1
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Ossadnik D, Kuzin S, Qi M, Yulikov M, Godt A. A Gd III-Based Spin Label at the Limits for Linewidth Reduction through Zero-Field Splitting Optimization. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:408-432. [PMID: 36525400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The remarkably narrow central line in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum and the very weak zero-field splitting (ZFS) make [GdIII(NO3Pic)] ([GdIII(TPATCN)]) an attractive starting point for the development of spin labels. For retaining the narrow line of this parent complex when modifying it with a substituent enabling bioconjugation, alkyl with a somehow remote functional group as a substituent at the picolinate moiety was found to be highly suitable because ZFS stayed weak, even if the threefold axial symmetry was broken. The ZFS is so weak that hyperfine coupling and/or g-value variations noticeably determine the linewidth in Q band and higher fields when the biomolecule is protonated, which is the standard situation, and in W band and higher fields for the protonated complex in a fully deuterated surrounding. Clearly, [NDSE-{GdIII(NO3Pic)}], a spin label targeting the cysteines in a peptide, is at a limit of linewidth narrowing through ZFS minimization. The labeling reaction is highly chemoselective and, applied to a polyproline with two cysteine units, it took no more than a minute at 7 °C and pH 7.8. Subsequent disulfide scrambling is very slow and can therefore be prevented. Double electron-electron resonance and relaxation-induced dipolar modulation enhancement applied to the spin-labeled polyproline proved the spin label useful for distance determination in peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ossadnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sergei Kuzin
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mian Qi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Maxim Yulikov
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adelheid Godt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615Bielefeld, Germany
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2
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Sahkulubey Kahveci EL, Kahveci MU, Celebi A, Avsar T, Derman S. Glycopolymer and Poly(β-amino ester)-Based Amphiphilic Block Copolymer as a Drug Carrier. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4896-4908. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif L. Sahkulubey Kahveci
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler, 34210Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammet U. Kahveci
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Sariyer, 34467Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asuman Celebi
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Goztepe, 34734Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Timucin Avsar
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Goztepe, 34734Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Derman
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler, 34210Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Fellin CR, Nelson A. Direct-Ink Write 3D Printing Multistimuli-Responsive Hydrogels and Post-Functionalization Via Disulfide Exchange. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:3054-3061. [PMID: 38239328 PMCID: PMC10795753 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a multi-stimuli-responsive hydrogel that can be 3D printed via a direct-ink write process to afford cross-linked hydrogel networks that can be post-functionalized with thiol-bearing molecules. Poly(alkyl glycidyl ether)s with methacrylate groups at their termini were synthesized and self-assembled into hydrogels with three key stimuli-responsive behaviors necessary for extrusion based 3D printing: a sol-gel temperature response, shear-thinning behavior, and the ability to be photochemically crosslinked. In addition, the chemically crosslinked hydrogels demonstrated a temperature dependent swelling consistent with an LCST behavior. Pyridyl disulfide urethane methacrylate (PDS-UM) monomers were introduced into the network as a thiol-reactive handle for post-functionalization of the hydrogel. The reactivities of these hydrogels were investigated at different temperatures (5, 25, 37 °C) and swelling statuses (as-cured versus preswollen) using glutathione as a reactive probe. To illustrate the versatility of the platform, a number of additional thiol-containing probes such as proteins, polymers, and small molecules were conjugated to the hydrogel network at different temperatures, pH's, and concentrations. In a final demonstration of the multi-stimuli-responsive hydrogel platform, a customized DIW 3D printer was used to fabricate a printed object that was subsequently conjugated with a fluorescent tag and displayed the ability to change in size with environmental temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alshakim Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
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4
