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Abstract
Hydrogels comprise a class of soft materials which are extremely useful in a number of contexts, for example as matrix-mimetic biomaterials for applications in regenerative medicine and drug delivery. One particular subclass of hydrogels consists of materials prepared through non-covalent physical crosslinking afforded by supramolecular recognition motifs. The dynamic, reversible, and equilibrium-governed features of these molecular-scale motifs often transcend length-scales to endow the resulting hydrogels with these same properties on the bulk scale. In efforts to engineer hydrogels of all types with more precise or application-specific uses, inclusion of stimuli-responsive sol-gel transformations has been broadly explored. In the context of biomedical uses, temperature is an interesting stimulus which has been the focus of numerous hydrogel designs, supramolecular or otherwise. Most supramolecular motifs are inherently temperature-sensitive, with elevated temperatures commonly disfavoring motif formation and/or accelerating its dissociation. In addition, supramolecular motifs have also been incorporated for physical crosslinking in conjunction with polymeric or macromeric building blocks which themselves exhibit temperature-responsive changes to their properties. Through molecular-scale engineering of supramolecular recognition, and selection of a particular motif or polymeric/macromeric backbone, it is thus possible to devise a number of supramolecular hydrogel materials to empower a variety of future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Xian
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Matthew J Webber
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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2
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Gu P, Li B, Wu B, Wang J, Müller-Buschbaum P, Zhong Q. Controlled Hydration, Transition, and Drug Release Realized by Adjusting Layer Thickness in Alginate-Ca 2+/poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Interpenetrating Polymeric Network Hydrogels on Cotton Fabrics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5051-5060. [PMID: 33455298 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The controlled hydration, transition, and drug release are realized by adjusting layer thickness in thermoresponsive interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) hydrogels on cotton fabrics. IPN hydrogels are synthesized by sodium alginate (SA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) with a ratio of 1:5/% (w/v). The cotton-fabric-supported IPN hydrogels with a thickness of 1000 μm exhibit a transition temperature (TT) at 35.2 °C. When the hydrogel thicknesses are thinned to 500 and 250 μm, the TTs are reduced to 34.8 and 34.1 °C, respectively. Interestingly, the morphology of IPN hydrogels switches from a well-defined honeycomb-like network structure (1000 μm) to a densely packed layer structure (250 μm). The thinner layers not only present a smaller extent of hydration and collapse but also require longer time to reach an equilibrium state, which can be attributed to the more pronounced hindrance of the chain rearrangement by the cotton fabrics. To address the influence of layer thickness on the drug release, we compare the release rate and cumulative release percentage of the test drugs tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and levofloxacin hydrochloride (LH) between pure IPN hydrogels and cotton-fabric-supported IPN hydrogels (250, 500, and 1000 μm) at 25 °C (below the TT) and 37 °C (above the TT). Because of the compressive stress from the collapsed hydrogels, a higher release is observed in both hydrogels when the temperature is above TT. The cotton fabric induces a slower and less prominent drug release in IPN hydrogels. Thus, combining the obtained correlation between the transition and hydrogels layer thickness, the drug release in cotton-fabric-supported IPN hydrogels can be regulated by the layer thickness, which appears especially suitable for a controlled release in wound dressing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Bisheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiping Wang
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Long Teng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany.,Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Qi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.,Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
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3
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Fox CS, Berry HA, Pedigo S. Development and Characterization of Calmodulin-Based Copolymeric Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2073-2086. [PMID: 32320226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been growing interest in harnessing genetically engineered polymers to develop responsive biomaterials, such as hydrogels. Unlike their synthetic counterparts, genetically engineered polymers are produced without the use of toxic reagents and can easily be programmed to incorporate desirable hydrogel properties, including bioactivity, biodegradability, and monodispersity. Herein, we report the development of a copolymeric hydrogel that is based on the calcium-dependent protein, calmodulin (CaM). For our system, CaM and M13, a CaM-binding peptide, were incorporated into genetically engineered polymers with intervening linkers containing cleavable sequences. Spectroscopic and multiple-particle tracking (MPT) studies demonstrate that these polymers self-assemble through calcium-stabilized, noncovalent crosslinking to form a soft viscoelastic material. MPT further revealed that gelation is concentration-dependent. Collagenase digests show that the protein polymers are selectively degraded through specific cleavage. The modularity and stimuli-responsiveness of this system suggest its potential as a flexible scaffold for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Hunter A Berry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Susan Pedigo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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4
