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Haciosmanoglu Aldogan E, Önsü KA, Saylan CC, Günçer B, Baday S, Bektaş M. Depolymerization of actin filaments by Cucurbitacin I through binding G-actin. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:881-889. [PMID: 38370084 PMCID: PMC10867458 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacins have high economic value as they are a major source of food and have pharmacological properties. Cucurbitacin I (CuI) is a plant-derived natural tetracyclic triterpenoid compound that shows an anticancer effect via inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. The actin cytoskeleton is the most abundant protein in cells and regulates critical events through reorganization in cells. In this study, it is aimed at determining the direct effect of CuI on actin dynamics. The fluorescence profile of G-actin in the presence of CuI (1-200 nM) shifted to a higher temperature, suggesting that G-actin binds CuI and that G-actin-CuI is more thermally stable than the ligand-free form. CuI dose-dependently inhibited the polymerization of F-actin in vitro and disrupted actin filaments in endothelial cells. Docking and MD simulations suggested that CuI binds to the binding site formed by residues I136, I175, D154, and A138 that are at the interface of monomers in F-actin. The migration ability of cells treated with CuI for 24 h was significantly lower than the control group (p < .001). This study reveals the molecular mechanisms of CuI in the regulation of actin dynamics by binding G-actin. More importantly, this study indicates a novel role of CuI as an actin-targeting drug by binding directly to G-actin and may contribute to the mode of action of CuI on anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kemal Alper Önsü
- Department of Biophysics, Istanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Cemil Can Saylan
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Başak Günçer
- Department of Biophysics, Istanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Sefer Baday
- Applied Informatics Department, Informatics InstituteIstanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Muhammet Bektaş
- Department of Biophysics, Istanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
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2
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Hsu HL, Lin BJ, Lin YC, Tu CC, Nguyen NL, Wang CC, Chen MC, Chen CH. Cucurbitacin E Exerts Anti-Proliferative Activity via Promoting p62-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8138-8151. [PMID: 37886957 PMCID: PMC10605876 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the first-line treatment for advanced EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, NSCLC patients with wild-type EGFR and KRAS mutation are ineligible for EGFR-TKIs. Therefore, the discovery of new therapeutic agents is urgently needed for NSCLC patients who cannot receive targeted therapies. Natural products possess tremendous chemical diversity and have been extensively investigated for their anticancer activity. In this study, we found that Cucurbitacin E (Cu E), a triterpene of cucurbitacins widely presented in the edible plants of the Cucurbitaceae family, significantly inhibits the viability and proliferation of A549 cells that harbor wild-type EGFR and KRAS mutation. Our results revealed that Cu E increases cell-cycle arrest at G2/M and subG1 phase. Mechanistically, Cu E significantly inhibits the phosphorylation and protein levels of regulatory proteins and hinders G2/M cell-cycle progression. Meanwhile, the treatment of Cu E resulted in DNA damage response and apoptosis. For the first time, we observed that Cu E induces incomplete autophagy as evidenced by increased LC3B-II expression and p62-accumulation. Knockdown of p62 rescued the cells from Cu E-mediated anti-proliferative effect, apoptosis, DNA damage, and ROS production. These findings suggest that Cu E is a promising drug candidate for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Lin Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Jyun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Nham-Linh Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, HCMC University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research, Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research, Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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Bingham D, Jakobs CE, Wernert F, Boroni-Rueda F, Jullien N, Schentarra EM, Friedl K, Da Costa Moura J, van Bommel DM, Caillol G, Ogawa Y, Papandréou MJ, Leterrier C. Presynapses contain distinct actin nanostructures. