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Chi Y, Li Y, Ding C, Liu X, Luo M, Wang Z, Bi Y, Luo S. Structural and biofunctional diversity of sulfated polysaccharides from the genus Codium (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta): A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130364. [PMID: 38401579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
It is believed that polysaccharides will become a focal point for future production of food, pharmaceuticals, and materials due to their ubiquitous and renewable nature, as well as their exceptional properties that have been extensively validated in the fields of nutrition, healthcare, and materials. Sulfated polysaccharides derived from seaweed sources have attracted considerable attention owing to their distinctive structures and properties. The genus Codium, represented by the species C. fragile, holds significance as a vital economic green seaweed and serves as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. To date, the cell walls of the genus Codium have been found to contain at least four types of sulfated polysaccharides, specifically pyruvylated β-d-galactan sulfates, sulfated arabinogalactans, sulfated β-l-arabinans, and sulfated β-d-mannans. These sulfated polysaccharides exhibit diverse biofunctions, including anticoagulant, immune-enhancing, anticancer, antioxidant activities, and drug-carrying capacity. This review explores the structural and biofunctional diversity of sulfated polysaccharides derived from the genus Codium. Additionally, in addressing the impending challenges within the industrialization of these polysaccharides, encompassing concerns regarding scale-up production and quality control, we outline potential strategies to address these challenges from the perspectives of raw materials, extraction processes, purification technologies, and methods for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhou Chi
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China.
| | - Yang Li
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Chengcheng Ding
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Meilin Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Yanhong Bi
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Si Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
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Januário AP, Félix R, Félix C, Reboleira J, Valentão P, Lemos MFL. Red Seaweed-Derived Compounds as a Potential New Approach for Acne Vulgaris Care. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111930. [PMID: 34834345 PMCID: PMC8623078 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit affecting both adolescents and adults. Its pathophysiology includes processes of inflammation, increased keratinization, sebum production, hormonal dysregulation, and bacterial Cutibacterium acnes proliferation. Common AV has been treated with antibiotics since the 1960s, but strain resistance has emerged and is of paramount concern. Macroalgae are known producers of substances with bioactive properties, including anti-viral, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, among several others. In particular, red algae are rich in bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, lipids, sterols, alkaloids, and terpenoids, conferring them antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. Thus, the exploration of compounds from marine resources can be an appealing approach to discover new treatment options against AV. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the potentialities of red macroalgae in the treatment of AV by reviewing the main therapeutic targets of this disease, and then the existence of compounds or extracts with bioactive properties against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana P. Januário
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (A.P.J.); (M.F.L.L.)
| | - Rafael Félix
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Carina Félix
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
| | - João Reboleira
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Marco F. L. Lemos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.J.); (M.F.L.L.)
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Jabeen M, Dutot M, Fagon R, Verrier B, Monge C. Seaweed Sulfated Polysaccharides against Respiratory Viral Infections. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:733. [PMID: 34065660 PMCID: PMC8156470 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections have been a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite massive advancements in the virology field, no specific treatment exists for most respiratory viral infections. Approved therapies against respiratory viruses rely almost exclusively on synthetic drugs that have potential side effects, restricting their use. This review aims to present natural marine sulfated polysaccharides possessing promising antiviral activity against respiratory viruses that could be a safe alternative to synthetic broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. The antiviral properties of marine sulfated polysaccharides are presented according to their mechanism of action on different types and strains of respiratory viruses, and the potential limits of their use are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Jabeen
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France;
| | - Mélody Dutot
- Recherche & Développement, Yslab, 29000 Quimper, France; (M.D.); (R.F.)
| | - Roxane Fagon
- Recherche & Développement, Yslab, 29000 Quimper, France; (M.D.); (R.F.)