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Gellermann P, Schneider-Barthold C, Bolten SN, Overfelt E, Scheper T, Pepelanova I. Production of a Recombinant Non-Hydroxylated Gelatin Mimetic in Pichia pastoris for Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:E39. [PMID: 31480684 PMCID: PMC6787575 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins derived from the natural extracellular matrix like collagen or gelatin are common in clinical research, where they are prized for their biocompatibility and bioactivity. Cells are able to adhere, grow and remodel scaffolds based on these materials. Usually, collagen and gelatin are sourced from animal material, risking pathogenic transmission and inconsistent batch-to-batch product quality. A recombinant production in yeast circumvents these disadvantages by ensuring production with a reproducible quality in animal-component-free media. A gelatin mimetic protein, based on the alpha chain of human collagen I, was cloned in Pichia pastoris under the control of the methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase (AOX1) promoter. A producing clone was selected and cultivated at the 30 L scale. The protein was secreted into the cultivation medium and the final yield was 3.4 g·L-1. Purification of the target was performed directly from the cell-free medium by size exclusion chromatography. The gelatin mimetic protein was tested in cell culture for biocompatibility and for promoting cell adhesion. It supported cell growth and its performance was indistinguishable from animal-derived gelatin. The gelatin-mimetic protein represents a swift strategy to produce recombinant and human-based extracellular matrix proteins for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Gellermann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Svenja Nicolin Bolten
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ethan Overfelt
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Iliyana Pepelanova
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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5
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Werten MWT, Eggink G, Cohen Stuart MA, de Wolf FA. Production of protein-based polymers in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:642-666. [PMID: 30902728 PMCID: PMC6624476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Materials science and genetic engineering have joined forces over the last three decades in the development of so-called protein-based polymers. These are proteins, typically with repetitive amino acid sequences, that have such physical properties that they can be used as functional materials. Well-known natural examples are collagen, silk, and elastin, but also artificial sequences have been devised. These proteins can be produced in a suitable host via recombinant DNA technology, and it is this inherent control over monomer sequence and molecular size that renders this class of polymers of particular interest to the fields of nanomaterials and biomedical research. Traditionally, Escherichia coli has been the main workhorse for the production of these polymers, but the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is finding increased use in view of the often high yields and potential bioprocessing benefits. We here provide an overview of protein-based polymers produced in P. pastoris. We summarize their physicochemical properties, briefly note possible applications, and detail their biosynthesis. Some challenges that may be faced when using P. pastoris for polymer production are identified: (i) low yields and poor process control in shake flask cultures; i.e., the need for bioreactors, (ii) proteolytic degradation, and (iii) self-assembly in vivo. Strategies to overcome these challenges are discussed, which we anticipate will be of interest also to readers involved in protein expression in P. pastoris in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W T Werten
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerrit Eggink
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands; Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A Cohen Stuart
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, NL-6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A de Wolf
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Vargas EC, Stuart MAC, de Vries R, Hernandez‐Garcia A. Template‐Free Self‐Assembly of Artificial De Novo Viral Coat Proteins into Nanorods: Effects of Sequence, Concentration, and Temperature. Chemistry 2019; 25:11058-11065. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Cazares Vargas
- Institute of ChemistryDepartment of Biomacromolecules ChemistryNational Autonomous University of Mexico Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Mexico City Mexico
| | - Martien A. Cohen Stuart
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft MatterWageningen University, Helix, 124 Stippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Renko de Vries
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft MatterWageningen University, Helix, 124 Stippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Armando Hernandez‐Garcia
- Institute of ChemistryDepartment of Biomacromolecules ChemistryNational Autonomous University of Mexico Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Mexico City Mexico
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Li X, Rombouts W, van der Gucht J, de Vries R, Dijksman JA. Mechanics of composite hydrogels approaching phase separation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211059. [PMID: 30682112 PMCID: PMC6347237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For polymer-particle composites, limited thermodynamic compatibility of polymers and particles often leads to poor dispersal and agglomeration of the particles in the matrix, which negatively impacts the mechanics of composites. To study the impact of particle compatibility in polymer matrices on the mechanical properties of composites, we here study composite silica- protein based hydrogels. The polymer used is a previously studied telechelic protein-based polymer with end groups that form triple helices, and the particles are silica nanoparticles that only weakly associate with the polymer matrix. At 1mM protein polymer, up to 7% of silica nanoparticles can be embedded in the hydrogel. At higher concentrations the system phase separates. Oscillatory rheology shows that at high frequencies the particles strengthen the gels by acting as short-lived multivalent cross-links, while at low frequencies, the particles reduce the gel strength, presumably by sequestering part of the protein polymers in such a way that they can no longer contribute to the network strength. As is generally observed for polymer/particle composites, shear-induced polymer desorption from the particles leads to a viscous dissipation that strongly increases with increasing particle concentration. While linear rheological properties as function of particle concentration provide no signals for an approaching phase separation, this is very different for the non-linear rheology, especially fracture. Strain-at-break decreases rapidly with increasing particle concentration and vanishes as the phase boundary is approached, suggesting that the interfaces between regions of high and low particle densities in composites close to phase separation provide easy fracture planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Li
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wolf Rombouts
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Renko de Vries
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joshua A. Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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8
