1
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Shen M, Zheng L, Koole LH. Polymeric Microspheres Designed to Carry Crystalline Drugs at Their Surface or Inside Cavities and Dimples. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2146. [PMID: 37631360 PMCID: PMC10460081 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Injectable polymer microparticles with the ability to carry and release pharmacologically active agents are attracting more and more interest. This study is focused on the chemical synthesis, characterization, and preliminary exploration of the utility of a new type of injectable drug-releasing polymer microparticle. The particles feature a new combination of structural and physico-chemical properties: (i) their geometry deviates from the spherical in the sense that the particles have a cavity; (ii) the particles are porous and can therefore be loaded with crystalline drug formulations; drug crystals can reside at both the particle's surfaces and inside cavities; (iii) the particles are relatively dense since the polymer network contains covalently bound iodine (approximately 10% by mass); this renders the drug-loaded particles traceable (localizable) by X-ray fluoroscopy. This study presents several examples. First, the particles were loaded with crystalline voriconazole, which is a potent antifungal drug used in ophthalmology to treat fungal keratitis (infection/inflammation of the cornea caused by penetrating fungus). Drug loading as high as 10% by mass (=mass of immobilized drug/(mass of the microparticle + mass of immobilized drug) × 100%) could be achieved. Slow local release of voriconazole from these particles was observed in vitro. These findings hold promise regarding new approaches to treat fungal keratitis. Moreover, this study can help to expand the scope of the transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) technique since it enables the use of higher drug loadings (thus enabling higher local drug concentration or extended therapy duration), as well as application of hydrophobic drugs that cannot be used in combination with existing TACE embolic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leo H. Koole
- Innovative Bioengineering Laboratory for Ocular Drug Delivery, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou 325027, China; (M.S.); (L.Z.)
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2
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Sarmout M, Xiao Y, Hu X, Rakhmetova A, Koole LH. A novel approach to achieve semi-sustained drug delivery to the eye through asymmetric loading of soft contact lenses. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16916. [PMID: 37484374 PMCID: PMC10360931 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft contact lenses are increasingly being explored as a vehicle for controlled delivery of ophthalmic drugs. However, traditional methods of drug-loading by soaking have limitations such as burst delivery and the release of drugs at the front side of the lens, leading to poor drug efficacy and systemic side effects. This study introduces a new methodology, termed asymmetric drug loading, whereby the ophthalmic drug 'Rebamipide' is attached to and released from the post-lens (=cornea-contacting) surface exclusively. The methodology involves using polymeric microparticles that carry a lipophilic crystalline ophthalmic drug at their surface. These drug-loaded microparticles first transfer the drug to the concave surface of the contact lens, and when worn, the drug is transferred again, now from the lens to the cornea. This is achieved through the diffusion of the drug from one hydrophobic microenvironment (the silicone moieties of the contact lens polymer network) to another hydrophobic microenvironment (the corneal epithelium) over a short pathway. The second drug transfer was observed and studied in experiments using an ex vivo porcine eye model. The results show that the drug amount that was absorbed by the cornea after applying the rebamipide-loaded contact lenses is approximately 3× (10.7 ± 3.1 μg) as much as the amount of rebamipide that gets transferred after the instillation of one eye drop (1% solution (p < 0.001). The new drug-loading method offers a practical and reproducible means of delivering ophthalmic drugs to the cornea through soft contact lenses. The drug payloads achieved are comparable to dosages used during eye drop therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Leo H. Koole
- Corresponding author. The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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3
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Chen H, Xie CS, Li YS, Deng ZQ, Lv YF, Bi QC, Tang JJ, Luo RG, Tang Q. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of transarterial sevelamer embolization in a rabbit liver cancer model: A challenge on the size rule for vascular occlusion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1058042. [PMID: 36578505 PMCID: PMC9790902 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1058042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most efficient method to treat hepatocellular carcinoma in the immediate or advanced stage, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is coming into the era of microsphere (MP). Drug-eluting beads have shown their huge potential as an embolic agent and drug carrier for chemoembolization, but their sizes are strictly limited to be above 40 μm, which was considered to occlude vessels in a safe mode. microsphere smaller than 40 µm is easy to be washed out and transported to the normal liver lobe or other organs, causing severe adverse events and failed embolization. To determine whether sevelamer ultrafine particle (0.2-0.5 µm) is qualified as a safe and efficient embolic agent, we investigated the safety and therapeutic efficiency of transarterial sevelamer embolization (TASE) in the VX2 rabbit liver cancer model, aiming to challenge the "40 µm" rule on the selection criteria of the MP. In a four-arm study, blank bead (Callisphere, 100-300 µm), luminescent polystyrene microsphere (10, 100 µm), and sevelamer particle were transarterially administered to evaluate the threshold size of the MP size for intrahepatic or extrahepatic permeability. Another four-arm study was designed to clarify the safety and efficiency of preclinical transarterial sevelamer embolizationTASE tests over other techniques. Sham (saline), TASE, C-TACE, and D-TACE (n = 6) were compared in terms of serum chemistry, histopathology, and tumor necrosis ratio. In the first trials, the "40 µm" rule was detectable on the VX2 cancer model, but the regulation has no application to the new embolic agent as sevelamer ultrafine particles have not been found to leak out from the VX2 lesions, only found in the embolized vessels. Pathology proves that less viable tumor residue was found 2 weeks after the procedure, evidencing a better therapeutic outcome. No adverse events were found except for a short stress response. These results indicate that sevelamer is a safe and efficient embolic as an alternative to the current MP-based embolization therapy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuan-Sheng Xie
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan-Shu Li
- Jiangxi Center of Medical Device Testing, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang-Feng Lv
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiu-Chen Bi
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian-Jun Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rong-Guang Luo
- Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qun Tang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Qun Tang,
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Embolization therapy with microspheres for the treatment of liver cancer: State-of-the-art of clinical translation. Acta Biomater 2022; 149:1-15. [PMID: 35842035 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Embolization with microspheres is a therapeutic strategy based on the selective occlusion of the blood vessels feeding a tumor. This procedure is intraarterially performed in the clinical setting for the treatment of liver cancer. The practice has evolved over the last decade through the incorporation of drug loading ability, biodegradability and imageability with the subsequent added functionality for the physicians and improved clinical outcomes for the patients. This review highlights the evolution of the embolization systems developed through the analysis of the marketed embolic microspheres for the treatment of malignant hepatocellular carcinoma, namely the most predominant form of liver cancer. Embolic microspheres for the distinct modalities of embolization (i.e., bland embolization, chemoembolization and radioembolization) are here comprehensively compiled with emphasis on material characteristics and their impact on microsphere performance. Moreover, the future application of the embolics under clinical investigation is discussed along with the scientific and regulatory challenges ahead in the field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Embolization therapy with microspheres is currently used in the clinical setting for the treatment of most liver cancer conditions. The progressive development of added functionalities on embolic microspheres (such as biodegradability, imageability or drug and radiopharmaceutical loading capability) provides further benefit to patients and widens the therapeutic armamentarium for physicians towards truly personalized therapies. Therefore, it is important to analyze the possibilities that advanced biomaterials offer in the field from a clinical translational perspective to outline the future trends in therapeutic embolization.
