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Rizzo S, Varache M, Sayers EJ, Jones AT, Tonks A, Thomas DW, Ferguson EL. Modification of the Antibiotic, Colistin, with Dextrin Causes Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Triggers Apoptosis in Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5419-5437. [PMID: 38868592 PMCID: PMC11166864 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s449185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains difficult to treat due to its heterogeneity in molecular landscape, epigenetics and cell signaling alterations. Precision medicine is a major goal in AML therapy towards developing agents that can be used to treat patients with different 'subtypes' in combination with current chemotherapies. We have previously developed dextrin-colistin conjugates to combat the rise in multi-drug resistant bacterial infections and overcome dose-limiting nephrotoxicity. Recent evidence of colistin's anticancer activity, mediated through inhibition of intracellular lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A), suggests that dextrin-colistin conjugates could be used to treat cancer cells, including AML. This study aimed to evaluate whether dextrin conjugation (which reduces in vivo toxicity and prolongs plasma half-life) could enhance colistin's cytotoxic effects in myeloid leukemia cell lines and compare the intracellular uptake and localization of the free and conjugated antibiotic. Results Our results identified a conjugate (containing 8000 g/mol dextrin with 1 mol% succinoylation) that caused significantly increased toxicity in myeloid leukemia cells, compared to free colistin. Dextrin conjugation altered the mechanism of cell death by colistin, from necrosis to caspase 3/7-dependent apoptosis. In contrast, conjugation via a reversible ester linker, instead of an amide, had no effect on the mechanism of the colistin-induced cell death. Live cell confocal microscopy of fluorescently labelled compounds showed both free and dextrin-conjugated colistins were endocytosed and co-localized in lysosomes, and increasing the degree of modification by succinoylation of dextrin significantly reduced colistin internalization. Discussion Whilst clinical translation of dextrin-colistin conjugates for the treatment of AML is unlikely due to the potential to promote antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the relatively high colistin concentrations required for anticancer activity, the ability to potentiate the effectiveness of an anticancer drug by polymer conjugation, while reducing side effects and improving biodistribution of the drug, is very attractive, and this approach warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân Rizzo
- Advanced Therapies Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mathieu Varache
- Advanced Therapies Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Edward J Sayers
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David W Thomas
- Advanced Therapies Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elaine L Ferguson
- Advanced Therapies Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Jiang H, Zhang S, Chen Y, Wang F, Jiang W. Preparation and characterization of curdlan-chitosan conjugate nanoparticles as mucosal adjuvants for intranasal influenza H1N1 subunit vaccine. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131289. [PMID: 38570002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Intranasal vaccination offers crucial protection against influenza virus pandemics. However, antigens, especially subunit antigens, often fail to induce effective immune responses without the help of immune adjuvants. Our research has demonstrated that a polyelectrolyte complex, composed of curdlan sulfate/O-(2-hydroxyl) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride (CS/O-HTCC), effectively triggers both mucosal and systemic immune responses when administrated intranasal. In this study, stable nanoparticles formed by curdlan-O-HTCC conjugate (CO NP) were prepared and characterized. Furthermore, the efficacy of CO NP was evaluated as a mucosal adjuvant in an intranasal influenza H1N1 subunit vaccine. The results revealed that CO NP exhibits uniform and spherical morphology, with a size of 190.53 ± 4.22 nm, and notably, it remains stable in PBS at 4 °C for up to 6 weeks. Biological evaluation demonstrated that CO NP stimulates the activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, intranasal administration of CO NP effectively elicits cellular and humoral immune responses, notably enhancing mucosal immunity. Thus, CO NP emerges as a promising mucosal adjuvant for influenza subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Clinical Trial Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yipan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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Hunt NJ, Lockwood GP, Heffernan SJ, Daymond J, Ngu M, Narayanan RK, Westwood LJ, Mohanty B, Esser L, Williams CC, Kuncic Z, McCourt PAG, Le Couteur DG, Cogger VC. Oral nanotherapeutic formulation of insulin with reduced episodes of hypoglycaemia. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:534-544. [PMID: 38168926 PMCID: PMC11026164 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Injectable insulin is an extensively used medication with potential life-threatening hypoglycaemic events. Here we report on insulin-conjugated silver sulfide quantum dots coated with a chitosan/glucose polymer to produce a responsive oral insulin nanoformulation. This formulation is pH responsive, is insoluble in acidic environments and shows increased absorption in human duodenum explants and Caenorhabditis elegans at neutral pH. The formulation is sensitive to glucosidase enzymes to trigger insulin release. It is found that the formulation distributes to the liver in mice and rats after oral administration and promotes a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose without promoting hypoglycaemia or weight gain in diabetic rodents. Non-diabetic baboons also show a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose. No biochemical or haematological toxicity or adverse events were observed in mice, rats and non-human primates. The formulation demonstrates the potential to orally control blood glucose without hypoglycaemic episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hunt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney Local Health District (SLHD), Concord, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Glen P Lockwood
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney Local Health District (SLHD), Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott J Heffernan
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, SLHD, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jarryd Daymond
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Business School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meng Ngu
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney Local Health District (SLHD), Concord, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, SLHD, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ramesh K Narayanan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney Local Health District (SLHD), Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lara J Westwood
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney Local Health District (SLHD), Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Biswaranjan Mohanty
- Sydney Analytical Core Research Facility, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lars Esser
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Zdenka Kuncic
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A G McCourt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney Local Health District (SLHD), Concord, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney Local Health District (SLHD), Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney Local Health District (SLHD), Concord, New South Wales, Australia.
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Javaid MA, Jabeen S, Arshad N, Zia KM, Hussain MT, Bhatti IA, Iqbal A, Ahmad S, Ullah I. Development of amylopectin based polyurethanes for sustained drug release studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125224. [PMID: 37285893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this research work, the crosslinked structure of polyurethane has been exploited for sustained drug delivery. Polyurethane composites have been prepared by the reaction of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and polycaprolactone diol (PCL), which were further extended by varying the mole ratios of amylopectin (AMP) and 1,4-butane diol (1,4-BDO) chain extenders. The progress and completion of the reaction of polyurethane (PU) were confirmed using Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic techniques. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis showed that the molecular weights of prepared polymers were increased with the addition of amylopectin into the PU matrix. The molecular weight of AS-4 (Mw ≈ 99,367) was found threefold as compared to amylopectin-free PU (Mw ≈ 37,968). Thermal degradation analysis was done using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and inferred that AS-5 showed stability up to 600 °C which was the maximum among all PUs because AMP has a large number of -OH units for linking with prepolymer resulting in a more cross-linked structure which improved the thermal stability of the AS-5 sample. The samples prepared with AMP showed less drug release (<53 %) as compared to the PU sample prepared without AMP (AS-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Javaid
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Noureen Arshad
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan; Liberty Mills Limited, Karachi 75700, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Hussain
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan.
| | - Ijaz Ahmed Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Amer Iqbal
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Saliha Ahmad
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Inam Ullah
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
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Tuncaboylu DC, Wischke C. Opportunities and Challenges of Switchable Materials for Pharmaceutical Use. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2331. [PMID: 36365149 PMCID: PMC9696173 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Switchable polymeric materials, which can respond to triggering signals through changes in their properties, have become a major research focus for parenteral controlled delivery systems. They may enable externally induced drug release or delivery that is adaptive to in vivo stimuli. Despite the promise of new functionalities using switchable materials, several of these concepts may need to face challenges associated with clinical use. Accordingly, this review provides an overview of various types of switchable polymers responsive to different types of stimuli and addresses opportunities and challenges that may arise from their application in biomedicine.
