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Yu T, Omarova M, Zhang M, Hossain I, Chen J, Darvish O, John VT, Zhang D. Uncovering the Optimal Molecular Characteristics of Hydrophobe-Containing Polypeptoids to Induce Liposome or Cell Membrane Fragmentation. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1511-1521. [PMID: 36802533 PMCID: PMC10015453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellular functions of membrane proteins are strongly coupled to their structures and aggregation states in the cellular membrane. Molecular agents that can induce the fragmentation of lipid membranes are highly sought after as they are potentially useful for extracting membrane proteins in their native lipid environment. Toward this goal, we investigated the fragmentation of synthetic liposome using hydrophobe-containing polypeptoids (HCPs), a class of facially amphiphilic pseudo-peptidic polymers. A series of HCPs with varying chain lengths and hydrophobicities have been designed and synthesized. The effects of polymer molecular characteristics on liposome fragmentation are systemically investigated by a combination of light scattering (SLS/DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM and negative stained TEM) methods. We demonstrate that HCPs with a sufficient chain length (DPn ≈ 100) and intermediate hydrophobicity (PNDG mol % = 27%) can most effectively induce the fragmentation of liposomes into colloidally stable nanoscale HCP-lipid complexes owing to the high density of local hydrophobic contact between the HCP polymers and lipid membranes. The HCPs can also effectively induce the fragmentation of bacterial lipid-derived liposomes and erythrocyte ghost cells (i.e., empty erythrocytes) to form nanostructures, highlighting the potential of HCPs as novel macromolecular surfactants toward the application of membrane protein extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Marzhana Omarova
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Istiak Hossain
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Jianqiang Chen
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Omead Darvish
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Vijay T. John
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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2
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Butler TJ, Smith SM. Strategies for the Purification of Membrane Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2699:477-491. [PMID: 37647009 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3362-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins account for approximately 30% of the coding regions of all sequenced genomes, and they play crucial roles in many fundamental cell processes. However, there are relatively few membrane proteins with known three-dimensional structures. This is likely due to technical challenges associated with membrane protein extraction, solubilization, and purification. Membrane proteins are classified based on the level of interaction with membrane lipid bilayers, with peripheral membrane proteins associating non-covalently with the membrane, and integral membrane proteins associating more strongly by means of hydrophobic interactions. Generally speaking, peripheral membrane proteins can be purified by milder techniques than integral membrane proteins, with the latter's extraction requiring phospholipid bilayer disruption using detergents or organic solvents. In this chapter, important considerations for membrane protein purification are addressed, with a focus on the initial stages of membrane protein solubilization, where problems are most frequently encountered. Protocols are outlined for the extraction of peripheral membrane proteins, solubilization of integral membrane proteins, and sample clean-up and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Butler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinéad Marian Smith
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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3
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Ehsan M, Wang H, Katsube S, Munk CF, Du Y, Youn T, Yoon S, Byrne B, Loland CJ, Guan L, Kobilka BK, Chae PS. Glyco-steroidal amphiphiles (GSAs) for membrane protein structural study. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200027. [PMID: 35129249 PMCID: PMC8986615 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins pose considerable challenges to high resolution structural analysis. Maintaining membrane proteins in their native state during protein isolation is essential for structural study of these bio-macromolecules. Detergents are the most commonly used amphiphilic compounds for stabilizing membrane proteins in solution outside a lipid bilayer. We previously introduced a glyco-diosgenin (GDN) detergent that was shown to be highly effective at stabilizing a wide range of membrane proteins. This steroidal detergent has additionally gained attention due to its compatibility with membrane protein structure study via cryo-EM. However, synthetic inconvenience limits widespread use of GDN in membrane protein study. To improve its synthetic accessibility and to further enhance detergent efficacy for protein stabilization, we designed a new class of glyco-steroid-based detergents using three steroid units: cholestanol, cholesterol and diosgenin. These new detergents were efficiently prepared and showed marked efficacy for protein stabilization in evaluation with a few model membrane proteins including two G protein-coupled receptors. Some new agents were not only superior to a gold standard detergent, DDM, but were also more effective than the original GDN at preserving protein integrity long term. These agents represent valuable alternatives to GDN, and are likely to facilitate structural determination of challenging membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ehsan
- Hanyang University, Department of Bionano Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Haoqing Wang
- Stanford University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, UNITED STATES
| | - Satoshi Katsube
- Texas Tech University, Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, UNITED STATES
| | - Chastine F Munk
- University of Copenhagen: Kobenhavns Universitet, Department of Neuroscience, DENMARK
| | - Yang Du
- Stanford University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, UNITED STATES
| | - Taeyeol Youn
- Hanyang University, Department of Bionano Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Soyoung Yoon
- Hanyang University, Department of Bionano Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Claus J Loland
- University of Copenhagen: Kobenhavns Universitet, Department of Neurosciences, DENMARK
| | - Lan Guan
- Texas Tech University, Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, UNITED STATES
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Stanford University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, UNITED STATES
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Hanyang University, Department of Bionano Engineering, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, 426-791, Ansan, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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4
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Methods for the solubilisation of membrane proteins: the micelle-aneous world of membrane protein solubilisation. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1763-1777. [PMID: 34415288 PMCID: PMC8421053 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The solubilisation of membrane proteins (MPs) necessitates the overlap of two contradictory events; the extraction of MPs from their native lipid membranes and their subsequent stabilisation in aqueous environments. Whilst the current myriad of membrane mimetic systems provide a range of modus operandi, there are no golden rules for selecting the optimal pipeline for solubilisation of a specific MP hence a miscellaneous approach must be employed balancing both solubilisation efficiency and protein stability. In recent years, numerous diverse lipid membrane mimetic systems have been developed, expanding the pool of available solubilisation strategies. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the membrane mimetic field, with particular emphasis placed upon detergents, polymer-based nanodiscs and amphipols, highlighting the latest reagents to enter the toolbox of MP research.