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France;
| | - Claire Monge
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France;
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Heckwolf MJ, Peterson A, Jänes H, Horne P, Künne J, Liversage K, Sajeva M, Reusch TBH, Kotta J. From ecosystems to socio-economic benefits: A systematic review of coastal ecosystem services in the Baltic Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142565. [PMID: 33059139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass meadows, algal forests and mussel beds are widely regarded as foundation species that support communities providing valuable ecosystem services in many coastal regions; however, quantitative evidence of the relationship is scarce. Using the Baltic Sea as a case study, a region of significant socio-economic importance in the northern hemisphere, we systematically synthesized the primary literature and summarized the current knowledge on ecosystem services derived from seagrass, macroalgae, and mussels (see animated video summary of the manuscript: Video abstract). We found 1740 individual ecosystem service records (ESR), 61% of which were related to macroalgae, 26% to mussel beds and 13% to seagrass meadows. The most frequently reported ecosystem services were raw material (533 ESR), habitat provision (262 ESR) and regulation of pollutants (215 ESR). Toxins (356 ESR) and nutrients (302 ESR) were the most well-documented pressures to services provided by coastal ecosystems. Next, we assessed the current state of knowledge as well as knowledge transfer of ecosystem services to policies through natural, social, human and economic dimensions, using a systematic scoring tool, the Eco-GAME matrix. We found good quantitative information about how ecosystems generated the service but almost no knowledge of how they translate into socio-economic benefits (8 out of 657 papers, 1.2%). While we are aware that research on Baltic Sea socio-economic benefits does exist, the link with ecosystems providing the service is mostly missing. To close this knowledge gap, we need a better analytical framework that is capable of directly linking existing quantitative information about ecosystem service generation with human benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Heckwolf
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Holger Jänes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jana Künne
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Thorsten B H Reusch
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Estonia
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Aziz E, Batool R, Khan MU, Rauf A, Akhtar W, Heydari M, Rehman S, Shahzad T, Malik A, Mosavat SH, Plygun S, Shariati MA. An overview on red algae bioactive compounds and their pharmaceutical applications. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2019-0203/jcim-2019-0203.xml. [PMID: 32697756 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To review red algae bioactive compounds and their pharmaceutical applications. Content Seaweed sources are becoming attractive to be used in health and therapeutics. Among these red algae is the largest group containing bioactive compounds utilized in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food industry, manure and various supplements in food formula. Various significant bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides (aginate, agar, and carrageenan), lipids and polyphenols, steroids, glycosides, flavanoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, antheraquinones and cardiac glycosides have been reported in red algae. The red algae have rich nutritional components Different polysaccharides of red algae possess the antiviral potential namely agarans, carrageenan, alginate, fucan, laminaran and naviculan. Sulfated polysaccharides and carraginans of red algae are rich source of soluble fibers which can account for antitumor activities depending upon chemistry of various secondary metabolites and metabolism of cell line. Flavons-3-ols containing catechins from many red algae block the telomerase activity in colon cancer cells. Contraceptive agents were tested from red algae as a source for post-coital. Lectin of red algae showed pro-healing properties and anti-ulcerogenic activities. Carragenates from red algae also conferred a positive influence on diabetes. Red algae depicted a reducing effect on plasma lipids and obesity. Porphyran from red alga can act as anti-hyperlipidemic agent also reduces the apolipoprotein B100 via suppression of lipid synthesis in human liver. Summary The polyphenolic extracts of Laurencia undulate, Melanothamnus afaqhusainii and Solieria robusta extract show anti-inflammatory effects against multiple genera of devastating fungi. Antioxidants such as phlorotannins, ascorbic acids, tocopherols, carotenoids from red algae showed toxicity on some cancer cells without side effects. Red algae Laurencia nipponica was found insecticidal against mosquito larvae. Red algae fibers are very important in laxative and purgative activities. Gracilaria tenuistipitat resisted in agricultural lands polluted with cadmium and copper. Outlook In the recent decades biotechnological applications of red algae has been increased. Polysaccharides derived from red algae are important tool for formulation of drugs delivery system via nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Aziz
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College Khanpur, Haripur 22650, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Batool
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Punjab, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Khan
