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Rani R, Rengarajan P, Sethi T, Khuntia BK, Kumar A, Punera DS, Singh D, Girase B, Shrivastava A, Juvekar SK, Pesala B, Mukerji M, Deepak KK, Prasher B. Heart rate variability during head-up tilt shows inter-individual differences among healthy individuals of extreme Prakriti types. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15435. [PMID: 36106418 PMCID: PMC9475339 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autonomic modulation is critical during various physiological activities, including orthostatic stimuli and primarily evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV). Orthostatic stress affects people differently suggesting the possibility of identification of predisposed groups to autonomic dysfunction-related disorders in a healthy state. One way to understand this kind of variability is by using Ayurvedic approach that classifies healthy individuals into Prakriti types based on clinical phenotypes. To this end, we explored the differential response to orthostatic stress in different Prakriti types using HRV. HRV was measured in 379 subjects(Vata = 97, Pitta = 68, Kapha = 68, and Mixed Prakriti = 146) from two geographical regions(Vadu and Delhi NCR) for 5 min supine (baseline), 3 min head-up-tilt (HUT) at 60°, and 5 min resupine. We observed that Kapha group had lower baseline HRV than other two groups, although not statistically significant. The relative change (%Δ1&2 ) in various HRV parameters in response to HUT was although minimal in Kapha group. Kapha also had significantly lower change in HR, LF (nu), HF (nu), and LF/HF than Pitta in response to HUT. The relative change (%Δ1 ) in HR and parasympathetic parameters (RMSSD, HF, SD1) was significantly greater in the Vata than in the Kapha. Thus, the low baseline and lower response to HUT in Kapha and the maximum drop in parasympathetic activity of Vata may indicate a predisposition to early autonomic dysfunction and associated conditions. It emphasizes the critical role of Prakriti-based phenotyping in stratifying the differential responses of cardiac autonomic modulation in various postures among healthy individuals across different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Rani
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and GenomicsCSIR‐Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyDelhiIndia
- CSIR's Ayurgenomics Unit–TRISUTRA (Translational Research and Innovative Science ThRough Ayurgenomics) CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyDelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | | | - Tavpritesh Sethi
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyDelhiIndia
- Indraprastha Institute of Information TechnologyDelhiIndia
| | - Bharat Krushna Khuntia
- CSIR's Ayurgenomics Unit–TRISUTRA (Translational Research and Innovative Science ThRough Ayurgenomics) CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyDelhiIndia
| | - Arvind Kumar
- CSIR's Ayurgenomics Unit–TRISUTRA (Translational Research and Innovative Science ThRough Ayurgenomics) CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyDelhiIndia
| | - Deep Shikha Punera
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and GenomicsCSIR‐Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyDelhiIndia
- CSIR's Ayurgenomics Unit–TRISUTRA (Translational Research and Innovative Science ThRough Ayurgenomics) CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyDelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Deepika Singh
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and GenomicsCSIR‐Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyDelhiIndia
- CSIR's Ayurgenomics Unit–TRISUTRA (Translational Research and Innovative Science ThRough Ayurgenomics) CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyDelhiIndia
| | - Bhushan Girase
- Vadu Rural Health ProgramKEM Hospital Research CentrePuneIndia
| | | | | | - Bala Pesala
- Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurRajasthanIndia
| | - Mitali Mukerji
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and GenomicsCSIR‐Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyDelhiIndia
- CSIR's Ayurgenomics Unit–TRISUTRA (Translational Research and Innovative Science ThRough Ayurgenomics) CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyDelhiIndia
- Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurRajasthanIndia
| | | | - Bhavana Prasher
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and GenomicsCSIR‐Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyDelhiIndia
- CSIR's Ayurgenomics Unit–TRISUTRA (Translational Research and Innovative Science ThRough Ayurgenomics) CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics & Integrative BiologyDelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
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Huang Z, Chavda VP, Bezbaruah R, Uversky VN, P. S, Patel AB, Chen ZS. An Ayurgenomics Approach: Prakriti-Based Drug Discovery and Development for Personalized Care. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:866827. [PMID: 35431922 PMCID: PMC9011054 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.866827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Originating in ancient India, Ayurveda is an alternative medicinal approach that provides substantial evidence for a theoretical-level analysis of all aspects of life. Unlike modern medicine, Ayurveda is based upon tridoshas (Vata, pitta, and Kapha) and Prakriti. On the other hand, the research of all the genes involved at the proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptome levels are referred to as genomics. Geoclimatic regions (deshanupatini), familial characteristics (kulanupatini), and ethnicity (jatiprasakta) have all been shown to affect phenotypic variability. The combination of genomics with Ayurveda known as ayurgenomics provided new insights into tridosha that may pave the way for precision medicine (personalized medicine). Through successful coordination of “omics,” Prakriti-based treatments can help change the existing situation in health care. Prakriti refers to an individual’s behavioral trait, which is established at the moment of birth and cannot be fully altered during one’s existence. Ayurvedic methodologies are based on three Prakriti aspects: aushadhi (medication), vihara (lifestyle), and ahara (diet). A foundation of Prakriti-based medicine, preventative medicine, and improvement of life quality with longevity can be accomplished through these ayurvedic characteristics. In this perspective, we try to understand prakriti’s use in personalized medicine, and how to integrate it with programs for drug development and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoufang Huang
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
- *Correspondence: Vivek P. Chavda, ; Zhe-Sheng Chen,
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sucharitha P.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, India
| | | | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Vivek P. Chavda, ; Zhe-Sheng Chen,
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Abbas T, Chaturvedi G, Prakrithi P, Pathak AK, Kutum R, Dakle P, Narang A, Manchanda V, Patil R, Aggarwal D, Girase B, Srivastava A, Kapoor M, Gupta I, Pandey R, Juvekar S, Dash D, Mukerji M, Prasher B. Whole Exome Sequencing in Healthy Individuals of Extreme Constitution Types Reveals Differential Disease Risk: A Novel Approach towards Predictive Medicine. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030489. [PMID: 35330488 PMCID: PMC8952204 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine aims to move from traditional reactive medicine to a system where risk groups can be identified before the disease occurs. However, phenotypic heterogeneity amongst the diseased and healthy poses a major challenge for identification markers for risk stratification and early actionable interventions. In Ayurveda, individuals are phenotypically stratified into seven constitution types based on multisystem phenotypes termed “Prakriti”. It enables the prediction of health and disease trajectories and the selection of health interventions. We hypothesize that exome sequencing in healthy individuals of phenotypically homogeneous Prakriti types might enable the identification of functional variations associated with the constitution types. Exomes of 144 healthy Prakriti stratified individuals and controls from two genetically homogeneous cohorts (north and western India) revealed differential risk for diseases/traits like metabolic disorders, liver diseases, and body and hematological measurements amongst healthy individuals. These SNPs differ significantly from the Indo-European background control as well. Amongst these we highlight novel SNPs rs304447 (IFIT5) and rs941590 (SERPINA10) that could explain differential trajectories for immune response, bleeding or thrombosis. Our method demonstrates the requirement of a relatively smaller sample size for a well powered study. This study highlights the potential of integrating a unique phenotyping approach for the identification of predictive markers and the at-risk population amongst the healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahseen Abbas
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi 110020, India; (T.A.); (G.C.); (R.K.); (P.D.); (A.N.); (V.M.)
- Informatics and Big Data Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gaura Chaturvedi
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi 110020, India; (T.A.); (G.C.); (R.K.); (P.D.); (A.N.); (V.M.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110020, India; (P.P.); (A.K.P.)
| | - P. Prakrithi
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110020, India; (P.P.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Ankit Kumar Pathak
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110020, India; (P.P.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Rintu Kutum
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi 110020, India; (T.A.); (G.C.); (R.K.); (P.D.); (A.N.); (V.M.)
- Informatics and Big Data Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pushkar Dakle
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi 110020, India; (T.A.); (G.C.); (R.K.); (P.D.); (A.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Ankita Narang
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi 110020, India; (T.A.); (G.C.); (R.K.); (P.D.); (A.N.); (V.M.)
- Informatics and Big Data Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110020, India
| | - Vijeta Manchanda
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi 110020, India; (T.A.); (G.C.); (R.K.); (P.D.); (A.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Rutuja Patil
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune 412216, India; (R.P.); (D.A.); (B.G.); (A.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Dhiraj Aggarwal
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune 412216, India; (R.P.); (D.A.); (B.G.); (A.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Bhushan Girase
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune 412216, India; (R.P.); (D.A.); (B.G.); (A.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune 412216, India; (R.P.); (D.A.); (B.G.); (A.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Manav Kapoor
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Ishaan Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi 110007, India;
| | - Sanjay Juvekar
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune 412216, India; (R.P.); (D.A.); (B.G.); (A.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Debasis Dash
- Informatics and Big Data Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (M.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Mitali Mukerji
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi 110020, India; (T.A.); (G.C.); (R.K.); (P.D.); (A.N.); (V.M.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110020, India; (P.P.); (A.K.P.)
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 62, Jodhpur 342037, India
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (M.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Bhavana Prasher
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi 110020, India; (T.A.); (G.C.); (R.K.); (P.D.); (A.N.); (V.M.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110020, India; (P.P.); (A.K.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (M.M.); (B.P.)
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Exploring AyuGenomics approach for understanding COVID-19 predisposition and progression. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100463. [PMID: 34177193 PMCID: PMC8221020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports on COVID-19 suggest that, the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and its progression have a genetic predisposition. Majorly associated genetic variants are found in human leukocyte antigen (HLA), angiotensin convertase enzyme (ACE; rs1799752: ACE2; rs73635825), and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS-2; rs12329760) genes. Identifying highly prone population having these variants is imperative for determining COVID-19 therapeutic strategies. Ayurveda (Indian traditional system of medicine) concept of Prakriti holds potential to predict genomic and phenotypic variations. Reported work on Prakriti correlates HLA-DR alleles with three broad phenotypes (Tridosha) described in Ayurveda (AyuGenomics). This is suggestive of differences in immune responses in individuals with specific constitutions. Therefore, the reported studies provide clues for clinically relevant hypotheses to be tested in systematic studies. The proposed approach of Ayurveda-based phenotype screening may offer a way ahead to design customized strategies for management of COVID-19 based on differences in Prakriti, immune response, and drug response. However, this needs clinical evaluation of the relation between Prakriti and genetic or phenotypic variants in COVID-19 prone and resistant populations.