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Antonio LC, Ribovski L, Pincela Lins PM, Zucolotto V. The amount of dextran in PLGA nanocarriers modulates protein corona and promotes cell membrane damage. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8282-8294. [PMID: 36155711 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01296k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanocarriers (NCs) are efficient vehicles to prevent drug unspecific biodistribution and increase the drug amounts delivered to tumor tissues. However, some toxicological aspects of NCs still lack a comprehensive assessment, such as their effects on cellular processes that lead to toxicity. We evaluate the interaction of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NCs prepared using dextran (Dex) and Pluronic®-F127 as stabilizing agents with myocardial cells (H9C2), breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) and macrophages (RAW 264.7) to address the effect of Dex in PLGA NC formulations. By an emulsion diffusion method, doxorubicin-loaded NCs were prepared with no Dex (PLGA-DOX), 1% (w/v) Dex (Dex1/PLGA-DOX) and 5% (w/v) Dex (Dex5/PLGA-DOX). Uptake analyses revealed a significant reduction in Dex5/PLGA-DOX NC uptake by H9C2 and MCF-7, as in the case of Dex1/PLGA-DOX NCs in the absence of in vitro protein corona, revealing an effect of dextran concentration on the formation of protein corona. RAW 264.7 cells presented a greater uptake of Dex5/PLGA-DOX NCs than the other NCs likely because of receptor mediated endocytosis, since C-type lectins like SIGN-R1, mannose receptors and scavenger receptor type 1 that are expressed in RAW 264.7 can mediate Dex uptake. Despite the lower uptake, Dex5/PLGA-DOX NCs promote the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative membrane damage in MCF-7 and H9C2 even though cellular metabolic activity assessed by MTT was comparable among all the NCs. Our results highlight the importance of an in-depth investigation of the NC-cell interaction considering additional mechanisms of damage apart from metabolic variations, as nanoparticle-induced damage is not limited to imbalance in metabolic processes, but also associated with other mechanisms, e.g., membrane and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Corsi Antonio
- University of São Paulo, Physics Institute of São Carlos, Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, CP 369, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís Ribovski
- University of São Paulo, Physics Institute of São Carlos, Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, CP 369, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paula Maria Pincela Lins
- University of São Paulo, Physics Institute of São Carlos, Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, CP 369, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Valtencir Zucolotto
- University of São Paulo, Physics Institute of São Carlos, Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, CP 369, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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7
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Kaupbayeva B, Murata H, Rule GS, Matyjaszewski K, Russell AJ. Rational Control of Protein-Protein Interactions with Protein-ATRP-Generated Protease-Sensitive Polymer Cages. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3831-3846. [PMID: 35984406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protease-protease interactions lie at the heart of the biological cascades that provide rapid molecular responses to living systems. Blood clotting cascades, apoptosis signaling networks, bacterial infection, and virus trafficking have all evolved to be activated and sustained by protease-protease interactions. Biomimetic strategies designed to target drugs to specific locations have generated proprotein drugs that can be activated by proteolytic cleavage to release native protein. We have previously demonstrated that the modification of enzymes with a custom-designed comb-shaped polymer nanoarmor can shield the enzyme surface and eliminate almost all protein-protein interactions. We now describe the synthesis and characterization of protease-sensitive comb-shaped nanoarmor cages using poly(ethylene glycol) [Sundy, J. S. Arthritis Rheum. 2008, 58(9), 2882-2891]methacrylate macromonomers where the PEG tines of the comb are connected to the backbone of the growing polymer chain by peptide linkers. Protease-induced cleavage of the tines of the comb releases a polymer-modified protein that can once again participate in protein-protein interactions. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was used to copolymerize the macromonomer and carboxybetaine methacrylate from initiator-labeled chymotrypsin and trypsin enzymes, yielding proprotease conjugates that retained activity toward small peptide substrates but prevented activity against proteins. Native proteases triggered the release of the PEG side chains from the polymer backbone within 20 min, thereby increasing the activity of the conjugate toward larger protein substrates by 100%. Biomimetic cascade initiation of nanoarmored protease-sensitive protein-polymer conjugates may open the door to a new class of responsive targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibifatima Kaupbayeva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan City 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Gordon S Rule
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alan J Russell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Amgen, 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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Zhang CW, Zhang JG, Yang X, Du WL, Yu ZL, Lv ZY, Mou XZ. Carbohydrates based stimulus responsive nanocarriers for cancer-targeted chemotherapy: A review of current practices. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:623-640. [PMID: 35611662 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2081320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many nanocarriers have been developed to react physicochemically to exterior stimuli like ultrasonic, light, heat, and magnetic fields, along with various internal stimuli including pH, hypoxia, enzyme, and redox potential. Nanocarriers are capable to respond various stimuli within the cancer cells to enable on-demand drug delivery, activation of bioactive compounds, controlled drug release, and targeting ligands, as well as size, charge, and conformation conversion, enabling sensing and signaling, overcoming multidrug resistance, accurate diagnosis, and precision therapy. AREAS COVERED Carbohydrates are ubiquitous biomolecules with a high proclivity for supramolecular network formation. Numerous carbohydrate-based nanomaterials have been used in biological solicitations and stimuli-based responses. Particular emphasis has been placed on the utilization of carbohydrate-based NPs and nanogels in various fields including imaging, drug administration, and tissue engineering. Because the assembly process is irreversible, carbohydrate-based systems are excellent ingredients for the development of stimulus-responsive nanocarriers for cancer-targeted chemotherapy. This review aims to summarise current research on carbohydrate-based nanomaterials, with an emphasis on stimuli-sensitive nanocarriers for cancer-targeted chemotherapy. EXPERT OPINION Carbohydrates-based stimulus-responsive nanomaterials have been proved highly efficient for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs, thus leading to effective chemotherapy with minimum off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wu Zhang
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Gang Zhang
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Clinical Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Lin Du
- Clinical Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zi-Lin Yu
- Clinical Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen-Ye Lv
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of General Surgery, Zhoushan Dinghai Central Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Clinical Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Veselov VV, Nosyrev AE, Jicsinszky L, Alyautdin RN, Cravotto G. Targeted Delivery Methods for Anticancer Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:622. [PMID: 35158888 PMCID: PMC8833699 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several drug-delivery systems have been reported on and often successfully applied in cancer therapy. Cell-targeted delivery can reduce the overall toxicity of cytotoxic drugs and increase their effectiveness and selectivity. Besides traditional liposomal and micellar formulations, various nanocarrier systems have recently become the focus of developmental interest. This review discusses the preparation and targeting techniques as well as the properties of several liposome-, micelle-, solid-lipid nanoparticle-, dendrimer-, gold-, and magnetic-nanoparticle-based delivery systems. Approaches for targeted drug delivery and systems for drug release under a range of stimuli are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery V. Veselov
- Center of Bioanalytical Investigation and Molecular Design, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya ul, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.V.); (A.E.N.)