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Jia G, Van Valkenburgh J, Chen AZ, Chen Q, Li J, Zuo C, Chen K. Recent advances and applications of microspheres and nanoparticles in transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1749. [PMID: 34405552 PMCID: PMC8850537 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a recommended treatment for patients suffering from intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As compared to the conventional TACE, drug-eluting bead TACE demonstrates several advantages in terms of survival, treatment response, and adverse effects. The selection of embolic agents is critical to the success of TACE. Many studies have been performed on the modification of the structure, size, homogeneity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of embolic agents. Continuing efforts are focused on efficient loading of versatile chemotherapeutics, controlled sizes for sufficient occlusion, real-time detection intra- and post-procedure, and multimodality imaging-guided precise treatment. Here, we summarize recent advances and applications of microspheres and nanoparticles in TACE for HCC. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Jia
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Juno Van Valkenburgh
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Austin Z. Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jindian Li
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Changjing Zuo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China,Corresponding authors ,(Changjing Zuo); , (Kai Chen)
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA,Corresponding authors ,(Changjing Zuo); , (Kai Chen)
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6
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Fan YK, Feng SM, Liu XL, Li KQ, Chen DL, Xiong CD. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Radiopaque Polycarbonate. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100906. [PMID: 35019170 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric materials implanted in the human body are usually invisible under X-ray, and the mixing of heavy metal salts into polymeric materials by physical compounding often poses compatibility problems. A new iodine-containing cyclic carbonate monomer, 4-iodo-N-(2-oxo-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)benzamide (IBTMC), is synthesized, which has a degradable carbonate group as its basic structural unit and iodine atoms attached to the side chain in the form of covalent bonds. The ring-opening polymerization of IBTMC is achieved at room temperature under the catalysis of the solid superbase 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD). The structure and X-ray developing ability of the synthesized polycarbonate are characterized by 1 H-NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), and micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). The iodine atoms remain bound to the polymer as covalent bonds after a series of reactions and exhibit a high level of X-ray opacity. In vitro degradation experiments of the polymer prove that the polymer is degradable.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Kun Fan
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Shao Min Feng
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Xi Liang Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Kai Qi Li
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liang Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Dong Xiong
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
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Yi Z, Sun Z, Shen Y, Luo D, Zhang R, Ma S, Zhao R, Farheen J, Iqbal MZ, Kong X. The sodium hyaluronate microspheres fabricated by solution drying for transcatheter arterial embolization. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4105-4114. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00413e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is an effective therapeutic method for several clinical ailments. Interminably, the polymer microsphere is reflected as one of the idyllic embolic materials due to the exceptional...
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8
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Jeon SI, Kim MS, Kim HJ, Kim YI, Jae HJ, Ahn CH. Biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres encapsulating hydrophobic contrast agents for transarterial chemoembolization. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 33:409-425. [PMID: 34613885 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1990472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a therapeutic approach to address hepatocellular carcinoma by obstructing the blood supply to the tumor using embolic agents and improving the local delivery of anticancer agents. Size-calibrated polymeric microspheres (MSs) termed drug-eluting beads (DEBs) are the most prevalent solid embolic materials; however, their limitations include insufficient X-ray visibility or biodegradability. In this study, size-controlled polymeric MSs with inherent radiopacity and biodegradability were created, and their embolic effect was assessed. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) MSs (PLGA MSs) incorporating a hydrophobic X-ray contrast agent and an anticancer drug were produced by the w/o/w emulsion process. Their sizes were exactly calibrated to 71.40 ± 32.18 and 142.66 ± 59.92 μm in diameter, respectively, which were confirmed to have sizes similar to the clinically available DEBs. The iodine content of PLGA MSs was calculated as 144 mgI/g, and the loading quantity of the drug was 1.33%. Manufactured PLGA MSs were gradually degraded for 10 weeks and consistently released the anticancer drug. Following the PLGA MSs injection into the renal artery of New Zealand white rabbit test subjects, their deliverability to the targeted vessel through the microcatheter was confirmed. Injected PLGA MSs were clearly imaged through the real-time X-ray device without blending any contrast agents. The embolic effect of the PLGA MSs was ultimately established by the atrophy of an embolized kidney after 8 weeks. Consequently, the designed PLGA MS is anticipated to be an encouraging prospect to address hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ik Jeon
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Song Kim
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Kim
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hwan Jun Jae
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Ahn
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Vogt K, Aryan L, Stealey S, Hall A, Pereira K, Zustiak SP. Microfluidic fabrication of imageable and resorbable polyethylene glycol microspheres for catheter embolization. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:131-142. [PMID: 34289220 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiopaque and degradable hydrogel microspheres have a range of potential uses in medicine including proper placement of embolic material during occlusion procedures, acting as inherently embolic materials, and serving as drug carriers that can be located after injection. Current methods for creating radiopaque microspheres are either unable to fully and homogeneously incorporate radiopaque material throughout the microspheres for optimal imaging capabilities, do not result in degradable or fully compressible microspheres, or require elaborate, time-consuming preparation. We used a simple one-step microfluidic method to fabricate imageable, degradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) microspheres of varying sizes with homogenous dispersion of barium sulfate-a biocompatible, high-radiopacity contrast agent. The imageability of the microspheres was characterized using optical microscopy and microcomputed tomography as a function of barium sulfate loading. Microspheres with 20% wt/vol barium sulfate had a mean CT attenuation value of 1,510 HU, similar to that of cortical bone, which should enable visualization with soft tissue. Compared with unloaded microspheres, barium sulfate-loaded ones saw an increase in gelation and degradation times and storage modulus and decrease in swelling. Imageable microspheres retained compressibility and were injectable via catheter. The developed radiopaque, degradable PEG microspheres have various potential uses for interventional radiologists and imaging laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Vogt
- Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lavanya Aryan
- Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samuel Stealey
- Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew Hall
- Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kieth Pereira
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Saint Louis University Hospital, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Silviya P Zustiak
- Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Beh CW, Fu Y, Weiss CR, Hu C, Arepally A, Mao HQ, Wang TH, Kraitchman DL. Microfluidic-prepared, monodisperse, X-ray-visible, embolic microspheres for non-oncological embolization applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3591-3600. [PMID: 32869821 PMCID: PMC7531348 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Embolotherapy using particle embolics is normally performed with exogenous contrast to assist in visualization. However, the exact location of the embolics cannot be identified after contrast washout. We developed a novel, pseudo-check valve-integrated microfluidic device, that partitions barium- impregnated alginate from crosslinking solution, thereby preventing nozzle failure. This enables rapid and continuous generation of inherently X-ray-visible embolic microspheres (XEMs) with uniform size. The XEMs are visible under clinical X-ray and cone beam CT both in vitro and in vivo. In particular, we demonstrated the embolization properties of these XEMs in large animals, performing direct intra- and post-procedural assessment of embolic delivery. The persistent radiopacity of these XEMs enables real-time evaluation of embolization precision and offers great promise for non-invasive follow-up examination without exogenous contrast. We also demonstrated that bariatric arterial embolization with XEMs significantly suppresses weight gain in swine, as an example of a non-oncological application of embolotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus W Beh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N, Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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11
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Karina A, Benzina A, Tazhibayeva S, Fan H, Koole LH. Polymer microparticles with a cavity designed for transarterial chemo-embolization with crystalline drug formulations. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:401-409. [PMID: 32860336 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Transarterial chemo-embolization with drug-eluting embolic beads (DEB-TACE) is still evolving. Recent developments include the introduction of radiopaque (X-ray imageable) drug-eluting particles. Here, we report on conceptually different radiopaque polymeric drug-eluting embolic particles, which are (i), cross-linked poly(methacrylates); (ii), radiopaque; (iii), microporous. Furthermore, the particles are not perfectly spherical: they have a large indentation in the sense that they are either a spherical/cup-shaped or ellipsoid/mouth-shaped. The micropores and the large indentation can confer useful features upon the particles, since they can be filled with a crystalline lipophilic chemotherapeutic drug. It is important, in this respect that (i), many potent chemotherapeutics are lipophilic and crystalline; (ii), available drug-eluting beads (DEBs) have the limitation that they can only be used in combination with water-soluble chemotherapeutic agents. Cup- and mouth-shaped particles were obtained in a Cu(0) catalyzed free-radical polymerization reaction. The microparticles could be charged with crystalline drug, in such a manner that the crystals reside in both the micropores and the large cavity, and in quantities that would be required for effective local chemotherapy. The antifungal drug voriconazole, lipophilic, and crystalline, was used to demonstrate this. We believe that the ability of the microporous/cavitated DEBs to carry lipophilic chemotherapeutic drugs is especially important. DEB-TACE is likely to become a cornerstone method of interventional oncology in the years ahead, and the new embolic particles described herein hold the promise of becoming scope widening for the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigerim Karina
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Abderazak Benzina
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Samal Tazhibayeva
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Levinus H Koole
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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X-ray visible microspheres derived from highly branched biodegradable poly(lactic acid) terminated by triiodobenzoic acid: Preparation and degradation behavior. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Hu J, Albadawi H, Oklu R, Chong BW, Deipolyi AR, Sheth RA, Khademhosseini A. Advances in Biomaterials and Technologies for Vascular Embolization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901071. [PMID: 31168915 PMCID: PMC7014563 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Minimally invasive transcatheter embolization is a common nonsurgical procedure in interventional radiology used for the deliberate occlusion of blood vessels for the treatment of diseased or injured vasculature. A wide variety of embolic agents including metallic coils, calibrated microspheres, and liquids are available for clinical practice. Additionally, advances in biomaterials, such as shape-memory foams, biodegradable polymers, and in situ gelling solutions have led to the development of novel preclinical embolic agents. The aim here is to provide a comprehensive overview of current and emerging technologies in endovascular embolization with respect to devices, materials, mechanisms, and design guidelines. Limitations and challenges in embolic materials are also discussed to promote advancement in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Hu
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Minimally Invasive Therapeutics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA
| | - Hassan Albadawi
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Minimally Invasive Therapeutics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Minimally Invasive Therapeutics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA
| | - Brian W Chong
- Departments of Radiology and Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA
| | - Amy R. Deipolyi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Rahul A. Sheth
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiological Sciences, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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14