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5
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Watanabe A, Minagawa J. Structural characterization of the photosystems in the green alga Chlorella sorokiniana. PLANTA 2020; 252:79. [PMID: 33034766 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular organization of the photosystem supercomplexes in the green alga Chlorella sorokiniana belonging to Trebouxiophyceae are essentially the same as those of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii belonging to Chlorophyceae. The photosynthetic conversion of light energy into chemical energy is performed by photosystems II and I (PSII and PSI) embedded within the thylakoid membranes. In plants and green algae, PSII and PSI comprise the core complex and light-harvesting complexes (LHCII and LHCI), forming PSII-LHCII and PSI-LHCI supercomplexes, respectively. The structural information about photosystem supercomplexes of green algae has been limited to chlorophytic algae. Here, to obtain an insight into the evolution of Chlorophyta, we determined the supramolecular organization of the PSII-LHCII and PSI-LHCI supercomplexes from the freshwater green alga Chlorella sorokiniana, which belongs to Trebouxiophyceae. The obtained results showed that the supramolecular organizations of the photosystem supercomplexes in C. sorokiniana were essentially the same as those of the model green alga C. reinhardtii, which belongs to Chlorophyceae, namely PSII-LHCII supercomplex formed the C2S2M2L2 configuration and PSI-LHCI supercomplex was associated with 10 LHCI subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimasa Watanabe
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigo-naka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigo-naka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
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6
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Bonnet C, Guillet P, Mahler F, Igonet S, Keller S, Jawhari A, Durand G. Detergent‐Like Polymerizable Monomers: Synthesis, Physicochemical, and Biochemical Characterization. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Bonnet
- Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes amphiphiles Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 UM‐CNRS‐ENSCM) & Avignon University 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 AVIGNON cedex 9 France
- CHEM2STAB 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 AVIGNON cedex 9 France
| | - Pierre Guillet
- Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes amphiphiles Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 UM‐CNRS‐ENSCM) & Avignon University 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 AVIGNON cedex 9 France
- CHEM2STAB 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 AVIGNON cedex 9 France
| | - Florian Mahler
- Molecular Biophysics Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK) Erwin‐Schrödinger‐Str. 13 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Sébastien Igonet
- CHEM2STAB 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 AVIGNON cedex 9 France
- CALIXAR 60A Avenue Rockefeller – 69008 Lyon France
| | - Sandro Keller
- Molecular Biophysics Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK) Erwin‐Schrödinger‐Str. 13 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Anass Jawhari
- CHEM2STAB 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 AVIGNON cedex 9 France
- CALIXAR 60A Avenue Rockefeller – 69008 Lyon France
| | - Grégory Durand
- Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes amphiphiles Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 UM‐CNRS‐ENSCM) & Avignon University 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 AVIGNON cedex 9 France
- CHEM2STAB 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 AVIGNON cedex 9 France
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7
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Biotinylated non-ionic amphipols for GPCR ligands screening. Methods 2020; 180:69-78. [PMID: 32505829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present herein the synthesis of biotin-functionalized polymers (BNAPols) that have been developed for the fixation of membrane proteins (MPs) onto surfaces. BNAPols were synthesized by free-radical polymerization of a tris(hydroxymethyl)acrylamidomethane (THAM)-derived amphiphilic monomer in the presence of a thiol-based transfer agent with an azido group. Then a Huisgen-cycloaddition reaction was performed with Biotin-(PEG)8-alkyne that resulted in formation of the biotinylated polymers. The designed structure of BNAPols was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, and a HABA/avidin assay was used for estimating the percentage of biotin grafted on the polymer end chain. The colloidal characterization of these biotin-functionalized polymers was done using both dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. BNAPols were used to stabilize a model G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the human Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHSR), out of its membrane environment. Subsequent immobilization of the BNAPols:GHSR complex onto a streptavidin-coated surface allowed screening of ligands based on their ability to bind the immobilized receptor. This opens the way to the use of biotinylated NAPols to immobilize functional, unmodified, membrane proteins, providing original sensor devices for multiple applications including innovative ligand screening assays.