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202208110. [PMID: 37578754 PMCID: PMC10424573 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202208110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The architecture of the actin cytoskeleton that concentrates at presynapses remains poorly known, hindering our understanding of its roles in synaptic physiology. In this work, we measure and visualize presynaptic actin by diffraction-limited and super-resolution microscopy, thanks to a validated model of bead-induced presynapses in cultured neurons. We identify a major population of actin-enriched presynapses that concentrates more presynaptic components and shows higher synaptic vesicle cycling than their non-enriched counterparts. Pharmacological perturbations point to an optimal actin amount and the presence of distinct actin structures within presynapses. We directly visualize these nanostructures using Single Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM), defining three distinct types: an actin mesh at the active zone, actin rails between the active zone and deeper reserve pools, and actin corrals around the whole presynaptic compartment. Finally, CRISPR-tagging of endogenous actin allows us to validate our results in natural synapses between cultured neurons, confirming the role of actin enrichment and the presence of three types of presynaptic actin nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Bingham
- CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Florian Wernert
- CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Fanny Boroni-Rueda
- CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Jullien
- CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Karoline Friedl
- CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Abbelight, Cachan, France
| | | | | | - Ghislaine Caillol
- CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Yuki Ogawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Patel A, Rasheed A, Reilly I, Pareek Z, Hansen M, Haque Z, Simon-Fajardo D, Davies C, Tummala A, Reinhardt K, Bustabad A, Shaw M, Robins J, Vera Gomez K, Suphakorn T, Camacho Gemelgo M, Law A, Lin K, Hospedales E, Haley H, Perez Martinez JP, Khan S, DeCanio J, Padgett M, Abramov A, Nanjundan M. Modulation of Cytoskeleton, Protein Trafficking, and Signaling Pathways by Metabolites from Cucurbitaceae, Ericaceae, and Rosaceae Plant Families. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1380. [PMID: 36355554 PMCID: PMC9698530 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One promising frontier within the field of Medical Botany is the study of the bioactivity of plant metabolites on human health. Although plant metabolites are metabolic byproducts that commonly regulate ecological interactions and biochemical processes in plant species, such metabolites also elicit profound effects on the cellular processes of human and other mammalian cells. In this regard, due to their potential as therapeutic agents for a variety of human diseases and induction of toxic cellular responses, further research advances are direly needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms induced by these agents. Herein, we focus our investigation on metabolites from the Cucurbitaceae, Ericaceae, and Rosaceae plant families, for which several plant species are found within the state of Florida in Hillsborough County. Specifically, we compare the molecular mechanisms by which metabolites and/or plant extracts from these plant families modulate the cytoskeleton, protein trafficking, and cell signaling to mediate functional outcomes, as well as a discussion of current gaps in knowledge. Our efforts to lay the molecular groundwork in this broad manner hold promise in supporting future research efforts in pharmacology and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meera Nanjundan
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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Cucurbitacin B Down-Regulates TNF Receptor 1 Expression and Inhibits the TNF-α-Dependent Nuclear Factor κB Signaling Pathway in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137130. [PMID: 35806134 PMCID: PMC9267118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), induce the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by activating the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In the present study, we found that cucurbitacin B decreased the expression of ICAM-1 in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells stimulated with TNF-α or interleukin-1α. We further investigated the mechanisms by which cucurbitacin B down-regulates TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression. Cucurbitacin B inhibited the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit RelA and the phosphorylation of IκBα in A549 cells stimulated with TNF-α. Cucurbitacin B selectively down-regulated the expression of TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1) without affecting three adaptor proteins (i.e., TRADD, RIPK1, and TRAF2). The TNF-α-converting enzyme inhibitor suppressed the down-regulation of TNF-R1 expression by cucurbitacin B. Glutathione, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and, to a lesser extent, L-cysteine attenuated the inhibitory effects of cucurbitacin B on the TNF-α-induced expression of ICAM-1, suggesting that an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety is essential for anti-inflammatory activity. The present results revealed that cucurbitacin B down-regulated the expression of TNF-R1 at the initial step in the TNF-α-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Liu WB, Wang HL, Chen L, Tang B, Ke G, Wang S, Sun YQ, Ma J, Lyu