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Wang W, Wei Z, Sang L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Bian Y, Li Y. Development of X-ray opaque poly(lactic acid) end-capped by triiodobenzoic acid towards non-invasive micro-CT imaging biodegradable embolic microspheres. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Lewis AL, Willis SL, Dreher MR, Tang Y, Ashrafi K, Wood BJ, Levy EB, Sharma KV, Negussie AH, Mikhail AS. Bench-to-clinic development of imageable drug-eluting embolization beads: finding the balance. Future Oncol 2018; 14:2741-2760. [PMID: 29944007 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the historical development of an imageable spherical embolic agent and focuses on work performed in collaboration between Biocompatibles UK Ltd (a BTG International group company) and the NIH to demonstrate radiopaque bead utility and bring a commercial offering to market that meets a clinical need. Various chemistries have been investigated and multiple prototypes evaluated in search of an optimized product with the right balance of handling and imaging properties. Herein, we describe the steps taken in the development of DC Bead LUMI™, the first commercially available radiopaque drug-eluting bead, ultimately leading to the first human experience of this novel embolic agent in the treatment of liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Lewis
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, a BTG International Group Company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, Surrey, GU15 3YL, UK
| | - Sean L Willis
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, a BTG International Group Company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, Surrey, GU15 3YL, UK
| | - Matthew R Dreher
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, a BTG International Group Company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, Surrey, GU15 3YL, UK
| | - Yiqing Tang
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, a BTG International Group Company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, Surrey, GU15 3YL, UK
| | - Koorosh Ashrafi
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, a BTG International Group Company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, Surrey, GU15 3YL, UK
| | - Bradford J Wood
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology & Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging & Bioengineering, & National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elliot B Levy
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology & Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging & Bioengineering, & National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karun V Sharma
- Department of Radiology & Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Ayele H Negussie
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology & Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging & Bioengineering, & National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew S Mikhail
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology & Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging & Bioengineering, & National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Tian L, Lu L, Feng J, Melancon MP. Radiopaque nano and polymeric materials for atherosclerosis imaging, embolization and other catheterization procedures. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:360-370. [PMID: 29881675 PMCID: PMC5990339 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of radiopaque nano and polymeric materials for atherosclerosis imaging and catheterization procedures is presented in this paper. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the US with atherosclerosis as a significant contributor for mortality and morbidity. In this review paper, we discussed the physics of radiopacity and X-ray/CT, clinically used contrast agents, and the recent progress in the development of radiopaque imaging agents and devices for the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs. We focused on radiopaque imaging agents for atherosclerosis, radiopaque embolic agents and drug eluting beads, and other radiopaque medical devices related to catheterization procedures to treat CVDs. Common strategies of introducing radiopacity in the polymers, together with examples of their applications in imaging and medical devices, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linfeng Lu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Marites P Melancon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Du Q, Li L, Liu Y, Zeng J, Li J, Zheng C, Zhou G, Yang X. Fabrication of inherently radiopaque BaSO4@BaAlg microspheres by a one-step electrospraying method for embolization. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:3522-3530. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00542g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inherently radiopaque BaSO4@BaAlg microspheres were fabricated by a one-step electrospraying method for embolization and noninvasive examination after operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Du
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Radiology
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430022
| | - Jian Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Jianye Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Chuansheng Zheng
- Department of Radiology
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430022
| | - Guofeng Zhou
- Department of Radiology
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430022
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
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18
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Non-invasive monitoring of in vivo degradation of a radiopaque thermoreversible hydrogel and its efficacy in preventing post-operative adhesions. Acta Biomater 2017; 55:396-409. [PMID: 28363786 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In vivo behavior of hydrogel-based biomaterials is very important for rational design of hydrogels for various biomedical applications. Herein, we developed a facile method for in situ fabrication of radiopaque hydrogel. An iodinated functional diblock copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) and aliphatic polyester was first synthesized by coupling the hydroxyl end of the diblock copolymer with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIB) and then a radiopaque thermoreversible hydrogel was obtained by mixing it with the virgin diblock copolymer. A concentrated aqueous solution of the copolymer blend was injectable at room temperature and spontaneously turned into an in situ hydrogel at body temperature after injection. The introduction of TIB moieties affords the capacity of X-ray opacity, enabling in vivo visualization of the hydrogel using Micro-CT. A rat model with cecum and abdominal defects was utilized to evaluate the efficacy of the radiopaque hydrogel in the prevention of post-operative adhesions, and a significant reduction of the post-operative adhesion formation was confirmed. Meanwhile, the maintenance of the radiopaque hydrogel in the abdomen after administration was non-destructively detected via Micro-CT scanning. The reconstructed three-dimensional images showed that the radiopaque hydrogel with an irregular morphology was located on the injured abdominal wall. The time-dependent profile of the volume of the radiopaque hydrogel determined by Micro-CT imaging was well consistent with the trend obtained from the dissection observation. Therefore, the radiopaque thermoreversible hydrogel can serve as a potential visualized biomedical implant and this practical mixing approach is also useful for further extension into the in vivo monitoring of other biomaterials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE While a variety of biomaterials have been extensively studied, it is rare to monitor in vivo degradation and medical efficacy of a material after being implanted deeply into the body. Herein, the radiopaque thermoreversible hydrogel developed by us not only holds desirable performance on the prevention of post-operative abdominal adhesions, but also allows non-invasive monitoring of its in vivo degradation with CT imaging in a real-time, quantitative and three-dimensional manner. The methodology based on CT imaging provides important insights into the in vivo fate of the hydrogel after being deeply implanted into mammals for different biomedical applications and significantly reduces the amount of animals sacrificed.