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Chakraborty S, Singhmar S, Singh D, Maulik M, Patil R, Agrawal SK, Mishra A, Ghazi M, Vats A, Natarajan VT, Juvekar S, Prasher B, Mukerji M. Baseline cell proliferation rates and response to UV differ in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from healthy individuals of extreme constitution types. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:903-913. [PMID: 33870855 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1909884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in human phenotypes and susceptibility to complex diseases are an outcome of genetic and environmental interactions. This is evident in diseases that progress through a common set of intermediate patho-endophenotypes. Precision medicine aims to delineate molecular players for individualized and early interventions. Functional studies of lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) model of phenotypically well-characterized healthy individuals can help deconvolute and validate these molecular mechanisms. In this study, LCLs are developed from eight healthy individuals belonging to three extreme constitution types, deep phenotyped on the basis of Ayurveda. LCLs were characterized by karyotyping and immunophenotyping. Growth characteristics and response to UV were studied in these LCLs. Significant differences in cell proliferation rates were observed between the contrasting groups such that one type (Kapha) proliferates significantly slower than the other two (Vata, Pitta). In response to UV, one of the fast growing groups (Vata) shows higher cell death but recovers its numbers due to an inherent higher rates of proliferation. This study reveals that baseline differences in cell proliferation could be a key to understanding the survivability of cells under UV stress. Variability in baseline cellular phenotypes not only explains the cellular basis of different constitution types but can also help set priors during the design of an individualized therapy with DNA damaging agents. This is the first study of its kind that shows variability of intermediate patho-phenotypes among healthy individuals with potential implications in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Chakraborty
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sunanda Singhmar
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Dayanidhi Singh
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mahua Maulik
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Rutuja Patil
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satyam Kumar Agrawal
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,School of Pharmacy and Emerging Sciences (SPES), Baddi University of Emerging Science and Technology (BUEST), Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anushree Mishra
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Madeeha Ghazi
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Archana Vats
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek T Natarajan
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sanjay Juvekar
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhavana Prasher
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mitali Mukerji
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Ayurgenomics and Modern Medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56120661. [PMID: 33265906 PMCID: PMC7760374 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Within the disciplines of modern medicine, P4 medicine is emerging as a new field which focuses on the whole patient. The development of Ayurgenomics could greatly enrich P4 medicine by providing a clear theoretical understanding of the whole patient and a practical application of ancient and modern preventative and therapeutic practices to improve mental and physical health. One of the most difficult challenges today is understanding the ancient concepts of Ayurveda in terms of modern science. To date, a number of researchers have attempted this task, of which one of the most successful outcomes is the creation of the new field of Ayurgenomics. Ayurgenomics integrates concepts in Ayurveda, such as Prakriti, with modern genetics research. It correlates the combination of three doshas, Vata, Pitta and Kapha, with the expression of specific genes and physiological characteristics. It also helps to interpret Ayurveda as an ancient science of epigenetics which assesses the current state of the doshas, and uses specific personalized diet and lifestyle recommendations to improve a patient’s health. This review provides a current update of this emerging field.
