategy to achieve lineage-specific differentiation in vitro. In addition to recapitulating critical matrix cues found in the native three-dimensional (3D) niche, the hydrogel can also be designed to deliver soluble factors that are present within the native inductive microenvironment. We demonstrate a versatile materials approach for the dual-stage delivery of multiple soluble factors within a 3D hydrogel to induce adipogenesis. We use a Mixing-Induced Two-Component Hydrogel (MITCH) embedded with alginate microgels to deliver two pro-adipogenic soluble factors, fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) with two distinct delivery profiles. We show that dual-stage delivery of FGF-1 and BMP-4 to human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) significantly increases lipid accumulation compared with the simultaneous delivery of both growth factors together. Furthermore, dual-stage growth factor delivery within a 3D hydrogel resulted in substantially more lipid accumulation compared to identical delivery profiles in 2D cultures. Gene expression analysis shows upregulation of key adipogenic markers indicative of brown-like adipocytes. These data suggest that dual-stage release of FGF-1 and BMP-4 within 3D microenvironments can promote the in vitro development of mature adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric S Teasley
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Wang J, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhou H. A protein-based hydrogel for in vitro expansion of mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75727. [PMID: 24069442 PMCID: PMC3777955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are widely used as scaffolds in tissue engineering because they can provide excellent environments for bioactive components including growth factors and cells. We reported in this study on a physical hydrogel formed by a specific protein-peptide interaction, which could be used for the three dimensional (3D) cell culture of murine mesenchymal stem cells (mMSC). The mMSC kept dividing during the 7-day culture period and the metabolic-active cell number at day 7 was 359% more than that at day 1. This kind of physical hydrogel could be converted to a homogeneous solution by firstly adding an equal volume of culture medium and then pipeting for several times. Therefore, mMSC post culture could be easily separated from cell-gel constructs. We believed that the protein-based hydrogel system in this study could be developed into a promising scaffold for in vitro expansion of stem cells and cell therapy. This work would be in the general interests of researchers in the fields of biomaterials and supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Parisi-Amon A, Mulyasasmita W, Chung C, Heilshorn SC. Protein-engineered injectable hydrogel to improve retention of transplanted adipose-derived stem cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2013. [PMID: 23184882 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Improved retention of transplanted stem cells is achieved through minimally invasive delivery in MITCH, a mixing-induced two-component hydrogel that was engineered to possess shear-thinning and self-healing thixotropic properties. MITCH, an ideal injectable cell-delivery vehicle, supports 3D stem-cell culture, resulting in high cell viability and physiologically relevant cell morphology.
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Stephanopoulos N, Ortony JH, Stupp SI. Self-Assembly for the Synthesis of Functional Biomaterials. ACTA MATERIALIA 2013; 61:912-930. [PMID: 23457423 PMCID: PMC3580867 DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of self-assembly for the construction of functional biomaterials is a highly promising and exciting area of research, with great potential for the treatment of injury or disease. By using multiple noncovalent interactions, coded into the molecular design of the constituent components, self-assembly allows for the construction of complex, adaptable, and highly tunable materials with potent biological effects. This review describes some of the seminal advances in the use of self-assembly to make novel systems for regenerative medicine and biology. Materials based on peptides, proteins, DNA, or hybrids thereof have found application in the treatment of a wide range of injuries and diseases, and this review outlines the design principles and practical applications of these systems. Most of the examples covered focus on the synthesis of hydrogels for the scaffolding or transplantation of cells, with an emphasis on the biological, mechanical, and structural properties of the resulting materials. In addition, we will discuss the distinct advantages conferred by self-assembly (compared with traditional covalent materials), and present some of the challenges and opportunities for the next generation of self-assembled biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Stephanopoulos
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior St., Suite 11-131, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Julia H. Ortony
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior St., Suite 11-131, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior St., Suite 11-131, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Messina PV, Hassan N, Soltero A, Ruso JM. Identifying emerging trends of protein hydrogels for biological scaffolding. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42204f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Wang H, Shi Y, Wang L, Yang Z. Recombinant proteins as cross-linkers for hydrogelations. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:891-901. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35358j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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DiMarco RL, Heilshorn SC. Multifunctional materials through modular protein engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:3923-40. [PMID: 22730248 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of potential applications for protein-engineered materials has undergone profound recent expansion through a rapid increase in the library of domains that have been utilized in these materials. Historically, protein-engineered biomaterials have been generated from a handful of peptides that were selected and exploited for their naturally evolved functionalities. In recent years, the scope of the field has drastically expanded to include peptide domains that were designed through computational modeling, identified through high-throughput screening, or repurposed from wild type domains to perform functions distinct from their primary native applications. The strategy of exploiting a diverse library of peptide domains to design modular block copolymers enables the synthesis of multifunctional protein-engineered materials with a range of customizable properties and activities. As the diversity of peptide domains utilized in modular protein engineering continues to expand, a tremendous and ever-growing combinatorial expanse of material functionalities will result.
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Grove TZ, Regan L. New materials from proteins and peptides. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2012; 22:451-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Hybrid biomaterials are systems created from components of at least two distinct classes of molecules, for example, synthetic macromolecules and proteins or peptide domains. The synergistic combination of two types of structures may produce new materials that possess unprecedented levels of structural organization and novel properties. This Review focuses on biorecognition-driven self-assembly of hybrid macromolecules into functional hydrogel biomaterials. First, basic rules that govern the secondary structure of peptides are discussed, and then approaches to the specific design of hybrid systems with tailor-made properties are evaluated, followed by a discussion on the similarity of design principles of biomaterials and macromolecular therapeutics. Finally, the future of the field is briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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Kopeček J, Yang J. “Intelligente” Biomaterialien durch Selbstorganisation von Hybridhydrogelen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Zhang X, Chu X, Wang L, Wang H, Liang G, Zhang J, Long J, Yang Z. Rational Design of a Tetrameric Protein to Enhance Interactions between Self-Assembled Fibers Gives Molecular Hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zhang X, Chu X, Wang L, Wang H, Liang G, Zhang J, Long J, Yang Z. Rational Design of a Tetrameric Protein to Enhance Interactions between Self-Assembled Fibers Gives Molecular Hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4388-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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