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Biocompatible mechano-bactericidal nanopatterned surfaces with salt-responsive bacterial release. Acta Biomater 2022; 141:198-208. [PMID: 35066170 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bio-inspired nanostructures have demonstrated highly efficient mechano-bactericidal performances with no risk of bacterial resistance; however, they are prone to become contaminated with the killed bacterial debris. Herein, a biocompatible mechano-bactericidal nanopatterned surface with salt-responsive bacterial releasing behavior is developed by grafting salt-responsive polyzwitterionic (polyDVBAPS) brushes on a bio-inspired nanopattern surface. Benefiting from the salt-triggered configuration change of the grafted polymer brushes, this dual-functional surface shows high mechano-bactericidal efficiency in water (low ionic strength condition), while the dead bacterial residuals can be easily lifted by the extended polymer chains and removed from the surface in 1 M NaCl solution (high ionic strength conditions). Notably, this functionalized nanopatterned surface shows selective biocidal activity between bacterial cells sand eukaryotic cells. The biocompatibility with red blood cells (RBCs) and mammalian cells was tested in vitro. The histocompatibility and prevention of perioperative contamination activity were verified by in vivo evaluation in a rat subcutaneous implant model. This nanopatterned surface with bacterial killing and releasing activities may open new avenues for designing bio-inspired mechano-bactericidal platforms with long-term efficacy, thus presenting a facile alternative in combating perioperative-related bacterial infection. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bioinspired nanostructured surfaces with noticeable mechano-bactericidal activity showed great potential in moderating drug-resistance. However, the nanopatterned surfaces are prone to be contaminated by the killed bacterial debris and compromised the bactericidal performance. In this study, we provide a dual-functional antibacterial conception with both mechano-bactericidal and bacterial releasing performances not requiring external chemical bactericidal agents. Additionally, this functionalized antibacterial surface also shows selective biocidal activity between bacteria and eukaryotic cells, and the excellent biocompatibility was tested in vitro and in vivo. The new concept for the functionalized mechano-bactericidal surface here illustrated presents a facile antibiotic-free alternative in combating perioperative related bacterial infection in practical application.
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Balasubramaniam A, Manderfeld E, Krause LMK, Wanka R, Schwarze J, Beyer CD, Rosenhahn A. Visible light-induced controlled surface grafting polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate from isopropylthioxanthone semipinacol-terminated organic monolayers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reaction scheme of the visible light-induced controlled surface grafting polymerization of methacrylate monomers onto organosilane-coated silicon initiated by previously coupled dormant ITXSP groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Manderfeld
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces
- Ruhr University Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Lutz M. K. Krause
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces
- Ruhr University Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Robin Wanka
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces
- Ruhr University Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Jana Schwarze
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces
- Ruhr University Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Cindy D. Beyer
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces
- Ruhr University Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces
- Ruhr University Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
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4
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Liu T, Yan S, Zhou R, Zhang X, Yang H, Yan Q, Yang R, Luan S. Self-Adaptive Antibacterial Coating for Universal Polymeric Substrates Based on a Micrometer-Scale Hierarchical Polymer Brush System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42576-42585. [PMID: 32867474 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface-tethered hierarchical polymer brushes find wide applications in the development of antibacterial surfaces due to the well-defined spatial distribution and the separate but complementary properties of different blocks. Existing methods to achieve such polymer brushes mainly focused on inorganic material substrates, precluding their practical applications on common medical devices. In this work, a hierarchical polymer brush system is proposed and facilely constructed on polymeric substrates via light living graft polymerization. The polymer brush system with micrometer-scale thickness exhibits a unique hierarchical architecture consisting of a poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) outer layer and an anionic inner layer loading with cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) via electrostatic attraction. The surface of this system inhibits the initial adhesion of bacteria by the PHEMA hydration outer layer under neutral pH conditions; when bacteria adhere and proliferate on this surface, the bacterially induced acidification triggers the cleavage of labile amide bonds within the inner layer to expose the positively charged amines and vigorously release melittin (MLT), allowing the surface to timely kill the adhering bacteria. The hierarchical surface employs multiple antibacterial mechanisms to combat bacterial infection and shows high sensitiveness and responsiveness to pathogens. A new paradigm is supplied by this modular hierarchical polymer brushes system for the progress of intelligent surfaces on universal polymer substrates, showing great potential to a promising strategy for preventing infection related to medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shunjie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Medical Implantable Devices & Key Laboratory for Medical Implantable Devices of Shandong Province, WEGO Holding Company Limited, Weihai 264210, P. R. China