DL. Cucurbitacin E inhibits cellular proliferation and induces apoptosis in melanoma by suppressing HSDL2 expression. Chin Med 2022; 17:28. [PMID: 35193614 PMCID: PMC8862504 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is among the most aggressive types of skin malignancy and can have an unpredictable clinical course. Exploration of novel therapeutic targets and their regulators remains essential for the prevention and treatment of melanoma. METHODS HSDL2 protein levels were examined by immunohistochemistry. The roles of HSDL2 in cell proliferation and apoptosis were identified by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The function of HSDL2 in cell apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry. Western blotting, cell proliferation and apoptosis and a xenograft tumour model were utilized to explore the inhibitory functions and mechanisms of CuE in melanoma. RESULTS HSDL2 is overexpressed in melanoma and promotes melanoma progression by activating the ERK and AKT pathways. CuE could inhibit the ERK and AKT pathways by decreasing HSDL2 expression; therefore, CuE could inhibit melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION HSDL2 may be a promising therapeutic target against melanoma, and CuE can inhibit melanoma by downregulating HSDL2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bei Liu
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - He-Li Wang
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Biao Tang
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Guolin Ke
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Yin-Qiao Sun
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Junting Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Da-Lun Lyu
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
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7
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Chen Y, Peng S, Zhao P, Chen L, Liu GS, Ouyang D, Luo Y, Chen Z. Cell-modified plasmonic interface for the signal-amplified detection of Cucurbitacin E. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:274-283. [PMID: 35154870 PMCID: PMC8803011 DOI: 10.1364/boe.445679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin E (CuE) plays an important role in anticancer, antichemical carcinogenesis, and body immunity, etc., and the detection of its concentration is meaningful to pharmacological studies and clinical applications. However, the small molecular weight of CuE makes direct detection difficult through a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. In this work, we propose a cells-amplified signal strategy at the plasmonic interface, realizing the detection of CuE with ultra-low concentration. The seeded HeLa cells are modified onto the surface of the SPR sensor, and a small amount of CuE can lead to the remarkable morphology change of cells and the release of cell-related substances onto the plamonic interface, thus significantly amplifying the signal. Experimental results show that by using an unmodified SPR sensor with the bulk refractive index sensitivity of 2367.3 nm/RIU (RIU: refractive index unit), there no effective signal can be detected during the CuE concentration range of 0-100 nM; whereas, employing the proposed strategy, the signal for CuE detection can be significantly enhanced, resulting in a high detection sensitivity of 0.6196 nm/nM, corresponding to a limit of detection of 45.2 pM (25.2 pg/mL). The proposed cells-based signal amplifying strategy shows great potential applications in drug screening or bio-sensing to small molecules with low concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Contributed equally
| | - Shuihua Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Contributed equally
| | - Peili Zhao
- Pathology department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gui-Shi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dongyun Ouyang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yunhan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Haque A, Brazeau D, Amin AR. Perspectives on natural compounds in chemoprevention and treatment of cancer: an update with new promising compounds. Eur J Cancer 2021; 149:165-183. [PMID: 33865202 PMCID: PMC8113151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second deadliest disease worldwide. Although recent advances applying precision treatments with targeted (molecular and immune) agents are promising, the histological and molecular heterogeneity of cancer cells and huge mutational burdens (intrinsic or acquired after therapy) leading to drug resistance and treatment failure are posing continuous challenges. These recent advances do not negate the need for alternative approaches such as chemoprevention, the pharmacological approach to reverse, suppress or prevent the initial phases of carcinogenesis or the progression of premalignant cells to invasive disease by using non-toxic agents. Although data are limited, the success of several clinical trials in preventing cancer in high-risk populations suggests that chemoprevention is a rational, appealing and viable strategy to prevent carcinogenesis. Particularly among higher-risk groups, the use of