- Bioproducts Sciences and Engineering Laboratory (BSEL), Washington State University, Richland, 99354, WA, USA
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Agriculture, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Shazia Rehman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Tasmeena Shahzad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Malik
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sergey Plygun
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
- Researcher, All Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Moscow Region, 143050, Russia
- Head of laboratory, Laboratory of Biological Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Orel City, 302026, Russia
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Laboratory of Biological Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Orel City, 302026, Russia
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Degraded fucoidan fractions and β-1,3-glucan sulfates inhibit CXCL12-induced Erk1/2 activation and chemotaxis in Burkitt lymphoma cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 143:968-976. [PMID: 31726164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidans are natural polysaccharides with pronounced antitumoral activities. Their modes of action include the antagonization of the chemokine CXCL12, which plays a central role in tumor development and metastasis. However, the usually high molecular mass (Mw) of fucoidans represents an obstacle to their medical application. We therefore investigated two series of degraded fucoidan fractions with regard to their CXCL12 binding and inhibition of CXCL12-induced effects in Raji cells. In addition, semisynthetic β-1,3-glucan sulfates were examined to get more information about the impact of Mw and degree of sulfation (DS). Degradation of the fucoidans from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP; 481-77.0 kDa) and Fucus vesiculosus (F.v.-SP; 38.2-20.6 kDa) did not affect the respective binding capacity to CXCL12. Both the Mw independence and the DS dependence were confirmed by the β-1,3-glucan sulfates having significantly higher affinity to CXCL12. The chemokine binding resulted in reduced CXCL12-induced Erk1/2 signaling and chemotaxis of Raji cells which was also independent of the Mw. Solely the oxidatively degraded fucoidan fraction displayed a significantly reduced chemotaxis inhibition. In conclusion, degradation of fucoidans to obtain biopharmaceutically more favorable Mw is possible without impairing their activities targeting CXCL12. Moreover, the β-1,3-glucan sulfates should also be considered as promising candidates for further development.
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Gomes DL, Melo KRT, Queiroz MF, Batista LANC, Santos PC, Costa MSSP, Almeida-Lima J, Camara RBG, Costa LS, Rocha HAO. In Vitro Studies Reveal Antiurolithic Effect of Antioxidant Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Green Seaweed Caulerpa cupressoides var flabellata. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060326. [PMID: 31159355 PMCID: PMC6628234 DOI: 10.3390/md17060326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithiasis affects approximately 10% of the world population and is strongly associated with calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. Currently, there is no efficient compound that can be used to prevent this disease. However, seaweeds' sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) can change the CaOx crystals surface's charge and thus modify the crystallization dynamics, due to the interaction of the negative charges of these polymers with the crystal surface during their synthesis. We observed that the SPs of Caulerpa cupressoides modified the morphology, size and surface charge of CaOx crystals. Thus, these crystals became similar to those found in healthy persons. In the presence of SPs, dihydrate CaOx crystals showed rounded or dumbbell morphology. Infrared analysis, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry (FITC-conjugated SPs) and atomic composition analysis (EDS) allowed us to propose the mode of action between the Caulerpa's SPs and the CaOx crystals. This study is the first step in understanding the interactions between SPs, which are promising molecules for the treatment of urolithiasis, and CaOx crystals, which are the main cause of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanne Lopes Gomes
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte- RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí (IFPI), São Raimundo Nonato Campus, São Raimundo Nonato-PI 64.770-000, Brazil.
| | - Karoline Rachel Teodosio Melo
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte- RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Moacir Fernandes Queiroz
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte- RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Alighieri Neves Costa Batista
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte- RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Pablo Castro Santos
- State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró-RN 59.610-210, Brazil.
| | | | - Jailma Almeida-Lima
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte- RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Barros Gomes Camara
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte- RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Silva Costa
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), Canguaretama-RN 59.190-000, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte- RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí (IFPI), São Raimundo Nonato Campus, São Raimundo Nonato-PI 64.770-000, Brazil.