| | - Rongtao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Medical Implantable Devices & Key Laboratory for Medical Implantable Devices of Shandong Province, WEGO Holding Company Limited, Weihai 264210, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Huawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Ran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shifang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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Masigol M, Barua N, Lokitz BS, Hansen RR. Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30010667 DOI: 10.3791/57562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, fabrication methods that generate novel surfaces using the azlactone-based block co-polymer, poly (glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly (vinyl dimethyl azlactone) (PGMA-b-PVDMA), are presented. Due to the high reactivity of azlactone groups towards amine, thiol, and hydroxyl groups, PGMA-b-PVDMA surfaces can be modified with secondary molecules to create chemically or biologically functionalized interfaces for a variety of applications. Previous reports of patterned PGMA-b-PVDMA interfaces have used traditional top-down patterning techniques that generate non-uniform films and poorly controlled background chemistries. Here, we describe customized patterning techniques that enable precise deposition of highly uniform PGMA-b-PVDMA films in backgrounds that are chemically inert or that have biomolecule-repellent properties. Importantly, these methods are designed to deposit PGMA-b-PVDMA films in a manner that completely preserves azlactone functionality through each processing step. Patterned films show well-controlled thicknesses that correspond to polymer brushes (~90 nm) or to highly crosslinked structures (~1-10 μm). Brush patterns are generated using either the parylene lift-off or interface directed assembly methods described and are useful for precise modulation of overall chemical surface reactivity by adjusting either the PGMA-b-PVDMA pattern density or the length of the VDMA block. In contrast, the thick, crosslinked PGMA-b-PVDMA patterns are obtained using a customized micro-contact printing technique and offer the benefit of higher loading or capture of secondary material due to higher surface area to volume ratios. Detailed experimental steps, critical film characterizations, and trouble-shooting guides for each fabrication method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niloy Barua
- Chemical Engineering Department, Kansas State University
| | - Bradley S Lokitz
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
| | - Ryan R Hansen
- Chemical Engineering Department, Kansas State University;
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Raczkowska J, Awsiuk K, Prauzner-Bechcicki S, Pabijan J, Zemła J, Budkowski A, Lekka M. Patterning of cancerous cells driven by a combined modification of mechanical and chemical properties of the substrate. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Raczkowska J, Prauzner-Bechcicki S, Dąbczyński P, Szydlak R. Elasticity patterns induced by phase-separation in polymer blend films. THIN SOLID FILMS 2017; 624:181-186. [PMID: 29681664 PMCID: PMC5909711 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Systematical studies on the impact of the thickness of thin films composed of polystyrene (PS) or poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) on the effective elasticity of polymer-decorated soft polydimethylsiloxane substrate were performed. For both investigated polymer films, elasticity parameter was determined from force-displacement curves recorded using atomic force microscopy. Effective stiffness of supported film grows monotonically with film thickness, starting from the value comparable to the elasticity of soft support and reaching plateau for polymer layers thicker than 200 nm. In contrary, for films cast on hard support no significant thickness dependence of elasticity was observed and the value of elasticity parameter was similar to the one of the substrate. Based on these results, non-conventional method to produce elasticity patterns of various shapes and dimensions induced by phase-separation process in symmetric and asymmetric PS:PEO blend films on soft support was demonstrated. Elevated PS domains were characterized by elasticity parameter 2 times higher than lower PEO matrix. In contrary, adhesion force was increased more than 3 times for PEO regions, as compared to PS areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Raczkowska
- The Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-428 Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Prauzner-Bechcicki
- The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Dąbczyński
- The Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-428 Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Szydlak
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
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Feng W, Li L, Yang C, Welle A, Trapp O, Levkin PA. UV-Induced Tetrazole-Thiol Reaction for Polymer Conjugation and Surface Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8732-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Feng W, Li L, Yang C, Welle A, Trapp O, Levkin PA. UV-Induced Tetrazole-Thiol Reaction for Polymer Conjugation and Surface Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Zhu X, Ma Y, Zhao C, Lin Z, Zhang L, Chen R, Yang W. A mild strategy to encapsulate enzyme into hydrogel layer grafted on polymeric substrate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:15229-15237. [PMID: 25489918 DOI: 10.1021/la5035273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the hydrogel network has been widely investigated as a carrier for enzyme immobilization, to in situ encapsulate enzymes into a hydrogel network in an efficient, practical, and active way is still one of the great challenges in the field of biochemical engineering. Here, we report a new protocol to address this issue by encapsulating enzyme into poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel network grafted on polymeric substrates. In our strategy, isopropyl thioxanthone semipinacol (ITXSP) dormant groups were first planted onto the surface of a plastic matrix with low density polyethylene (LDPE) film as a model by a UV-induced abstracting hydrogen-coupling reaction. As a proof of concept, lipase, which could catalyze esterification of glucose with palmitic acid, then was in situ net-immobilized into a PEG-based hydrogel network layer through a visible light-induced surface controlled/living graft cross-linking polymerization. This strategy demonstrates the following novel significant merits: (1) in comparison with the UV irradiation or high temperature, the visible light and room temperature used provide a friendly condition to maintain activity of enzyme during immobilization; (2) the uniqueness of controlled/living cross-linking polymerization not only makes it easy to form a uniform PEG hydrogel network, which is a benefit to avoid the leakage of net-immobilizing enzyme, but also to tune the net-thickness or capacity to accommodate enzyme; and (3) as compared to systems of nanoparticles and porous matrixes, the flexible/robust end-products of the surface net-immobilizing enzyme with polymer film are more suitable to be applied in a bioreactor due to their features of easier separation and reuse. We confirmed that this catalytic film could retain almost all of its initial activity after seven batches of 24 h esterifications. The proposed strategy provides an extremely simple, effective, and flexible method for enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
