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Frydrych-Tomczak E, Ratajczak T, Kościński Ł, Ranecka A, Michalak N, Luciński T, Maciejewski H, Jurga S, Lewandowski M, Chmielewski MK. Structure and Oligonucleotide Binding Efficiency of Differently Prepared Click Chemistry-Type DNA Microarray Slides Based on 3-Azidopropyltrimethoxysilane. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2855. [PMID: 34073476 PMCID: PMC8199275 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The structural characterization of glass slides surface-modified with 3-azidopropyltrimethoxysilane and used for anchoring nucleic acids, resulting in the so-called DNA microarrays, is presented. Depending on the silanization conditions, the slides were found to show different oligonucleotide binding efficiency, thus, an attempt was made to correlate this efficiency with the structural characteristics of the silane layers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray reflectometry (XRR) measurements provided information on the surface topography, chemical composition and thickness of the silane films, respectively. The surface for which the best oligonucleotides binding efficiency is observed, has been found to consist of a densely-packed silane layer, decorated with a high-number of additional clusters that are believed to host exposed azide groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Frydrych-Tomczak
- Poznań Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, Rubież 46, 61-612 Poznań, Poland; (E.F.-T.); (H.M.)
| | - Tomasz Ratajczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Kościński
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland; (Ł.K.); (A.R.); (N.M.); (T.L.)
| | - Agnieszka Ranecka
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland; (Ł.K.); (A.R.); (N.M.); (T.L.)
| | - Natalia Michalak
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland; (Ł.K.); (A.R.); (N.M.); (T.L.)
| | - Tadeusz Luciński
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland; (Ł.K.); (A.R.); (N.M.); (T.L.)
| | - Hieronim Maciejewski
- Poznań Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, Rubież 46, 61-612 Poznań, Poland; (E.F.-T.); (H.M.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Mikołaj Lewandowski
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland; (Ł.K.); (A.R.); (N.M.); (T.L.)
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marcin K. Chmielewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland;
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A Cu-free clickable surface with controllable surface density. Colloid Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-019-04515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Leophairatana P, Samanta S, De Silva CC, Koberstein JT. Preventing Alkyne–Alkyne (i.e., Glaser) Coupling Associated with the ATRP Synthesis of Alkyne-Functional Polymers/Macromonomers and for Alkynes under Click (i.e., CuAAC) Reaction Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3756-3766. [PMID: 28218001 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Porakrit Leophairatana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New
York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sanjoy Samanta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New
York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Chathuranga C. De Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New
York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Koberstein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New
York, New York 10027, United States
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Ratajczak T, Uszczyńska B, Frydrych-Tomczak E, Chmielewski MK. The "Clickable" Method for Oligonucleotide Immobilization Onto Azide-Functionalized Microarrays. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1368:25-36. [PMID: 26614066 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3136-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The DNA microarray technique was supposed to help identifying and analyzing the expression level of tens of thousands of genes in the whole genome. But there is a serious problem concerning fabrication of the microarrays by chemical synthesis, such as specific and efficient linking of probes to a solid support. Therefore, we reckon that applying "click" chemistry to covalently anchor oligonucleotides on chemically modified supports may help construct microarrays in applications such as gene identification. Silanization of the glass support with organofunctional silane makes it possible to link azide groups on glass surface and the nucleic acid probe that is equipped with a pentynyl group. This is followed by direct spotting of the nucleic acid on the azide-modified glass support in the presence of copper ions, and this is a frequently applied method of "click" chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Ratajczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Uszczyńska
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CGR), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilia Frydrych-Tomczak
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, Rubiez 46, 61-612, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin K Chmielewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland.