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Otter R, Besenius P. Supramolecular assembly of functional peptide–polymer conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6719-6734. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01191a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The following review gives an overview about synthetic peptide–polymer conjugates as macromolecular building blocks and their self-assembly into a variety of supramolecular architectures, from supramolecular polymer chains, to anisotropic 1D arrays, 2D layers, and more complex 3D networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Otter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Pol Besenius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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9
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10
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Golser AV, Röber M, Börner HG, Scheibel T. Engineered Collagen: A Redox Switchable Framework for Tunable Assembly and Fabrication of Biocompatible Surfaces. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:2106-2114. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian V. Golser
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Röber
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems, Department of Chemistry Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans G. Börner
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems, Department of Chemistry Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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11
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Lima LA, de Vries R, Biswaro LS, Vasconcelos IM, Franco OL, Dias SC. Fusion of plectasin derivative NZ2114 with hydrophilic random coil polypeptide: Recombinant production in Pichia pastoris and antimicrobial activity against clinical strain MRSA. Biopolymers 2017; 110. [PMID: 28608428 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
One of the roadblocks towards the practical use of antimicrobial peptides for medical use is their relatively high cost when synthesized chemically. Effective recombinant production has only been successful in some cases, such as the previously reported production in Pichia pastoris of the antimicrobial plectasin derivative peptide NZ2114. The same production host has also been used extensively to produce so-called protein-polymers: sequences that consist of repetitions of simple amino acid motifs found in structural proteins such as collagen and elastin, and that can be designed to self-assemble in micelles, fibers and hydrogels. With the eventual goal of producing recombinant biomaterials such as antimicrobial protein polymer, we here explore the secreted production in Pichia pastoris of a fusion of NZ2114 with a hydrophilic random coil protein polymer CP4 . The intact NZ2114-CP4 fusion copolymer was produced with a yield of purified protein on the order of 1 g.L-1 supernatant. We find that purified NZ2114-CP4 has an activity against clinical strain MRSA, but very much lower than activity of chemically synthesized NZ2114. We conclude that possibly, the activity of NZ2114 is impaired by the C-terminal attachment to the protein polymer chain, but other reasons for the low activity cannot yet be excluded either. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Lima
- Centro de Análises, Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - R de Vries
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L S Biswaro
- Centro de Análises, Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - I M Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - O L Franco
- Centro de Análises, Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- S-Inova, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - S C Dias
- Centro de Análises, Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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12
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Liu B, Wang T, Xiao L, Zhang G, Li G, Luo J, Liu X. A directed self-assembly quasi-spider silk protein expressed in Pichia pastoris. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1327823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Jian, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Jian, P.R. China
| | - Liyan Xiao
- School of Foreign Languages, Jinggangshan University, Jian, P.R. China
| | - Guilan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Jian, P.R. China
| | - Guangshen Li
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Jian, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhi Luo
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Jian, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Jian, P.R. China
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13
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Ozaki H, Koga T. Network Formation and Mechanical Properties of Telechelic Associating Polymers with Fixed Junction Multiplicity. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201600076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Ozaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koga
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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14
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Domeradzka NE, Werten MWT, de Wolf FA, de Vries R. Cross-Linking and Bundling of Self-Assembled Protein-Based Polymer Fibrils via Heterodimeric Coiled Coils. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3893-3901. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia E. Domeradzka
- Wageningen UR
Food and Biobased Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc W. T. Werten
- Wageningen UR
Food and Biobased Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A. de Wolf
- Wageningen UR
Food and Biobased Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renko de Vries
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Ozaki H, Koga T. Theoretical Study of Network Formation and Mechanical Properties of Physical Gels with a Well-Defined Junction Structure. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7745-53. [PMID: 27431804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A statistical-mechanical theory of thermoreversible gelation considering loops for the system consisting of bifunctional polymer units carrying A functional groups and trifunctional units carrying B functional groups at their ends is constructed. We obtain the sol-gel transition line and the properties of the post-gel region as functions of the polymer concentration, temperature, association constant, and loop parameter using the present theory. In this article, we calculate the number concentration of elastically effective chains in the gel region and obtain the shear modulus by an application of the phantom network theory. The shear modulus obtained by this theory is lower than that obtained by conventional theory because of loop formation. We find that these theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Ozaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koga