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Zhou D, Zhu LW, Wu BH, Xu ZK, Wan LS. End-functionalized polymers by controlled/living radical polymerizations: synthesis and applications. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01252e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on end-functionalized polymers synthesized by controlled/living radical polymerizations and the applications in fields including bioconjugate formation, surface modification, topology construction, and self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liang-Wei Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bai-Heng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ling-Shu Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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5
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Pelras T, Loos K. Strategies for the synthesis of sequence-controlled glycopolymers and their potential for advanced applications. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Zhong W, Hou W, Liu Y, Liu L, Zhao H. Biosurfaces Fabricated by Polymerization-Induced Surface Self-Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12649-12657. [PMID: 33070609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface biofunctionalization provides an approach to the fabrication of surfaces with improved biological and clinical performances. Biosurfaces have found increasing applications in many areas such as sensing, cell growth, and disease detection. Efficient synthesis of biosurfaces without damages to the structures and functionalities of biomolecules is a great challenge. Polymerization-induced surface self-assembly (PISSA) provides an effective approach to the synthesis of surface nanostructures with different compositions, morphologies, and properties. In this research, application of PISSA in the fabrication of biosurfaces is investigated. Two different reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents, RAFT chain transfer agent (CTA) on silica particles (SiO2-CTA) and CTA on bovine serum albumin (BSA-CTA), were employed in RAFT dispersion polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) in water at a temperature above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of poly-(isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). After polymerization, PNIPAM layers with BSA on the top surfaces are fabricated on the surfaces of silica particles. Transmission electron microscopy results show that the average PNIPAM layer thickness increases with monomer conversion. Kinetics study indicates that there is a turn point on a plot of ln([M]0/[M]t) versus polymerization time. After the critical point, surface coassembly of PNIPAM brushes and BSA-PNIPAM bioconjugates is performed on the silica particles. The secondary structure and the activity of BSA immobilized on top of the PNIPAM layers are basically kept unchanged in the PISSA process. To prepare permanently immobilized protein surfaces, PNIPAM layers on silica particles are cross-linked. BSA on the top surfaces presents a reversible "on-off" switching property. At a temperature below the LCST of PNIPAM, the activity of the immobilized BSA is retained; however, the BSA activity decreases significantly at a temperature above the LCST because of the hydrophobic interaction between PNIPAM and BSA. Based on this approach, many different biosurfaces can be fabricated and the materials will find applications in many fields, such as enzyme immobilization, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wangmeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, China
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7
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Altinbasak I, Arslan M, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Pyridyl disulfide-based thiol–disulfide exchange reaction: shaping the design of redox-responsive polymeric materials. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01215g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of synthetic approaches utilized to incorporate the thiol-reactive pyridyl-disulfide motif into various polymeric materials, and briefly highlights its utilization to obtain functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Arslan
- Yalova University
- Faculty of Engineering
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering
- 77100 Yalova
- Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry
- Bogazici University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry
- Bogazici University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies
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8
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Hess A, Schmidt BVKJ, Schlaad H. Aminolysis induced functionalization of (RAFT) polymer-dithioester with thiols and disulfides. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01365j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Efficient exchange of the polymer-dithioester end group by aminolysis/functionalization with thiol or disulfide under ambient atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hess
- University of Potsdam
- Institute of Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | | | - Helmut Schlaad
- University of Potsdam
- Institute of Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
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9