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8
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Burton-Smith RN, Watanabe A, Tokutsu R, Song C, Murata K, Minagawa J. Structural determination of the large photosystem II-light-harvesting complex II supercomplex of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using nonionic amphipol. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15003-15013. [PMID: 31420447 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In photosynthetic organisms, photosystem II (PSII) is a large membrane protein complex, consisting of a pair of core complexes surrounded by an array of variable numbers of light-harvesting complex (LHC) II proteins. Previously reported structures of the PSII-LHCII supercomplex of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exhibit significant structural heterogeneity, but recently improved purification methods employing ionic amphipol A8-35 have enhanced supercomplex stability, providing opportunities for determining a more intact structure. Herein, we present a 5.8 Å cryo-EM map of the C. reinhardtii PSII-LHCII supercomplex containing six LHCII trimers (C2S2M2L2). Utilizing a newly developed nonionic amphipol-based purification and stabilizing method, we purified the largest photosynthetic supercomplex to the highest percentage of the intact configuration reported to date. We found that the interprotein distances within the light-harvesting complex array in the green algal photosystem are larger than those previously observed in higher plants, indicating that the potential route of energy transfer in the PSII-LHCII supercomplex in green algae may be altered. Interestingly, we also observed an asymmetric PSII-LHCII supercomplex structure comprising C2S2M1L1 in the same sample. Moreover, we found a new density adjacent to the PSII core complex, attributable to a single-transmembrane helix. It was previously unreported in the cryo-EM maps of PSII-LHCII supercomplexes from land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond N Burton-Smith
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akimasa Watanabe
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Chihong Song
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan .,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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9
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Dauvergne J, Desuzinges EM, Faugier C, Igonet S, Soulié M, Grousson E, Cornut D, Bonneté F, Durand G, Dejean E, Jawhari A. Glycosylated Amphiphilic Calixarene‐Based Detergent for Functional Stabilization of Native Membrane Proteins. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elodie Mandon Desuzinges
- CALIXAR 60 avenue Rockefeller 69008 Lyon France
- CHEM2STAB, laboratoire commun 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 Avignon cedex 9 France
| | - Clarisse Faugier
- CALIXAR 60 avenue Rockefeller 69008 Lyon France
- CHEM2STAB, laboratoire commun 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 Avignon cedex 9 France
| | - Sébastien Igonet
- CALIXAR 60 avenue Rockefeller 69008 Lyon France
- CHEM2STAB, laboratoire commun 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 Avignon cedex 9 France
| | - Marine Soulié
- CHEM2STAB, laboratoire commun 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 Avignon cedex 9 France
- Avignon University, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes amphiphiles 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 Avignon cedex 9 France. Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 UM-CNRS-ENSCM)
| | - Emilie Grousson
- CHEM2STAB, laboratoire commun 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 Avignon cedex 9 France
- Avignon University, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes amphiphiles 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 Avignon cedex 9 France. Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 UM-CNRS-ENSCM)
| | - Damien Cornut
- CHEM2STAB, laboratoire commun 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 Avignon cedex 9 France
- Avignon University, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes amphiphiles 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 Avignon cedex 9 France. Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 UM-CNRS-ENSCM)
| | - Françoise Bonneté
- CHEM2STAB, laboratoire commun 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 Avignon cedex 9 France
- Current address: Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS, Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France
- Avignon University, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes amphiphiles 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 Avignon cedex 9 France. Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 UM-CNRS-ENSCM)
| | - Grégory Durand
- CHEM2STAB, laboratoire commun 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 Avignon cedex 9 France
- Avignon University, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes amphiphiles 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 Avignon cedex 9 France. Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 UM-CNRS-ENSCM)
| | - Emmanuel Dejean
- CALIXAR 60 avenue Rockefeller 69008 Lyon France
- CHEM2STAB, laboratoire commun 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 Avignon cedex 9 France
| | - Anass Jawhari
- CALIXAR 60 avenue Rockefeller 69008 Lyon France
- CHEM2STAB, laboratoire commun 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza – 84916 Avignon cedex 9 France
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10
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Das M, Du Y, Mortensen JS, Bae HE, Byrne B, Loland CJ, Kobilka BK, Chae PS. An Engineered Lithocholate-Based Facial Amphiphile Stabilizes Membrane Proteins: Assessing the Impact of Detergent Customizability on Protein Stability. Chemistry 2018; 24:9860-9868. [PMID: 29741269 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphiles are critical tools for the structural and functional study of membrane proteins. Membrane proteins encapsulated by conventional head-to-tail detergents tend to undergo structural degradation, necessitating the development of structurally novel agents with improved efficacy. In recent years, facial amphiphiles have yielded encouraging results in terms of membrane protein stability. Herein, we report a new facial detergent (i.e., LFA-C4) that confers greater stability to tested membrane proteins than the bola form analogue. Owing to the increased facial property and the adaptability of the detergent micelles in complex with different membrane proteins, LFA-C4 yields increased stability compared to n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside (DDM). Thus, this study not only describes a novel maltoside detergent with enhanced protein-stabilizing properties, but also shows that the customizable nature of a detergent plays an important role in the stabilization of membrane proteins. Owing to both synthetic convenience and enhanced stabilization efficacy for a range of membrane proteins, the new agent has major potential in membrane protein research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabendra Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 155-88, Korea
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Hyoung Eun Bae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 155-88, Korea