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Lahrsen E, Schoenfeld AK, Alban S. Degradation of Eight Sulfated Polysaccharides Extracted from Red and Brown Algae and Its Impact on Structure and Pharmacological Activities. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1200-1214. [PMID: 33405640 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Degradation represents a strategy to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of native algae sulfated polysaccharides (SP) with high Mw. The aim of this study was to compare the degradability of four sulfated xylogalactans (SXG) and four fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides (FRSP) extracted from red and brown algae, respectively, using three simple methods causing no desulfation as well as to examine the chemical and pharmacological changes of the resulting fractions. The achieved degradation proved to be dependent on the basic glycan structure of the SP. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide (3%, 4 h, 50 °C) led to the most efficient degradation of both FRSP and SXG. The Mw decrease was associated with distinct reduction of the activities (complement inhibition (>) elastase inhibition > C1-INH potentiation) and resulted in a modified pharmacological profile. Despite their much lower degree of sulfation, some of the fractions with Mw < 15 kDa exhibited similar or even stronger activities than heparins, whereas they had only weak anticoagulant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lahrsen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Lahrsen E, Schoenfeld AK, Alban S. Size-dependent pharmacological activities of differently degraded fucoidan fractions from Fucus vesiculosus. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 189:162-168. [PMID: 29580394 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fucose-containing sulfated glycans (syn. fucoidans) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are therefore considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medical applications. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological activities of fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus and 18 gradually depolymerized fractions, which were obtained by hydrothermal and H2O2 treatment, respectively. All the activities decreased with decreasing molecular mass (Mw) but to a different extent resulting in some modified pharmacological profiles in dependence on the Mw as well as on the degradation method. H2O2 treatment was not only more efficient, simpler and cheaper than hydrothermal degradation, but also led to superior activity profiles and additionally eliminated co-extracted contaminants. Compared to heparin, the prime example of biologically active sulfated glycans, evenly sized H2O2 fractions exhibited considerable effects being relevant for anti-inflammatory activity, however only negligible anticoagulant activity and FXII activating potency. Due to their improved biopharmaceutical characteristics and favorable activities, degraded fucoidan fractions are worth to be further investigated as anti-inflammatory and anticomplementary agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lahrsen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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10
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Gradual degradation of fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus and its effect on structure, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 192:208-216. [PMID: 29691015 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (syn. fucoidans) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are therefore considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medical applications. During the past three decades, research on isolation, molecular characterization, and screening of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities has significantly increased. Until now, however, fucoidans are only used as ingredients in cosmetics and food supplements, especially due to the proclaimed antioxidant activities of fucoidan. One obstacle to medical applications is the usually high molecular mass of native fucoidans, as it is associated with unfavorable biopharmaceutical properties and possibly undesired effects. Therefore, it seems reasonable to develop fucoidan derivatives with reduced size. So far, in this study, fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus was gradually degraded from Mw 38.2 down to 4.9 kDa without concomitant desulfation. Compared to hydrothermal treatment, the degradation with H2O2 showed to be more efficient and additionally eliminated the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of the genuine fucoidan. This confirmed our previous hypothesis that rather co-extracted compounds like terpenoids and polyphenols than the fucoidan itself exhibit these effects.
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Liewert I, Ehrig K, Alban S. Effects of fucoidans and heparin on reactions of neutrophils induced by IL-8 and C5a. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 165:462-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Parjikolaei BR, Bruhn A, Eybye KL, Larsen MM, Rasmussen MB, Christensen KV, Fretté XC. Valuable Biomolecules from Nine North Atlantic Red Macroalgae: Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, Carotenoids, Minerals and Metals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/nr.2016.74016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ehrig K, Alban S. Sulfated galactofucan from the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability of yield, structural composition and bioactivity. Mar Drugs 2014; 13:76-101. [PMID: 25548975 PMCID: PMC4306926 DOI: 10.3390/md13010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are, therefore, considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medicinal applications. A critical issue is their availability in high, reproducible quality. The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. Furthermore, the results indicated that S.l. growing at an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%). Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). Thus, S.l. from the North Atlantic harvested in autumn proved to be more appropriate for the isolation of S.l.-SP than S.l. from the Baltic Sea and S.l. harvested in spring, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that habitat and harvest time of brown algae should be considered as factors influencing the yield as well as the composition and thus also the bioactivity of their SP.