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Geven M, Luo H, Koo D, Panambur G, Donno R, Gennari A, Marotta R, Grimaldi B, Tirelli N. Disulfide-Mediated Bioconjugation: Disulfide Formation and Restructuring on the Surface of Nanomanufactured (Microfluidics) Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26607-26618. [PMID: 31282644 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study is about (1) nanomanufacturing (focusing on microfluidic-assisted nanoprecipitation), (2) advanced colloid characterization (focusing on field flow fractionation), and (3) the possible restructuring of surface disulfides. Disulfides are dynamic and exchangeable groups, and here we specifically focus, first, on their use to introduce biofunctional groups and, second, on their re-organization, which may lead to variable surface chemistries and uncontrolled cell interactions. The particles were obtained via microfluidic-assisted (flow-focused) nanoprecipitation of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) bearing or not a 2-pyridyl disulfide (PDS) terminal group, which quantitatively exchanges with thiols in solution. In this study, we have paid specific attention to size characterization, thereby also demonstrating the limitations of dynamic light scattering (DLS) as a stand-alone technique. By using asymmetric flow field flow fractionation coupled with DLS, static light scattering (SLS), and refractive index detectors, we show that relatively small amounts of >100 nm aggregates (cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and SLS/DLS comparison suggesting them to be wormlike micelles) dominated the stand-alone DLS results, whereas the "real" size distributions picked <50 nm. Our key result is that the kinetics of the conjugation based on PDS-thiol exchange was controlled by the thiol pKa, and this also determined the rate of the exchange between the resulting disulfides and glutathione (GSH). In particular, more acidic thiols (e.g., peptides, where a cysteine is flanked by cationic residues) react faster with PDS, but their disulfides hardly exchange with GSH; the reverse applies to thiols with a higher pKa. Disulfides that resist against restructuring via thiol-disulfide exchange allow for a stable bioconjugation, although they may be bad news for payload release under reducing conditions. However, experiments of both thiol release and nanoparticles uptake in cells (HCT116) show that also the disulfides formed from less-acidic and, therefore, less-reactive, and more exchangeable thiols were stable for at least a few hours even in a GSH-rich (10 mM) environment; this suggests a sufficiently long stability of surface groups to achieve, for example, a cell-targeting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanying Luo
- MilliporeSigma Materials Science , 6000 N Teutonia Avenue , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53209 , United States
| | - Donghun Koo
- MilliporeSigma Materials Science , 6000 N Teutonia Avenue , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53209 , United States
| | - Gangadhar Panambur
- MilliporeSigma Materials Science , 6000 N Teutonia Avenue , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53209 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicola Tirelli
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health , The University of Manchester , M13 9PT Manchester , U.K
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10
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Sui B, Cheng C, Xu P. Pyridyl Disulfide Functionalized Polymers as Nanotherapeutic Platforms. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Sui
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of South Carolina 715 Sumter Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of South Carolina 715 Sumter Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Peisheng Xu
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of South Carolina 715 Sumter Columbia SC 29208 USA
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11
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Schäfer O, Barz M. Of Thiols and Disulfides: Methods for Chemoselective Formation of Asymmetric Disulfides in Synthetic Peptides and Polymers. Chemistry 2018; 24:12131-12142. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Schäfer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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12
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Cao HH, Nakatsuka N, Deshayes S, Abendroth JM, Yang H, Weiss PS, Kasko AM, Andrews AM. Small-Molecule Patterning via Prefunctionalized Alkanethiols. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018; 30:4017-4030. [PMID: 30828130 PMCID: PMC6393937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between small molecules and biomolecules are important physiologically and for biosensing, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. To investigate these interactions, small molecules can be tethered to substrates through standard coupling chemistries. While convenient, these approaches co-opt one or more of the few small-molecule functional groups needed for biorecognition. Moreover, for multiplexing, individual probes require different surface functionalization chemistries, conditions, and/or protection/deprotection strategies. Thus, when placing multiple small-molecules on surfaces, orthogonal chemistries are needed that preserve all functional groups and are sequentially compatible. Here, we approach high-fidelity small-molecule patterning by coupling small-molecule neurotransmitter precursors, as examples, to monodisperse asymmetric oligo(ethylene glycol)alkanethiols during synthesis and prior to self-assembly on Au substrates. We use chemical lift-off lithography to singly and doubly pattern substrates. Selective antibody recognition of pre-functionalized thiols was comparable to or better than recognition of small molecules functionalized to alkanethiols after surface assembly. These findings demonstrate that synthesis and patterning approaches that circumvent sequential surface conjugation chemistries enable biomolecule recognition and afford gateways to multiplexed small-molecule functionalized substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan H. Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Nako Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Stephanie Deshayes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - John M. Abendroth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Hongyan Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel
Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for
Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Corresponding Authors, , or
| | - Andrea M. Kasko
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Corresponding Authors, , or
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel
Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for
Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Corresponding Authors, , or
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13
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Hadjicharalambous C, Flouraki C, Narain R, Chatzinikolaidou M, Vamvakaki M. Controlling pre-osteoblastic cell adhesion and spreading on glycopolymer brushes of variable film thickness. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:98. [PMID: 29946888 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the cell behavior on biocompatible polymer surfaces is critical for the development of suitable medical implant coatings as well as in anti-adhesive applications. Synthetic glycopolymer brushes, based on sugar methacrylate monomers have been reported as robust surfaces to resist protein adsorption and cell adhesion. In this study, poly(D-gluconamidoethyl methacrylate) (PGAMA) brushes of various chain lengths were synthesized directly from initiator functionalized glass substrates using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The glycopolymer film thicknesses were determined by ellipsometry, whereas the wettability and the morphology of the surfaces were characterized by static water contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Stable, grafted films with thicknesses in the dry state between 4 and 20 nm and of low roughness (~1 nm) were obtained by varying the polymerization time. Cell experiments with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts cultured on the PGAMA brushes were performed to examine the effect of film thickness on the cell morphology, cytoskeleton organization and growth. The results revealed good cell spreading and proliferation on PGAMA layers of low film thickness, whereas cell adhesion was prevented on polymer films with thickness higher than ~10 nm, indicating their potential use in medical implants and anti-adhesive surfaces, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystalleni Hadjicharalambous
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, 711 10, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 710 03, Crete, Greece
| | - Chara Flouraki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, 711 10, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 710 03, Crete, Greece
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria Chatzinikolaidou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, 711 10, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 710 03, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Vamvakaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, 711 10, Crete, Greece.
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 710 03, Crete, Greece.
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14
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Efficient one-pot enzymatic synthesis of dephospho coenzyme A. Bioorg Chem 2017; 76:23-27. [PMID: 29107839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dephospho coenzyme A (depCoA) is the last intermediate for CoA biosynthesis, and it can be used as a transcription initiator to prepare CoA-linked RNA by in vitro transcription. However, commercially available depCoA is expensive. We hereby describe a simple and efficient enzymatic synthesis of depCoA in a single-step from commercially available and inexpensive oxidized pantethine (Ox-Pan) and ATP. A plasmid (pCoaDAa) was constructed to co-express and co-purify two enzymes pantothenate kinase (PanK/coaA) and phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase (PPAT/coaD). Starting from Ox-Pan and ATP, two different synthetic routes of one-pot reaction catalyzed by PanK and PPAT, followed by a simple column purification step, afforded depCoA and its oxidized dimer (Ox-depCoA) with high yields and purity. The simplicity and low cost of our method should make depCoA easily accessible to a broad scientific community, and promote research on CoA-related areas in biology and biomedicine.