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark
| | | | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 155-88, Korea
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11
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Le Bon C, Marconnet A, Masscheleyn S, Popot JL, Zoonens M. Folding and stabilizing membrane proteins in amphipol A8-35. Methods 2018; 147:95-105. [PMID: 29678587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins (MPs) are important pharmacological targets because of their involvement in many essential cellular processes whose dysfunction can lead to a large variety of diseases. A detailed knowledge of the structure of MPs and the molecular mechanisms of their activity is essential to the design of new therapeutic agents. However, studying MPs in vitro is challenging, because it generally implies their overexpression under a functional form, followed by their extraction from membranes and purification. Targeting an overexpressed MP to a membrane is often toxic and expression yields tend to be limited. One alternative is the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs) in the cytosol of the cell, from which MPs need then to be folded to their native conformation before structural and functional analysis can be contemplated. Folding MPs targeted to IBs is a difficult task. Specially designed amphipathic polymers called 'amphipols' (APols), which have been initially developed with the view of improving the stability of MPs in aqueous solutions compared to detergents, can be used to fold both α-helical and β-barrel MPs. APols represent an interesting novel amphipathic medium, in which high folding yields can be achieved. In this review, the properties of APol A8-35 and of the complexes they form with MPs are summarized. An overview of the most important studies reported so far using A8-35 to fold MPs is presented. Finally, from a practical point of view, a detailed description of the folding and trapping methods is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Le Bon
- CNRS/Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Marconnet
- CNRS/Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Masscheleyn
- CNRS/Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Popot
- CNRS/Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Manuela Zoonens
- CNRS/Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, F-75005 Paris, France.
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12
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Abstract
Although membrane proteins account for approximately 30 % of the coding regions of all sequenced genomes and play crucial roles in many fundamental cell processes, there are relatively few membranes with known 3D structure. This is likely due to technical challenges associated with membrane protein extraction, solubilization, and purification. Membrane proteins are classified based on the level of interaction with membrane lipid bilayers, with peripheral membrane proteins associating noncovalently with the membrane, and integral membrane proteins associating more strongly by means of hydrophobic interactions. Generally speaking, peripheral membrane proteins can be purified by milder techniques than integral membrane proteins, whose extraction require phospholipid bilayer disruption by detergents. Here, important criteria for strategies of membrane protein purification are addressed, with a focus on the initial stages of membrane protein solublilization, where problems are most frequently are encountered. Protocols are outlined for the successful extraction of peripheral membrane proteins, solubilization of integral membrane proteins, and detergent removal which is important not only for retaining native protein stability and biological functions, but also for the efficiency of downstream purification techniques.
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13
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Polidori A, Raynal S, Barret LA, Dahani M, Barrot-Ivolot C, Jungas C, Frotscher E, Keller S, Ebel C, Breyton C, Bonneté F. Sparingly fluorinated maltoside-based surfactants for membrane-protein stabilization. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03502c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Folding and stability of integral membrane proteins in amphipols. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 564:327-43. [PMID: 25449655 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Amphipols (APols) are a family of amphipathic polymers designed to keep transmembrane proteins (TMPs) soluble in aqueous solutions in the absence of detergent. APols have proven remarkably efficient at (i) stabilizing TMPs, as compared to detergent solutions, and (ii) folding them from a denatured state to a native, functional one. The underlying physical-chemical mechanisms are discussed.
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15
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Le Bon C, Popot JL, Giusti F. Labeling and functionalizing amphipols for biological applications. J Membr Biol 2014; 247:797-814. [PMID: 24696186 PMCID: PMC4185061 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amphipols (APols) are short amphipathic polymers developed as an alternative to detergents for handling membrane proteins (MPs) in aqueous solution. MPs are, as a rule, much more stable following trapping with APols than they are in detergent solutions. The best-characterized APol to date, called A8-35, is a mixture of short-chain sodium polyacrylates randomly derivatized with octylamine and isopropylamine. Its solution properties have been studied in detail, and it has been used extensively for biochemical and biophysical studies of MPs. One of the attractive characteristics of APols is that it is relatively easy to label them, isotopically or otherwise, without affecting their physical-chemical properties. Furthermore, several variously modified APols can be mixed, achieving multiple functionalization of MP/APol complexes in the easiest possible manner. Labeled or tagged APols are being used to study the solution properties of APols, their miscibility, their biodistribution upon injection into living organisms, their association with MPs and the composition, structure and dynamics of MP/APol complexes, examining the exchange of surfactants at the surface of MPs, labeling MPs to follow their distribution in fractionation experiments or to immobilize them, increasing the contrast between APols and solvent or MPs in biophysical experiments, improving NMR spectra, etc. Labeling or functionalization of APols can take various courses, each of which has its specific constraints and advantages regarding both synthesis and purification. The present review offers an overview of the various derivatives of A8-35 and its congeners that have been developed in our laboratory and discusses the pros and cons of various synthetic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Le Bon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), CNRS/Université Paris 7, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
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16
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Abstract