| | - Alexander E. Nosyrev
- Center of Bioanalytical Investigation and Molecular Design, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya ul, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.V.); (A.E.N.)
| | - László Jicsinszky
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Renad N. Alyautdin
- Department of Pharmacology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy;
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya ul, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Singh N, Yadav S, Mehta SK, Dan A. In situ incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles within the carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels enables dye removal. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2022.2026788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nirbhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University – Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Saurabh Yadav
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University – Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surinder K. Mehta
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University – Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhijit Dan
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University – Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
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11
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Zhou Y, Petrova SP, Edgar KJ. Chemical synthesis of polysaccharide-protein and polysaccharide-peptide conjugates: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 274:118662. [PMID: 34702481 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are abundant natural polymers, which in nature are at times covalently modified with peptides and proteins. Polysaccharide-protein or polysaccharide-peptide conjugates, natural or otherwise, may have increased solubility, improved emulsion properties, prolonged circulation time, reduced immunogenicity, and enhanced selectivity for targeting specific tissues compared to native peptides and proteins. In this paper, we will review recent advances in synthetic methods for producing polysaccharide-protein conjugates and discuss their advantages with a focus on drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Stella P Petrova
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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12
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Khan S, Babadaei MMN, Hasan A, Edis Z, Attar F, Siddique R, Bai Q, Sharifi M, Falahati M. Enzyme-polymeric/inorganic metal oxide/hybrid nanoparticle bio-conjugates in the development of therapeutic and biosensing platforms. J Adv Res 2021; 33:227-239. [PMID: 34603792 PMCID: PMC8463903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because enzymes can control several metabolic pathways and regulate the production of free radicals, their simultaneous use with nanoplatforms showing protective and combinational properties is of great interest in the development of therapeutic nano-based platforms. However, enzyme immobilization on nanomaterials is not straightforward due to the toxic and unpredictable properties of nanoparticles in medical practice. Aim of review In fact, because of the ability to load enzymes on nano-based supports and increase their renewability, scientific groups have been tempted to create potential therapeutic enzymes in this field. Therefore, this study not only pays attention to the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of diseases by enzyme-nanoparticle (NP) bio-conjugate (abbreviated as: ENB), but also considers the importance of nanoplatforms used based on their toxicity, ease of application and lack of significant adverse effects on loaded enzymes. In the following, based on the published reports, we explained that the immobilization of enzymes on polymers, inorganic metal oxide and hybrid compounds provide hopes for potential use of ENBs in medical activities. Then, the use of ENBs in bioassay activities such as paper-based or wearing biosensors and lab-on-chip/microfluidic biosensors were evaluated. Finally, this review addresses the current challenges and future perspective of ENBs in biomedical applications. Key scientific concepts of review This literature may provide useful information regarding the application of ENBs in biosensing and therapeutic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Nejadi Babadaei
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Zehra Edis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, PO Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farnoosh Attar
- Department of Food Toxicology, Research Center of Food Technology and Agricultural Products, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Rabeea Siddique
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Majid Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Torres-Obreque KM, Meneguetti GP, Muso-Cachumba JJ, Feitosa VA, Santos JHPM, Ventura SPM, Rangel-Yagui CO. Building better biobetters: From fundamentals to industrial application. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:65-81. [PMID: 34461236 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological drugs or biopharmaceuticals off patent open a large market for biosimilars and biobetters, follow-on biologics. Biobetters, in particular, are new drugs designed from existing ones with improved properties such as higher selectivity, stability, half-life and/or lower toxicity/immunogenicity. Glycosylation is one of the most used strategies to improve biological drugs, nonetheless bioconjugation is an additional alternative and refers to the covalent attachment of polymers to biological drugs. Extensive research on novel polymers is underway, nonetheless PEGylation is still the best alternative with the longest clinical track record. Innovative trends based on genetic engineering techniques such as fusion proteins and PASylation are also promising. In this review, all these alternatives wereexplored as well as current market trends, legislation and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin M Torres-Obreque
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna P Meneguetti
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Bionanomanufacturing Center, Institute for Technological Research (IPT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge J Muso-Cachumba
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valker A Feitosa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Bionanomanufacturing Center, Institute for Technological Research (IPT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João H P M Santos
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia P M Ventura
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlota O Rangel-Yagui
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Blackman LD, Qu Y, Cass P, Locock KES. Approaches for the inhibition and elimination of microbial biofilms using macromolecular agents. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1587-1616. [PMID: 33403373 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00986e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are complex three-dimensional structures formed at interfaces by the vast majority of bacteria and fungi. These robust communities have an important detrimental impact on a wide range of industries and other facets of our daily lives, yet their removal is challenging owing to the high tolerance of biofilms towards conventional antimicrobial agents. This key issue has driven an urgent search for new innovative antibiofilm materials. Amongst these emerging approaches are highly promising materials that employ aqueous-soluble macromolecules, including peptides, proteins, synthetic polymers, and nanomaterials thereof, which exhibit a range of functionalities that can inhibit biofilm formation or detach and destroy organisms residing within established biofilms. In this Review, we outline the progress made in inhibiting and removing biofilms using macromolecular approaches, including a spotlight on cutting-edge materials that respond to environmental stimuli for "on-demand" antibiofilm activity, as well as synergistic multi-action antibiofilm materials. We also highlight materials that imitate and harness naturally derived species to achieve new and improved biomimetic and biohybrid antibiofilm materials. Finally, we share some speculative insights into possible future directions for this exciting and highly significant field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis D Blackman
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Yue Qu
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia and Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Peter Cass
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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15
