1
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Li X, Li G, Pan Q, Xue F, Wang Z, Peng C. Rapid and ultra-sensitive lateral flow assay for pathogens based on multivalent aptamer and magnetic nanozyme. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 250:116044. [PMID: 38271888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Ultra-sensitive LFA methods for pathogen detection commonly depended on tedious and time-consuming nucleic acid amplification. Here, a high affinity multivalent aptamer (multi-Apt) for S. aureus was obtained through exquisite engineering design. The scaffold and conformation of the multi-Apt were found to be key factors in the detection signal of aptsensors. After optimization, the binding affinity of the multi-Apt to S. aureus was improved by more than 8-fold from 135.9 nM to 16.77 nM. By the joint use of the multi-Apt and a multifunctional nanozyme Fe3O4@MOF@PtPd, a fast and ultra-sensitive LFA for S. aureus was developed (termed MA-MN LFA). In this method, a Fe3O4@MOF@PtPd nanozyme was modified with vancomycin and could efficiently capture and separate S. aureus. Moreover, the multi-Apt worked together with the nanozyme to bind with S. aureus to form a ternary complex at the same time, which simply the fabrication of LFA strip. The developed MA-MN LFA could detect S. aureus as low as 2 CFU/mL within 30 min and a wide linear range of 10-1 × 108 CFU/mL was obtained. The detection is easily operated, fast (can be completed within 30 min) and versatile for Gram-positive pathogens, thus has great potential as a powerful tool in pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Guowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Qiuli Pan
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Feng Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Chifang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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2
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Rahimi M, Taghdir M, Abasi Joozdani F. Dynamozones are the most obvious sign of the evolution of conformational dynamics in HIV-1 protease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14179. [PMID: 37648682 PMCID: PMC10469195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins are not static but are flexible molecules that can adopt many different conformations. The HIV-1 protease is an important target for the development of therapies to treat AIDS, due to its critical role in the viral life cycle. We investigated several dynamics studies on the HIV-1 protease families to illustrate the significance of examining the dynamic behaviors and molecular motions for an entire understanding of their dynamics-structure-function relationships. Using computer simulations and principal component analysis approaches, the dynamics data obtained revealed that: (i) The flap regions are the most obvious sign of the evolution of conformational dynamics in HIV-1 protease; (ii) There are dynamic structural regions in some proteins that contribute to the biological function and allostery of proteins via appropriate flexibility. These regions are a clear sign of the evolution of conformational dynamics of proteins, which we call dynamozones. The flap regions are one of the most important dynamozones members that are critical for HIV-1 protease function. Due to the existence of other members of dynamozones in different proteins, we propose to consider dynamozones as a footprint of the evolution of the conformational dynamics of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahimi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115_111, Iran
| | - Majid Taghdir
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115_111, Iran.
| | - Farzane Abasi Joozdani
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115_111, Iran
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3
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Quintana JI, Atxabal U, Unione L, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J. Exploring multivalent carbohydrate-protein interactions by NMR. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1591-1613. [PMID: 36753338 PMCID: PMC9987413 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00983h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has been widely employed to assess diverse features of glycan-protein molecular recognition events. Different types of qualitative and quantitative information at different degrees of resolution and complexity can be extracted from the proper application of the available NMR-techniques. In fact, affinity, structural, kinetic, conformational, and dynamic characteristics of the binding process are available. Nevertheless, except in particular cases, the affinity of lectin-sugar interactions is weak, mostly at the low mM range. This feature is overcome in biological processes by using multivalency, thus augmenting the strength of the binding. However, the application of NMR methods to monitor multivalent lectin-glycan interactions is intrinsically challenging. It is well known that when large macromolecular complexes are formed, the NMR signals disappear from the NMR spectrum, due to the existence of fast transverse relaxation, related to the large size and exchange features. Indeed, at the heart of the molecular recognition event, the associated free-bound chemical exchange process for both partners takes place in a particular timescale. Thus, these factors have to be considered and overcome. In this review article, we have distinguished, in a subjective manner, the existence of multivalent presentations in the glycan or in the lectin. From the glycan perspective, we have also considered whether multiple epitopes of a given ligand are presented in the same linear chain of a saccharide (i.e., poly-LacNAc oligosaccharides) or decorating different arms of a multiantennae scaffold, either natural (as in multiantennae N-glycans) or synthetic (of dendrimer or polymer nature). From the lectin perspective, the presence of an individual binding site at every monomer of a multimeric lectin may also have key consequences for the binding event at different levels of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon I Quintana
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Unai Atxabal
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Luca Unione
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, II Faculty of Science and Technology, EHU-UPV, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Kaur N, Popli P, Tiwary N, Swami R. Small molecules as cancer targeting ligands: Shifting the paradigm. J Control Release 2023; 355:417-433. [PMID: 36754149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapeutics exploration is hampered due to their nonspecific distribution leading to unintended serious toxicity. Toxicity is so severe that deciding to go for chemotherapy becomes a question of concern for many terminally ill cancer patients. However, with evolving times nanotechnology assisted in reducing the haywire distribution and channelizing the movement of drug-enclosing drug delivery systems to cancer cells to a greater extent, yet toxicity issues still could not be obliterated. Thus, active targeting appeared as a refuge, where ligands actively or specifically deliver linked chemotherapeutics and carriers to cancer cells. For a very long time, large molecule weight/macromolecular ligands (peptides and big polymers) were considered the first choice for ligand-directed active cancer targeting, due to their specificity towards overexpressed native cancer receptors. However, complex characterization, instability, and the expensive nature demanded to reconnoitre better alternatives for macromolecule ligands. The concept of small molecules as ligands emerged from the idea that few chemical molecules including chemotherapeutics have a higher affinity for cancer receptors, which are overexpressed on cell membranes, and may have the ability to assist in drug cellular uptake through endocytosis. But now the question is, can they assist the conjugated macro cargos to enter the cell or not? This present review will provide a holistic overview of the small molecule ligands explored till now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Physics, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Popli
- Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, India
| | - Neha Tiwary
- Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, India
| | - Rajan Swami
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chikara University, Punjab, India.