Amphipols (APols) are short amphipathic polymers that can substitute for detergents at the transmembrane surface of membrane proteins (MPs) and, thereby, keep them soluble in detergent free aqueous solutions. APol-trapped MPs are, as a rule, more stable biochemically than their detergent-solubilized counterparts. APols have proven useful to produce MPs, most noticeably by assisting their folding from the denatured state obtained after solubilizing MP inclusion bodies in either SDS or urea. They facilitate the handling in aqueous solution of fragile MPs for the purpose of proteomics, structural and functional studies, and therapeutics. Because APols can be chemically labeled or functionalized, and they form very stable complexes with MPs, they can also be used to functionalize those indirectly, which opens onto many novel applications. Following a brief recall of the properties of APols and MP/APol complexes, an update is provided of recent progress in these various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zoonens
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-7, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Popot
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-7, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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17
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Zheng X, Dong S, Zheng J, Li D, Li F, Luo Z. Expression, stabilization and purification of membrane proteins via diverse protein synthesis systems and detergents involving cell-free associated with self-assembly peptide surfactants. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:564-74. [PMID: 24566241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in regulating most of physiological actions and metabolism in the bodies, which have become most frequently addressed therapeutic targets for various disorders and diseases. Purified GPCR-based drug discoveries have become routine that approaches to structural study, novel biophysical and biochemical function analyses. However, several bottlenecks that GPCR-directed drugs need to conquer the problems including overexpression, solubilization, and purification as well as stabilization. The breakthroughs are to obtain efficient protein yield and stabilize their functional conformation which are both urgently requiring of effective protein synthesis system methods and optimal surfactants. Cell-free protein synthesis system is superior to the high yields and post-translation modifications, and early signs of self-assembly peptide detergents also emerged to superiority in purification of membrane proteins. We herein focus several predominant protein synthesis systems and surfactants involving the novel peptide detergents, and uncover the advantages of cell-free protein synthesis system with self-assembling peptide detergents in purification of functional GPCRs. This review is useful to further study in membrane proteins as well as the new drug exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Dong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- College of laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Duanhua Li
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Luo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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18
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Chae PS, Kruse AC, Gotfryd K, Rana RR, Cho KH, Rasmussen SGF, Bae HE, Chandra R, Gether U, Guan L, Kobilka BK, Loland CJ, Byrne B, Gellman SH. Novel tripod amphiphiles for membrane protein analysis. Chemistry 2013; 19:15645-51. [PMID: 24123610 PMCID: PMC3947462 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins play central roles in controlling the flow of information and molecules across membranes. Our understanding of membrane protein structures and functions, however, is seriously limited, mainly due to difficulties in handling and analysing these proteins in aqueous solution. The use of a detergent or other amphipathic agents is required to overcome the intrinsic incompatibility between the large lipophilic surfaces displayed by the membrane proteins in their native forms and the polar solvent molecules. Here, we introduce new tripod amphiphiles displaying favourable behaviours toward several membrane protein systems, leading to an enhanced protein solubilisation and stabilisation compared to both conventional detergents and previously described tripod amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University
Ansan, 426-791, (Korea), Fax: (+) 81 31 436 8146
| | - Andrew C. Kruse
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University
Stanford, CA, 94305 (USA)
| | - Kamil Gotfryd
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of
Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Rohini R. Rana
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London
London, SW7 2AZ, (UK)
| | - Kyung Ho Cho
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University
Ansan, 426-791, (Korea), Fax: (+) 81 31 436 8146
| | | | - Hyoung Eun Bae
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University
Ansan, 426-791, (Korea), Fax: (+) 81 31 436 8146
| | - Richa Chandra
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University
Stanford, CA, 94305 (USA)
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of
Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Lan Guan
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University
Stanford, CA, 94305 (USA)
| | - Brian K. Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University
Stanford, CA, 94305 (USA)
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of
Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London
London, SW7 2AZ, (UK)
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison
1101, University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
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19
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Lee J, Lin EW, Lau UY, Hedrick JL, Bat E, Maynard HD. Trehalose glycopolymers as excipients for protein stabilization. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2561-9. [PMID: 23777473 DOI: 10.1021/bm4003046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis of four different trehalose glycopolymers and investigation of their ability to stabilize proteins to heat and lyophilization stress are described. The disaccharide, α,α-trehalose, was modified with a styrenyl acetal, methacrylate acetal, styrenyl ether, or methacrylate moiety resulting in four different monomers. These monomers were then separately polymerized using free radical polymerization with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator to synthesize the glycopolymers. Horseradish peroxidase and glucose oxidase were incubated at 70 and 50 °C, respectively, and β-galactosidase was lyophilized multiple times in the presence of various ratios of the polymers or trehalose. The protein activities were subsequently tested and found to be significantly higher when the polymers were present during the stress compared to no additive and to equivalent amounts of trehalose. Different molecular weights (10 kDa, 20 kDa, and 40 kDa) were tested, and all were equivalent in their stabilization ability. However, some subtle differences were observed regarding stabilization ability between the different polymer samples, depending on the stress. Small molecules such as benzyl ether trehalose were not better stabilizers than trehalose, and the trehalose monomer decreased protein activity, suggesting that hydrophobized trehalose was not sufficient and that the polymeric structure was required. In addition, cytotoxicity studies with NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were conducted with polymer concentrations up to 8 mg/mL. The data showed that all four polymers were noncytotoxic for all tested concentrations. The results together suggest that trehalose glycopolymers are promising as additives to protect proteins from a variety of stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