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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16
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Pham TTH, van der Gucht J, Mieke Kleijn J, Cohen Stuart MA. Reversible polypeptide hydrogels from asymmetric telechelics with temperature-dependent and Ni(2+)-dependent connectors. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:4979-4984. [PMID: 27152875 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00218h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric ('hybrid') triblock polypeptide TR4H with two different, orthogonally self-assembling end blocks has been constructed by conjugating a long (37 kDa) random coil block (R4) with a triple helix former T = (Pro-Gly-Pro)9 at the N terminus, and a histidine hexamer ('Histag', H) at the C terminus. This molecule can form trimers at room temperature by assembly of the T blocks, which can in turn assemble upon addition of Ni(2+), by association of Ni complexes involving the H block. This results in reversible hydrogels with dual responsiveness. We have studied mechanical properties of these gels, and compared them to gels formed by the symmetric triblock TR8T which is equivalent to a dimer of TR4H, but can only form triple helix-based networks. We find that there is an optimum mole ratio for Ni(2+) with respect to the polypeptide of about 1; gels are weaker at both lower and higher Ni(2+) dose. At the optimum dose, the high-frequency storage modulus is in between the value expected for nickel-induced dimerization and trimerization of the H blocks. We also find that the gels relax on time scales of about 50 s, which is two orders of magnitude faster than for TR8T gels, implying that relaxation is dominated by the dynamics of the Ni(2+) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao T H Pham
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Domeradzka NE, Werten MWT, de Vries R, de Wolf FA. Production in Pichia pastoris of complementary protein-based polymers with heterodimer-forming WW and PPxY domains. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:105. [PMID: 27286861 PMCID: PMC4902918 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Specific coupling of de novo designed recombinant protein polymers for the construction of precisely structured nanomaterials is of interest for applications in biomedicine, pharmaceutics and diagnostics. An attractive coupling strategy is to incorporate specifically interacting peptides into the genetic design of the protein polymers. An example of such interaction is the binding of particular proline-rich ligands by so-called WW-domains. In this study, we investigated whether these domains can be produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris as part of otherwise non-interacting protein polymers, and whether they bring about polymer coupling upon mixing. Results We constructed two variants of a highly hydrophilic protein-based polymer that differ only in their C-terminal extensions. One carries a C-terminal WW domain, and the other a C-terminal proline-rich ligand (PPxY). Both polymers were produced in P.pastoris with a purified protein yield of more than 2 g L−1 of cell-free broth. The proline-rich module was found to be O-glycosylated, and uncommonly a large portion of the attached oligosaccharides was phosphorylated. Glycosylation was overcome by introducing a Ser → Ala mutation in the PPxY peptide. Tryptophan fluorescence monitored during titration of the polymer containing the WW domain with either the glycosylated or nonglycosylated PPxY-containing polymer revealed binding. The complementary polymers associated with a Kd of ~3 µM, regardless of glycosylation state of the PPxY domain. Binding was confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry, with a Kd of ~9 µM. Conclusions This article presents a blueprint for the production in P. pastoris of protein polymers that can be coupled using the noncovalent interaction between WW domains and proline-rich ligands. The availability of this highly specific coupling tool will hereafter allow us to construct various supramolecular structures and biomaterials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0498-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia E Domeradzka
- Wageningen UR Food and Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc W T Werten
- Wageningen UR Food and Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Renko de Vries
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A de Wolf
- Wageningen UR Food and Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Kumar A, Lowe CP, Cohen Stuart MA, Bolhuis PG. Trigger sequence can influence final morphology in the self-assembly of asymmetric telechelic polymers. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:2095-2107. [PMID: 26754000 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01453k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on a numerical study of polymer network formation of asymmetric biomimetic telechelic polymers with two reactive ends based on a self-assembling collagen, elastin or silk-like polypeptide sequence. The two reactive ends of the polymer can be activated independently using physicochemical triggers such as temperature and pH. We show, using a simple coarse grained model that the order in which this triggering occurs influences the final morphology. For both of collagen-silk and elastin-silk topologies we find that for relatively short connector chains the morphology of the assembly is greatly influenced by the order of the trigger, whereas for longer chains the equilibrium situation is more easily achieved. Moreover, self-assembly is greatly enhanced at moderate collagen interaction strength, due to facilitated binding and unbinding of the peptides. This finding indicates that both the trigger sequence and strength can be used to steer self-assembly in these biomimetic polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatish Kumar
- Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Pham TTH, Snijkers F, Storm IM, de Wolf FA, Cohen Stuart MA, van der Gucht J. Physical and mechanical properties of thermosensitive xanthan/collagen-inspired protein composite hydrogels. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1074904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Domeradzka NE, Werten MWT, de Vries R, de Wolf FA. Production in Pichia pastoris of protein-based polymers with small heterodimer-forming blocks. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:953-60. [PMID: 26479855 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Some combinations of leucine zipper peptides are capable of forming α-helical heterodimeric coiled coils with very high affinity. These can be used as physical cross-linkers in the design of protein-based polymers that form supramolecular structures, for example hydrogels, upon mixing solutions containing the complementary blocks. Such two-component physical networks are of interest for many applications in biomedicine, pharmaceutics, and diagnostics. This article describes the efficient secretory production of A and B type leucine zipper peptides fused to protein-based polymers in Pichia pastoris. By adjusting the fermentation conditions, we were able to significantly reduce undesirable proteolytic degradation. The formation of A-B heterodimers in mixtures of the purified products was confirmed by size exclusion chromatography. Our results demonstrate that protein-based polymers incorporating functional heterodimer-forming blocks can be produced with P. pastoris in sufficient quantities for use in future supramolecular self-assembly studies and in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia E Domeradzka