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Thodikayil AT, Sharma S, Saha S. Engineering Carbohydrate-Based Particles for Biomedical Applications: Strategies to Construct and Modify. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2907-2940. [PMID: 35014384 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based micro/nanoparticles have gained significant attention for various biomedical applications such as targeted/triggered/controlled drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, etc., because of their prominent characteristics like biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, and nontoxicity as well as nonimmunogenicity. Most importantly, the ability of the nanoparticles to recognize specific cell sites by targeting cell surface receptors makes them a promising candidate for designing a targeted drug delivery system. These particles may either comprise polysaccharides/glycopolymers or be integrated with various polymeric/inorganic nanoparticles such as gold, silver, silica, iron, etc., to reduce the toxicity of the inorganic nanoparticles and thus facilitate their cellular insertion. Various synthetic methods have been developed to fabricate carbohydrate-based or carbohydrate-conjugated inorganic/polymeric nanoparticles. In this review, we have highlighted the recently developed synthetic approaches to afford carbohydrate-based particles along with their significance in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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16
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Rahim MA, Jan N, Khan S, Shah H, Madni A, Khan A, Jabar A, Khan S, Elhissi A, Hussain Z, Aziz HC, Sohail M, Khan M, Thu HE. Recent Advancements in Stimuli Responsive Drug Delivery Platforms for Active and Passive Cancer Targeting. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:670. [PMID: 33562376 PMCID: PMC7914759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor-specific targeting of chemotherapeutic agents for specific necrosis of cancer cells without affecting the normal cells poses a great challenge for researchers and scientists. Though extensive research has been carried out to investigate chemotherapy-based targeted drug delivery, the identification of the most promising strategy capable of bypassing non-specific cytotoxicity is still a major concern. Recent advancements in the arena of onco-targeted therapies have enabled safe and effective tumor-specific localization through stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems. Owing to their promising characteristic features, stimuli-responsive drug delivery platforms have revolutionized the chemotherapy-based treatments with added benefits of enhanced bioavailability and selective cytotoxicity of cancer cells compared to the conventional modalities. The insensitivity of stimuli-responsive drug delivery platforms when exposed to normal cells prevents the release of cytotoxic drugs into the normal cells and therefore alleviates the off-target events associated with chemotherapy. Contrastingly, they showed amplified sensitivity and triggered release of chemotherapeutic payload when internalized into the tumor microenvironment causing maximum cytotoxic responses and the induction of cancer cell necrosis. This review focuses on the physical stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems and chemical stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems for triggered cancer chemotherapy through active and/or passive targeting. Moreover, the review also provided a brief insight into the molecular dynamic simulations associated with stimuli-based tumor targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdur Rahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan; (M.A.R.); (N.J.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Nasrullah Jan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan; (M.A.R.); (N.J.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Safiullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan; (M.A.R.); (N.J.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Hassan Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan; (M.A.R.); (N.J.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Asadullah Madni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan; (M.A.R.); (N.J.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan; (M.A.R.); (N.J.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Abdul Jabar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Shahzeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Westville 3631, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Abdelbary Elhissi
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health and Office of VP for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar;
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates;
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (SIMHR), University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Heather C Aziz
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 45550, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Mirazam Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Hnin Ei Thu
- Research and Innovation Department, Lincolon University College, Petaling Jaya 47301, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Innoscience Research Institute, Skypark, Subang Jaya 47650, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wang H, Hou Y, Hu Y, Dou J, Shen Y, Wang Y, Lu H. Enzyme-Activatable Interferon–Poly(α-amino acid) Conjugates for Tumor Microenvironment Potentiation. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3000-3008. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiaxiang Dou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yucai Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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18
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Mohamed WA, Abd-Elhakim YM, Ismail SAA. Involvement of the anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-secretory activity of bee venom in its therapeutic effects on acetylsalicylic acid-induced gastric ulceration in rats. Toxicology 2019; 419:11-23. [PMID: 30885738 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is the most highly consumed pharmaceutical product worldwide. Importantly, gastrointestinal ulceration due to ASA is a major complication. Hence, the present work aimed to examine, for the first time, the healing properties of bee venom (BV) in acute gastric ulceration induced by ASA. Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups that received distilled water only, ASA (500 mg/kg BW) twice daily for 3 days, ASA for 3 days followed by BV (2 mg/kg BW) for 7 days, or ASA for 3 days followed by ranitidine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg BW) for 7 days. Haematological analysis, haemostatic evaluation, and inflammatory marker estimation were performed. Rat stomachs were collected for ulcer scoring, gene expression analysis, oxidative stress assays, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, and tissue eosinophil scoring. The results revealed that BV markedly decreased the ulcer index, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, malondialdehyde levels, BAX distribution, caspase-3 expression, and tissue eosinophil levels. Additionally, significant increases in antioxidant enzymes and heat shock protein 70 localization in gastric tissue were evident following BV treatment after ASA exposure. Also, BV has been found to attenuate the haematological, haemostatic, and histopathological alterations induced by ASA. Our findings collectively indicate that the gastroprotective effect of BV against ASA-induced ulceration in rats is mediated by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-secretory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa A A Ismail
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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19
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Zhang ZT, Huang-Fu MY, Xu WH, Han M. Stimulus-responsive nanoscale delivery systems triggered by the enzymes in the tumor microenvironment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 137:122-130. [PMID: 30776412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is the cellular environment that is also described as the "soil" for supporting tumor growth, proliferation, invasion and metastasis, as well as protecting tumor cells from immunological recognition. Notably, tumor cells can grow much faster than other normal organs and invade surrounding tissues more easily, which results in abnormal expression of enzymes in the tumor microenvironment, including matrix metalloproteinases, cathepsins, phospholipases, oxidoreductases, etc. In opposite, due to the high selectivity and catalytic activity, these enzymes can promote nanoparticles to recognize tumor tissues more accurately, and the more accumulation of drugs at primal tumor sites will enhance therapeutic efficacy with lower systemic toxicity. Therefore, one promising antitumor strategy is to design stimulus-responsive nanoscale delivery systems triggered by the enzymes with the support of various nanocarriers, such as liposomes, micelles and inorganic nanoparticles, etc. In this review, numerous facts were cited to summarize and discuss the typical types of enzyme-stimulus responsive nanoscale delivery systems. More importantly, we also focused on their recent advancements in antitumor therapy, and offered the direction for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Tao Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ming-Yi Huang-Fu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen-Hong Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058 China.