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20
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Le Roy A, Nury H, Wiseman B, Sarwan J, Jault JM, Ebel C. Sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation in hydrogenated and deuterated solvents for the characterization of membrane proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1033:219-251. [PMID: 23996181 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-487-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This chapter is a step-by-step protocol for setting up, realizing, and analyzing sedimentation velocity experiments in hydrogenated and deuterated solvents, in the context of the characterization of membrane protein, in terms of homogeneity, association state, and amount of bound detergent, based on a real case study of the membrane protein BmrA solubilized in n-Dodecyl-β-D-Maltopyranoside) detergent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Le Roy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, Grenoble, France
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21
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Chae PS, Rasmussen SGF, Rana RR, Gotfryd K, Kruse AC, Manglik A, Cho KH, Nurva S, Gether U, Guan L, Loland CJ, Byrne B, Kobilka BK, Gellman SH. A new class of amphiphiles bearing rigid hydrophobic groups for solubilization and stabilization of membrane proteins. Chemistry 2012; 18:9485-90. [PMID: 22730191 PMCID: PMC3493560 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791 (Korea)
| | | | - Rohini R. Rana
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Kamil Gotfryd
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Andrew C. Kruse
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Aashish Manglik
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Kyung Ho Cho
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791 (Korea)
| | - Shailika Nurva
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430 (USA)
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430 (USA)
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Brian K. Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
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22
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Zhang J, Markiewicz MJ, Weisblum B, Stahl SS, Gellman SH. Functionally Diverse Nylon-3 Copolymers from Readily Accessible β-Lactams. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:714-717. [PMID: 23355958 DOI: 10.1021/mz300172y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new family of β-lactams is described that enables anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) to prepare nylon-3 materials bearing diverse appended functionality, including carboxylic acid, thiol, hydroxyl and secondary amine groups. Nylon-3 copolymers generated with the new β-lactams are shown to display distinctive self-assembly behavior and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew J. Markiewicz
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bernard Weisblum
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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23
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Sharma SK, Durand G, Pucci B. Synthesis and Determination of Polymerization Rate Constants of Glucose-Based Monomers. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/138577211x587690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shivaji K. Sharma
- a Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Faculté des Sciences, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Grégory Durand
- b Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Faculté des Sciences, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, F-84000 Avignon, France, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS-Universités Montpellier I & II, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France;,
| | - Bernard Pucci
- c Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Faculté des Sciences, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, F-84000 Avignon, France, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS-Universités Montpellier I & II, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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24
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Kyrychenko A, Rodnin MV, Vargas-Uribe M, Sharma SK, Durand G, Pucci B, Popot JL, Ladokhin AS. Folding of diphtheria toxin T-domain in the presence of amphipols and fluorinated surfactants: Toward thermodynamic measurements of membrane protein folding. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1818:1006-12. [PMID: 21945883 PMCID: PMC3261334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Solubilizing membrane proteins for functional, structural and thermodynamic studies is usually achieved with the help of detergents, which, however, tend to destabilize them. Several classes of non-detergent surfactants have been designed as milder substitutes for detergents, most prominently amphipathic polymers called 'amphipols' and fluorinated surfactants. Here we test the potential usefulness of these compounds for thermodynamic studies by examining their effect on conformational transitions of the diphtheria toxin T-domain. The advantage of the T-domain as a model system is that it exists as a soluble globular protein at neutral pH yet is converted into a membrane-competent form by acidification and inserts into the lipid bilayer as part of its physiological action. We have examined the effects of various surfactants on two conformational transitions of the T-domain, thermal unfolding and pH-induced transition to a membrane-competent form. All tested detergent and non-detergent surfactants lowered the cooperativity of the thermal unfolding of the T-domain. The dependence of enthalpy of unfolding on surfactant concentration was found to be least for fluorinated surfactants, thus making them useful candidates for thermodynamic studies. Circular dichroism measurements demonstrate that non-ionic homopolymeric amphipols (NAhPols), unlike any other surfactants, can actively cause a conformational change of the T-domain. NAhPol-induced structural rearrangements are different from those observed during thermal denaturation and are suggested to be related to the formation of the membrane-competent form of the T-domain. Measurements of leakage of vesicle content indicate that interaction with NAhPols not only does not prevent the T-domain from inserting into the bilayer, but it can make bilayer permeabilization even more efficient, whereas the pH-dependence of membrane permeabilization becomes more cooperative. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Folding in Membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kyrychenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-7421, U.S.A
| | - Mykola V. Rodnin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-7421, U.S.A