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5
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Stopar A, Nicholson AW. Multivalent forms of the ribonuclease H1 hybrid binding domain are high-affinity binders of RNA-DNA hybrids. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:472-482. [PMID: 36443824 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hybrid binding domain (HBD) is a conserved fold present in ribonucleases H1 that selectively recognizes RNA-DNA hybrids, which are structures present in cellular R-loops and participate in diverse biological processes. We engineered multivalent HBD proteins to create high-affinity hybrid binders. Using EMSA- and SPR-based analyses, we showed that the triple-HBD protein exhibits a ~ 22 000-fold increase in hybrid affinity (KD 370 pm) relative to the single HBD (KD 8.29 μm), with the length and sequence of the linkers enabling optimal function. These findings provide a framework for testing models that correlate multivalency and affinity to understand how multivalent proteins function and also can serve to guide applications that exploit multivalency as a strategy to enhance binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Stopar
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Nallan Chakravarthula T, Zeng Z, Alves NJ. Multivalent Benzamidine Molecules for Plasmin Inhibition: Effect of Valency and Linker Length. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200364. [PMID: 36111842 PMCID: PMC9828467 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
There is an emerging interest in utilizing synthetic multivalent inhibitors that comprise of multiple inhibitor moieties linked on a common scaffold to achieve strong and selective enzyme inhibition. As multivalent inhibition is impacted by valency and linker length, in this study, we explore the effect of multivalent benzamidine inhibitors of varying valency and linker length on plasmin inhibition. Plasmin is an endogenous enzyme responsible for digesting fibrin present in blood clots. Monovalent plasmin(ogen) inhibitors are utilized clinically to treat hyperfibrinolysis-associated bleeding events. Benzamidine is a reversible inhibitor that binds to plasmin's active site. Herein, multivalent benzamidine inhibitors of varying valencies (mono-, bi- and tri-valent) and linker lengths (∼1-12 nm) were synthesized to systematically study their effect on plasmin inhibition. Inhibition assays were performed using a plasmin substrate (S-2251) to determine inhibition constants (Ki). Pentamidine (shortest bivalent) and Tri-AMB (shortest trivalent) were the strongest inhibitors with Ki values of 2.1±0.8 and 3.9±1.7 μM, respectively. Overall, increasing valency and decreasing linker length, increases effective local concentration of the inhibitor and therefore, resulted in stronger inhibition of plasmin via statistical rebinding. This study aids in the design of multivalent inhibitors that can achieve desired enzyme inhibition by means of modulating valency and linker length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmaye Nallan Chakravarthula
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN46202USA,Weldon School of Biomedical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47906USA
| | - Ziqian Zeng
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN46202USA,Weldon School of Biomedical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47906USA
| | - Nathan J. Alves
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN46202USA,Weldon School of Biomedical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47906USA
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7
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Chattaraj R, Kim CY, Lee D, Hammer DA. Recombinant Protein Micelles to Block Transduction by SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17466-17477. [PMID: 36191145 PMCID: PMC9578646 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The continuing emergence of variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus requires the development of modular molecular therapies. Here, we engineered a recombinant amphiphilic protein, oleosin, to spontaneously self-assemble into multivalent micellar nanostructures which can block the Spike S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses (PVs). Short recombinant proteins like oleosin can be formulated more easily than antibodies and can be functionalized with precision through genetic engineering. We cloned S1-binding mini-protein genes called LCBx, previously designed by David Baker's laboratory (UW Seattle), to the N-terminus of oleosin, expressing Oleo-LCBx proteins in E. coli. These proteins largely formed 10-100 nm micelles as verified by dynamic light scattering. Two proteins, Oleo-LCB1 and Oleo-LCB3, were seen to completely and irreversibly block transduction by both wild-type and delta variant PVs into 293T-hsACE2 cells at 10 μM. Presented in multivalent micelles, these proteins reduced transduction by PVs down to a functional protein concentration of 5 nM. Additionally, Oleo-LCB1 micelles outperformed corresponding synthetic LCB1 mini-proteins in reducing transduction by PVs. Tunable aqueous solubility of recombinant oleosin allowed incorporation of peptides/mini-proteins at high concentrations within micelles, thus enhancing drug loading. To validate the potential multifunctionality of the micelles, we showed that certain combinations of Oleo-LCB1 and Oleo-LCB3 performed much better than the individual proteins at the same concentration. These micelles, which we showed to be non-toxic to human cells, are thus a promising step toward the design of modular, multifunctional therapeutics that could bind to and inactivate multiple receptors and proteins necessary for the infection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Chattaraj
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christina Y. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel A. Hammer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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8
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Imran A, Moyer BS, Wolfe AJ, Cosgrove MS, Makarov DE, Movileanu L. Interplay of Affinity and Surface Tethering in Protein Recognition. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4021-4028. [PMID: 35485934 PMCID: PMC9106920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface-tethered ligand-receptor complexes are key components in biological signaling and adhesion. They also find increasing utility in single-molecule assays and biotechnological applications. Here, we study the real-time binding kinetics between various surface-immobilized peptide ligands and their unrestrained receptors. A long peptide tether increases the association of ligand-receptor complexes, experimentally proving the fly casting mechanism where the disorder accelerates protein recognition. On the other hand, a short peptide tether enhances the complex dissociation. Notably, the rate constants measured for the same receptor, but under different spatial constraints, are strongly correlated to one another. Furthermore, this correlation can be used to predict how surface tethering on a ligand-receptor complex alters its binding kinetics. Our results have immediate implications in the broad areas of biomolecular recognition, intrinsically disordered proteins, and biosensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Imran
- Department
of Physics, Syracuse University, 201 Physics Building, Syracuse, New York 13244-1130, United States
| | - Brandon S. Moyer
- Ichor
Life Sciences, Inc., 2651 US Route 11, LaFayette, New York 13084, United
States
- Lewis
School of Health Sciences, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Aaron J. Wolfe
- Department
of Physics, Syracuse University, 201 Physics Building, Syracuse, New York 13244-1130, United States
- Ichor
Life Sciences, Inc., 2651 US Route 11, LaFayette, New York 13084, United
States
- Lewis
School of Health Sciences, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, State University of New York
College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Michael S. Cosgrove
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State
University of New York Upstate Medical University, 4249 Weiskotten Hall, 766 Irving
Avenue, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Dmitrii E. Makarov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Oden
Institute
for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Liviu Movileanu
- Department
of Physics, Syracuse University, 201 Physics Building, Syracuse, New York 13244-1130, United States
- Department
of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 329 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United
States
- The BioInspired
Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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9
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Modulating binding affinity, specificity and configurations by multivalent interactions. Biophys J 2022; 121:1868-1880. [PMID: 35450827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological functions of proteins rely on their specific interactions with binding partners. Many proteins contain multiple domains, which can bind to their targets that often have more than one binding site, resulting in multivalent interactions. While it has been shown that multivalent interactions play an crucial role in modulating binding affinity and specificity, other potential effects of multivalent interactions are less explored. Here, we developed a broadly applicable transfer matrix formalism and used it to investigate the binding of two-domain ligands to targets with multiple binding sites. We show that 1) ligands with two specific binding domains can drastically boost both the binding affinity and specificity and down-shift the working concentration range, compared to single-domain ligands, 2) the presence of a positive domain-domain cooperativity or containing a non-specific binding domain can down-shift the working concentration range of ligands by increasing the binding affinity without compromising the binding specificity, 3) the configuration of the bound ligands has a strong concentration dependence, providing important insights into the physical origin of phase-separation processes taking place in living cells. In line with previous studies, our results suggest that multivalent interactions are utilized by cells for highly efficient regulation of target binding involved in a diverse range of cellular processes such as signal transduction, gene transcription, antibody-antigen recognition.