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc W T Werten
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Renko de Vries
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A de Wolf
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Wilson M, Rabinovitch A, Baljon ARC. Computational Study of the Structure and Rheological Properties of Self-Associating Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Avinoam Rabinovitch
- Department
of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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22
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Rombouts WH, de Kort DW, Pham TTH, van Mierlo CPM, Werten MWT, de Wolf FA, van der Gucht J. Reversible Temperature-Switching of Hydrogel Stiffness of Coassembled, Silk-Collagen-Like Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2506-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolf H. Rombouts
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan W. de Kort
- TI-COAST, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thao T. H. Pham
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marc W. T. Werten
- Wageningen
UR Food
and Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden
9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A. de Wolf
- Wageningen
UR Food
and Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden
9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Cingil HE, Rombouts WH, van der Gucht J, Cohen Stuart MA, Sprakel J. Equivalent Pathways in Melting and Gelation of Well-Defined Biopolymer Networks. Biomacromolecules 2014; 16:304-10. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5015014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hande E. Cingil
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry
and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wolf H. Rombouts
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry
and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry
and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A. Cohen Stuart
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry
and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry
and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Desai MS, Lee SW. Protein-based functional nanomaterial design for bioengineering applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 7:69-97. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malav S. Desai
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA USA
- Physical Biosciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA USA
| | - Seung-Wuk Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA USA
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25
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Sayin E, Baran ET, Hasirci V. Protein-based materials in load-bearing tissue-engineering applications. Regen Med 2014; 9:687-701. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins such as collagen and elastin are robust molecules that constitute nanocomponents in the hierarchically organized ultrastructures of bone and tendon as well as in some of the soft tissues that have load-bearing functions. In the present paper, the macromolecular structure and function of the proteins are reviewed and the potential of mammalian and non-mammalian proteins in the engineering of load-bearing tissue substitutes are discussed. Chimeric proteins have become an important structural biomaterial source and their potential in tissue engineering is highlighted. Processing of proteins challenge investigators and in this review rapid prototyping and microfabrication are proposed as methods for obtaining precisely defined custom-built tissue engineered structures with intrinsic microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Sayin
- METU, Department of Biotechnology, Ankara, Turkey
- BIOMATEN, METU Center of Excellence in Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Erkan Türker Baran
- BIOMATEN, METU Center of Excellence in Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- METU, Department of Biotechnology, Ankara, Turkey
- BIOMATEN, METU Center of Excellence in Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- METU, Departments of Biological Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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26
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Włodarczyk-Biegun MK, Werten MW, de Wolf FA, van den Beucken JJ, Leeuwenburgh SC, Kamperman M, Cohen Stuart MA. Genetically engineered silk-collagen-like copolymer for biomedical applications: production, characterization and evaluation of cellular response. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3620-9. [PMID: 24814883 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered protein polymers (GEPP) are a class of multifunctional materials with precisely controlled molecular structure and property profile. Representing a promising alternative for currently used materials in biomedical applications, GEPP offer multiple benefits over natural and chemically synthesized polymers. However, producing them in sufficient quantities for preclinical research remains challenging. Here, we present results from an in vitro cellular response study of a recombinant protein polymer that is soluble at low pH but self-organizes into supramolecular fibers and physical hydrogels at neutral pH. It has a triblock structure denoted as C2S(H)48C2, which consists of hydrophilic collagen-inspired and histidine-rich silk-inspired blocks. The protein was successfully produced by the yeast Pichia pastoris in laboratory-scale bioreactors, and it was purified by selective precipitation. This efficient and inexpensive production method provided material of sufficient quantities, purity and sterility for cell culture study. Rheology and erosion studies showed that it forms hydrogels exhibiting long-term stability, self-healing behavior and tunable mechanical properties. Primary rat bone marrow cells cultured in direct contact with these hydrogels remained fully viable; however, proliferation and mineralization were relatively low compared to collagen hydrogel controls, probably because of the absence of cell-adhesive motifs. As biofunctional factors can be readily incorporated to improve material performance, our approach provides a promising route towards biomedical applications.