| | - Min Han
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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20
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Aguilera G, Berry CC, West RM, Gonzalez-Monterrubio E, Angulo-Molina A, Arias-Carrión Ó, Méndez-Rojas MÁ. Carboxymethyl cellulose coated magnetic nanoparticles transport across a human lung microvascular endothelial cell model of the blood-brain barrier. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:671-685. [PMID: 36132237 PMCID: PMC9473188 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00010g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sustained and safe delivery of therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the major challenges for the treatment of neurological disorders as this barrier limits the ability of most drug molecules to reach the brain. Targeted delivery of the drugs used to treat these disorders could potentially offer a considerable reduction of the common side effects of their treatment. The preparation and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@CMC) is reported as an alternative that meets the need for novel therapies capable of crossing the BBB. In vitro assays were used to evaluate the ability of these polysaccharide coated biocompatible, water-soluble, magnetic nanoparticles to deliver drug therapy across a model of the BBB. As a drug model, dopamine hydrochloride loading and release profiles in physiological solution were determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Cell viability tests in Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial (HLMVE) cell cultures showed no significant cell death, morphological changes or alterations in mitochondrial function after 24 and 48 h of exposure to the nanoparticles. Evidence of nanoparticle interactions and nanoparticle uptake by the cell membrane was obtained by electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) analyses. Permeability through a BBB model (the transwell assay) was evaluated to assess the ability of Fe3O4@CMC nanoparticles to be transported across a densely packed HLMVE cell barrier. The results suggest that these nanoparticles can be useful drug transport and release systems for the design of novel pharmaceutical agents for brain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Aguilera
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla Ex Hda. Sta. Catarina Mártir s/n, San Andrés Cholula 72820 Puebla Mexico +52 222 2292416 +52 222 2292607
| | - Catherine C Berry
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow Joseph Black Building, University Avenue Glasgow Scotland
| | - Rachel M West
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla Ex Hda. Sta. Catarina Mártir s/n, San Andrés Cholula 72820 Puebla Mexico +52 222 2292416 +52 222 2292607
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr Manuel Gea González Av. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Sección XVI C. P. 14080 Mexico City Mexico +52 55 52115199 +52 155 26849064
| | - Enrique Gonzalez-Monterrubio
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla Ex Hda. Sta. Catarina Mártir s/n, San Andrés Cholula 72820 Puebla Mexico +52 222 2292416 +52 222 2292607
| | - Aracely Angulo-Molina
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas/DIFUS, Universidad de Sonora Luis Encinas y Rosales, s/n Colonia Centro, 83000 Hermosillo Sonora Mexico
| | - Óscar Arias-Carrión
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr Manuel Gea González Av. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Sección XVI C. P. 14080 Mexico City Mexico +52 55 52115199 +52 155 26849064
| | - Miguel Ángel Méndez-Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla Ex Hda. Sta. Catarina Mártir s/n, San Andrés Cholula 72820 Puebla Mexico +52 222 2292416 +52 222 2292607
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21
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Muller SP, Silva VAO, Silvestrini AVP, de Macedo LH, Caetano GF, Reis RM, Mazzi MV. Crotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom: In vitro cytotoxic activity of a heterodimeric phospholipase A2 on human cancer-derived cell lines. Toxicon 2018; 156:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.10.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Ferguson EL, Naseer S, Powell LC, Hardwicke J, Young FI, Zhu B, Liu Q, Song B, Thomas DW. Controlled release of dextrin-conjugated growth factors to support growth and differentiation of neural stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2018; 33:69-78. [PMID: 30321831 PMCID: PMC6288241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential aspect of stem cell in vitro culture and in vivo therapy is achieving sustained levels of growth factors to support stem cell survival and expansion, while maintaining their multipotency and differentiation potential. This study investigated the ability of dextrin (~74,000 g/mol; 27.8 mol% succinoylation) conjugated to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; or FGF-2) (3.9 and 6.7% w/w protein loading, respectively) to support the expansion and differentiation of stem cells in vitro via sustained, controllable growth factor release. Supplementation of mouse neural stem cells (mNSCs) with dextrin-growth factor conjugates led to greater and prolonged proliferation compared to unbound EGF/bFGF controls, with no detectable apoptosis after 7 days of treatment. Immunocytochemical detection of neural precursor (nestin) and differentiation (Olig2, MAP2, GFAP) markers verified that controlled release of dextrin-conjugated growth factors preserves stem cell properties of mNSCs for up to 7 days. These results show the potential of dextrin-growth factor conjugates for localized delivery of bioactive therapeutic agents to support stem cell expansion and differentiation, and as an adjunct to direct neuronal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine L Ferguson
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, 10 Museum Place, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, CF10 3BG, UK.
| | - Sameza Naseer
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Lydia C Powell
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, 10 Museum Place, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, CF10 3BG, UK
| | - Joseph Hardwicke
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, 10 Museum Place, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, CF10 3BG, UK
| | - Fraser I Young
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, 10 Museum Place, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, CF10 3BG, UK
| | - Bangfu Zhu
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Qian Liu
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Bing Song
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, 10 Museum Place, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, CF10 3BG, UK
| | - David W Thomas
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, 10 Museum Place, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, CF10 3BG, UK
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Secret E, Andrew JS. Enzyme-responsive Drug Delivery Systems. STIMULI-RESPONSIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013536-00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
One major challenge in the pharmaceutical industry is how to deliver drugs locally and specifically to a target area. One way to accomplish this is to develop drug delivery vehicles that respond to biomarkers or other cues that are indicative of a disease state. Over the past several years, enzymes have become key targets for bio-recognition due to their role in both healthy and diseased tissues. This has led to the development of drug delivery vehicles that release their cargo via either carrier degradation, shape change, or bond cleavage due to enzymes over-expressed at the disease site. This chapter will focus on the use of both oxidoreductases and hydrolases as triggers for enzyme-responsive drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Secret
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Jennifer S. Andrew
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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24
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Hu X, Wang Y, Liu C, Jin Z, Tian Y. Dextrin-uricase conjugate: Preparation, characterization, and enzymatic properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:28-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Reichardt NC, Martín-Lomas M, Penadés S. Opportunities for glyconanomaterials in personalized medicine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:13430-13439. [PMID: 27709147 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04445j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this feature article we discuss the particular relevance of glycans as components or targets of functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) for potential applications in personalized medicine but we will not enter into descriptions for their preparation. For a more general view covering the preparation and applications of glyconanomaterials the reader is referred to a number of recent reviews. The combination of glyco- and nanotechnology is already providing promising new tools for more personalized solutions to diagnostics and therapy. Current applications relevant to personalized medicine include drug targeting, localized radiation therapy, imaging of glycan expression of cancer cells, point of care diagnostics, cancer vaccines, photodynamic therapy, biosensors, and glycoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels-Christian Reichardt
- CIC biomaGUNE, Glycotechnology Laboratory, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain. and CIBER BBN, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Manuel Martín-Lomas
- CIC biomaGUNE, Glycotechnology Laboratory, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Soledad Penadés
- CIC biomaGUNE, Glycotechnology Laboratory, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain.