safe, non-toxic agents is the utmost consideration because these individuals have not yet developed invasive disease. Natural dietary compounds present in fruits, vegetables and spices are especially attractive for chemoprevention and treatment because of their easy availability, high margin of safety, relatively low cost and widespread human consumption. Hundreds of such compounds have been widely investigated for chemoprevention and treatment in the last few decades. Previously, we reviewed the most widely studied natural compounds and their molecular mechanisms, which were highly exploited by the cancer research community. In the time since our initial review, many promising new compounds have been identified. In this review, we critically review these promising new natural compounds, their molecular targets and mechanisms of anticancer activity that may create novel opportunities for further design and conduct of preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedul Haque
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Brazeau
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Administration and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - Arm R Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
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9
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Targeting the cytoskeleton against metastatic dissemination. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:89-140. [PMID: 33471283 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a pathology characterized by a loss or a perturbation of a number of typical features of normal cell behaviour. Indeed, the acquisition of an inappropriate migratory and invasive phenotype has been reported to be one of the hallmarks of cancer. The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic network of highly ordered interlinking filaments playing a key role in the control of fundamental cellular processes, like cell shape maintenance, motility, division and intracellular transport. Moreover, deregulation of this complex machinery contributes to cancer progression and malignancy, enabling cells to acquire an invasive and metastatic phenotype. Metastasis accounts for 90% of death from patients affected by solid tumours, while an efficient prevention and suppression of metastatic disease still remains elusive. This results in the lack of effective therapeutic options currently available for patients with advanced disease. In this context, the cytoskeleton with its regulatory and structural proteins emerges as a novel and highly effective target to be exploited for a substantial therapeutic effort toward the development of specific anti-metastatic drugs. Here we provide an overview of the role of cytoskeleton components and interacting proteins in cancer metastasis with a special focus on small molecule compounds interfering with the actin cytoskeleton organization and function. The emerging involvement of microtubules and intermediate filaments in cancer metastasis is also reviewed.
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10
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Malik M, Britten J, DeAngelis A, Catherino WH. Cross-talk between Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway and transforming growth factor beta pathways and increased collagen1A1 production in uterine leiomyoma cells. F&S SCIENCE 2020; 1:206-220. [PMID: 35559929 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the potential interaction between interleukin-6 (IL6), Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 (JAK/STAT3) pathway, and Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-3 , and to determine whether such cross-talk was a contributing factor in the dysregulation of type I collagen production in leiomyomas. DESIGN Laboratory study. SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENTS None. INTERVENTIONS Exposure of leiomyoma and myometrial cell lines to IL6 and STAT3 activators/inhibitors. Western immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Expression of STAT3, pSTAT3, SOCS3, COL1A1, and TGFb3. RESULTS We observed that IL6 increased pSTAT3 as well as collagen1A1 in uterine leiomyoma cells. Direct activation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway increased collagen1A1 production in leiomyoma cells, whereas inhibition of the pathway significantly decreased collagen1A1 production. We further observed that modulation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway also increased the expression of TGFβ3 protein. Leiomyoma cells exposed to TGFβ3 demonstrated a significant decrease in pSTAT3 protein. Myometrial cells demonstrated a less sensitive response to STAT3 modulation and collagen production. CONCLUSION Cross-talk between the TGFβ pathway and JAK/STAT3 pathway contributes to the fibrotic nature of uterine leiomyomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minnie Malik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joy Britten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anthony DeAngelis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Program in Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynecology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William H Catherino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Program in Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynecology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Ramezani M, Hasani M, Ramezani F, Karimi Abdolmaleki M. Cucurbitacins: A Focus on Cucurbitacin E As A Natural Product and Their Biological Activities. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For the last years, different types of cucurbitacins have been extracted from various species of Cucurbitaceae family. For this review, all related papers were accumulated by searching electronic databases in the English language, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The keywords of cucurbitacin, cucumber anticancer therapy, cytotoxic effects, chemotherapy, and inhibitor effect were searched until February 2020. According to the result of this review, cucurbitacin E as a tetracyclic triterpenes compound, has been exhibited cell cycle arrest, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. It showed tumor proliferation prevention, induction of apoptosis or synergistically acts with other established antitumor compounds and cytokines throughout many molecular mechanisms. In a function-structure association manner, cucurbitacin E can inhibit Janus kinas2 (JAK2) phosphorylation, the signal transducer activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and subsequently block these pathways, which seems to be the main mechanism of its activity. Future studies could target its detection in uninvestigated sources, subsequently its derivatives to improve their anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Risinger AL, Du L. Targeting and extending the eukaryotic druggable genome with natural products: cytoskeletal targets of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:634-652. [PMID: 31764930 PMCID: PMC7797185 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00053d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2014-2019We review recent progress on natural products that target cytoskeletal components, including microtubules, actin, intermediate filaments, and septins and highlight their demonstrated and potential utility in the treatment of human disease. The anticancer efficacy of microtubule targeted agents identified from plants, microbes, and marine organisms is well documented. We highlight new microtubule targeted agents currently in clinical evaluations for the treatment of drug resistant cancers and the accumulating evidence that the anticancer efficacy of these agents is not solely due to their antimitotic effects. Indeed, the effects of microtubule targeted agents on interphase microtubules are leading to their potential for more mechanistically guided use in cancers as well as neurological disease. The discussion of these agents as more targeted drugs also prompts a reevaluation of our thinking about natural products that target other components of the cytoskeleton. For instance, actin active natural products are largely considered chemical probes and non-selective toxins. However, studies utilizing these probes have uncovered aspects of actin biology that can be more specifically targeted to potentially treat cancer, neurological disorders, and infectious disease. Compounds that target intermediate filaments and septins are understudied, but their continued discovery and mechanistic evaluations have implications for numerous therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Risinger
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Pharmacology, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.
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Vassilopoulos S, Gibaud S, Jimenez A, Caillol G, Leterrier C. Ultrastructure of the axonal periodic scaffold reveals a braid-like organization of actin rings. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5803. [PMID: 31862971 PMCID: PMC6925202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent super-resolution microscopy studies have unveiled a periodic scaffold of actin rings regularly spaced by spectrins under the plasma membrane of axons. However, ultrastructural details are unknown, limiting a molecular and mechanistic understanding of these enigmatic structures. Here, we combine platinum-replica electron and optical super-resolution microscopy to investigate the cortical cytoskeleton of axons at the ultrastructural level. Immunogold labeling and correlative super-resolution/electron microscopy allow us to unambiguously resolve actin rings as braids made of two long, intertwined actin filaments connected by a dense mesh of aligned spectrins. This molecular arrangement contrasts with the currently assumed model of actin rings made of short, capped actin filaments. Along the proximal axon, we resolved the presence of phospho-myosin light chain and the scaffold connection with microtubules via ankyrin G. We propose that braided rings explain the observed stability of the actin-spectrin scaffold and ultimately participate in preserving the axon integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Vassilopoulos
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France.