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Krishnamoorthy M, Hakobyan S, Ramstedt M, Gautrot JE. Surface-initiated polymer brushes in the biomedical field: applications in membrane science, biosensing, cell culture, regenerative medicine and antibacterial coatings. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10976-1026. [PMID: 25353708 DOI: 10.1021/cr500252u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahentha Krishnamoorthy
- Institute of Bioengineering and ‡School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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Lin Z, Ma Y, Zhao C, Chen R, Zhu X, Zhang L, Yan X, Yang W. An extremely simple method for fabricating 3D protein microarrays with an anti-fouling background and high protein capacity. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2505-14. [PMID: 24852169 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00223g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein microarrays have become vital tools for various applications in biomedicine and bio-analysis during the past decade. The intense requirements for a lower detection limit and industrialization in this area have resulted in a persistent pursuit to fabricate protein microarrays with a low background and high signal intensity via simple methods. Here, we report on an extremely simple strategy to create three-dimensional (3D) protein microarrays with an anti-fouling background and a high protein capacity by photo-induced surface sequential controlled/living graft polymerization developed in our lab. According to this strategy, "dormant" groups of isopropyl thioxanthone semipinacol (ITXSP) were first introduced to a polymeric substrate through ultraviolet (UV)-induced surface abstraction of hydrogen, followed by a coupling reaction. Under visible light irradiation, the ITXSP groups were photolyzed to initiate surface living graft polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl methacrylate (PEGMMA), thus introducing PEG brushes to the substrate to generate a full anti-fouling background. Due to the living nature of this graft polymerization, there were still ITXSP groups on the chain ends of the PEG brushes. Therefore, by in situ secondary living graft cross-linking copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), we could finally plant height-controllable cylinder microarrays of a 3D PEG network containing reactive epoxy groups onto the PEG brushes. Through a commonly used reaction of amine and epoxy groups, the proteins could readily be covalently immobilized onto the microarrays. This delicate design aims to overcome two universal limitations in protein microarrays: a full anti-fouling background can effectively eliminate noise caused by non-specific absorption and a 3D reactive network provides a larger protein-loading capacity to improve signal intensity. The results of non-specific protein absorption tests demonstrated that the introduction of PEG brushes greatly improved the anti-fouling properties of the pristine low-density polyethylene (LDPE), for which the absorption to bovine serum albumin was reduced by 83.3%. Moreover, the 3D protein microarrays exhibited a higher protein capacity than the controls to which were attached the same protein on PGMA brushes and monolayer epoxy functional groups. The 3D protein microarrays were used to test the immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in human serum, suggesting that they could be used for biomedical diagnosis, which indicates that more potential bio-applications could be developed for these protein microarrays in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Wu Z, Wang D, Yang P. A Facile Bifunctional Strategy for Fabrication of Bioactive or Bioinert Functionalized Organic Surfaces via Amides-Initiated Photochemical Reactions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie501058f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfang Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloids Chemistry, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xìan, 710119 China
| | - Dehui Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloids Chemistry, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xìan, 710119 China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloids Chemistry, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xìan, 710119 China
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14
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Zhao C, Lin Z, Yin H, Ma Y, Xu F, Yang W. PEG molecular net-cloth grafted on polymeric substrates and its bio-merits. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4982. [PMID: 24845078 PMCID: PMC4028697 DOI: 10.1038/srep04982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer brushes and hydrogels are sensitive to the environment, which can cause uncontrolled variations on their performance. Herein, for the first time, we report a non-swelling "PEG molecular net-cloth" on a solid surface, fabricated using a novel "visible light induced surface controlled graft cross-linking polymerization" (VSCGCP) technique. Via this method, we show that 1) the 3D-network structure of the net-cloth can be precisely modulated and its thickness controlled; 2) the PEG net-cloth has excellent resistance to non-specific protein adsorption and cell adhesion; 3) the mild polymerization conditions (i.e. visible light and room temperature) provided an ideal tool for in situ encapsulation of delicate biomolecules such as enzymes; 4) the successive grafting of reactive three-dimensional patterns on the PEG net-cloth enables the creation of protein microarrays with high signal to noise ratio. Importantly, this strategy is applicable to any C-H containing surface, and can be easily tailored for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zhifeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Huabing Yin
- College of Science and Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Fujian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Wantai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 China
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15
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Li D, Zheng Q, Wang Y, Chen H. Combining surface topography with polymer chemistry: exploring new interfacial biological phenomena. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00739a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on combining surface topography and surface chemical modification by the grafting of polymers to develop optimal material interfaces with synergistic properties and functions for biological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Qing Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Hong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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