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Lühn S, Grimm JC, Alban S. Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:2205-27. [PMID: 24727392 PMCID: PMC4012468 DOI: 10.3390/md12042205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae are of great interest due to their manifold biological activities. Obstacles to commercial (especially medical) application include considerable variability and complex chemical composition making the analysis and the quality control challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate a simple microplate assay for screening the quality of SP. It is based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP and was originally developed for direct quantification of SP. Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. Their FI increase in the Polymer-H assay was compared with other analytical parameters. By testing just one concentration of a D.s.-SP sample, quality deviations from the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability can be detected. Further, structurally distinct SP showed to differ in their concentration-dependent FI profiles. By using corresponding reference compounds, the Polymer-H assay is therefore applicable as identification assay with high negative predictability. In conclusion, the Polymer-H assay showed to represent not only a simple method for quantification, but also for characterization identification and differentiation of SP of marine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lühn
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Juliane C Grimm
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Testing of potential glycan-based heparanase inhibitors in a fluorescence activity assay using either bacterial heparinase II or human heparanase. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 95:130-8. [PMID: 24667567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase, an endo-β-glucuronidase cleaving heparan sulfate (HS) chains at cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix (ECM), is involved in angiogenesis, tumor progression and metastasis as well as in inflammation and kidney dysfunction. Therefore, heparanase is considered a promising therapeutic target and diagnostic marker. Recently, we have developed a simple, rapid, fully automatable fluorimetric activity assay using the synthetic sulfated pentasaccharide fondaparinux as substrate and bacterial heparinase II (HEP-II) instead of human heparanase (hHEP). The aim of this study was to evaluate this assay for inhibitor testing as well as to check whether the assay principle is applicable to measure the activity and inhibition, respectively, of the actual target enzyme hHEP. Besides the known hHEP inhibitor suramin and the antiinflammatory and antimetastatic PS3, two series of β-1,3-glucan sulfates differing in their chain length and degree of sulfation, further semisynthetic sulfated glycans, and two sulfated polysaccharides isolated from algae were included to examine structure-activity relationships. The inhibitory activity of sulfated glycans showed to be greatly dependent on both their degree of sulfation and their basic glycan structure, but independent of their molecular size. The β-1,3-glucan sulfates were superior to suramin as well as to the other glycans with similar degree of sulfations. The most active inhibitor was found to be the β-1,3-glucan sulfate PS3 (IC₅₀=0.017 μM). By using hHEP instead of HEP-II comparable results were obtained. With an IC₅₀ being about 160 times lower than that of suramin, PS3 exhibited again the strongest inhibitory effects. Inhibition of hHEP may therefore contribute to the potent antiinflammatory and antimetastatic activities of PS3 in vivo. In conclusion, the fluorimetric hHEP activity assay proved to be a simple, fully automatable tool for testing potential inhibitors. In case of HS mimetic inhibitors, the assay variant with HEP-II may provide a fast and inexpensive option for initial screening purposes.