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Luo SH, Song SL, Zheng CS, Li WY, Wang Y, Xia XW, Feng GS. Embolic effects of Bletilla striata microspheres in renal artery and transplanted VX2 liver tumor model in rabbits. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 25:431-438. [PMID: 28497394 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the characteristics of Bletilla striata microspheres (BSMs) and its effects as an embolic agent in a rabbit model. METHODS BSMs were prepared with an emulsification-cool condensation-chemical cross-linking method. The characteristics of BSMs in vitro were observed. Embolization experiments were performed in renal artery of rabbit and in a rabbit liver VX2 carcinoma model. Seventy-two New Zealand rabbits were divided into 2 groups, and the right renal artery was embolized with BSMs (200 μm in diameter) in the experimental group and with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) of the same size in the control group. The pathological findings were examined with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson stainings. Liver and renal functions were tested before and after embolization. VX2 tumor was transplanted in 15 New Zealand rabbits, which were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=5). Group A were treated with saline, group B with a mixture of doxorubicin and lipiodol, and group C with hepatic arterial infusion of BSMs (200 μm in diameter). Tumor growth rate was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging scan. Apoptosis-related factors (bax, bcl-2) and tumor vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated through immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The characteristics of BSMs in vitro were in full compliance with the requirements for use in interventional procedures. In the renal artery embolization experiment, after BSMs intervention, it was more difficult to form collateral circulation than that with PVAs, and the kidney manifested atrophy and calcification. There were no significant difference of liver and renal functions in rabbits between groups. In the liver VX2 carcinoma embolization experiment, compared with group A, the growth rate of VX2 liver tumor and Bcl-2 levels was reduced, while apoptosis index, Bax, and VEGF were increased in group B (P<0.05). There were no significant difference between groups B and C (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of BSMs in vitro and in vivo meet the requirements for its use as an embolic agent in interventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hua Luo
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Song-Lin Song
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chuan-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Wei-Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Xia
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Gan-Sheng Feng
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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Caine M, Carugo D, Zhang X, Hill M, Dreher MR, Lewis AL. Review of the Development of Methods for Characterization of Microspheres for Use in Embolotherapy: Translating Bench to Cathlab. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28218823 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic embolotherapy is the deliberate occlusion of a blood vessel within the body, which can be for the prevention of internal bleeding, stemming of flow through an arteriovenous malformation, or occlusion of blood vessels feeding a tumor. This is achieved using a wide selection of embolic devices such as balloons, coils, gels, glues, and particles. Particulate embolization is often favored for blocking smaller vessels, particularly within hypervascularized tumors, as they are available in calibrated sizes and can be delivered distally via microcatheters for precise occlusion with associated locoregional drug delivery. Embolic performance has been traditionally evaluated using animal models, but with increasing interest in the 3R's (replacement, reduction, refinement), manufacturers, regulators, and clinicians have shown interest in the development of more sophisticated in vitro methods for evaluation and prediction of in vivo performance. Herein the current progress in developing bespoke techniques incorporating physical handling, fluid dynamics, occlusive behavior, and sustained drug elution kinetics within vascular systems is reviewed. While it is necessary to continue to validate the safety of such devices in vivo, great strides have been made in the development of bench tests that better predict the behavior of these products aligned with the principles of the 3R's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Caine
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment; University of Southampton; University Road Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd., Lakeview; Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park Camberley GU15 3YL UK
| | - Dario Carugo
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment; University of Southampton; University Road Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Xunli Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment; University of Southampton; University Road Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Martyn Hill
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment; University of Southampton; University Road Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Matthew R. Dreher
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd., Lakeview; Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park Camberley GU15 3YL UK
| | - Andrew L. Lewis
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd., Lakeview; Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park Camberley GU15 3YL UK
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21
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Sang L, Luo D, Wei Z, Qi M. X-ray visible and doxorubicin-loaded beads based on inherently radiopaque poly(lactic acid)-polyurethane for chemoembolization therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:1389-1398. [PMID: 28415430 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of current study was to develop drug-loaded polymeric beads with intrinsic X-ray visibility as embolic agents, targeting for noninvasive intraoperative location and postoperative examination during chemoembolization therapy. To endow polymer with inherent radiopacity, 4,4'-isopropylidinedi-(2,6-diiodophenol) (IBPA) was firstly synthesized and employed as a contrast agent, and then a set of radiopaque iodinated poly(lactic acid)-polyurethanes (I-PLAUs) via chain extender method were synthesized and characterized. These I-PLAU copolymers possessed sufficient radiopacity, in vitro non-cytotoxicity with human adipose-derived stem cells, and in vivo biocompatibility and degradability in rabbit model via intramuscular implantation. Doxorubicin (DOX), as a chemotherapeutic agent, was further incorporated into I-PLAU beads via a double emulsification (W/O/W) method. For drug release, two ratios of DOX-loaded I-PLAU beads exhibited calibrated size (200-550μm), porous internal structure, good X-ray visibility, evenly drug loading as well as tunable drug release. A preliminary test on in vitro tumor cell toxicity demonstrated that the DOX-loaded I-PLAU beads performed efficient anti-tumor effect. This study highlights novel X-ray visible drug-loaded I-PLAU beads used as promising embolic agents for non-invasive in situ X-ray tracking and efficient chemotherapy, which could bring opportunities to the next generation of multifunctional embolic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sang
- School of Automotive Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Dongdong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Min Qi