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10
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Critical parameters for design and development of multivalent nanoconstructs: recent trends. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2335-2358. [PMID: 35013982 PMCID: PMC8747862 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A century ago, the groundbreaking concept of the magic bullet was given by Paul Ehrlich. Since then, this concept has been extensively explored in various forms to date. The concept of multivalency is among such advancements of the magic bullet concept. Biologically, the concept of multivalency plays a critical role in significantly huge numbers of biochemical interactions. This concept is the sole reason behind the higher affinity of biological molecules like viruses to more selectively target the host cell surface receptors. Multivalent nanoconstructs are a promising approach for drug delivery by the active targeting principle. Designing and developing effective and target-specific multivalent drug delivery nanoconstructs, on the other hand, remain a challenge. The underlying reason for this is a lack of understanding of the crucial interactions between ligands and cell surface receptors, as well as the design of nanoconstructs. This review highlights the need for a better theoretical understanding of the multivalent effect of what happens to the receptor-ligand complex after it has been established. Furthermore, the critical parameters for designing and developing robust multivalent systems have been emphasized. We have also discussed current advances in the design and development of multivalent nanoconstructs for drug delivery. We believe that a thorough knowledge of theoretical concepts and experimental methodologies may transform a brilliant idea into clinical translation.
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11
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Bertuzzi S, Quintana JI, Ardá A, Gimeno A, Jiménez-Barbero J. Targeting Galectins With Glycomimetics. Front Chem 2020; 8:593. [PMID: 32850631 PMCID: PMC7426508 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among glycan-binding proteins, galectins, β-galactoside-binding lectins, exhibit relevant biological roles and are implicated in many diseases, such as cancer and inflammation. Their involvement in crucial pathologies makes them interesting targets for drug discovery. In this review, we gather the last approaches toward the specific design of glycomimetics as potential drugs against galectins. Different approaches, either using specific glycomimetic molecules decorated with key functional groups or employing multivalent presentations of lactose and N-acetyl lactosamine analogs, have provided promising results for binding and modulating different galectins. The review highlights the results obtained with these approximations, from the employment of S-glycosyl compounds to peptidomimetics and multivalent glycopolymers, mostly employed to recognize and/or detect hGal-1 and hGal-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bertuzzi
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Jon I Quintana
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country - UPV-EHU, Leioa, Spain
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12
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Steinmetz NF, Lim S, Sainsbury F. Protein cages and virus-like particles: from fundamental insight to biomimetic therapeutics. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2771-2777. [PMID: 32352101 PMCID: PMC8085892 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00159g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein cages (viral and non-viral) found in nature have evolved for a variety of purposes and are found in all kingdoms of life. The main functions of these nanoscale compartments are the protection and delivery of nucleic acids e.g. virus capsids, or the enrichment and sequestration of metabolons e.g. bacterial microcompartments. This review focuses on recent developments of protein cages for use in immunotherapy and therapeutic delivery. In doing so, we highlight the unique ways in which protein cages have informed on fundamental principles governing bio-nano interactions. With the enormous existing design space among naturally occurring protein cages, there is still much to learn from studying them as biomimetic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA and Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA and Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore and NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Frank Sainsbury
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia. and Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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13
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Huang Q, Li M, Lai L, Liu Z. Allostery of multidomain proteins with disordered linkers. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 62:175-182. [PMID: 32151887 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered regions are often involved in allosteric regulation of multidomain proteins. They can act as disordered linkers to connect and interact with domains, resulting in rather complex allosteric mechanism and novel protein behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the diverse functions of disordered linkers in order to better understand allostery and relevant regulation process. Here we summarize recent advances in understanding the function of linkers and the advantages of adopting mutlidomain architecture with disorder linkers. It was shown that linkers between domains enhance the local domain concentration and make the allosteric regulation of weakly interacting partners possible, while linkers with only one tethered end cause an entropy effect to reduce binding affinity and prevent aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojing Huang
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Maodong Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Systems Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Luhua Lai
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhirong Liu
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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14
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Wen Q, Zhang Y, Li C, Ling S, Yang X, Chen G, Yang Y, Wang Q. NIR‐II Fluorescent Self‐Assembled Peptide Nanochain for Ultrasensitive Detection of Peritoneal Metastasis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiang Wen
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine andi-LabCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yejun Zhang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine andi-LabCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Chunyan Li
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine andi-LabCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Sisi Ling
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine andi-LabCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiaohu Yang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine andi-LabCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Guangcun Chen
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine andi-LabCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Pulmonary HospitalInstitute for Advanced StudyTongji University Shanghai 200430 China
| | - Qiangbin Wang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine andi-LabCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
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15
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Wen Q, Zhang Y, Li C, Ling S, Yang X, Chen G, Yang Y, Wang Q. NIR-II Fluorescent Self-Assembled Peptide Nanochain for Ultrasensitive Detection of Peritoneal Metastasis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11001-11006. [PMID: 31162792 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided cytoreductive surgery is one of the most promising approaches for facile elimination of tumors in situ, thereby improving prognosis. Reported herein is a simple strategy to construct a novel chainlike NIR-II nanoprobe (APP-Ag2 S-RGD) by self-assembly of an amphiphilic peptide (APP) into a nanochain with subsequent chemical crosslinking of NIR-II Ag2 S QDs and the tumor-targeting RGD peptide. This probe exhibits higher capability for cancer cell detection compared with that of RGD-functionalized Ag2 S QDs (Ag2 S-RGD) at the same concentration. Upon intraperitoneal injection, superior tumor-to-normal tissue signal ratio is achieved and non-vascularized tiny tumor metastatic foci as small as about 0.2 mm in diameter could be facilely eliminated under NIR-II fluorescent imaging guidance. These results clearly indicate the potential of this probe for fluorescence-guided tumor staging, preoperative diagnosis, and intraoperative navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiang Wen