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26
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Escalona GR, Sanchis J, Vicent MJ. pH-Responsive Polyacetal-Protein Conjugates Designed for Polymer Masked-Unmasked Protein Therapy (PUMPT). Macromol Biosci 2017; 18. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rodríguez Escalona
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF); C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3 46012 Valencia Spain
- Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Joaquin Sanchis
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF); C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3 46012 Valencia Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; 381 Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
| | - María J. Vicent
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF); C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3 46012 Valencia Spain
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27
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Duncan R. Polymer therapeutics at a crossroads? Finding the path for improved translation in the twenty-first century. J Drug Target 2017; 25:759-780. [PMID: 28783978 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1358729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the relatively small early investment, first generation 'polymer therapeutics' have been remarkably successful with more than 25 products licenced for human use as polymeric drugs, sequestrants, conjugates, and as an imaging agent. Many exhibit both clinical and commercial success with new concepts already in clinical trials. Nevertheless after four decades of evolution, this field is arriving at an important crossroads. Over the last decade, the landscape has changed rapidly. There are an increasing number of failed clinical trials, the number of 'copy' and 'generic' products is growing (danger of ignoring the biological rationale for design and suppression of innovation), potential drawbacks of PEG are becoming more evident, and the 'nanomedicine' boom has brought danger of loss of scientific focus/hype. Grasping opportunities provided by advances in understanding of the patho-physiology and molecular basis of diseases, new polymer/conjugate synthetic and analytical methods, as well as the large database of clinical experience will surely ensure a successful future for innovative polymer therapeutics. Progress will, however, be in jeopardy if polymer safety is overlooked in respect of the specific route of administration/clinical use, poorly characterised materials/formulations are used to define biological or early clinical properties, and if clinical trial protocols fail to select patients most likely to benefit from these macromolecular therapeutics. Opportunities to improve clinical trial design for polymer-anticancer drug conjugates are discussed. This short personal perspective summarises some of the important challenges facing polymer therapeutics in R&D today, and future opportunities to improve successful translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Duncan
- a Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory , Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Valencia , Spain.,b Intracellular Delivery Solutions Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Science , University of Greenwich , Kent , UK
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28
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Ferguson EL, Scomparin A, Hailu H, Satchi-Fainaro R. HPMA copolymer-phospholipase C and dextrin-phospholipase A2 as model triggers for polymer enzyme liposome therapy (PELT). J Drug Target 2017; 25:818-828. [PMID: 28728446 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1358726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
'Polymer Enzyme Liposome Therapy' (PELT) is a two-step anticancer approach in which a liposomal drug and polymer-phospholipase conjugate are administered sequentially to target the tumour interstitium by the enhanced permeability and retention effect, and trigger rapid, local, drug release. To date, however, the concept has only been described theoretically. We synthesised two polymer conjugates of phospholipase C (PLC) and A2 (PLA2) and evaluated their ability to trigger anthracycline release from the clinically used liposomes, Caelyx® and DaunoXome®. N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-PLC and a dextrin-PLA2 were synthesised and their enzymatic activity characterised. Doxorubicin release from polyethyleneglycol-coated (PEGylated) Caelyx® was relatively slow (<20%, 60 min), whereas daunomycin was rapidly released from non-PEGylated DaunoXome® (∼87%) by both enzymes. Incubation with dextrin-PLA2 triggered significantly less daunomycin release than HPMA copolymer-PLC, but when dextrin-PLA2 was pre-incubated with α-amylase, the rate of daunomycin release increased. DaunoXome®'s diameter increased in the presence of PLA2, while Caelyx®'s diameter was unaffected by free or conjugated PLA2. Dextrin-PLA2 potentiated the cytotoxicity of DaunoXome® to MCF-7 cells to a greater extent than free PLA2, while combining dextrin-PLA2 with Caelyx® resulted in antagonism, even in the presence of α-amylase, presumably due to steric hindrance by PEG. Our findings suggest that in vivo studies to evaluate PELT combinations should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine L Ferguson
- a Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK.,b Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Anna Scomparin
- c Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Hanna Hailu
- a Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- c Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
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29
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Chemical characterization, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of bee venom collected in Northeast Portugal. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94:172-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Azzopardi E, Lloyd C, Teixeira SR, Conlan RS, Whitaker IS. Clinical applications of amylase: Novel perspectives. Surgery 2016; 160:26-37. [PMID: 27117578 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amylase was the first enzyme to be characterized, and for the previous 200 years, its clinical role has been restricted to a diagnostic aid. Recent interface research has led to a substantial expansion of its role into novel, viable diagnostic, and therapeutic applications to cancer, infection, and wound healing. This review provides a concise "state-of-the-art" overview of the genetics, structure, distribution, and localization of amylase in humans. METHOD A first-generation literature search was performed with the MeSH search string "Amylase AND (diagnost∗ OR therapeut$)" on OVIDSP and PUBMED platforms. A second-generation search was then performed by forward and backward referencing on Web of Knowledge™ and manual indexing, limited to the English Language. RESULTS "State of the Art" in amylase genetics, structure, function distribution, localisation and detection of amylase in humans is provided. To the 4 classic patterns of hyperamylasemia (pancreatic, salivary, macroamylasemia, and combinations) a fifth, the localized targeting of amylase to specific foci of infection, is proposed. CONCLUSIONS The implications are directed at novel therapeutic and diagnostic clinical applications of amylase such as the novel therapeutic drug classes capable of targeted delivery and "smart release" in areas of clinical need. Future directions of research in areas of high clinical benefit are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Azzopardi
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Group, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Centre for Nanohealth, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.
| | - Catherine Lloyd
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Group, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Centre for Nanohealth, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | | | - R Steven Conlan
- Centre for Nanohealth, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Iain S Whitaker
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Group, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom; Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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Roberts JL, Cattoz B, Schweins R, Beck K, Thomas DW, Griffiths PC, Ferguson EL. In Vitro Evaluation of the Interaction of Dextrin–Colistin Conjugates with Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide. J Med Chem 2016; 59:647-54. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Roberts
- Advanced
Therapies Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, U.K
| | - Beatrice Cattoz
- Department
of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of
Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, U.K
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue-Langevin, DS/LSS group, 6, rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Cedex 9 Grenoble, France
| | - Konrad Beck
- Advanced
Therapies Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, U.K
| | - David W. Thomas
- Advanced
Therapies Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, U.K
| | - Peter C. Griffiths
- Department
of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of
Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, U.K
| | - Elaine L. Ferguson
- Advanced
Therapies Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, U.K
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32
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Xun MM, Xiao YP, Zhang J, Liu YH, Peng Q, Guo Q, Wu WX, Xu Y, Yu XQ. Low molecular weight PEI-based polycationic gene vectors via Michael addition polymerization with improved serum-tolerance. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Gong Y, Leroux JC, Gauthier MA. Releasable Conjugation of Polymers to Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1172-81. [DOI: 10.1021/bc500611k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Gong
- Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
1−5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
1−5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc A. Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Centre, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1S2, Canada
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34
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Kang B, Opatz T, Landfester K, Wurm FR. Carbohydrate nanocarriers in biomedical applications: functionalization and construction. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8301-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00092k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are used to functionalize or construct nanocarriers for biomedical applications – specific targeting, biocompatibility, stealth effect, biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Kang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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35
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Gulzar A, Gai S, Yang P, Li C, Ansari MB, Lin J. Stimuli responsive drug delivery application of polymer and silica in biomedicine. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:8599-8622. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00757g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, using polymer and mesoporous silica materials as efficient drug delivery carriers has attracted great attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Gulzar
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
| | - Shili Gai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin
| | - Chunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Mohd Bismillah Ansari
- SABIC Technology & Innovation Centre
- Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC)
- Riyadh 11551
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
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36
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Ferguson EL, Azzopardi E, Roberts JL, Walsh TR, Thomas DW. Dextrin-colistin conjugates as a model bioresponsive treatment for multidrug resistant bacterial infections. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:4437-47. [PMID: 25360900 DOI: 10.1021/mp500584u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer therapeutics offer potential benefits in the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) infections; affording targeted delivery of biologically active agents to the site of inflammation, potential decreases in systemic toxicity, and the retention of antimicrobial activity at the target site. As a prototype model, these studies developed and characterized a library of dextrin-colistin conjugates (dextrin molecular weight: 7500-48,000 g/mol) as a means of targeting the delivery of colistin. Optimum colistin release kinetics (following dextrin degradation by physiological concentrations of amylase (100 IU/L)) were observed in conjugates containing low molecular weight (∼7500 g/mol) dextrin with ∼1 mol % succinoylation (∼80% drug release within 48 h, compared to ∼33% from sodium colistin methanesulfonate (CMS, Colomycin)). These conjugates exhibited comparable antimicrobial activity to CMS in conventional MIC assays against a range of Gram-negative pathogens, but with significantly reduced in vitro toxicity toward kidney (IC₅₀ = CMS, 15.4 μg/mL; dextrin-colistin, 63.9 μg/mL) and macrophage (IC₅₀ = CMS, 111.3 μg/mL; dextrin-colistin, 303.9 μg/mL) cells. In vivo dose-escalation studies in rats demonstrated improved pharmacokinetics of the conjugates, with prolonged plasma levels of colistin (t₁/₂ 135-1271 min vs 53 min) and decreased toxicity, compared to colistin sulfate. These studies highlight the potential utility of "nanoantibiotic" polymer therapeutics to aid the safe, effective, and targeted delivery of colistin in the management of MDR infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine L Ferguson
- Advanced Therapies Group, Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, ‡Microbiology and Infection Translational Research Group (MITReG), §Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, U.K
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Talelli M, Vicent MJ. Reduction Sensitive Poly(l-glutamic acid) (PGA)-Protein Conjugates Designed for Polymer Masked–Unmasked Protein Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:4168-77. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5011883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Talelli
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Av. Eduardo Primo
Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - María J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Av. Eduardo Primo
Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
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38
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Novel pH-responsive dextrin nanogels for doxorubicin delivery to cancer cells with reduced cytotoxicity to cardiomyocytes and stem cells. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 114:78-86. [PMID: 25263867 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop pH-responsive dextrin nanogels (DNGs) capable of triggered intracellular DOX release at the lower pH of cancer cells. DNGs were prepared by an emulsion cross-linking method using glyoxal as cross-linker to create an acid-labile bond. A higher molecular weight of dextrin with increasing mole ratio of dextrin to glyoxal decreased the average diameter of DNGs. DNGs showed slightly negative surface charge and pH-responsive behavior. The in vitro drug release was slow at pH 7.4 and increased with decreasing pH (pH 5>6.8). The cytotoxicity of DOX-loaded DNGs in mesenchymal stem cells and cardiomyocytes was lower than that of free DOX. Moreover, DOX-loaded DNGs were efficiently internalized by tumor cells with rapid release of DOX into the nucleus. Thus, DOX-loaded DNGs were successful for intracellular targeted anti-tumor drug delivery and reducing side-effects to non-tumor cells such as cardiomyocytes and stem cells.
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39
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Yi X, Kabanov AV. Brain delivery of proteins via their fatty acid and block copolymer modifications. J Drug Target 2014; 21:940-55. [PMID: 24160902 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.847098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that hydrophobic small molecules penetrate cell membranes better than hydrophilic molecules. Amphiphilic molecules that dissolve both in lipid and aqueous phases are best suited for membrane transport. Transport of biomacromolecules across physiological barriers, e.g. the blood-brain barrier, is greatly complicated by the unique structure and function of such barriers. Two decades ago we adopted a simple philosophy that to increase protein delivery to the brain one needs to modify this protein with hydrophobic moieties. With this general idea we began modifying proteins (antibodies, enzymes, hormones, etc.) with either hydrophobic fatty acid residues or amphiphilic block copolymer moieties, such as poy(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (pluronics or poloxamers) and more recently, poly(2-oxasolines). This simple approach has resulted in impressive successes in CNS drug delivery. We present a retrospective overview of these works initiated in the Soviet Union in 1980s, and then continued in the United States and other countries. Notably some of the early findings were later corroborated by brain pharmacokinetic data. Industrial development of several drug candidates employing these strategies has followed. Overall modification by hydrophobic fatty acids residues or amphiphilic block copolymers represents a promising and relatively safe strategy to deliver proteins to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yi
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA and
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40
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Agile delivery of protein therapeutics to CNS. J Control Release 2014; 190:637-63. [PMID: 24956489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A variety of therapeutic proteins have shown potential to treat central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Challenge to deliver these protein molecules to the brain is well known. Proteins administered through parenteral routes are often excluded from the brain because of their poor bioavailability and the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Barriers also exist to proteins administered through non-parenteral routes that bypass the BBB. Several strategies have shown promise in delivering proteins to the brain. This review, first, describes the physiology and pathology of the BBB that underscore the rationale and needs of each strategy to be applied. Second, major classes of protein therapeutics along with some key factors that affect their delivery outcomes are presented. Third, different routes of protein administration (parenteral, central intracerebroventricular and intraparenchymal, intranasal and intrathecal) are discussed along with key barriers to CNS delivery associated with each route. Finally, current delivery strategies involving chemical modification of proteins and use of particle-based carriers are overviewed using examples from literature and our own work. Whereas most of these studies are in the early stage, some provide proof of mechanism of increased protein delivery to the brain in relevant models of CNS diseases, while in few cases proof of concept had been attained in clinical studies. This review will be useful to broad audience of students, academicians and industry professionals who consider critical issues of protein delivery to the brain and aim developing and studying effective brain delivery systems for protein therapeutics.