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15
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Li NS, Lu J, Piccirilli JA. Synthesis of 5'-Thio-3'-O-ribonucleoside Phosphoramidites. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12003-12013. [PMID: 29049877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of phosphoramidite derivatives of all four 5'-deoxy-5'-thioribonucleosides is described. These phosphoramidites contained trityl (A, G, C, and U), dimethoxytrityl (A and G), or tert-butyldisulfanyl (G) as the 5'-S-protecting group. The application of several of these phosphoramidites for solid-phase synthesis of oligoribonucleotides containing a 2'-O-photocaged 5'-S-phosphorothiolate linkage or 5'-thiol-labeled RNAs is also further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Sheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Joseph A Piccirilli
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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16
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Fraas R, Franzreb M. Reversible covalent enzyme immobilization methods for reuse of carriers. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1344229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Fraas
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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17
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Peng H, Rübsam K, Huang X, Jakob F, Karperien M, Schwaneberg U, Pich A. Reactive Copolymers Based on N-Vinyl Lactams with Pyridyl Disulfide Side Groups via RAFT Polymerization and Postmodification via Thiol–Disulfide Exchange Reaction. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Peng
- DWI-Leibniz Institute
for Interactive Materials e.V., Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristin Rübsam
- DWI-Leibniz Institute
for Interactive Materials e.V., Aachen, Germany
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Developmental
BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical
Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Jakob
- DWI-Leibniz Institute
for Interactive Materials e.V., Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Developmental
BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical
Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibniz Institute
for Interactive Materials e.V., Aachen, Germany
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Pelegri-O’Day EM, Maynard HD. Controlled Radical Polymerization as an Enabling Approach for the Next Generation of Protein-Polymer Conjugates. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1777-85. [PMID: 27588677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates are unique constructs that combine the chemical properties of a synthetic polymer chain with the biological properties of a biomacromolecule. This often leads to improved stabilities, solubilities, and in vivo half-lives of the resulting conjugates, and expands the range of applications for the proteins. However, early chemical methods for protein-polymer conjugation often required multiple polymer modifications, which were tedious and low yielding. To solve these issues, work in our laboratory has focused on the development of controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques to improve synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates. Initial efforts focused on the one-step syntheses of protein-reactive polymers through the use of functionalized initiators and chain transfer agents. A variety of functional groups such as maleimide and pyridyl disulfide could be installed with high end-group retention, which could then react with protein functional groups through mild and biocompatible chemistries. While this grafting to method represented a significant advance in conjugation technique, purification and steric hindrance between large biomacromolecules and polymer chains often led to low conjugation yields. Therefore, a grafting from approach was developed, wherein a polymer chain is grown from an initiating site on a functionalized protein. These conjugates have demonstrated improved homogeneity, characterization, and easier purification, while maintaining protein activity. Much of this early work utilizing CRP techniques focused on polymers made up of biocompatible but nonfunctional monomer units, often containing oligoethylene glycol meth(acrylate) or N-isopropylacrylamide. These branched polymers have significant advantages compared to the historically used linear poly(ethylene glycols) including decreased viscosities and thermally responsive behavior, respectively. Recently, we were motivated to use CRP techniques to develop polymers with rationally designed and functional biological properties for conjugate preparation. Specifically, two families of saccharide-inspired polymers were developed for stabilization and activation of therapeutic biomolecules. A series of polymers with trehalose side-chains and vinyl backbones were prepared and used to stabilize proteins against heat and lyophilization stress as both conjugates and additives. These materials, which combine properties of osmolytes with nonionic surfactants, have significant potential for in vivo therapeutic use. Additionally, polymers that mimic the structure of the naturally occurring polysaccharide heparin were prepared. These polymers contained negatively charged sulfonate groups and imparted stabilization to a heparin-binding growth factor after conjugation. A screen of other sulfonated polymers led to the development of a polymer with improved heparin mimesis, enhancing both stability and activity of the protein to which it was attached. Chemical improvements over the past decade have enabled the preparation of a diverse set of protein-polymer conjugates by controlled polymerization techniques. Now, the field should thoroughly explore and expand both the range of polymer structures and also the applications available to protein-polymer conjugates. As we move beyond medicine toward broader applications, increased collaboration and interdisciplinary work will result in the further development of this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Pelegri-O’Day
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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19
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20
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Design of Self-Assembling Protein-Polymer Conjugates. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 940:179-214. [PMID: 27677514 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39196-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates are of particular interest for nanobiotechnology applications because of the various and complementary roles that each component may play in composite hybrid-materials. This chapter focuses on the design principles and applications of self-assembling protein-polymer conjugate materials. We address the general design methodology, from both synthetic and genetic perspective, conjugation strategies, protein vs. polymer driven self-assembly and finally, emerging applications for conjugate materials. By marrying proteins and polymers into conjugated bio-hybrid materials, materials scientists, chemists, and biologists alike, have at their fingertips a vast toolkit for material design. These inherently hierarchical structures give rise to useful patterning, mechanical and transport properties that may help realize new, more efficient materials for energy generation, catalysis, nanorobots, etc.