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine andi-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yejun Zhang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine andi-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine andi-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Sisi Ling
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine andi-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaohu Yang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine andi-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guangcun Chen
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine andi-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200430, China
| | - Qiangbin Wang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine andi-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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16
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Yamini G, Nestorovich EM. Multivalent Inhibitors of Channel-Forming Bacterial Toxins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 406:199-227. [PMID: 27469304 PMCID: PMC6814628 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of multivalent molecules represents a remarkable modern tool to transform weak non-covalent interactions into strong binding by creating multiple finely-tuned points of contact between multivalent ligands and their supposed multivalent targets. Here, we describe several prominent examples where the multivalent blockers were investigated for their ability to directly obstruct oligomeric channel-forming bacterial exotoxins, such as the pore-forming bacterial toxins and B component of the binary bacterial toxins. We address problems related to the blocker/target symmetry match and nature of the functional groups, as well as chemistry and length of the linkers connecting the functional groups to their multivalent scaffolds. Using the anthrax toxin and AB5 toxin case studies, we briefly review how the oligomeric toxin components can be successfully disabled by the multivalent non-channel-blocking inhibitors, which are based on a variety of multivalent scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goli Yamini
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., 20064, USA
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17
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Clemons TD, Singh R, Sorolla A, Chaudhari N, Hubbard A, Iyer KS. Distinction Between Active and Passive Targeting of Nanoparticles Dictate Their Overall Therapeutic Efficacy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15343-15349. [PMID: 30441895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of nanoparticles in cancer medicine is vast with debate still surrounding the distinction between therapeutic efficacy of actively targeted nanoparticles versus passively targeted systems for drug delivery. While it is commonly accepted that methodologies that result in homing a high concentration of drug loaded nanoparticles to the tumor is beneficial, the role of intracellular trafficking of these nanoparticles in dictating the overall therapeutic outcome remains unresolved. Herein we demonstrate that the therapeutic outcome of drug loaded nanoparticles is governed beyond simply enabling nanoparticle internalization in cells. Using two model polymeric nanoparticles, one decorated with the GE11 peptide for active targeting of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the other without, we demonstrate that EGFR mediated intracellular internalization results in an enhanced therapeutic effect compared to the nontargeted formulation. Our findings demonstrate that the intracellular destination of nanoparticles beyond its ability to internalize is an important parameter that has to be accounted for in the design of targeted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan D Clemons
- School of Molecular Sciences , University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway , Crawley , Western Australia Australia , 6009
| | - Ruhani Singh
- School of Molecular Sciences , University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway , Crawley , Western Australia Australia , 6009
- CSIRO Manufacturing , New Horizons Centre , 20 Research Way , Clayton , Victoria Australia 3168
| | - Anabel Sorolla
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research , 6 Verdun Street , Nedlands , Western Australia Australia 6009
| | - Nutan Chaudhari
- School of Molecular Sciences , University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway , Crawley , Western Australia Australia , 6009
| | - Alysia Hubbard
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis , University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway , Crawley , Western Australia Australia , 6009
| | - K Swaminatha Iyer
- School of Molecular Sciences , University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway , Crawley , Western Australia Australia , 6009
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18
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Tekel SJ, Vargas DA, Song L, LaBaer J, Caplan MR, Haynes KA. Tandem Histone-Binding Domains Enhance the Activity of a Synthetic Chromatin Effector. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:842-852. [PMID: 29429329 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fusion proteins that specifically interact with biochemical marks on chromosomes represent a new class of synthetic transcriptional regulators that decode cell state information rather than DNA sequences. In multicellular organisms, information relevant to cell state, tissue identity, and oncogenesis is often encoded as biochemical modifications of histones, which are bound to DNA in eukaryotic nuclei and regulate gene expression states. We have previously reported the development and validation of the "polycomb-based transcription factor" (PcTF), a fusion protein that recognizes histone modifications through a protein-protein interaction between its polycomb chromodomain (PCD) motif and trimethylated lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) at genomic sites. We demonstrated that PcTF activates genes at methyl-histone-enriched loci in cancer-derived cell lines. However, PcTF induces modest activation of a methyl-histone associated reporter compared to a DNA-binding activator. Therefore, we modified PcTF to enhance its binding avidity. Here, we demonstrate the activity of a modified regulator called Pc2TF, which has two tandem copies of the H3K27me3-binding PCD at the N-terminus. Pc2TF has a smaller apparent dissociation constant value in vitro and shows enhanced gene activation in HEK293 cells compared to PcTF. These results provide compelling evidence that the intrinsic histone-binding activity of the PCD motif can be used to tune the activity of synthetic histone-binding transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J. Tekel
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-9709, United States
| | - Daniel A. Vargas
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-9709, United States
| | - Lusheng Song
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-9709, United States
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-9709, United States
| | - Michael R. Caplan
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-9709, United States
| | - Karmella A. Haynes
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-9709, United States
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19
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Olsen JG, Teilum K, Kragelund BB. Behaviour of intrinsically disordered proteins in protein-protein complexes with an emphasis on fuzziness. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3175-3183. [PMID: 28597296 PMCID: PMC5533869 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) do not, by themselves, fold into a compact globular structure. They are extremely dynamic and flexible, and are typically involved in signalling and transduction of information through binding to other macromolecules. The reason for their existence may lie in their malleability, which enables them to bind several different partners with high specificity. In addition, their interactions with other macromolecules can be regulated by a variable amount of chemically diverse post-translational modifications. Four kinetically and energetically different types of complexes between an IDP and another macromolecule are reviewed: (1) simple two-state binding involving a single binding site, (2) avidity, (3) allovalency and (4) fuzzy binding; the last three involving more than one site. Finally, a qualitative definition of fuzzy binding is suggested, examples are provided, and its distinction to allovalency and avidity is highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan G Olsen