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Sharma R, Prajapati PK. Predictive, Preventive and Personalized Medicine: Leads From Ayurvedic Concept of Prakriti (Human Constitution). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-020-00244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Katiyar CK, Hazra R, Kanjilal S. Correlating Ayurveda and biotechnology: approaches for the 21st century and beyond. Anim Biotechnol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811710-1.00036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Venkatraman A, Nandy R, Rao SS, Mehta DH, Viswanathan A, Jayasundar R. Tantra and Modern Neurosciences: Is there any Correlation? Neurol India 2019; 67:1188-1193. [PMID: 31744942 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.271263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many studies have conclusively proven that meditative techniques derived from the Indian systems of philosophy, meditation and ritual classified as "Tantra" can bring about sustained changes in the structure and function of the nervous system of practitioners. The aim of this study is to provide neuroscientists a framework through which to interpret Tantra, and thereby provide a foundation upon which future interdisciplinary study can be built. METHODS We juxtapose Tantric concepts such as the subtle body, nadis and mantras with relevant neuroscientific findings. Our premise is that through sustained internalization of attention, Tantric practitioners were able to identify and document subtle changes in their field of awareness, which usually do not cross the threshold to come into our perception. RESULTS The descriptions left by Tantric philosophers are often detailed and empirical, but they are about subjective phenomena, rather than external objects. They also focus on individual experiences, rather than the group-level analyses favored by modern medical science. CONCLUSION Systematic exploration of Tantric texts can be of tremendous value in expanding our understanding of human beings' experiential reality, by enabling us to build bridges between first-person and third-person approaches to the nervous system. This may open up new avenues for cognitive enhancement and treating neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Venkatraman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Shyam Sudarshan Rao
- Department of Neurology, Brown University Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Darshan Hemendra Mehta
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anand Viswanathan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rama Jayasundar
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Big Data Analysis of Traditional Knowledge-based Ayurveda Medicine. PROGRESS IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/pp9.0000000000000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chauhan NS, Pandey R, Mondal AK, Gupta S, Verma MK, Jain S, Ahmed V, Patil R, Agarwal D, Girase B, Shrivastava A, Mobeen F, Sharma V, Srivastava TP, Juvekar SK, Prasher B, Mukerji M, Dash D. Western Indian Rural Gut Microbial Diversity in Extreme Prakriti Endo-Phenotypes Reveals Signature Microbes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:118. [PMID: 29487572 PMCID: PMC5816807 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity amidst healthy individuals at genomic level is being widely acknowledged. This, in turn, is modulated by differential response to environmental cues and treatment regimens, necessitating the need for stratified/personalized therapy. We intend to understand the molecular determinants of Ayurvedic way (ancient Indian system of medicine) of endo-phenotyping individuals into distinct constitution types termed “Prakriti,” which forms the basis of personalized treatment. In this study, we explored and analyzed the healthy human gut microbiome structure within three predominant Prakriti groups from a genetically homogenous cohort to discover differentially abundant taxa, using 16S rRNA gene based microbial community profiling. We found Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes as major gut microbial components in varying composition, albeit with similar trend across Prakriti. Multiple species of the core microbiome showed differential abundance within Prakriti types, with gender specific signature taxons. Our study reveals that despite overall uniform composition of gut microbial community, healthy individuals belonging to different Prakriti groups have enrichment of specific bacteria. It highlights the importance of Prakriti based endo-phenotypes to explain the variability amongst healthy individuals in gut microbial flora that have important consequences for an individual's health, disease and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nar S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit - TRISUTRA (Translational Research and Innovative Science ThRough Ayurgenomics), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupam K Mondal
- G.N. Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Shashank Gupta
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit - TRISUTRA (Translational Research and Innovative Science ThRough Ayurgenomics), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj K Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Sweta Jain
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit - TRISUTRA (Translational Research and Innovative Science ThRough Ayurgenomics), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vasim Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Rutuja Patil
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Dhiraj Agarwal
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Bhushan Girase
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | | | - Fauzul Mobeen
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, India
| | | | - Sanjay K Juvekar
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Bhavana Prasher
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit - TRISUTRA (Translational Research and Innovative Science ThRough Ayurgenomics), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine and CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mitali Mukerji
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit - TRISUTRA (Translational Research and Innovative Science ThRough Ayurgenomics), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine and CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Debasis Dash
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit - TRISUTRA (Translational Research and Innovative Science ThRough Ayurgenomics), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,G.N. Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
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Traditional Knowledge-based Medicine: A Review of History, Principles, and Relevance in the Present Context of P4 Systems Medicine. PROGRESS IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/pp9.0000000000000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Recapitulation of Ayurveda constitution types by machine learning of phenotypic traits. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185380. [PMID: 28981546 PMCID: PMC5628820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In Ayurveda system of medicine individuals are classified into seven constitution types, “Prakriti”, for assessing disease susceptibility and drug responsiveness. Prakriti evaluation involves clinical examination including questions about physiological and behavioural traits. A need was felt to develop models for accurately predicting Prakriti classes that have been shown to exhibit molecular differences. The present study was carried out on data of phenotypic attributes in 147 healthy individuals of three extreme Prakriti types, from a genetically homogeneous population of Western India. Unsupervised and supervised machine learning approaches were used to infer inherent structure of the data, and for feature selection and building classification models for Prakriti respectively. These models were validated in a North Indian population. Unsupervised clustering led to emergence of three natural clusters corresponding to three extreme Prakriti classes. The supervised modelling approaches could classify individuals, with distinct Prakriti types, in the training and validation sets. This study is the first to demonstrate that Prakriti types are distinct verifiable clusters within a multidimensional space of multiple interrelated phenotypic traits. It also provides a computational framework for predicting Prakriti classes from phenotypic attributes. This approach may be useful in precision medicine for stratification of endophenotypes in healthy and diseased populations.