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21
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Cui Y, Li Z, Wang L, Liu F, Yuan Y, Wang H, Xue L, Pan J, Chen G, Chen H, Yuan L. One-step synthesis of glycoprotein mimics in vitro: improvement of protein activity, stability and application in CPP hydrolysis. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5437-5445. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01251e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycoprotein mimics produced in vitro by one-step conjugation of glycopolymer and pyrophosphatase have improved bioactivity and stability for potential biomedical applications.
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22
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Lin EW, Maynard HD. Grafting from Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid (siRNA) as an Alternative Synthesis Route to siRNA–Polymer Conjugates. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- En-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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23
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Trinadh M, Govindaraj K, Rajasekhar T, Dhayal M, Sainath AVS. Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene oxide)-based glycopolymers and their biocompatibility with osteoblast cells. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mummuluri Trinadh
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500007 Telangana India
| | - Kannan Govindaraj
- Clinical Research Facility; CSIR - Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology; Hyderabad 500007 Telangana India
| | - Tota Rajasekhar
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500007 Telangana India
| | - Marshal Dhayal
- Clinical Research Facility; CSIR - Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology; Hyderabad 500007 Telangana India
| | - Annadanam V Sesha Sainath
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500007 Telangana India
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24
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Zhang X, Liu M, Mao Y, Xu Y, Niu S. Ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical immunoassay of antibody against tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen amplified by functionalized graphene derivates and enzymatic biocatalytic precipitation. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 59:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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von der Ehe C, Weber C, Wagner M, Czaplewska JA, Gottschaldt M, Schubert US. Synthesis of Thermoresponsive Glycopolymers Combining RAFT Polymerization, Thiol-Ene Reaction, and Subsequent Immobilization onto Solid Supports. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian von der Ehe
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI); P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Christine Weber
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Justyna A. Czaplewska
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI); P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
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26
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Jia Z, Bobrin VA, Truong NP, Gillard M, Monteiro MJ. Multifunctional Nanoworms and Nanorods through a One-Step Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5824-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja500092m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfan Jia
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Valentin A. Bobrin
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Marianne Gillard
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael J. Monteiro
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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27
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Ahmed M, Wattanaarsakit P, Narain R. Recent advances in the preparation of glycopolymer bioconjugates. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Gou Y, Geng J, Richards SJ, Burns J, Remzi Becer C, Haddleton DM. A Detailed Study on Understanding Glycopolymer Library and Con A Interactions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART A, POLYMER CHEMISTRY 2013; 51:2588-2597. [PMID: 23761950 PMCID: PMC3677416 DOI: 10.1002/pola.26646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic glycopolymers are important natural oligosaccharides mimics for many biological applications. To develop glycopolymeric drugs and therapeutic agents, factors that control the receptor-ligand interaction need to be investigated. A library of well-defined glycopolymers has been prepared by the combination of copper mediated living radical polymerization and CuAAC click reaction via post-functionalization of alkyne-containing precursor polymers with different sugar azides. Employing Concanavalin A as the model receptor, we explored the influence of the nature and densities of different sugars residues (mannose, galactose, and glucose) on the stoichiometry of the cluster, the rate of the cluster formation, the inhibitory potency of the glycopolymers, and the stability of the turbidity through quantitative precipitation assays, turbidimetry assays, inhibitory potency assays, and reversal aggregation assays. The diversities of binding properties contributed by different clustering parameters will make it possible to define the structures of the multivalent ligands and densities of binding epitopes tailor-made for specific functions in the lectin-ligand interaction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2588-2597.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Gou
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology Changsha, 410073, China
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30
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Synthesis of Glycopolymer Architectures by Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/polym5020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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31
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Vázquez-Dorbatt V, Lee J, Lin EW, Maynard HD. Synthesis of Glycopolymers by Controlled Radical Polymerization Techniques and Their Applications. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2478-87. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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32
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Huang F, Shi Y. Synthesis of photolabile transcription initiators and preparation of photocleavable functional RNA by transcription. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4254-8. [PMID: 22677315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two new photolabile adenosine-containing transcription initiators with terminal thiol and amino functionalities are chemically synthesized. Transcription in the presence of the transcription initiators under the T7 phi2.5 promoter produces 5' thiol- and amino-functionalized RNA conjugated by a photocleavable (PC) linker. Further RNA functionalization with biotin may be achieved through acyl transfer reactions from either biotinyl AMP to the RNA thiol group or biotin NHS to the RNA amino group. Photocleavage of the PC linker displays relatively fast kinetics with a half-life of 4-5 min. The availability of these transcription initiators makes new photolabile RNA accessible for affinity purification of RNA, in vitro selection of functional RNAs, and functional RNA caging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-5043, USA.