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory (SBiNLab) and the Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaare Teilum
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory (SBiNLab) and the Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory (SBiNLab) and the Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Huang HZ, Chen YH, Yu WC, Luo KF. Superselective Adsorption of Multivalent Polymer Chains to a Surface with Receptors. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/29/cjcp1603060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Shabareesh PRV, Kaur KJ. Structural and Functional Characterization of Hirudin P6 Derived Novel Bivalent Thrombin Inhibitors - Studying the Effect of Linker Length and Glycosylation on Their Function. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:129-41. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- PRV Shabareesh
- National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Kanwal J. Kaur
- National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi 110067 India
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22
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Papaleo E, Saladino G, Lambrughi M, Lindorff-Larsen K, Gervasio FL, Nussinov R. The Role of Protein Loops and Linkers in Conformational Dynamics and Allostery. Chem Rev 2016; 116:6391-423. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Papaleo
- Computational
Biology Laboratory, Unit of Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Structural
Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giorgio Saladino
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Lambrughi
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza
della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Structural
Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ruth Nussinov
- Cancer
and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Sackler Institute
of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular
Medicine Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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23
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Elshan NGRD, Jayasundera T, Anglin BL, Weber CS, Lynch RM, Mash EA. Trigonal scaffolds for multivalent targeting of melanocortin receptors. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1778-91. [PMID: 25502141 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02094d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin receptors can be used as biomarkers to detect and possibly treat melanoma. To these ends, molecules bearing one, two, or three copies of the weakly binding ligand MSH(4) were attached to scaffolds based on phloroglucinol, tripropargylamine, and 1,4,7-triazacyclononane by means of the copper-assisted azide-alkyne cyclization. This synthetic design allows rapid assembly of multivalent molecules. The bioactivities of these compounds were evaluated using a competitive binding assay that employed human embryonic kidney cells engineered to overexpress the melanocortin 4 receptor. The divalent molecules exhibited 10- to 30-fold higher levels of inhibition when compared to the corresponding monovalent molecules, consistent with divalent binding. The trivalent molecules were only statistically (∼2-fold) better than the divalent molecules, still consistent with divalent binding but inconsistent with trivalent binding. Possible reasons for these behaviors and planned refinements of the multivalent constructs targeting melanocortin receptors based on these scaffolds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G R Dayan Elshan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, USA.
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24
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Shinchi H, Yuki N, Ishida H, Hirata K, Wakao M, Suda Y. Visual Detection of Human Antibodies Using Sugar Chain-Immobilized Fluorescent Nanoparticles: Application as a Point of Care Diagnostic Tool for Guillain-Barré Syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137966. [PMID: 26378448 PMCID: PMC4574945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar chain binding antibodies have gained substantial attention as biomarkers due to their crucial roles in various disorders. In this study, we developed simple and quick detection method of anti-sugar chain antibodies in sera using our previously developed sugar chain-immobilized fluorescent nanoparticles (SFNPs) for the point-of-care diagnostics. Sugar chain structure on SFNPs was modified with the sugar moieties of the GM1 ganglioside via our original linker molecule to detect anti-GM1 antibodies. The structures and densities of the sugar moieties immobilized on the nanoparticles were evaluated in detail using lectins and sera containing anti-GM1 antibodies from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, a neurological disorder, as an example of disease involving anti-sugar chain antibodies. When optimized SFNPs were added to sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, fluorescent aggregates were able to visually detect under UV light in three hours. The sensitivity of the detection method was equivalent to that of the current ELISA method used for the diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome. These results suggest that our method using SFNPs is suitable for the point-of-care diagnostics of diseases involving anti-sugar chain antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shinchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yuki
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321–0293, Japan
- Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Level 7, Building F, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu 501–1193, Japan
| | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321–0293, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wakao
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
| | - Yasuo Suda
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
- SUDx-Biotec Corporation, 1-42-1 Shiroyama, Kagoshima 890–0013, Japan
- * E-mail:
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25
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Broda E, Mickler FM, Lächelt U, Morys S, Wagner E, Bräuchle C. Assessing potential peptide targeting ligands by quantification of cellular adhesion of model nanoparticles under flow conditions. J Control Release 2015; 213:79-85. [PMID: 26134072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sophisticated drug delivery systems are coated with targeting ligands to improve the specific adhesion to surface receptors on diseased cells. In our study, we developed a method with which we assessed the potential of peptide ligands to specifically bind to receptor overexpressing target cells. Therefore, a microfluidic setup was used where the cellular adhesion of nanoparticles with ligand and of control nanoparticles was observed in parallel under the same experimental conditions. The effect of the ligand on cellular binding was quantified by counting the number of adhered nanoparticles with ligand and differently labeled control nanoparticles on single cells after incubation under flow conditions. To provide easy-to-synthesize, stable and reproducible nanoparticles which mimic the surface characteristics of drug delivery systems and meet the requirements for quantitative analysis, latex beads based on amine-modified polystyrene were used as model nanoparticles. Two short peptides were tested to serve as targeting ligand on the beads by increasing the specific binding to HuH7 cells. The c-Met binding peptide cMBP2 was used for hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met) targeting and the peptide B6 for transferrin receptor (TfR) targeting. The impact of the targeting peptide on binding was investigated by comparing the beads with ligand to different internal control beads: 1) without ligand and tailored surface charge (electrostatic control) and 2) with scrambled peptide and similar surface charge, but a different amino acid sequence (specificity control). Our results demonstrate that the method is very useful to select suitable targeting ligands for specific nanoparticle binding to receptor overexpressing tumor cells. We show that the cMBP2 ligand specifically enhances nanoparticle adhesion to target cells, whereas the B6 peptide mediates binding to tumor cells mainly by nonspecific interactions. All together, we suggest that cMBP2 is a suitable choice for specific receptor targeting whereas the peptide B6 should not be considered as specific targeting moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Broda
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Frauke Martina Mickler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lächelt
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Stephan Morys
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Christoph Bräuchle
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany.