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Prasher B, Varma B, Kumar A, Khuntia BK, Pandey R, Narang A, Tiwari P, Kutum R, Guin D, Kukreti R, Dash D, Mukerji M. Ayurgenomics for stratified medicine: TRISUTRA consortium initiative across ethnically and geographically diverse Indian populations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 197:274-293. [PMID: 27457695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic differences in the target proteins, metabolizing enzymes and transporters that contribute to inter-individual differences in drug response are not integrated in contemporary drug development programs. Ayurveda, that has propelled many drug discovery programs albeit for the search of new chemical entities incorporates inter-individual variability "Prakriti" in development and administration of drug in an individualized manner. Prakriti of an individual largely determines responsiveness to external environment including drugs as well as susceptibility to diseases. Prakriti has also been shown to have molecular and genomic correlates. We highlight how integration of Prakriti concepts can augment the efficiency of drug discovery and development programs through a unique initiative of Ayurgenomics TRISUTRA consortium. METHODS Five aspects that have been carried out are (1) analysis of variability in FDA approved pharmacogenomics genes/SNPs in exomes of 72 healthy individuals including predominant Prakriti types and matched controls from a North Indian Indo-European cohort (2) establishment of a consortium network and development of five genetically homogeneous cohorts from diverse ethnic and geo-climatic background (3) identification of parameters and development of uniform standard protocols for objective assessment of Prakriti types (4) development of protocols for Prakriti evaluation and its application in more than 7500 individuals in the five cohorts (5) Development of data and sample repository and integrative omics pipelines for identification of genomic correlates. RESULTS Highlight of the study are (1) Exome sequencing revealed significant differences between Prakriti types in 28 SNPs of 11 FDA approved genes of pharmacogenomics relevance viz. CYP2C19, CYP2B6, ESR1, F2, PGR, HLA-B, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DRB1, LDLR, CFTR, CPS1. These variations are polymorphic in diverse Indian and world populations included in 1000 genomes project. (2) Based on the phenotypic attributes of Prakriti we identified anthropometry for anatomical features, biophysical parameters for skin types, HRV for autonomic function tests, spirometry for vital capacity and gustometry for taste thresholds as objective parameters. (3) Comparison of Prakriti phenotypes across different ethnic, age and gender groups led to identification of invariant features as well as some that require weighted considerations across the cohorts. CONCLUSION Considering the molecular and genomics differences underlying Prakriti and relevance in disease pharmacogenomics studies, this novel integrative platform would help in identification of differently susceptible and drug responsive population. Additionally, integrated analysis of phenomic and genomic variations would not only allow identification of clinical and genomic markers of Prakriti for application in personalized medicine but also its integration in drug discovery and development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Prasher
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit- TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India; Genomics and Molecular Medicine & CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative research, CSIR-IGIB, Delhi, India.
| | - Binuja Varma
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit- TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit- TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Bharat Krushna Khuntia
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit- TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit- TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Ankita Narang
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit- TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Pradeep Tiwari
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit- TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative research, CSIR-IGIB, Delhi, India
| | - Rintu Kutum
- G.N.Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative research, CSIR-IGIB, Delhi, India
| | - Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine & CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine & CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Debasis Dash
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit- TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India; G.N.Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative research, CSIR-IGIB, Delhi, India
| | - Mitali Mukerji
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit- TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India; Genomics and Molecular Medicine & CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative research, CSIR-IGIB, Delhi, India.
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Sagner M, McNeil A, Puska P, Auffray C, Price ND, Hood L, Lavie CJ, Han ZG, Chen Z, Brahmachari SK, McEwen BS, Soares MB, Balling R, Epel E, Arena R. The P4 Health Spectrum – A Predictive, Preventive, Personalized and Participatory Continuum for Promoting Healthspan. PROGRESS IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/pp9.0000000000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Sagner M, McNeil A, Puska P, Auffray C, Price ND, Hood L, Lavie CJ, Han ZG, Chen Z, Brahmachari SK, McEwen BS, Soares MB, Balling R, Epel E, Arena R. The P4 Health Spectrum - A Predictive, Preventive, Personalized and Participatory Continuum for Promoting Healthspan. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 59:506-521. [PMID: 27546358 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases (i.e., noncommunicable diseases), mainly cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory diseases and type-2-diabetes, are now the leading cause of death, disability and diminished quality of life on the planet. Moreover, these diseases are also a major financial burden worldwide, significantly impacting the economy of many countries. Healthcare systems and medicine have progressively improved upon the ability to address infectious diseases and react to adverse health events through both surgical interventions and pharmacology; we have become efficient in delivering reactive care (i.e., initiating interventions once an individual is on the verge of or has actually suffered a negative health event). However, with slowly progressing and often 'silent' chronic diseases now being the main cause of illness, healthcare and medicine must evolve into a proactive system, moving away from a merely reactive approach to care. Minimal interactions among the specialists and limited information to the general practitioner and to the individual receiving care lead to a fragmented health approach, non-concerted prescriptions, a scattered follow-up and a suboptimal cost-effectiveness ratio. A new approach in medicine that is predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory, which we label here as "P4" holds great promise to reduce the burden of chronic diseases by harnessing technology and an increasingly better understanding of environment-biology interactions, evidence-based interventions and the underlying mechanisms of chronic diseases. In this concept paper, we propose a 'P4 Health Continuum' model as a framework to promote and facilitate multi-stakeholder collaboration with an orchestrated common language and an integrated care model to increase the healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sagner
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; SARENA Clinic, Medical Center and Research Institute.