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33
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Dunn SS, Tian S, Blake S, Wang J, Galloway AL, Murphy A, Pohlhaus PD, Rolland JP, Napier ME, DeSimone JM. Reductively responsive siRNA-conjugated hydrogel nanoparticles for gene silencing. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7423-30. [PMID: 22475061 PMCID: PMC3357068 DOI: 10.1021/ja300174v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A critical need still remains for effective delivery of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics to target tissues and cells. Self-assembled lipid- and polymer-based systems have been most extensively explored for transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA) in liver and cancer therapies. Safety and compatibility of materials implemented in delivery systems must be ensured to maximize therapeutic indices. Hydrogel nanoparticles of defined dimensions and compositions, prepared via a particle molding process that is a unique off-shoot of soft lithography known as particle replication in nonwetting templates (PRINT), were explored in these studies as delivery vectors. Initially, siRNA was encapsulated in particles through electrostatic association and physical entrapment. Dose-dependent gene silencing was elicited by PEGylated hydrogels at low siRNA doses without cytotoxicity. To prevent disassociation of cargo from particles after systemic administration or during postfabrication processing for surface functionalization, a polymerizable siRNA pro-drug conjugate with a degradable, disulfide linkage was prepared. Triggered release of siRNA from the pro-drug hydrogels was observed under a reducing environment while cargo retention and integrity were maintained under physiological conditions. Gene silencing efficiency and cytocompatibility were optimized by screening the amine content of the particles. When appropriate control siRNA cargos were loaded into hydrogels, gene knockdown was only encountered for hydrogels containing releasable, target-specific siRNAs, accompanied by minimal cell death. Further investigation into shape, size, and surface decoration of siRNA-conjugated hydrogels should enable efficacious targeted in vivo RNAi therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart S. Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Shaomin Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Steven Blake
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02319
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - Andrew Murphy
- Liquidia Technologies, Research Triangle Park, NC 22709
| | | | | | - Mary E. Napier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Joseph M. DeSimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Institute for Advanced Materials, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Institute for Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
- Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
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34
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Narla SN, Sun XL. Immobilized sialyloligo-macroligand and its protein binding specificity. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1675-82. [PMID: 22519294 DOI: 10.1021/bm3003896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a chemoenzymatic synthesis of chain-end functionalized sialyllactose-containing glycopolymers with different linkages and their oriented immobilization for glycoarray and SPR-based glyco-biosensor applications. Specifically, O-cyanate chain-end functionalized sialyllactose-containing glycopolymers were synthesized by enzymatic α2,3- and α2,6-sialylation of a lactose-containing glycopolymer that was synthesized by cyanoxyl-mediated free radical polymerization. (1)H NMR showed almost quantitative α2,3- and α2,6-sialylation. The O-cyanate chain-end functionalized sialyllactose-containing glycopolymers were printed onto amine-functionalized glass slides via isourea bond formation for glycoarray formation. Specific protein binding activity of the arrays was confirmed with α2,3- and α2,6-sialyl specific binding lectins together with inhibition assays. Further, immobilizing O-cyanate chain-end functionalized sialyllactose-containing glycopolymers onto amine-modified SPR chip via isourea bond formation afforded SPR-based glyco-biosensor, which showed specific binding activity for lectins and influenza viral hemagglutinins (HA). These sialyloligo-macroligand derived glycoarray and SPR-based glyco-biosensor are closely to mimic 3D nature presentation of sialyloligosaccharides and will provide important high-throughput tools for virus diagnosis and potential antiviral drug candidates screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Nandana Narla
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, USA
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35