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Zhang S, Maidenberg Y, Luo K, Koberstein JT. Adjusting the surface areal density of click-reactive azide groups by kinetic control of the azide substitution reaction on bromine-functional SAMs. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:6071-6078. [PMID: 24807699 DOI: 10.1021/la501233w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Azide-alkyne click chemistry has emerged as an important and versatile means for tethering a wide variety of guest molecules to virtually any substrate. In many of these applications, it is important to exercise control over the areal density of surface functional groups to achieve a desired areal density of the tethered guest molecule of interest. We demonstrate herein that the areal density of surface azide groups on flat germanium surfaces and nanoparticle substrates (silica and iron oxide) can be controlled kinetically by appropriately timed quenching of the S(N)2 substitution reaction of bromo-alkane-silane monolayers induced by the addition of sodium azide. The kinetics of the azide substitution reaction on monolayers formed on flat Ge substrates, determined by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), are found to be identical to those for monolayers formed on both silica and iron oxide nanoparticles, the latter determined by transmission infrared spectroscopy. To validate the method, the percentages of surface bromine groups converted to azide groups after various reaction times were measured by quenching the S(N)2 reaction followed by analysis with ATR-IR (for Ge) and thermogravimetric analysis (after a subsequent click reaction with an alkyne-terminal polymer) for the nanoparticle substrates. The conversions found after quenching agree well with those expected from the standard kinetic curves. The latter result suggests that the kinetic method for the control of azide group areal density is a versatile means for functionalizing substrates with a prescribed areal density of azide groups for subsequent click reactions, and that the method is universal for any substrate, flat or nanoparticle, that can be modified with bromo-alkane-silane monolayers. Regardless of the surface geometry, we find that the azide substitution reaction is complete within 2-3 h, in sharp contrast to previous reports that indicate times of 48-60 h required for completion of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
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Such GK, Johnston AP, Liang K, Caruso F. Synthesis and functionalization of nanoengineered materials using click chemistry. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Galvin CJ, Genzer J. Applications of surface-grafted macromolecules derived from post-polymerization modification reactions. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Rengifo HR, Grigoras C, Dach BI, Li X, Turro NJ, Lee HJ, Wu WL, Koberstein JT. Solid Phase Synthesis of Polymacromer and Copolymacromer Brushes. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3004168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hae-Jeong Lee
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Wen-Li Wu
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
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Uszczyńska B, Ratajczak T, Frydrych E, Maciejewski H, Figlerowicz M, Markiewicz WT, Chmielewski MK. Application of click chemistry to the production of DNA microarrays. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:1151-1156. [PMID: 22318451 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc21096g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction was applied as the novel method of DNA immobilization on a modified solid support. The CuAAC click reaction enables the covalent binding of DNA modified with pentynyl groups at its 5'-end to azide-loaded slides. Click microarrays were produced using this approach and successfully employed in biological/model experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Uszczyńska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Yilmaz G, Toiserkani H, Demirkol DO, Sakarya S, Timur S, Torun L, Yagci Y. Polysulfone based amphiphilic graft copolymers by click chemistry as bioinert membranes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Soto-Cantu E, Lokitz BS, Hinestrosa JP, Deodhar C, Messman JM, Ankner JF, Kilbey SM. Versatility of alkyne-modified poly(glycidyl methacrylate) layers for click reactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:5986-5996. [PMID: 21506527 DOI: 10.1021/la2000798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Functional soft interfaces are of interest for a variety of technologies. We describe three methods for preparing substrates with alkyne groups, which show versatility for "click" chemistry reactions. Two of the methods have the same root: formation of thin, covalently attached, reactive interfacial layers of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) via spin coating onto silicon wafers followed by reactive modification with either propargylamine or 5-hexynoic acid. The amine or the carboxylic acid moieties react with the epoxy groups of PGMA, creating interfacial polymer layers decorated with alkyne groups. The third method consists of using copolymers comprising glycidyl methacrylate and propargyl methacrylate (pGP). The pGP copolymers are spin coated and covalently attached on silicon wafers. For each method, we investigate the factors that control film thickness and content of alkyne groups using ellipsometry, and study the nanophase structure of the films using neutron reflectometry. Azide-terminated polymers of methacrylic acid and 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization were attached to the alkyne-modified substrates using "click" chemistry, and grafting densities in the range of 0.007-0.95 chains nm(-2) were attained. The maximum density of alkyne groups attained by functionalization of PGMA with propargylamine or 5-hexynoic acid was approximately 2 alkynes nm(-3). The alkyne content obtained by the three decorating approaches was sufficiently high that it was not the limiting factor for the click reaction of azide-capped polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Soto-Cantu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Ham HO, Liu Z, Lau KHA, Lee H, Messersmith PB. Facile DNA immobilization on surfaces through a catecholamine polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:732-6. [PMID: 21226165 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ok Ham