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27
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Rombouts WH, Giesbers M, van Lent J, de Wolf FA, van der Gucht J. Synergistic Stiffening in Double-Fiber Networks. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1233-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401810w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolf H. Rombouts
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Giesbers
- Wageningen
Electron Microscopy Centre, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Lent
- Wageningen
Electron Microscopy Centre, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A. de Wolf
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Golinska MD, Włodarczyk-Biegun MK, Werten MWT, Stuart MAC, de Wolf FA, de Vries R. Dilute Self-Healing Hydrogels of Silk-Collagen-Like Block Copolypeptides at Neutral pH. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:699-706. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401682n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika D. Golinska
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Małgorzata K. Włodarczyk-Biegun
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc W. T. Werten
- Wageningen
UR
Food and Biobased Research, Bornse
Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A. Cohen Stuart
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A. de Wolf
- Wageningen
UR
Food and Biobased Research, Bornse
Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renko de Vries
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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29
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30
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31
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Stephanopoulos N, Ortony JH, Stupp SI. Self-Assembly for the Synthesis of Functional Biomaterials. ACTA MATERIALIA 2013; 61:912-930. [PMID: 23457423 PMCID: PMC3580867 DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of self-assembly for the construction of functional biomaterials is a highly promising and exciting area of research, with great potential for the treatment of injury or disease. By using multiple noncovalent interactions, coded into the molecular design of the constituent components, self-assembly allows for the construction of complex, adaptable, and highly tunable materials with potent biological effects. This review describes some of the seminal advances in the use of self-assembly to make novel systems for regenerative medicine and biology. Materials based on peptides, proteins, DNA, or hybrids thereof have found application in the treatment of a wide range of injuries and diseases, and this review outlines the design principles and practical applications of these systems. Most of the examples covered focus on the synthesis of hydrogels for the scaffolding or transplantation of cells, with an emphasis on the biological, mechanical, and structural properties of the resulting materials. In addition, we will discuss the distinct advantages conferred by self-assembly (compared with traditional covalent materials), and present some of the challenges and opportunities for the next generation of self-assembled biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Stephanopoulos
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior St., Suite 11-131, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Julia H. Ortony
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior St., Suite 11-131, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior St., Suite 11-131, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Golinska MD, Pham TTH, Werten MWT, de Wolf FA, Cohen Stuart MA, van der Gucht J. Fibril Formation by pH and Temperature Responsive Silk-Elastin Block Copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2012; 14:48-55. [DOI: 10.1021/bm3011775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika D. Golinska
- Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Thao T. H. Pham
- Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The
Netherlands
- Foundation FOM, Van Vollenhovenlaan 659,
NL-3527 JP Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc W. T. Werten
- Wageningen UR Food and Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG
Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A. de Wolf
- Wageningen UR Food and Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG
Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A. Cohen Stuart
- Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The
Netherlands
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33
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Hernandez-Garcia A, Werten MWT, Stuart MC, de Wolf FA, de Vries R. Coating of single DNA molecules by genetically engineered protein diblock copolymers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:3491-3501. [PMID: 22865731 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Coating DNA is an effective way to modulate its physical properties and interactions. Current chemosynthetic polymers form DNA aggregates with random size and shape. In this study, monodisperse protein diblock copolymers are produced at high yield in recombinant yeast. They carry a large hydrophilic colloidal block (≈400 amino acids) linked to a short binding block (≈12 basic amino acids). It is demonstrated that these protein polymers complex single DNA molecules as highly stable nanorods, reminiscent of cylindrical viruses. It is proposed that inter- and intramolecular bridging of DNA molecules are prevented completely by the small size of the binding block attached to the large colloidal stability block. These protein diblocks serve as a scaffold that can be tuned for application in DNA-based nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Hernandez-Garcia
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, John F. Kennedylaan 2, 5612 AB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Silva CIF, Skrzeszewska PJ, Golinska MD, Werten MWT, Eggink G, de Wolf FA. Tuning of Collagen Triple-Helix Stability in Recombinant Telechelic Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1250-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300323q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I. F. Silva
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen,
The Netherlands
| | - Paulina J. Skrzeszewska
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry
and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monika D. Golinska
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen,
The Netherlands
| | - Marc W. T. Werten
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Eggink
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen,
The Netherlands
| | - Frits A. de Wolf
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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35
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36
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Appel EA, del Barrio J, Loh XJ, Scherman OA. Supramolecular polymeric hydrogels. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6195-214. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35264h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 865] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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37