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Song W, Xiao C, Cui L, Tang Z, Zhuang X, Chen X. Facile construction of functional biosurface via SI-ATRP and “click glycosylation”. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 93:188-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Miura Y. Design and synthesis of well-defined glycopolymers for the control of biological functionalities. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Delaittre G, Pauloehrl T, Bastmeyer M, Barner-Kowollik C. Acrylamide-Based Copolymers Bearing Photoreleasable Thiols for Subsequent Thiol–Ene Functionalization. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202670d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Delaittre
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Zoologisches Institut, Zell-
und Neurobiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Center for Functional Nanostructures
(CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Pauloehrl
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Center for Functional Nanostructures
(CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoologisches Institut, Zell-
und Neurobiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Center for Functional Nanostructures
(CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Center for Functional Nanostructures
(CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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38
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Narla SN, Nie H, Li Y, Sun XL. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Chain-End Functionalized Glycopolymers. J Carbohydr Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2012.654553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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39
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Shi H, Liu L, Wang X, Li J. Glycopolymer–peptide bioconjugates with antioxidant activity via RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20021j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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40
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Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent perylene bisimide-containing glycopolymers for Escherichia coli conjugation and cell imaging. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Averick S, Paredes E, Li W, Matyjaszewski K, Das SR. Direct DNA Conjugation to Star Polymers for Controlled Reversible Assemblies. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:2030-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200240q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saadyah Averick
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Eduardo Paredes
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Subha R. Das
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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42
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Paterson SM, Clark J, Stubbs KA, Chirila TV, Baker MV. Carbohydrate-based crosslinking agents: Potential use in hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Roth PJ, Boyer C, Lowe AB, Davis TP. RAFT Polymerization and Thiol Chemistry: A Complementary Pairing for Implementing Modern Macromolecular Design. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1123-43. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Broyer RM, Grover GN, Maynard HD. Emerging synthetic approaches for protein-polymer conjugations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:2212-26. [PMID: 21229146 PMCID: PMC3066092 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04062b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates are important in diverse fields including drug delivery, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. This feature article highlights recent advances in the synthesis and application of protein-polymer conjugates by controlled radical polymerization techniques. Special emphasis on new applications of the materials, particularly in biomedicine, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. ; Tel: +1 310 267 5162
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Ronda JC, Lligadas G, Galià M, Cádiz V. Vegetable oils as platform chemicals for polymer synthesis. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Li H, Li M, Yu X, Bapat AP, Sumerlin BS. Block copolymer conjugates prepared by sequentially grafting from proteins via RAFT. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Li H, Bapat AP, Li M, Sumerlin BS. Protein conjugation of thermoresponsive amine-reactive polymers prepared by RAFT. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Obata M, Shimizu M, Ohta T, Matsushige A, Iwai K, Hirohara S, Tanihara M. Synthesis, characterization and cellular internalization of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) bearing α-d-mannopyranose. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00326c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Narla SN, Sun XL. Orientated glyco-macroligand formation based on site-specific immobilization of O-cyanate chain-end functionalized glycopolymer. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:845-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00556h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Boyer C, Stenzel MH, Davis TP. Building nanostructures using RAFT polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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