| | - Amy McNeil
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pekka Puska
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charles Auffray
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Paris and Lyon, France
| | | | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ze-Guang Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Samir Kumar Brahmachari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Elissa Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ross Arena
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; SARENA Clinic, Medical Center and Research Institute
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Bodeker
- Green Templeton College and Oxford Project Southeast Asia, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Fredi Kronenberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Aggarwal S, Gheware A, Agrawal A, Ghosh S, Prasher B, Mukerji M. Combined genetic effects of EGLN1 and VWF modulate thrombotic outcome in hypoxia revealed by Ayurgenomics approach. J Transl Med 2015; 13:184. [PMID: 26047609 PMCID: PMC4457985 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extreme constitution "Prakriti" types of Ayurveda exhibit systemic physiological attributes. Our earlier genetic study has revealed differences in EGLN1, key modulator of hypoxia axis between Prakriti types. This was associated with differences in high altitude adaptation and susceptibility to high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). In this study we investigate other molecular differences that contribute to systemic attributes of Prakriti that would be relevant in predictive marker discovery. METHODS Genotyping of 96 individuals of the earlier cohort was carried out in a panel of 2,800 common genic SNPs represented in Indian Genomic Variation Consortium (IGVC) panel from 24 diverse populations. Frequency distribution patterns of Prakriti differentiating variations (FDR correction P < 0.05) was studied in IGVC and 55 global populations (HGDP-CEPH) panels. Genotypic interactions between VWF, identified from the present analysis, and EGLN1 was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression in Prakriti and Indian populations from contrasting altitudes. Spearman's Rank correlation was used to study this genotypic interaction with respect to altitude in HGDP-CEPH panel. Validation of functional link between EGLN1 and VWF was carried out in a mouse model using chemical inhibition and siRNA studies. RESULT Significant differences in allele frequencies were observed in seven genes (SPTA1, VWF, OLR1, UCP2, OR6K3, LEPR, and OR10Z1) after FDR correction (P < 0.05). A non synonymous variation (C/T, rs1063856) associated with thrombosis/bleeding susceptibility respectively, differed significantly between Kapha (C-allele) and Pitta (T-allele) constitution types. A combination of derived EGLN1 allele (HAPE associated) and ancestral VWF allele (thrombosis associated) was significantly high in Kapha group compared to Pitta (p < 10(-5)). The combination of risk-associated Kapha alleles was nearly absent in natives of high altitude. Inhibition of EGLN1 using (DHB) and an EGLN1 specific siRNA in a mouse model lead to a marked increase in vWF levels as well as pro-thrombotic phenotype viz. reduced bleeding time and enhanced platelet count and activation. CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time a genetic link between EGLN1 and VWF in a constitution specific manner which could modulate thrombosis/bleeding susceptibility and outcomes of hypoxia. Integration of Prakriti in population stratification may help assemble common variations in key physiological axes that confers differences in disease occurrence and patho-phenotypic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Aggarwal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India.
| | - Atish Gheware
- CSIR's Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA (Translational Research and Innovative Science ThRough Ayurgenomics), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110 020, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
| | | | - Bhavana Prasher
- CSIR's Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA (Translational Research and Innovative Science ThRough Ayurgenomics), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110 020, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
| | - Mitali Mukerji
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India. .,CSIR's Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA (Translational Research and Innovative Science ThRough Ayurgenomics), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110 020, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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Gupta PD. Pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics and ayurgenomics for personalized medicine: a paradigm shift. Indian J Pharm Sci 2015; 77:135-41. [PMID: 26009644 PMCID: PMC4442460 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.156543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The value of health care can be increased tremendously through individualized medicine. With the promise of individualized medicine, healthcare professionals will be able to better predict disease risk, prevent development of disease and manage treatments more efficiently thereby allowing people to be healthier and active longer. The developments in the area of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics can help the physicians achieve the target of personalized medicine. Personalized medicine will come to mean not just the right drug for the right individual, but the right drug for the specific disease affecting a specific individual. The use of personalized medicine will make clinical trials more efficient by lowering the costs that would arise due to adverse drug effects and prescription of drugs that have been proven ineffective in certain genotypes. The genotypic experiments have laid valuable insights into genetic underpinnings of diseases. However it is being realized that identification of sub-groups within normal controls corresponding to contrasting disease susceptibility could lead to more effective discovery of predictive markers for diseases. However there are no modern methods available to look at the inter-individual differences within ethnically matched healthy populations. Ayurveda, an exquisitely elaborate system of predictive medicine which has been practiced for over 3500 years in India, can help in bridging this gap. In contrast to the contemporary system of medicine, the therapeutic regimen in Ayurveda is implicated on tridoshas and prakriti. According to this system, every individual is born with his or her own basic constitution, which to a great extent regulates inter-individual variability in susceptibility to diseases and response to external environment, diet and drugs. Thus the researchers in India have demonstrated that integration of this stratified approach of Ayurveda into genomics i.e. Ayurgenomics could complement personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja D Gupta