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Jivan F, Yegappan R, Pearce H, Carrow JK, McShane M, Gaharwar AK, Alge DL. Sequential Thiol–Ene and Tetrazine Click Reactions for the Polymerization and Functionalization of Hydrogel Microparticles. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3516-3523. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Jivan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ramanathan Yegappan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hannah Pearce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - James K. Carrow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael McShane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Daniel L. Alge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Kiran S, Sunny MC, Joseph R. Inherently X-ray opaque polyurethane microspheres for biomedical applications. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1201764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kiran
- Division of Polymeric Medical Devices, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
| | - M. C. Sunny
- Division of Polymeric Medical Devices, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
| | - Roy Joseph
- Division of Polymeric Medical Devices, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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Sharma KV, Bascal Z, Kilpatrick H, Ashrafi K, Willis SL, Dreher MR, Lewis AL. Long-term biocompatibility, imaging appearance and tissue effects associated with delivery of a novel radiopaque embolization bead for image-guided therapy. Biomaterials 2016; 103:293-304. [PMID: 27419364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to undertake a comprehensive long-term biocompatibility and imaging assessment of a new intrinsically radiopaque bead (LC Bead LUMI™) for use in transarterial embolization. The sterilized device and its extracts were subjected to the raft of ISO10993 biocompatibility tests that demonstrated safety with respect to cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, blood contact, irritation, sensitization, systemic toxicity and tissue reaction. Intra-arterial administration was performed in a swine model of hepatic arterial embolization in which 0.22-1 mL of sedimented bead volume was administered to the targeted lobe(s) of the liver. The beads could be visualized during the embolization procedure with fluoroscopy, DSA and single X-ray snapshot imaging modalities. CT imaging was performed before and 1 h after embolization and then again at 7, 14, 30 and 90 days. LC Bead LUMI™ could be clearly visualized in the hepatic arteries with or without administration of IV contrast and appeared more dense than soluble contrast agent. The CT density of the beads did not deteriorate during the 90 day evaluation period. The beads embolized predictably and effectively, resulting in areas devoid of contrast enhancement on CT imaging suggesting ischaemia-induced necrosis nearby the sites of occlusion. Instances of off target embolization were easily detected on imaging and confirmed pathologically. Histopathology revealed a classic foreign body response at 14 days, which resolved over time leading to fibrosis and eventual integration of the beads into the tissue, demonstrating excellent long-term tissue compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karun V Sharma
- Children's Hospital, Children's National Medical Center, 1630 Euclid Street NW#1, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zainab Bascal
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, A BTG International group company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, Surrey GU15 3YL, UK
| | - Hugh Kilpatrick
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, A BTG International group company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, Surrey GU15 3YL, UK
| | - Koorosh Ashrafi
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, A BTG International group company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, Surrey GU15 3YL, UK
| | - Sean L Willis
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, A BTG International group company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, Surrey GU15 3YL, UK
| | - Matthew R Dreher
- Biocompatibles Inc., A BTG International group company, Five Tower Bridge, Suite 810, 300 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, USA
| | - Andrew L Lewis
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, A BTG International group company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, Surrey GU15 3YL, UK.
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25
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Shiralizadeh S, Nasr-Isfahani H, Keivanloo A, Bakherad M. Mono- and triiodophenyl isocyanate as radiopacifying agents for methacrylate-based copolymers; biocompatibility and non-toxicity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17860j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New radiopaque acrylic copolymers were prepared via the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Shiralizadeh
- School of Chemistry
- Shahrood University of Technology
- Shahrood 3619995161
- Iran
| | | | - Ali Keivanloo
- School of Chemistry
- Shahrood University of Technology
- Shahrood 3619995161
- Iran
| | - Mohammad Bakherad
- School of Chemistry
- Shahrood University of Technology
- Shahrood 3619995161
- Iran
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26
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Duran R, Sharma K, Dreher MR, Ashrafi K, Mirpour S, Lin M, Schernthaner RE, Schlachter TR, Tacher V, Lewis AL, Willis S, Hartog MD, Radaelli A, Negussie AH, Wood BJ, Geschwind JFH. A Novel Inherently Radiopaque Bead for Transarterial Embolization to Treat Liver Cancer - A Pre-clinical Study. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:28-39. [PMID: 26722371 PMCID: PMC4679352 DOI: 10.7150/thno.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Embolotherapy using microshperes is currently performed with soluble contrast to aid in visualization. However, administered payload visibility dimishes soon after delivery due to soluble contrast washout, leaving the radiolucent bead's location unknown. The objective of our study was to characterize inherently radiopaque beads (RO Beads) in terms of physicomechanical properties, deliverability and imaging visibility in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model. Materials and Methods: RO Beads, which are based on LC Bead® platform, were compared to LC Bead. Bead size (light microscopy), equilibrium water content (EWC), density, X-ray attenuation and iodine distribution (micro-CT), suspension (settling times), deliverability and in vitro penetration were investigated. Fifteen rabbits were embolized with either LC Bead or RO Beads + soluble contrast (iodixanol-320), or RO Beads+dextrose. Appearance was evaluated with fluoroscopy, X-ray single shot, cone-beam CT (CBCT). Results: Both bead types had a similar size distribution. RO Beads had lower EWC (60-72%) and higher density (1.21-1.36 g/cc) with a homogeneous iodine distribution within the bead's interior. RO Beads suspension time was shorter than LC Bead, with durable suspension (>5 min) in 100% iodixanol. RO Beads ≤300 µm were deliverable through a 2.3-Fr microcatheter. Both bead types showed similar penetration. Soluble contrast could identify target and non-target embolization on fluoroscopy during administration. However, the imaging appearance vanished quickly for LC Bead as contrast washed-out. RO Beads+contrast significantly increased visibility on X-ray single shot compared to LC Bead+contrast in target and non-target arteries (P=0.0043). Similarly, RO beads demonstrated better visibility on CBCT in target arteries (P=0.0238) with a trend in non-target arteries (P=0.0519). RO Beads+dextrose were not sufficiently visible to monitor embolization using fluoroscopy. Conclusion: RO Beads provide better conspicuity to determine target and non-target embolization compared to LC Bead which may improve intra-procedural monitoring and post-procedural evaluation of transarterial embolization.