| | - Mauricio Vargas-Uribe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-7421, U.S.A
| | - Shivaji K. Sharma
- Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Grégory Durand
- Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, F-84000 Avignon, France
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247), 15 avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Bernard Pucci
- Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, F-84000 Avignon, France
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247), 15 avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Luc Popot
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7099, CNRS and Université Paris-7 F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexey S. Ladokhin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-7421, U.S.A
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25
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Sharma KS, Durand G, Gabel F, Bazzacco P, Le Bon C, Billon-Denis E, Catoire LJ, Popot JL, Ebel C, Pucci B. Non-ionic amphiphilic homopolymers: synthesis, solution properties, and biochemical validation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:4625-4639. [PMID: 22299604 DOI: 10.1021/la205026r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of nonionic amphipols for handling membrane proteins in detergent-free aqueous solutions has been obtained through free-radical homo-telomerization of an acrylamide-based monomer comprising a C(11) alkyl chain and two glucose moieties, using a thiol as transfer reagent. By controlling the thiol/monomer ratio, the number-average molecular weight of the polymers was varied from 8 to 63 kDa. Homopolymeric nonionic amphipols were found to be highly soluble in water and to self-organize, within a large concentration range, into small, compact particles of ~6 nm diameter with a narrow size distribution, regardless of the molecular weight of the polymer. They proved able to trap and stabilize two test membrane proteins, bacteriorhodopsin from Halobium salinarum and the outer membrane protein X of Escherichia coli, under the form of small and well-defined complexes, whose size, composition, and shape were studied by aqueous size-exclusion chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation, and small-angle neutron scattering. As shown in a companion paper, nonionic amphipols can be used for membrane protein folding, cell-free synthesis, and solution NMR studies (Bazzacco et al. 2012, Biochemistry, DOI: 10.1021/bi201862v).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shivaji Sharma
- Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, Avignon, France
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26
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Bazzacco P, Billon-Denis E, Sharma KS, Catoire LJ, Mary S, Le Bon C, Point E, Banères JL, Durand G, Zito F, Pucci B, Popot JL. Nonionic Homopolymeric Amphipols: Application to Membrane Protein Folding, Cell-Free Synthesis, and Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Biochemistry 2012; 51:1416-30. [DOI: 10.1021/bi201862v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bazzacco
- Unité Mixte de Recherche
7099, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris 7, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,
13 rue Pierre-et-Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Billon-Denis
- Unité Mixte de Recherche
7099, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris 7, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,
13 rue Pierre-et-Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - K. Shivaji Sharma
- Université d′Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Equipe Chimie
Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur,
F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Laurent J. Catoire
- Unité Mixte de Recherche
7099, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris 7, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,
13 rue Pierre-et-Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Mary
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Christel Le Bon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche
7099, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris 7, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,
13 rue Pierre-et-Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Elodie Point
- Unité Mixte de Recherche
7099, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris 7, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,
13 rue Pierre-et-Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Banères
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Grégory Durand
- Université d′Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Equipe Chimie
Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur,
F-84000 Avignon, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Francesca Zito
- Unité Mixte de Recherche
7099, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris 7, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,
13 rue Pierre-et-Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Pucci
- Université d′Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Equipe Chimie
Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur,
F-84000 Avignon, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Luc Popot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche
7099, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris 7, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique,
13 rue Pierre-et-Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
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Abla M, Durand G, Breyton C, Raynal S, Ebel C, Pucci B. A diglucosylated fluorinated surfactant to handle integral membrane proteins in aqueous solution. J Fluor Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Popot JL, Althoff T, Bagnard D, Banères JL, Bazzacco P, Billon-Denis E, Catoire LJ, Champeil P, Charvolin D, Cocco MJ, Crémel G, Dahmane T, de la Maza LM, Ebel C, Gabel F, Giusti F, Gohon Y, Goormaghtigh E, Guittet E, Kleinschmidt JH, Kühlbrandt W, Le Bon C, Martinez KL, Picard M, Pucci B, Sachs JN, Tribet C, van Heijenoort C, Wien F, Zito F, Zoonens M. Amphipols from A to Z. Annu Rev Biophys 2011; 40:379-408. [PMID: 21545287 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-042910-155219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amphipols (APols) are short amphipathic polymers that can substitute for detergents to keep integral membrane proteins (MPs) water soluble. In this review, we discuss their structure and solution behavior; the way they associate with MPs; and the structure, dynamics, and solution properties of the resulting complexes. All MPs tested to date form water-soluble complexes with APols, and their biochemical stability is in general greatly improved compared with MPs in detergent solutions. The functionality and ligand-binding properties of APol-trapped MPs are reviewed, and the mechanisms by which APols stabilize MPs are discussed. Applications of APols include MP folding and cell-free synthesis, structural studies by NMR, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, APol-mediated immobilization of MPs onto solid supports, proteomics, delivery of MPs to preexisting membranes, and vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-L Popot
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS/Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Paris, France.