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Gomes S, Leonor IB, Mano JF, Reis RL, Kaplan DL. Natural and Genetically Engineered Proteins for Tissue Engineering. Prog Polym Sci 2012; 37:1-17. [PMID: 22058578 PMCID: PMC3207498 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of traditionally used autografts, allografts and, to a lesser extent, synthetic materials, there is the need to develop a new generation of scaffolds with adequate mechanical and structural support, control of cell attachment, migration, proliferation and differentiation and with bio-resorbable features. This suite of properties would allow the body to heal itself at the same rate as implant degradation. Genetic engineering offers a route to this level of control of biomaterial systems. The possibility of expressing biological components in nature and to modify or bioengineer them further, offers a path towards multifunctional biomaterial systems. This includes opportunities to generate new protein sequences, new self-assembling peptides or fusions of different bioactive domains or protein motifs. New protein sequences with tunable properties can be generated that can be used as new biomaterials. In this review we address some of the most frequently used proteins for tissue engineering and biomedical applications and describe the techniques most commonly used to functionalize protein-based biomaterials by combining them with bioactive molecules to enhance biological performance. We also highlight the use of genetic engineering, for protein heterologous expression and the synthesis of new protein-based biopolymers, focusing the advantages of these functionalized biopolymers when compared with their counterparts extracted directly from nature and modified by techniques such as physical adsorption or chemical modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Gomes
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
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38
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Wilson M, Rabinovitch A, Baljon ARC. Aggregation kinetics of a simulated telechelic polymer. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:061801. [PMID: 22304109 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.061801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the aggregation kinetics of a simulated telechelic polymer gel. In the hybrid molecular dynamics (MD)/Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm, aggregates of associating end groups form and break according to MC rules, while the position of the polymers in space is dictated by MD. As a result, the aggregate sizes change over time. In order to describe this aggregation process, we employ master equations. They define changes in the number of aggregates of a certain size in terms of reaction rates. These reaction rates indicate the likelihood that two aggregates combine to form a large one, or that a large aggregate splits into two smaller parts. The reaction rates are obtained from the simulations for a range of temperatures. Our results indicate that the rates are not only temperature dependent, but also a function of the sizes of the aggregates involved in the reaction. Using the measured rates, solutions to the master equations are shown to be stable and in agreement with the aggregate size distribution, as obtained directly from simulation data. Furthermore, we show how temperature-induced variations in these rates give rise to the observed changes in the aggregate distribution that characterizes the sol-gel transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wilson
- Department of Computational Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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Silva CIF, Teles H, Moers APHA, Eggink G, de Wolf FA, Werten MWT. Secreted production of collagen-inspired gel-forming polymers with high thermal stability in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:2517-25. [PMID: 21656708 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that gel-forming triblock proteins, consisting of random coil middle blocks and trimer-forming (Pro-Gly-Pro)(9) end blocks, are efficiently produced and secreted by the yeast Pichia pastoris. These end blocks had a melting temperature (T(m)) of ∼41°C (at 1.1 mM of protein). The present work reveals that an increase of T(m) to ∼74°C, obtained by extension of the end blocks to (Pro-Gly-Pro)(16), resulted in a five times lower yield and partial endoproteolytic degradation of the protein. A possible cause could be that the higher thermostability of the longer (Pro-Gly-Pro)(16) trimers leads to a higher incidence of trimers in the cell, and that this disturbs secretion of the protein. Alternatively, the increased length of the proline-rich (Pro-Gly-Pro)(n) domain may negatively influence ribosomal translation, or may result in, for example, hydrophobic aggregation or membrane-active behavior owing to the greater number of closely placed proline residues. To discriminate between these possibilities, we studied the production of molecules with randomized end blocks that are unable to form triple helices. The codon- and amino acid composition of the genes and proteins, respectively, remained unchanged. As these nontrimerizing molecules were secreted intact and at high yield, we conclude that the impaired secretion and partial degradation of the triblock with (Pro-Gly-Pro)(16) end blocks was triggered by the occurrence of intracellular triple helices. This degradation was overcome by using a yapsin 1 protease disruptant, and the intact secreted polymer was capable of forming self-supporting gels of high thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I F Silva
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Skrzeszewska PJ, Jong LN, de Wolf FA, Cohen Stuart MA, van der Gucht J. Shape-memory effects in biopolymer networks with collagen-like transient nodes. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2285-92. [PMID: 21534622 DOI: 10.1021/bm2003626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this article we study shape-memory behavior of hydrogels, formed by biodegradable and biocompatible recombinant telechelic polypeptides, with collagen-like end blocks and a random coil-like middle block. The programmed shape of these hydrogels was achieved by chemical cross-linking of lysine residues present in the random coil. This led to soft networks, which can be stretched up to 200% and "pinned" in a temporary shape by lowering the temperature and allowing the collagen-like end blocks to assemble into physical nodes. The deformed shape of the hydrogel can be maintained, at room temperature, for several days, or relaxed within a few minutes upon heating to 50 °C or higher. The presented hydrogels could return to their programmed shape even after several thermomechanical cycles, indicating that they remember the programmed shape. The kinetics of shape recovery at different temperatures was studied in more detail and analyzed using a mechanical model composed of two springs and a dashpot.