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27
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Meng WJ, Lu XJ, Wang H, Fan TY, Cui DC, Zhang SS, Zheng ZZ, Guan HT, Song L, Zou YH. Preparation and evaluation of biocompatible long-term radiopaque microspheres based on polyvinyl alcohol and lipiodol for embolization. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:133-46. [PMID: 25766037 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215575622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop long-term radiopaque microspheres (LRMs) by entrapping lipiodol in biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol with multiple emulsions chemical crosslinking method. The high content of lipiodol (0.366 g/mL) was hardly released from LRMs in vitro and the radiopacity could maintain at least 3 months after subcutaneous injection in mice without weakening. A series of tests was performed to evaluate the feasibility of LRMs for embolization. LRMs were proved to be smooth, spherical, and well dispersed with diameter range of 100–1200 μm. Young's modulus of LRMs was 55.39 ± 9.10 kPa and LRMs could be easily delivered through catheter without aggregating or clogging. No toxicity of LRMs was found to mouse L929 fibroblasts cells and only moderate inflammatory in surrounding tissue of mice was found after subcutaneous injection of LRMs. After LRMs were embolized in renal artery of a rabbit, the distribution and radiopacity of LRMs in vivo were easily detectable by X-ray fluoroscopy and computed tomography (CT) imaging, respectively. More accurate distribution of LRMs in embolized kidney and vessels could be detected by high-revolution visualization of micro-CT ex vivo. In conclusion, the LRMs were proved to be biocompatible and provide long-term radiopacity with good physical and mechanical properties for embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Meng
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dai-Chao Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shui-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo-Zhao Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Tao Guan
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Hua Zou
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wang Q, Qian K, Liu S, Yang Y, Liang B, Zheng C, Yang X, Xu H, Shen AQ. X-ray Visible and Uniform Alginate Microspheres Loaded with in Situ Synthesized BaSO4 Nanoparticles for in Vivo Transcatheter Arterial Embolization. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1240-6. [PMID: 25728288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun Qian
- Department
of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | | | | | - Bin Liang
- Department
of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chuansheng Zheng
- Department
of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | | | | | - Amy Q. Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics
Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University,
Japan, Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, United States
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29
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Ghosh P, Das M, Rameshbabu AP, Das D, Datta S, Pal S, Panda AB, Dhara S. Chitosan derivatives cross-linked with iodinated 2,5-dimethoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran for non-invasive imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:17926-17936. [PMID: 25265599 DOI: 10.1021/am504655v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiopaque polymer derivatives were successfully prepared through surface diffusion mediated cross-linking of chitosan with iodinated 2,5-dimethoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran. The incorporation of iodine in 2,5-dimethoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran was validated by (1)H NMR and mass spectroscopy. The cross-linking of the glucosamine moieties of chitosan with the iodinated product was confirmed by (13)C NMR and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Radiography analysis proved inherent opacity of the iodinated fibrous sheets and microspheres that were comparable to the X-ray visibility of aluminum hollow rings of equivalent thickness and commercially available radiopaque tape, respectively. Microscopic studies evidenced retention of the fiber/microsphere morphology after the iodination/cross-linking reactions. The effects of iodination/cross-linking on the mechanical and biodegradation properties of fibers were studied by nanoindentation and enzymatic assay, respectively. In vitro and in vivo studies established the nontoxic, biodegradable nature of radiopaque derivatives. Iodinated fiber mesh implanted in a rabbit model was significantly X-ray opaque compared to the uncross-linked fiber mesh and medical grade surgical swabs. Further, opacity of the iodinated mesh was evident even after 60 days, though the intensity was reduced, which indicates the biodegradable nature of the iodinated polymer. The opacity of the iodinated sutures was also established in the computed tomography images. Finally, the sufficient in vivo contrast property of the radiopaque microspheres in the gastrointestinal tract indicates its possible role in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulomi Ghosh
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, India
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30
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Ma Y, Wan J, Qian K, Geng S, He N, Zhou G, Zhao Y, Yang X. The studies on highly concentrated complex dispersions of gold nanoparticles and temperature-sensitive nanogels and their application as new blood-vessel-embolic materials with high-resolution angiography. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6044-6053. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00748d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High colloid stability of highly concentrated Au nanoparticles (GNPs) for use in blood-pool imaging was achieved, using p(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methylacrylate) nanogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jiangshan Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- Interventional Radiology Department of Wuhan Union Hospital
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shinan Geng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Nijun He
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Zhou
- Interventional Radiology Department of Wuhan Union Hospital
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan, P. R. China
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31
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Wang Q, Zhang D, Xu H, Yang X, Shen AQ, Yang Y. Microfluidic one-step fabrication of radiopaque alginate microgels with in situ synthesized barium sulfate nanoparticles. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:4781-4786. [PMID: 22992786 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40740j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a new strategy to fabricate monodispersed radiopaque alginate (Ba-alginate) microgels by a one-step microfluidic method. Alginate droplets containing sulfate ions are first formed by a flow focusing microfluidic setup. These alginate droplets are subsequently solidified by barium ions in a collection bath. During the solidification process, excessive barium ions in the collection bath also react with sulfate ions in the alginate droplet, resulting in barium sulfate (BaSO(4)) nanoparticles in situ synthesized (acting as radiopaque imaging agents) within the Ba-alginate microgels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) illustrate that 800 nm BaSO(4) nanoparticles are uniformly distributed inside the 30 μm Ba-alginate microgels, with 62 wt% of elemental barium (Ba). In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicate that the BaSO(4) nanoparticles consist of 10 nm in situ synthesized BaSO(4) crystallites. The alginate microgels act as a soft and porous template to prevent the precipitation and aggregation of BaSO(4) nanoparticles. The Ba-alginate microgels are also visible under X-ray radiation. The facile route to fabricate alginate microgels as radiopaque embolic materials is of particular importance for endovascular embolization and localized diagnostic imaging applications. Similar approaches can also be adopted for synthesizing other inorganic nanoparticles in microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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32