- The Foundation for Medical Research, 84-A, RG Thadani Marg, Worli, Mumbai-400 018, India
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Banerjee S, Debnath P, Debnath PK. Ayurnutrigenomics: Ayurveda-inspired personalized nutrition from inception to evidence. J Tradit Complement Med 2015; 5:228-33. [PMID: 26587393 PMCID: PMC4624353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ayurveda proclaims food and drugs are intersecting concepts that are vital for human survival and for the prevention and mitigation of diseases. Food interferes with the molecular mechanisms of an organism's “physiome”. It is consumed in large amounts compared to any drug. Hence, research on its effect and interaction with genome is highly relevant toward understanding diseases and their therapies. Ayurgenomics presents a personalized approach in the predictive, preventive, and curative aspects of stratified medicine with molecular variability, which embodies the study of interindividual variability due to genetic variability in humans for assessing susceptibility, and establishing diagnosis and prognosis, mainly on the basis of the constitution type of a person's Prakriti. Ayurnutrigenomics is an emerging field of interest pervading Ayurveda systems biology, where the selection of a suitable dietary, therapeutic, and lifestyle regime is made on the basis of clinical assessment of an individual maintaining one's Prakriti. This Ayurveda-inspired concept of personalized nutrition is a novel concept of nutrigenomic research for developing personalized functional foods and nutraceuticals suitable for one's genetic makeup with the help of Ayurveda. Here, we propose and present this novel concept of Ayurnutrigenomics and its emerging areas of research, which may unfold future possibilities toward smart yet safe therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Banerjee
- Bengal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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Banerjee S, Debnath P, Rao PN, Tripathy TB, Adhikari A, Debnath PK. Ayurveda in changing scenario of diabetes management for developing safe and effective treatment choices for the future. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 12:101-10. [PMID: 25719345 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2014-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ayurveda described diabetes mellitus (DM) as Madhumeha. This ancient evidence-based system of medicine enumerated various herbs and formulations for its management, which needs scientific validation. Whereas translational "bedside to bench" approach in biomedical research is an upcoming concept, its application in traditional and complementary medicine can be interesting. The intersecting concepts in the field Ayurveda and translational research needs "omics" approach. The Ayurvedic biology concepts about DM have its close relations with present systems biology approach. Metabolic changes causing tissue damage connected with genetic and immunological irregularities leading to insulin resistance coincide with ancient knowledge. Combinatorial therapy according to Prakriti type as elucidated by Ayurgenomics should be carried on for further research. "Bedside to bench" approaches in research utilizing metabolomics and pharmacogenomics approach can be a major step towards changing the therapeutic strategy towards diabetes. Prameha which is described as the pre-diabetic state is a novel concept in Ayurvedic etiopathogenesis, while metabolomic parameters like lipid level in urine can be a thrust area of research to have a pre-diabetic screening method in high-risk populations. This tradition-guided research paradigm can open up novel opportunities in traditional knowledge-inspired systems biology and drug discovery against diabetes.
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Rotti H, Raval R, Anchan S, Bellampalli R, Bhale S, Bharadwaj R, Bhat BK, Dedge AP, Dhumal VR, Gangadharan GG, Girijakumari TK, Gopinath PM, Govindaraj P, Halder S, Joshi KS, Kabekkodu SP, Kamath A, Kondaiah P, Kukreja H, Kumar KLR, Nair S, Nair SNV, Nayak J, Prasanna BV, Rashmishree M, Sharanprasad K, Thangaraj K, Patwardhan B, Satyamoorthy K, Valiathan MVS. Determinants of prakriti, the human constitution types of Indian traditional medicine and its correlation with contemporary science. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2014; 5:167-75. [PMID: 25336848 PMCID: PMC4204287 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.140478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Constitutional type of an individual or prakriti is the basic clinical denominator in Ayurveda, which defines physical, physiological, and psychological traits of an individual and is the template for individualized diet, lifestyle counseling, and treatment. The large number of phenotype description by prakriti determination is based on the knowledge and experience of the assessor, and hence subject to inherent variations and interpretations. Objective: In this study we have attempted to relate dominant prakriti attribute to body mass index (BMI) of individuals by assessing an acceptable tool to provide the quantitative measure to the currently qualitative ayurvedic prakriti determination. Materials and Methods: The study is cross sectional, multicentered, and prakriti assessment of a total of 3416 subjects was undertaken. Healthy male, nonsmoking, nonalcoholic volunteers between the age group of 20-30 were screened for their prakriti after obtaining written consent to participate in the study. The prakriti was determined on the phenotype description of ayurvedic texts and simultaneously by the use of a computer-aided prakriti assessment tool. Kappa statistical analysis was employed to validate the prakriti assessment and Chi-square, Cramer's V test to determine the relatedness in the dominant prakriti to various attributes. Results: We found 80% concordance between ayurvedic physician and software in predicting the prakriti of an individual. The kappa value of 0.77 showed moderate agreement in prakriti assessment. We observed a significant correlations of dominant prakriti to place of birth and BMI with Chi-square, P < 0.01 (Cramer's V-value of 0.156 and 0.368, respectively). Conclusion: The present study attempts to integrate knowledge of traditional ayurvedic concepts with the contemporary science. We have demonstrated analysis of prakriti classification and its association with BMI and place of birth with the implications to one of the ways for human classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Rotti
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ritu Raval
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchitra Anchan