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26
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Dehigaspitiya DC, Navath S, Weber CS, Lynch RM, Mash EA. Synthesis and bioactivity of MSH4 oligomers prepared by an A 2 + B 2 strategy. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3060-3065. [PMID: 26120211 PMCID: PMC4480789 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oligomers incorporating the tetrapeptide MSH4, the minimum active sequence of melanocyte stimulating hormone, were synthesized by an A2 + B2 strategy involving microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. A2 contained an MSH4 core while B2 contained a (Pro-Gly)3 spacer. Soluble mixtures containing compounds with up to eight MSH4 units were obtained from oligomerizations at high monomer concentrations. The avidities of several oligomeric mixtures were evaluated by means of a competitive binding assay using HEK293 cells engineered to overexpress the melanocortin 4 receptor. When based on total MSH4 concentrations, avidities were only minimally enhanced compared with a monovalent control. The lack of variation in the effect of ligands on probe binding is consistent with high off rates for MSH4 in both monovalent and oligomeric constructs relative to that of the competing probe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suryakiran Navath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA
| | - Craig S. Weber
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5051, USA
| | - Ronald M. Lynch
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5051, USA
- The Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0240, USA
| | - Eugene A. Mash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA
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27
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Singh NS, Kachhap S, Singh R, Mishra RC, Singh B, Raychaudhuri S. The length of glycine-rich linker in DNA-binding domain is critical for optimal functioning of quorum-sensing master regulatory protein HapR. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 289:1171-82. [PMID: 24997084 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
HapR is a quorum-sensing master regulatory protein in Vibrio cholerae. Though many facts are known regarding its structural and functional aspects, much still can be learnt from natural variants of this wild-type protein. While unraveling the underlying cause of functional inertness of a natural variant (HapRV2), the significance of a conserved glycine residue at position 39 in a glycine-rich linker in DNA-binding domain comes into light. This work aims at investigating how the length of glycine-rich linker (R(33)GIGRGG(39)) bridging helices α1 and α2 modulates the functionality of HapR. In pursuit of our interest, glycine residues were inserted after terminal glycine (G39) of the linker in a sequential manner. To evaluate functionality, all the glycine linker variants were subjected to a battery of performance tests under various conditions. Combined in vitro and in vivo results clearly demonstrated a gradual functional impairment of HapR linker variants coupled with increasing length of glycine-rich linker and finally, linker variant harboring four glycine residues resulted in a functionally compromised protein with significant loss of communication with cognate DNAs. Molecular dynamics studies of modeled HapR linker variants in complex with cognate promoter region show that residues namely Ser50, Thr53 and Asn56 are involved in varying degree of interactions with different nucleotides of HapR-DNA complex. The diminished functionality between variants and DNA appears to result from reduced or no interactions between Phe55 and nucleotides of cognate DNA as observed during simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naorem Santa Singh
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Physiology Division, Institute of Microbial Technology (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
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Hart NJ, Chung WJ, Weber C, Ananthakrishnan K, Anderson M, Patek R, Zhang Z, Limesand SW, Vagner J, Lynch RM. Hetero-bivalent GLP-1/glibenclamide for targeting pancreatic β-cells. Chembiochem 2013; 15:135-45. [PMID: 24259278 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) cell signalling cascades are initiated upon binding of a specific agonist ligand to its cell surface receptor. Linking multiple heterologous ligands that simultaneously bind and potentially link different receptors on the cell surface is a unique approach to modulate cell responses. Moreover, if the target receptors are selected based on analysis of cell-specific expression of a receptor combination, then the linked binding elements might provide enhanced specificity of targeting the cell type of interest, that is, only to cells that express the complementary receptors. Two receptors whose expression is relatively specific (in combination) to insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are the sulfonylurea-1 (SUR1) and the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors. A heterobivalent ligand was assembled from the active fragment of GLP-1 (7-36 GLP-1) and glibenclamide, a small organic ligand for SUR1. The synthetic construct was labelled with Cy5 or europium chelated in DTPA to evaluate binding to β-cells, by using fluorescence microscopy or time-resolved saturation and competition binding assays, respectively. Once the ligand binds to β-cells, it is rapidly capped and presumably removed from the cell surface by endocytosis. The bivalent ligand had an affinity approximately fivefold higher than monomeric europium-labelled GLP-1, likely a result of cooperative binding to the complementary receptors on the βTC3 cells. The high-affinity binding was lost in the presence of either unlabelled monomer, thus demonstrating that interaction with both receptors is required for the enhanced binding at low concentrations. Importantly, bivalent enhancement was accomplished in a cell system with physiological levels of expression of the complementary receptors, thus indicating that this approach might be applicable for β-cell targeting in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J Hart
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85721 (USA)
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29
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Khalili H, Godwin A, Choi JW, Lever R, Khaw PT, Brocchini S. Fab-PEG-Fab as a Potential Antibody Mimetic. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1870-82. [DOI: 10.1021/bc400246z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Khalili
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
- NIHR
Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1 V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Godwin
- PolyTherics
Ltd, The London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, United Kingdom
| | - Ji-won Choi
- PolyTherics
Ltd, The London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Lever
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Peng T. Khaw
- NIHR
Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1 V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Brocchini
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
- NIHR
Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1 V 9EL, United Kingdom
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30
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Anthis NJ, Clore GM. The length of the calmodulin linker determines the extent of transient interdomain association and target affinity. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9648-51. [PMID: 23782151 PMCID: PMC3748814 DOI: 10.1021/ja4051422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM), the prototypical calcium sensing protein in eukaryotes, comprises two domains separated by a short flexible linker, which allows CaM to assume a wide range of extended and compact conformations. Here we use NMR relaxation measurements to explore the role of the linker in CaM function and dynamics. Using paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) measurements, we examine the effect of changes in the length and rigidity of the linker on the transient association between the two domains of Ca(2+)-bound CaM (CaM-4Ca(2+)). We observe that transient interdomain association, represented by an effective molarity (M(eff)), is maximal for a linker extended by one residue from the wild-type length and decreases for lengths longer or shorter than that. The results can be quantitatively rationalized using a simplified model of a random coil whose two ends must be a specific distance apart for an interaction to occur. The results correlate well with the affinity of CaM-4Ca(2+) for a target peptide, suggesting that the transient compact states adopted by CaM-4Ca(2+) in the absence of peptide play a direct role in facilitating target binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Anthis