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Yu Y, Chen CK, Law WC, Weinheimer E, Sengupta S, Prasad PN, Cheng C. Polylactide-graft-doxorubicin nanoparticles with precisely controlled drug loading for pH-triggered drug delivery. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:524-32. [PMID: 24446700 DOI: 10.1021/bm401471p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) with high drug loading and pH-responsivity were prepared by nanoprecipitation of a hydrophobic polymer-drug conjugate (PDC). The PDC, polylactide-graft-doxorubicin (PLA-g-DOX), was synthesized by azide-alkyne click reaction to transform acetylene-functionalized PLA into PLA-graft-aldehyde (PLA-g-ALD), followed by DOX conjugation to form acid-sensitive Schiff base linkage between drug moieties and polymer scaffold. The DOX loading amount in PLA-g-DOX PDC was determined to be 32 wt % by (1)H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies. PLA-g-DOX PDC was further used to prepare NPs with precisely controlled drug loading by nanoprecipitation in the presence of a PEGylated surfactant. The effects of organic solvent, PLA-g-DOX PDC concentration and PLA-g-DOX/surfactant mass ratio on size and size distribution of NPs were systematically examined based on analysis by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). NPs prepared under the optimal conditions exhibited well-defined spherical morphology with volume-average hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) around 100 nm. Due to the Schiff base conjugation linkage in PLA-g-DOX PDC, acid-sensitive drug release behavior of the NPs was observed. In vitro studies against MCF-7 breast cancer cells showed that the NPs can be readily taken up and result in enhanced therapeutic efficiency as compared to DOX·HCl, indicating their promising potential applications as anticancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, §Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, and ∥Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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Manchun S, Dass CR, Sriamornsak P. Designing nanoemulsion templates for fabrication of dextrin nanoparticles via emulsion cross-linking technique. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:650-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Efficient targeted pDNA/siRNA delivery with folate–low-molecular-weight polyethyleneimine–modified pullulan as non-viral carrier. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 34:98-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Azzopardi EA, Camilleri L, Moseley R, Thomas DW, Ferguson EL. Statistical Characterization of Succinoylated Dextrin Degradation Behavior in Human α-Amylase. J Carbohydr Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2013.831434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hu X, Wei B, Zhang B, Xu X, Jin Z, Tian Y. Synthesis and characterization of dextrin monosuccinate. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:111-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Growth inhibitory effects and molecular mechanisms of crotoxin treatment in esophageal Eca-109 cells and transplanted tumors in nude mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013. [PMID: 23202800 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the antitumor actions of the Crotalus durissus neurotoxin (crotoxin) on human esophageal carcinoma (Eca-109) cells in vitro and transplanted esophageal Eca-109 tumors in nude mice. METHODS The growth-inhibitory effect was analyzed in Eca-109 cells using MTT assay. Cell morphology changes in nuclei were observed using Hoechst 33342 staining, while apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were examined by flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to measure the Bcl-2, p15, and caspase-3 p17 gene expression levels. A tumor transplantation model was established by inoculation of Eca-109 cells were into female Balb/c nude mice. Crotoxin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected into the transplanted tumors every 2 d for a total of 10 injections. Tumor size and weight were measured. Bcl-2, p15, and caspase-3 p17 protein expression in transplanted tumors was analyzed using Western blotting. RESULTS Crotoxin (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) inhibited the growth of Eca-109 cells in a dose-dependent manner with inhibition rates of 22.9%, 35.8%, and 57.2%, respectively. Hoechst 33342 staining revealed apoptotic cells with pyknotic nuclear chromatin after crotoxin treatment. In Eca-109 cells, crotoxin induced apoptosis and G1 block, significantly upregulated the expression of p15 and caspase-3 p17 genes and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 gene. Furthermore, crotoxin inhibited the growth of Eca-109 tumors in nude mice in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting showed that crotoxin increased p15 and caspase-3 p17 protein levels and reduced Bcl-2 protein level in tumor specimens. CONCLUSION Crotoxin inhibits the growth of Eca-109 cells in vitro via apoptosis induction and G1 block. Local administration of crotoxin inhibits the growth of subcutaneously transplanted Eca-109 cells in nude mice, possibly via increasing p15 and caspase-3 p17 protein expression and reducing Bcl-2 protein expression.
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Conjugation of hyaluronan to proteins. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 92:2163-70. [PMID: 23399272 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymer conjugation has been widely exploited to prolong half-life and reduce immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins. Here, the potentials of hyaluronic acid (HA) have been investigated by studying the conjugates with two model enzymes, trypsin and RNase A, and with insulin. As the direct coupling of proteins to the HA's carboxylic groups can cause cross-linking problems, a hyaluronan-aldehyde derivative has been synthesized for N-terminal site-selective conjugation. HA conjugation, termed HAylation, preserved the activities of enzymes and their thermal stabilities. Insulin HAylation was studied by preparing two conjugates with different peptide loadings (32% and 17%, w/w). Noticeably, the conjugate with the lower loading showed the greater effect on blood glucose level. The 17% HA-insulin conjugate showed a lowering effect on blood glucose level for up to 6h, while free insulin exhausted its action after 1h. This study highlights the potentials of hyaluronan-aldehyde for protein delivery.
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Azzopardi EA, Ferguson EL, Thomas DW. The enhanced permeability retention effect: a new paradigm for drug targeting in infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 68:257-74. [PMID: 23054997 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative infection is a major global determinant of morbidity, mortality and cost of care. The advent of nanomedicine has enabled tailored engineering of macromolecular constructs, permitting increasingly selective targeting, alteration of volume of distribution and activity/toxicity. Macromolecules tend to passively and preferentially accumulate at sites of enhanced vascular permeability and are then retained. This enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, whilst recognized as a major breakthrough in anti-tumoral targeting, has not yet been fully exploited in infection. Shared pathophysiological pathways in both cancer and infection are evident and a number of novel nanomedicines have shown promise in selective, passive, size-mediated targeting to infection. This review describes the similarities and parallels in pathophysiological pathways at molecular, cellular and circulatory levels between inflammation/infection and cancer therapy, where use of this principle has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest A Azzopardi
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, Wales, UK.
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Abstract
Bee venom (BV) (api-toxin) has been widely used in the treatment of some immune-related diseases, as well as in recent times in treatment of tumors. Several cancer cells, including renal, lung, liver, prostate, bladder, and mammary cancer cells as well as leukemia cells, can be targets of bee venom peptides such as melittin and phospholipase A2. The cell cytotoxic effects through the activation of PLA2 by melittin have been suggested to be the critical mechanism for the anti-cancer activity of BV. The induction of apoptotic cell death through several cancer cell death mechanisms, including the activation of caspase and matrix metalloproteinases, is important for the melittin-induced anti-cancer effects. The conjugation of cell lytic peptide (melittin) with hormone receptors and gene therapy carrying melittin can be useful as a novel targeted therapy for some types of cancer, such as prostate and breast cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding potential of bee venom and its compounds such as melittin to induce cytotoxic, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and apoptotic effects in different tumor cells in vivo or in vitro. The recent applications of melittin in various cancers and a molecular explanation for the antiproliferative properties of bee venom are discussed.
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de la Rica R, Aili D, Stevens MM. Enzyme-responsive nanoparticles for drug release and diagnostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:967-78. [PMID: 22266127 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are key components of the bionanotechnology toolbox that possess exceptional biorecognition capabilities and outstanding catalytic properties. When combined with the unique physical properties of nanomaterials, the resulting enzyme-responsive nanoparticles can be designed to perform functions efficiently and with high specificity for the triggering stimulus. This powerful concept has been successfully applied to the fabrication of drug delivery schemes where the tissue of interest is targeted via release of cargo triggered by the biocatalytic action of an enzyme. Moreover, the chemical transformation of the carrier by the enzyme can also generate therapeutic molecules, therefore paving the way to design multimodal nanomedicines with synergistic effects. Dysregulation of enzymatic activity has been observed in a number of severe pathological conditions, and this observation is useful not only to program drug delivery in vivo but also to fabricate ultrasensitive sensors for diagnosing these diseases. In this review, several enzyme-responsive nanomaterials such as polymer-based nanoparticles, liposomes, gold nanoparticles and quantum dots are introduced, and the modulation of their physicochemical properties by enzymatic activity emphasized. When known, toxicological issues related to the utilization nanomaterials are highlighted. Key examples of enzyme-responsive nanomaterials for drug delivery and diagnostics are presented, classified by the type of effector biomolecule, including hydrolases such as proteases, lipases and glycosidases, and oxidoreductases.
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