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Stahl PJ, Romano NH, Wirtz D, Yu SM. PEG-based hydrogels with collagen mimetic peptide-mediated and tunable physical cross-links. Biomacromolecules 2011; 11:2336-44. [PMID: 20715762 DOI: 10.1021/bm100465q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of tissue scaffolds have major effects on the morphology and differentiation of cells. In contrast to two-dimensional substrates, local biochemical and mechanical properties of three-dimensional hydrogels are difficult to control due to the geometrical confinement. We designed synthetic 3D hydrogels featuring complexes of four-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) that form hydrogels via physical cross-links mediated by thermally reversible triple helical assembly of CMPs. Here we present the fabrication of various PEG-CMP 3D hydrogels and their local mechanical properties determined by particle tracking microrheology. Results show that CMP mediated physical cross-links can be disrupted by altering the temperature of the gel or by adding free CMPs that compete for triple helix formation. This allowed modulation of both bulk and local stiffness as well as the creation of stiffness gradients within the PEG-CMP hydrogel, which demonstrates its potential as a novel scaffold for encoding physicochemical signals for tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Stahl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Johns Hopkins Physical Science Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Olsen BD, Kornfield JA, Tirrell DA. Yielding Behavior in Injectable Hydrogels from Telechelic Proteins. Macromolecules 2010; 43:9094-9099. [PMID: 21221427 PMCID: PMC3017468 DOI: 10.1021/ma101434a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels show substantial promise for use in minimally invasive tissue engineering and drug delivery procedures.1,2 A new injectable hydrogel material, developed from recombinant telechelic proteins expressed in E. coli, demonstrates shear thinning by three orders of magnitude at large strains. Large amplitude oscillatory shear illustrates that shear thinning is due to yielding within the bulk of the gel, and the rheological response and flow profiles are consistent with a shear-banding mechanism for yielding. The sharp yielding transition and large magnitude of the apparent shear thinning allow gels to be injected through narrow gauge needles with only gentle hand pressure. After injection the gels reset to full elastic strength in seconds due to rapid reformation of the physical network junctions, allowing self-supporting structures to be formed. The shear thinning and recovery behavior is largely independent of the midblock length, enabling genetic engineering to be used to control the equilibrium modulus of the gel without loss of the characteristic yielding behavior. The shear-banding mechanism localizes deformation during flow into narrow regions of the gels, allowing more than 95% of seeded cells to survive the injection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley D. Olsen
- California Institute of Technology Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Julia A. Kornfield
- California Institute of Technology Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - David A. Tirrell
- California Institute of Technology Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, CA 91125
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Teles H, Vermonden T, Eggink G, Hennink W, de Wolf F. Hydrogels of collagen-inspired telechelic triblock copolymers for the sustained release of proteins. J Control Release 2010; 147:298-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Przybyla DE, Chmielewski J. Higher-Order Assembly of Collagen Peptides into Nano- and Microscale Materials. Biochemistry 2010; 49:4411-9. [PMID: 20415447 DOI: 10.1021/bi902129p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David E. Przybyla
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jean Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Erk KA, Henderson KJ, Shull KR. Strain Stiffening in Synthetic and Biopolymer Networks. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1358-63. [DOI: 10.1021/bm100136y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra A. Erk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Kevin J. Henderson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Kenneth R. Shull
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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Skrzeszewska PJ, Sprakel J, de Wolf FA, Fokkink R, Cohen Stuart MA, van der Gucht J. Fracture and Self-Healing in a Well-Defined Self-Assembled Polymer Network. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina J. Skrzeszewska
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University and Research Center, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Frits A. de Wolf
- Biobased Products, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Center, Bornsesteeg 59, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Fokkink
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University and Research Center, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A. Cohen Stuart
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University and Research Center, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University and Research Center, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Moers APHA, Wolbert EJH, de Wolf FA, Werten MWT. Secreted production of self-assembling peptides in Pichia pastoris by fusion to an artificial highly hydrophilic protein. J Biotechnol 2010; 146:66-73. [PMID: 20097239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The undecapeptides CH(3)CO-Gln-Gln-Arg-Phe-Gln-Trp-Gln-Phe-Glu-Gln-Gln-NH(2) (P(11)-2) and CH(3)CO-Gln-Gln-Orn-Phe-Orn-Trp-Orn-Phe-Orn-Gln-Gln-NH(2) (P(11)-14) have unique self-assembly characteristics and broad application potential. Originally, these peptides were produced by chemical synthesis, which is costly and difficult to scale up to industrial levels in an economically feasible way. This article describes the efficient secreted production of these peptides (with free termini and ornithines replaced with lysines) in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The peptides were produced as enterokinase-cleavable fusions to the C-terminus of an artificial Solubility-Enhancing Protein (SEP). In vitro, the fused highly hydrophilic SEP proved to prevent self-assembly of the peptides. The SEP domain also facilitates product detection and allows convenient separation of the fusion protein from the broth by simple salt precipitation. After cleavage of the purified fusion protein with enterokinase, the free undecapeptides were obtained and P(11)-2 spontaneously assembled into a self-supporting gel, as intended. The properties of the SEP carrier could be advantageous for the production of other peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine P H A Moers
- Biobased Products, Agrotechnology & Food Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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