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0520, USA
| | - G. Marius Clore
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0520, USA
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31
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Ying CT, Wang J, Lamm RJ, Kamei DT. Mathematical Modeling of Vesicle Drug Delivery Systems 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:46-62. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068212458265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Heterobivalent ligands target cell-surface receptor combinations in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:21295-300. [PMID: 23236171 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1211762109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge in tumor targeting is to deliver payloads to cancers while sparing normal tissues. A limited number of antibodies appear to meet this challenge as therapeutics themselves or as drug-antibody conjugates. However, antibodies suffer from their large size, which can lead to unfavorable pharmacokinetics for some therapeutic payloads, and that they are targeted against only a single epitope, which can reduce their selectivity and specificity. Here, we propose an alternative targeting approach based on patterns of cell surface proteins to rationally develop small, synthetic heteromultivalent ligands (htMVLs) that target multiple receptors simultaneously. To gain insight into the multivalent ligand strategy in vivo, we have generated synthetic htMVLs that contain melanocortin (MSH) and cholecystokinin (CCK) pharmacophores that are connected via a fluorescent labeled, rationally designed synthetic linker. These ligands were tested in an experimental animal model containing tumors that expressed only one (control) or both (target) MSH and CCK receptors. After systemic injection of the htMVL in tumor-bearing mice, label was highly retained in tumors that expressed both, compared with one, target receptors. Selectivity was quantified by using ex vivo measurement of Europium-labeled htMVL, which had up to 12-fold higher specificity for dual compared with single receptor expressing cells. This proof-of-principle study provides in vivo evidence that small, rationally designed bivalent htMVLs can be used to selectively target cells that express both, compared with single complimentary cell surface targets. These data open the possibility that specific combinations of targets on tumors can be identified and selectively targeted using htMVLs.
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Multivalent ligand: design principle for targeted therapeutic delivery approach. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:1171-87. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multivalent interactions of biological molecules play an important role in many biochemical events. A multivalent ligand comprises of multiple copies of ligands conjugated to scaffolds, allowing the simultaneous binding of multivalent ligands to multiple binding sites or receptors. Many research groups have successfully designed and synthesized multivalent ligands to increase the binding affinity, avidity and specificity of the ligand to the receptor. A multimeric ligand is a promising option for the specific treatment of diseases. In this review, the factors affecting multivalent interactions, including the size and shape of the ligand, geometry and an arrangement of ligands on the scaffold, linker length, thermodynamic, and kinetics of the interactions are discussed. Examples of the multivalent ligand applications for therapeutic delivery are also summarized.
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Abstract
Dendritic polymers have attracted a great deal of scientific interest due to their well-defined unique structure and capability to be multifunctionalized. Here we present a comprehensive overview of various dendrimer-based nanomaterials that are currently being investigated for therapeutic delivery and diagnostic applications. Through a critical review of the old and new dendritic designs, we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of these systems and their structure-biological property relationships. This article also focuses on the major challenges facing the clinical translation of these nanomaterials and how these challenges are being (or should be) addressed, which will greatly benefit the overall progress of dendritic materials for theranostics.
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35
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Near-infrared fluorescent divalent RGD ligand for integrin αvβ₃-targeted optical imaging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5405-9. [PMID: 22871580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new near-infrared fluorescent compound containing two cyclic RGD motifs, cypate-[c(RGDfK)](2) (1), was synthesized based on a carbocyanine fluorophore bearing two carboxylic acid groups (cypate) for integrin α(v)β(3)-targeting. Compared with its monovalent counterpart cypate-c(RGDfK) (2), 1 exhibited remarkable improvements in integrin α(v)β(3) binding affinity and tumor uptake in nude mice of A549. The results suggest that cypate-linked divalent ligands can serve as an important molecular platform for exploring receptor-targeted optical imaging and treatment of various diseases.
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36
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Reynolds M, Marradi M, Imberty A, Penadés S, Pérez S. Multivalent Gold Glycoclusters: High Affinity Molecular Recognition by Bacterial Lectin PA-IL. Chemistry 2012; 18:4264-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Numata J, Juneja A, Diestler DJ, Knapp EW. Influence of Spacer–Receptor Interactions on the Stability of Bivalent Ligand–Receptor Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:2595-604. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211383s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Numata
- Department of Biology, Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstrasse 36A, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alok Juneja
- Department of Biology, Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstrasse 36A, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biosciences and
Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141
83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Dennis J. Diestler
- Department of Biology, Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstrasse 36A, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583,
United States
| | - Ernst-Walter Knapp
- Department of Biology, Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstrasse 36A, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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38
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Rao V, Alleti R, Xu L, Tafreshi NK, Morse DL, Gillies RJ, Mash EA. A sucrose-derived scaffold for multimerization of bioactive peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6474-82. [PMID: 21940174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A spherical molecular scaffold bearing eight terminal alkyne groups was synthesized in one step from sucrose. One or more copies of a tetrapeptide azide, either N(3)(CH(2))(5)(CO)-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) (MSH4) or N(3)(CH(2))(5)(CO)-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH(2) (CCK4), were attached to the scaffold via the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. Competitive binding assays using Eu-labeled probes based on the superpotent ligands Ser-Tyr-Ser-Nle-Glu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH(2) (NDP-α-MSH) and Asp-Tyr-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH(2) (CCK8) were used to study the interactions of monovalent and multivalent MSH4 and CCK4 constructs with Hek293 cells engineered to overexpress MC4R and CCK2R. All of the monovalent and multivalent MSH4 constructs exhibited binding comparable to that of the parental ligand, suggesting that either the ligand spacing was inappropriate for multivalent binding, or MSH4 is too weak a binder for a second 'anchoring' binding event to occur before the monovalently-bound construct is released from the cell surface. In contrast with this behavior, monovalent CCK4 constructs were significantly less potent than the parental ligand, while multivalent CCK4 constructs were as or more potent than the parental ligand. These results are suggestive of multivalent binding, which may be due to increased residence times for monovalently bound CCK4 constructs on the cell surface relative to MSH4 constructs, the greater residence time being necessary for the establishment of multivalent binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataramanarao Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA