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Dahmane T, Giusti F, Catoire LJ, Popot JL. Sulfonated amphipols: synthesis, properties, and applications. Biopolymers 2011; 95:811-23. [PMID: 21638274 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Amphipols (APols) are amphiphatic polymers that keep membrane proteins (MPs) water-soluble. The best characterized and most widely used APol to date, A8-35, comprises a polyacrylate backbone grafted with octyl- and isopropylamine side chains. The nature of its hydrophilic moieties prevents its use at the slightly acidic pH that is desirable to slow down the rate of amide proton exchange in solution NMR studies. We describe here the synthesis and properties of pH-insensitive APols obtained by replacing isopropyles with taurine. Sulfonated APols (SAPols) can be used to trap MPs in the form of small complexes, to stabilize them, and to keep them water-soluble even at low pH. [(15) N,(1) H]-transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy NMR spectra obtained at pH 6.8 of a bacterial outer MP folded in SAPols show that the protein is correctly folded. The spectra have a resolution similar to that achieved with A8-35 and reveal water-exposed amide and indole protons whose resonance peaks are absent at pH 8.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassadite Dahmane
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire des Membranes Biologiques, UMR 7099, CNRS and Université Paris-7, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS IFR 550, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
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Klammt C, Perrin MH, Maslennikov I, Renault L, Krupa M, Kwiatkowski W, Stahlberg H, Vale W, Choe S. Polymer-based cell-free expression of ligand-binding family B G-protein coupled receptors without detergents. Protein Sci 2011; 20:1030-41. [PMID: 21465615 DOI: 10.1002/pro.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of intercellular signaling molecules and are estimated to be the target of more than 50% of all modern drugs. As with most integral membrane proteins (IMPs), a major bottleneck in the structural and biochemical analysis of GPCRs is their expression by conventional expression systems. Cell-free (CF) expression provides a relatively new and powerful tool for obtaining preparative amounts of IMPs. However, in the case of GPCRs, insufficient homogeneity of the targeted protein is a problem as the in vitro expression is mainly done with detergents, in which aggregation and solubilization difficulties, as well as problems with proper folding of hydrophilic domains, are common. Here, we report that using CF expression with the help of a fructose-based polymer, NV10 polymer (NVoy), we obtained preparative amounts of homogeneous GPCRs from the three GPCR families. We demonstrate that two GPCR B family members, corticotrophin-releasing factor receptors 1 and 2β are not only solubilized in NVoy but also have functional ligand-binding characteristics with different agonists and antagonists in a detergent-free environment as well. Our findings open new possibilities for functional and structural studies of GPCRs and IMPs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Klammt
- Structural Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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31
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Ebel C. Sedimentation velocity to characterize surfactants and solubilized membrane proteins. Methods 2011; 54:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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32
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Banères JL, Popot JL, Mouillac B. New advances in production and functional folding of G-protein-coupled receptors. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:314-22. [PMID: 21497924 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of integral membrane proteins, participate in the regulation of many physiological functions and are the targets of approximately 30% of currently marketed drugs. However, knowledge of the structural and molecular bases of GPCR functions remains limited owing to difficulties related to their overexpression, purification and stabilization. The development of new strategies aimed at obtaining large amounts of functional GPCRs is therefore crucial. Here, we review the most recent advances in the production and functional folding of GPCRs from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies. Major breakthroughs open exciting perspectives for structural and dynamic investigations of GPCRs. In particular, combining targeting to bacterial inclusion bodies with amphipol-assisted folding is emerging as a highly powerful strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Banères
- CNRS, UMR-5247, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, F-34000 Montpellier, France
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Abla M, Durand G, Pucci B. Propyl-Ended Hemifluorinated Surfactants: Synthesis and Self-Assembling Properties. J Org Chem 2011; 76:2084-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102245c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maher Abla
- Université d′Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Faculté des Sciences, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Grégory Durand
- Université d′Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Faculté des Sciences, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, F-84000 Avignon, France
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS-Universités Montpellier I & II, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Bernard Pucci
- Université d′Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Faculté des Sciences, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, F-84000 Avignon, France
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS-Universités Montpellier I & II, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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Chae PS, Gotfryd K, Pacyna J, Miercke LJW, Rasmussen SGF, Robbins RA, Rana RR, Loland CJ, Kobilka B, Stroud R, Byrne B, Gether U, Gellman SH. Tandem facial amphiphiles for membrane protein stabilization. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16750-2. [PMID: 21049926 PMCID: PMC3050673 DOI: 10.1021/ja1072959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new type of synthetic amphiphile that is intended to support biochemical characterization of intrinsic membrane proteins. Members of this new family displayed favorable behavior with four of five membrane proteins tested, and these amphiphiles formed relatively small micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Kamil Gotfryd
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Pacyna
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Larry J. W. Miercke
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | | | - Rebecca A. Robbins
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Rohini R. Rana
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Popot JL. Amphipols, Nanodiscs, and Fluorinated Surfactants: Three Nonconventional Approaches to Studying Membrane Proteins in Aqueous Solutions. Annu Rev Biochem 2010; 79:737-75. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.052208.114057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Popot
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire des Protéines Membranaires, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7099, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paris-7 Denis Diderot, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France; e-mail:
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36
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Tang H, Zhang D. General Route toward Side-Chain-Functionalized α-Helical Polypeptides. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1585-92. [DOI: 10.1021/bm1002174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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