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Stampfl U, Sommer CM, Bellemann N, Holzschuh M, Kueller A, Bluemmel J, Gehrig T, Shevchenko M, Kenngott H, Kauczor HU, Radeleff B. Multimodal visibility of a modified polyzene-F-coated spherical embolic agent for liver embolization: feasibility study in a porcine model. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012; 23:1225-31.e2. [PMID: 22832143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate multimodal visibility of modified currently available microspheres on radiography, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and computed tomography (CT) in a porcine liver model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Livers of four pigs were embolized with two sizes (100 μm ± 25 and 700 μm ± 50) of modified Embozene Microspheres embedded with different densities of barium sulfate and iodine as radiopaque materials (intensity groups A-C, with increasing intensity from A to C for 100 μm and intensities A and C for 700 μm) and iron oxide as magnetic substance for MR imaging visibility. Pigs embolized with currently available Embozene Microspheres served as control groups. Pre- and postinterventional MR imaging (T1- and T2-weighted) and CT were performed. Qualitative and quantitative (ie, determination of signal-to-noise ratio [SNR]) particle visibility was evaluated on radiography, MR imaging, and CT. RESULTS Modified particles of both sizes were visible on radiography, MR imaging, and CT. Particles in the control group were not visible. For modified particles of both sizes, SNRs measured on MR imaging decreased significantly after embolization (eg, cluster analysis of group A, 100 μm ± 50 particles, T1-weighted, -74.6% ± 3.4; P = .03). For modified particles of both sizes, SNR measured on CT increased significantly after embolization (eg, cluster analysis of group A, 700 μm ± 25 particles, +54.3% ± 13.5; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Modification of currently available Embozene Microspheres was successful, with multimodal visibility on radiography, MR imaging, and CT in porcine liver. In the future, this might improve procedure accuracy and allow monitoring, control, and improvement of embolotherapy during and after the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Stampfl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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33
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Kiran S, James NR, Jayakrishnan A, Joseph R. Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers with inherent radiopacity for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:3472-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kiran
- Polymer Processing Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Satelmond Palace Campus, Trivandrum 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - Nirmala R. James
- Indian Institute of Space Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695 022, Kerala, India
| | - A. Jayakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Roy Joseph
- Polymer Processing Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Satelmond Palace Campus, Trivandrum 695 012, Kerala, India
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34
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Jiang H, Yuan H, Liang Y, Xia S, Zhao Q, Wu Q, Zhang L, Liang Z, Zhang Y. A hydrophilic immobilized trypsin reactor with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone modified polymer microparticles as matrix for highly efficient protein digestion with low peptide residue. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1246:111-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Dawlee S, Jayabalan M. Studies on inherently radiopaque acrylate copolymers for biomedical applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Dawlee S, Jayabalan M. Iodinated glycidyl methacrylate copolymer as a radiopaque material for biomedical applications. J Biomater Appl 2012; 28:28-37. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328211434090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric biomaterial was synthesized by copolymerizing 50:50 mol% of monomers, glycidyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate. Iodine atoms were then grafted to the epoxide groups of glycidyl methacrylate units, rendering the copolymer radiopaque. The percentage weight of iodine in the present copolymer was found to be as high as 23%. The iodinated copolymer showed higher glass transition temperature and thermal stability in comparison with unmodified polymer. Radiographic analysis showed that the copolymer possessed excellent radiopacity. The iodinated copolymer was cytocompatible to L929 mouse fibroblast cells. The in vivo toxicological evaluation by intracutaneous reactivity test of the copolymer extracts has revealed that the material was nontoxic. Subcutaneous implantation of iodinated copolymer in rats has shown that the material was well tolerated. Upon explantation and histological examination, no hemorrhage, infection or necrosis was observed. The samples were found to be surrounded by a vascularized capsule consisting of connective tissue cells. The results indicate that the iodinated copolymer is biocompatible and may have suitable applications as implantable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dawlee
- Polymer Science Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - M Jayabalan
- Polymer Science Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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37
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Hagit A, Soenke B, Johannes B, Shlomo M. Synthesis and characterization of dual modality (CT/MRI) core-shell microparticles for embolization purposes. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1600-7. [PMID: 20443579 DOI: 10.1021/bm100251s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Core P(MAOETIB-GMA) microparticles of 40-200 microm were prepared by suspension copolymerization of the iodinated monomer 2-methacryloyloxyethyl (2,3,5-triiodobenzoate), MAOETIB, with a low concentration of the monomer glycidyl methacrylate, GMA, which formed hydrophilic surfaces on the particles. Magnetic gamma-Fe(2)O(3)/P(MAOETIB-GMA) core-shell microparticles were prepared by coating the aforementioned core particles through nucleation of iron oxide nanoparticles on the surfaces of the P(MAOETIB-GMA) particles. This was followed by stepwise growth of thin iron oxide layers. The radiopacity and magnetism of these particles were demonstrated in vitro by CT and MRI. In vivo embolization capabilities of these first multimodal visible embolization particles were demonstrated in a rat's kidney tumor embolization model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Hagit
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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38
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Saralidze K, Knetsch MLW, van der Marel C, Koole LH. Versatile Polymer Microspheres for Injection Therapy: Aspects of Fluoroscopic Traceability and Biofunctionalization. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:3556-62. [DOI: 10.1021/bm1010273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ketie Saralidze
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/Biomaterials Sciences, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands, and Department of Surface and Thin Film Analysis, Mi Plaza Materials Analysis, Philips Research, High Tech Campus 4, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Menno L. W. Knetsch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/Biomaterials Sciences, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands, and Department of Surface and Thin Film Analysis, Mi Plaza Materials Analysis, Philips Research, High Tech Campus 4, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cees van der Marel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/Biomaterials Sciences, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands, and Department of Surface and Thin Film Analysis, Mi Plaza Materials Analysis, Philips Research, High Tech Campus 4, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Leo H. Koole
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/Biomaterials Sciences, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands, and Department of Surface and Thin Film Analysis, Mi Plaza Materials Analysis, Philips Research, High Tech Campus 4, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Synthetic polymeric microspheres find application in a wide range of medical applications. Among other applications, microspheres are being used as bulking agents, embolic- or drug-delivery particles. The exact composition of the spheres varies with the application and therefore a large array of materials has been used to produce microspheres. In this review, the relation between microsphere synthesis and application is discussed for a number of microspheres that are used for different treatment strategies.
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40
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Abstract
Last years, calibrated microspheres have proven their superiority in targeting embolization over non spherical particles in many applications. For the very near future they represent the best tool for controlling drug delivery in chemoembolization, under the two conditions that they would be image detectable and that the "dosimetry" would be tailored to pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Laurent
- Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Paris, France.
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