- Department of Shalyatantra/Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravishankara Bellampalli
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sameer Bhale
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramachandra Bharadwaj
- Centre for Clinical Research, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Balakrishna K Bhat
- Department of Shalyatantra/Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Amrish P Dedge
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikram Ram Dhumal
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - G G Gangadharan
- Centre for Clinical Research, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - T K Girijakumari
- Centre for Clinical Research, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Puthiya M Gopinath
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Swagata Halder
- Institute of Vet. Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Switzerland, and Centre for Clinical Research, Institute of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalpana S Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Archana Kamath
- Department of Shalyatantra/Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Harpreet Kukreja
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - K L Rajath Kumar
- Department of Shalyatantra/Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Sreekumaran Nair
- Department of Statistics, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - S N Venugopalan Nair
- Centre for Clinical Research, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayakrishna Nayak
- Department of Shalyatantra/Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - B V Prasanna
- Department of Shalyatantra/Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - M Rashmishree
- Department of Shalyatantra/Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - K Sharanprasad
- Department of Shalyatantra/Roganidana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Bhushan Patwardhan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
American recognition for medical pluralism arrived in 1991. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine was established under the National Institutes of Health in 1998. Following this, patients and researchers began exploring use of integrative medicine. Terence Ryan with Gerry Bodeker in Europe, Brian Berman in America, and the Indian council of Medical Research advocated traditional medicine and integrative medicine. The Institute of Applied Dermatology (IAD), Kerala has developed integrated allopathic (biomedical) and ayurvedic therapies to treat Lymphatic Filariasis, Lichen planus, and Vitiligo. Studies conducted at the IAD have created a framework for evidence-based and integrative dermatology (ID). This paper gives an overview of advances in ID with an example of Lichen Planus, which was examined jointly by dermatologists and Ayurveda doctors. The clinical presentation in these patients was listed in a vikruthi table of comparable biomedical terms. A vikruthi table was used for drug selection in ayurvedic dermatology. A total of 19 patients were treated with ayurvedic prescriptions to normalize the vatha-kapha for 3 months. All patients responded and no side effects were recorded. In spite of advancing knowledge on ID, several challenges remain for its use on difficult to treat chronic skin diseases. The formation of new integrative groups and financial support are essential for the growth of ID in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravu R Narahari
- Director, Institute of Applied Dermatology, IAD Junction, Uliyathadka, Madhur Road, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
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26
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Juyal RC, Negi S, Wakhode P, Bhat S, Bhat B, Thelma BK. Potential of ayurgenomics approach in complex trait research: leads from a pilot study on rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45752. [PMID: 23049851 PMCID: PMC3458907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inconsistent results across association studies including Genome-wide association, have posed a major challenge in complex disease genetics. Of the several factors which contribute to this, phenotypic heterogeneity is a serious limitation encountered in modern medicine. On the other hand, Ayurveda, a holistic Indian traditional system of medicine, enables subgrouping of individuals into three major categories namely Vata, Pitta and Kapha, based on their physical and mental constitution, referred to as Prakriti. We hypothesised that conditioning association studies on prior risk, predictable in Ayurveda, will uncover much more variance and potentially open up more predictive health. Objectives and Methods Identification of genetic susceptibility markers by combining the prakriti based subgrouping of individuals with genetic analysis tools was attempted in a Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohort. Association of 21 markers from commonly implicated inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways was tested using a case-control approach in a total cohort comprising 325 cases and 356 controls and in the three subgroups separately. We also tested few postulates of Ayurveda on the disease characteristics in different prakriti groups using clinico-genetic data. Results Inflammatory genes like IL1β (C-C-C haplotype, p = 0.0005, OR = 3.09) and CD40 (rs4810485 allelic, p = 0.04, OR = 2.27) seem to be the determinants in Vata subgroup whereas oxidative stress pathway genes are observed in Pitta (SOD3 rs699473, p = 0.004, OR = 1.83; rs2536512 p = 0.005; OR = 1.88 and PON1 rs662, p = 0.04, OR = 1.53) and Kapha (SOD3 rs2536512, genotypic, p = 0.02, OR = 2.39) subgroups. Fixed effect analysis of the associated markers from CD40, SOD3 and TNFα with genotype X prakriti interaction terms suggests heterogeneity of effects within the subgroups. Further, disease characteristics such as severity was most pronounced in Vata group. Conclusions This exploratory study suggests discrete causal pathways for RA etiology in prakriti based subgroups, thereby, validating concepts of prakriti and personalized medicine in Ayurveda. Ayurgenomics approach holds promise for biomarker discovery in complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh C. Juyal
- Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sapna Negi
- Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Preeti Wakhode
- Department of Ayurveda, Holy Family Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sulekha Bhat
- Department of Ayurveda, Holy Family Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Bheema Bhat
- Department of Ayurveda, Holy Family Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - B. K. Thelma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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