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Ham HO, Liu Z, Lau KHA, Lee H, Messersmith PB. Facile DNA Immobilization on Surfaces through a Catecholamine Polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ustinov AV, Stepanova IA, Dubnyakova VV, Zatsepin TS, Nozhevnikova EV, Korshun VA. Modification of nucleic acids using [3 + 2]-dipolar cycloaddition of azides and alkynes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2010; 36:437-81. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162010040011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chen Y, Lu HS, Wang P. Surface functionalization of polystyrene to bind with FMRF peptides for novel biocompatibility. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-010-9168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Durmaz YY, Sangermano M, Yagci Y. Surface modification of UV-cured epoxy resins by click chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ates S, Durmaz YY, Torun L, Yagci Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene Possessing Triptycene Units in the Main Chain by Combination of ATRP and Click Chemistry Processes. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2010.492193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen RT, Muir BW, Such GK, Postma A, Evans RA, Pereira SM, McLean KM, Caruso F. Surface "click" chemistry on brominated plasma polymer thin films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:3388-3393. [PMID: 19902911 DOI: 10.1021/la9031688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A brominated plasma polymer (BrPP) thin film was fabricated on a variety of substrate surfaces (silicon wafers, glass, gold, and polymers) via the radio frequency glow discharge of 1-bromopropane. This BrPP thin film was highly adherent and stable and was found to be a useful platform for secondary reactions, leading to surfaces with specific chemical functionalities. Following nucleophilic exchange, an azide-functionalized PP thin film was prepared that was reactive toward two different alkynes via the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, a paradigm of "click" chemistry. "Click" microcontact printing (microCP) of a fluorescent alkyne was also successfully carried out, demonstrating the versatility and functionality of this new class of reactive thin film plasma polymer coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney T Chen
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Abstract
The advent of click chemistry has led to an influx of new ideas in the nucleic acids field. The copper catalysed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction is the method of choice for DNA click chemistry due to its remarkable efficiency. It has been used to label oligonucleotides with fluorescent dyes, sugars, peptides and other reporter groups, to cyclise DNA, to synthesise DNA catenanes, to join oligonucleotides to PNA, and to produce analogues of DNA with modified nucleobases and backbones. In this critical review we describe some of the pioneering work that has been carried out in this area (78 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf H El-Sagheer
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK SO17 1BJ
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Abstract
Silicon and its oxides are widely used in biomaterials research, tissue engineering and drug delivery. These materials are highly biocompatible, easily surface functionalized, degrade into nontoxic silicic acid and can be processed into various forms such as micro- and nano-particles, monoliths, membranes and micromachined structures. The large surface area of porous forms of silicon and silica (up to 1200 m2/g) permits high drug loadings. The degradation kinetics of silicon- and silica-based materials can be tailored by coating or grafting with polymers. Incorporation of polymers also improves control over drug-release kinetics. The use of stimuli-responsive polymers has enabled environmental stimuli-triggered drug release. Simultaneously, silicon microfabrication techniques have facilitated the development of sophisticated implantable drug-delivery microdevices. This paper reviews the synthesis, novel properties and biomedical applications of silicon–polymer hybrid materials with particular emphasis on drug delivery. The biocompatible and bioresorptive properties of mesoporous silica and porous silicon make these materials attractive candidates for use in biomedical applications. The combination of polymers with silicon-based materials has generated a large range of novel hybrid materials tailored to applications in localized and systemic drug delivery.
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DNA/polyvinyl alcohol interpenetrating polymer network as stationary phase for thin layer chromatography. Anal Biochem 2009; 393:67-72. [PMID: 19539598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural DNA was introduced to thin layer chromatography (TLC) with an aim to separate chemicals like DNA-affinity compounds and enantiomers. By cross-linking polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with glutaraldehyde (GA) and subsequent cross-linking DNA with a UV irradiation, a DNA/PVA interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) is formed and was used to coat the surface of the porous silica particles of the TLC. Three typical DNA-binding compounds and eight amino acid enantiomers were used as model chemicals to investigate the chromatographic behavior of the modified TLC, and high separation efficiency was observed in both classes of the chemicals. On the practical side, the DNA-modified TLC have high prospects in diverse applications, including efficacy evaluation of a medicine, toxicity assessment of a pollutant at the molecular level, as well as separation of enantiomers such as dyes, amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, and drugs.
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