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Lee JC, Hou MF, Huang HW, Chang FR, Yeh CC, Tang JY, Chang HW. Marine algal natural products with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:55. [PMID: 23724847 PMCID: PMC3674937 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For their various bioactivities, biomaterials derived from marine algae are important ingredients in many products, such as cosmetics and drugs for treating cancer and other diseases. This mini-review comprehensively compares the bioactivities and biological functions of biomaterials from red, green, brown, and blue-green algae. The anti-oxidative effects and bioactivities of several different crude extracts of algae have been evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Natural products derived from marine algae protect cells by modulating the effects of oxidative stress. Because oxidative stress plays important roles in inflammatory reactions and in carcinogenesis, marine algal natural products have potential for use in anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ching Lee
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Hu DJ, Cheong KL, Zhao J, Li SP. Chromatography in characterization of polysaccharides from medicinal plants and fungi. J Sep Sci 2012; 36:1-19. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- De-jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao; China
| | - Kit-leong Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao; China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao; China
| | - Shao-ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao; China
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Abstract
Red algae (Rhodophyta) are known as the source of unique sulfated galactans, such as agar, agarose, and carrageenans. The wide practical uses of these polysaccharides are based on their ability to form strong gels in aqueous solutions. Gelling polysaccharides usually have molecules built up of repeating disaccharide units with a regular distribution of sulfate groups, but most of the red algal species contain more complex galactans devoid of gelling ability because of various deviations from the regular structure. Moreover, several red algae may contain sulfated mannans or neutral xylans instead of sulfated galactans as the main structural polysaccharides. This chapter is devoted to a description of the structural diversity of polysaccharides found in the red algae, with special emphasis on the methods of structural analysis of sulfated galactans. In addition to the structural information, some data on the possible use of red algal polysaccharides as biologically active polymers or as taxonomic markers are briefly discussed.
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Grünewald N, Alban S. Optimized and standardized isolation and structural characterization of anti-inflammatory sulfated polysaccharides from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (Hudson) Lamouroux (Ceramiales, Delesseriaceae). Biomacromolecules 2010; 10:2998-3008. [PMID: 19795906 DOI: 10.1021/bm900501g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The red seaweed Delesseria sanguinea dominantly populates a large artificial reef in the southwestern Baltic Sea. It contains sulfated polysaccharides (SPs), which exhibit a pharmacological profile indicating anti-inflammatory and anti-skin aging potencies. To establish and optimize an extraction procedure for these SPs and to evaluate the influence of several parameters on their quality, 23 algae batches were harvested over the period of four years and extracted by different methods, resulting in 56 SP batches. Extraction with water at 85 degrees C proved to be superior and led to highly reproducible products with average yields of 11.6 +/- 3.9%, reaching 18% in spring. Their quality was independent of generation form and vitality of the algae. The SPs were identified as sulfated branched xylogalactans (degree of sulfation 0.50 +/- 0.08, mean M(r) 142000). The coextraction of floridean starch turned out to be the only parameter causing any seasonal variability. However, by using water, this concerns solely the yields of the isolated products. Compared to NaOH extracts, the antielastase activity of H(2)O extracted SPs was about twice as strong (IC(50) 0.204 +/- 0.024 microg/mL) and the batch to batch variability was much lower (CV 11.8 vs 28.6%). In conclusion, SPs from Delesseria sanguinea can be isolated in reproducibly high quality by using a specific extraction procedure. Thus, an important prerequisite for a potential economical utilization is fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Grünewald
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Kesinger NG, Stevens JF. Covalent interaction of ascorbic acid with natural products. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:1930-9. [PMID: 19875138 PMCID: PMC2787919 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
While ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is mostly known as a cofactor for proline hydroxylase and as a biological antioxidant, it also forms covalent bonds with natural products which we here refer to as 'ascorbylation'. A number of natural products containing an ascorbate moiety has been isolated and characterized from a variety of biological sources, ranging from marine algae to flowering plants. Most of these compounds are formed either as a result of nucleophilic substitution or addition by ascorbate, e.g. the ascorbigens from Brassica species are ascorbylated indole derivatives. Some ascorbylated tannins appear to be formed from electrophilic addition to dehydroascorbic acid. There are also examples of annulations of ascorbate with dietary polyphenols, e.g. epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and resveratrol derivatives. Herein is a survey of 33 ascorbylated natural products and their reported biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Kesinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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