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Chittasupho C, Siahaan TJ, Vines CM, Berkland C. Autoimmune therapies targeting costimulation and emerging trends in multivalent therapeutics. Ther Deliv 2011; 2:873-89. [PMID: 21984960 PMCID: PMC3186944 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins participating in immunological signaling have emerged as important targets for controlling the immune response. A multitude of receptor-ligand pairs that regulate signaling pathways of the immune response have been identified. In the complex milieu of immune signaling, therapeutic agents targeting mediators of cellular signaling often either activate an inflammatory immune response or induce tolerance. This review is primarily focused on therapeutics that inhibit the inflammatory immune response by targeting membrane-bound proteins regulating costimulation or mediating immune-cell adhesion. Many of these signals participate in larger, organized structures such as the immunological synapse. Receptor clustering and arrangement into organized structures is also reviewed and emerging trends implicating a potential role for multivalent therapeutics is posited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuda Chittasupho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, KS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, Thailand
| | - Teruna J Siahaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, KS, USA
| | - Charlotte M Vines
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics & Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, KS, USA
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, KS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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40
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Andresen H, Gupta S, Stevens MM. Kinetic investigation of bioresponsive nanoparticle assembly as a function of ligand design. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:383-386. [PMID: 20730206 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00469c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous and heterogeneous nanoparticle (NP) assembly induced by ligand-specific immunorecognition is commonly used for biosensing applications. We investigated how the structural design of the peptide ligands used to functionalise gold NPs affected the kinetics of NP assembly and hence biodetection. We observed that aggregation rates varied up to 20-fold for the surface binding and 120-fold for the solution-phase assembly of NPs as a function of peptide design. Our results show how the fundamental difference in NP assembly on surfaces and in solution requires different optimised ligand designs. This increased understanding of the specifics of ligand-triggered NP aggregation should help in the design of faster and more efficient bioassays in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Andresen
- Imperial College London, Department of Materials and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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41
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Alleti R, Rao V, Xu L, Gillies RJ, Mash EA. A solanesol-derived scaffold for multimerization of bioactive peptides. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5895-903. [PMID: 20701315 DOI: 10.1021/jo101043m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A flexible molecular scaffold bearing varying numbers of terminal alkyne groups was synthesized in five steps from solanesol. R(CO)-MSH(4)-NH(2) ligands, which have a relatively low affinity for binding at the human melanocortin 4 receptor (hMC4R), were prepared by solid phase synthesis and were N-terminally acylated with 6-azidohexanoic acid. Multiple copies of the azide N(3)(CH(2))(5)(CO)-MSH(4)-NH(2) were attached to the alkyne-bearing, solanesol-derived molecular scaffold via the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. Control studies showed that the binding affinity of the triazole-containing ligand, CH(3)(CH(2))(3)(C(2)N(3))(CH(2))(5)(CO)-MSH(4)-NH(2), was not significantly diminished relative to the corresponding parental ligand, CH(3)(CO)-MSH(4)-NH(2). In a competitive binding assay with a Eu-labeled probe based on the superpotent ligand NDP-alpha-MSH, the monovalent and multivalent constructs appear to bind to hMC4R as monovalent species. In a similar assay with a Eu-labeled probe based on MSH(4), modest increases in binding potency with increased MSH(4) content per scaffold were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Alleti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, USA
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42
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Kane RS. Thermodynamics of multivalent interactions: influence of the linker. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:8636-40. [PMID: 20131760 PMCID: PMC2877167 DOI: 10.1021/la9047193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a thermodynamic analysis of multivalent interactions, with the goal of clarifying the influence of the linker on the enhancement in avidity due to multivalency. The use of multivalency represents a promising approach to inhibit undesired biological interactions, promote desired cellular responses, and control recognition events at surfaces. Several groups have synthesized multivalent ligands that are orders of magnitude more potent than the corresponding monovalent ligands. A better understanding of the theoretical basis for the large enhancements in avidity would help guide the design of more potent synthetic multivalent ligands. In particular, there has been significant controversy regarding the extent to which the loss of conformational entropy of the linker influences the enhancement in avidity due to multivalency. To help clarify this issue, we present the thermodynamic analysis of a heterodivalent ligand-receptor interaction. Our analysis helps reconcile seemingly competing theoretical analyses of multivalent binding. Our results indicate that the dependence of the free energy of multivalent binding on linker length can be weak even if there is a significant decrease in the conformational entropy of the linker on binding. Our results are also consistent with studies demonstrating that the use of flexible linkers represents an effective strategy to design potent multivalent ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Kane
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA.
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43
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Rosca EV, Gillies RJ, Caplan MR. Glioblastoma targeting via integrins is concentration dependent. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 104:408-17. [PMID: 19575417 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to treat cancer more selectively is achieved by targeting drugs to cells via conjugating the drug or imaging agent to an antibody or ligand for a cell surface receptor that is over-expressed by the target cell population. Previous work by us has suggested that enhanced specificity can be obtained by multivalency of binding moieties. In this study we investigated the binding specificity of a multivalent construct including three peptides segments (TWYKIAFQRNRK), which bind the alpha(6)beta(1)-integrin, linked by poly(ethylene glycol) spacers. The binding specificity of the constructs was calculated by quantifying their binding to target cells (glioma cells, SF 767) relative to non-targeted cells (normal human astrocytes, NHA). Dodecapeptide constructs (monovalent) exhibit specificity equal to the ratio of receptor expression at all concentrations. However, trivalent constructs demonstrated a sharp increase in specificity at concentrations less than the affinity of the receptor-ligand bond (4.28 microM). These experiments (conducted at 4 degrees C) were consistent with the theoretical prediction and indicate that the biophysical model captures the basic trend of the data in the absence of receptor internalization, although the concentration at which increased specificity is observed is greater than predicted. The biophysical model does not predict the results of 37 degrees C experiments, and this is shown to be due to internalization which occurs at 37 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Rosca
- Harrington Department of Bioengineering, Arizona State University, PO Box 879709, Tempe, Arizona 85287-9709, USA
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