| | - Solène Gibaud
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, Marseille, France
| | - Angélique Jimenez
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, Marseille, France
| | - Ghislaine Caillol
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, Marseille, France
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14
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Brimson JM, Prasanth MI, Plaingam W, Tencomnao T. Bacopa monnieri (L.) wettst. Extract protects against glutamate toxicity and increases the longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:460-470. [PMID: 32953562 PMCID: PMC7484969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, cause a great deal of suffering for both patients and carers. Bacopa monnieri (L.) wettst. Is known for its memory-enhancing properties, and is of great interest in treating neurodegenerative disease. Aims This study aimed to evaluate B.monnieri against glutamate toxicity, and identify whether B.monnieri reduces mitochondrial and ER stress, as well as to measure B.monnieri’s effect on the life span and aging of Caenorhabditis elegans. We hypothesized that B.monnieri would prevent cellular oxidative stress, prevent mitochondrial/ER stress, and increase the life span while reducing signs of aging in C.elegans. Experimental procedures Glutamate toxicity was measured using viable cell staining assays and the MTT assay. ROS and mitochondrial stress were assessed by H2DCFDA and Rodamine123 staining, with fluorescence/confocal microscopy. C.elegans’ median and maximum life span were measured, in response to B.monnieri treatment, along with lipofuscin imaging to measure the health of the C.elegans population. Results B.monnieri hexane extract (but not ethanol extract) prevented the toxicity of 5 mM glutamate in HT-22 cells. We found that the mechanism involves the reduction of ROS production and the prevention of mitochondrial and ER stress. Furthermore, we showed that B.monnieri could increase the median and maximal lifespan of wild type C.elegans, maintain a younger appearing phenotype in the aged C.elegans. Conclusions In conclusion, B.monnieri prevents mitochondrial, and oxidative stress in the cultured cells. Furthermore, it can prolong the healthy lifespan of C.elegans, indicating that B.monnieri the potential for therapeutic and preventative use in neurodegenerative disease. First B.monnieri study to investigate the HT-22 cell glutamate toxicity model. B.monnieri protects HT-22 cells from oxidative stress caused by glutamate toxicity. B.monnieri prevents ER stress, changing the expression s of ER Stress proteins CHOP and ERP57. B.monnieri prevents mitochondrial stress, preventing mitochondrial leakage. B.monnieri increases the median and maximal life span, and reduces aging in wild type C.elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Michael Brimson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama 1 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama 1 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Waluga Plaingam
- College of Oriental Medicine, Rangsit University, 52/347 Muang Ake, Paholyothin Road, Lakhok, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama 1 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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15
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Theochares B, Vohnoutka R, Boumil E, Shea TB. Beneficial and Deleterious Impact of a Nutritional Supplementation for Inhibition of Proliferation of Neuroblastoma in Culture. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:1345-1354. [PMID: 31058554 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1604006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a cancer of the sympathetic nervous system, primarily affects infants and children ≤10 yr of age. High-risk neuroblastoma is associated with low survival rates and increased risks of treatment-related side-effects. Therefore, effective treatments that increase survival and reduce adverse side-effects are crucial. Cucurbitacin E (CucE), a nutritional supplement shown to have potential as an alternative to chemotherapy, was investigated for potential impact on neuroblastoma alone and in combination with the standard chemotherapeutic agent, paclitaxel, (PAC). CucE and PAC each inhibited proliferation of murine neuroblastoma cells in culture. Combined treatment with CucE and PAC also induced morphological differentiation. However, both differentiation and antiproliferative effects were reversible. Consequently, while nutritional supplementation represents a potential therapeutic approach toward treatment of cancer, certain nutritional/chemotherapeutic combinations may induce transient rather than permanent effects. Transient inhibition of proliferation by nutritional supplementation could inadvertently protect carcinogenic cells from toxicity otherwise induced by a chemotherapeutic agent. Combinatorial treatments involving nutritional supplements should therefore be utilized with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Theochares
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell , One University Avenue , Lowell , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Rishel Vohnoutka
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell , One University Avenue , Lowell , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Edward Boumil
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell , One University Avenue , Lowell , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Thomas B Shea
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell , One University Avenue , Lowell , Massachusetts , USA
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16
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Roopa L, Akshai PS, Pravin Kumar R. Connecting the dots in the mechanism of action of Cucurbitacin E (CurE) - path analysis and steered molecular dynamics reveal the precise site of entry and the passage of CurE in filamentous actin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:635-646. [PMID: 30896293 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1593243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin E (CurE) modulates actin cytoskeleton by forming an irreversible covalent bond with Cys257 of actin. The reported binding conformation of CurE is deeply buried in the subdomain 4 of actin and is closely situated to the ATP-binding site. The entry and the path taken by CurE to reach this buried site remain a mystery. In this study, steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations were conducted to delineate the diffusion of CurE to its binding site. SMD simulations reveal that the distinctive entry site of CurE found in subdomain 4 is by itself a closed and compact region of two loops lying beside each other like a closed door and CurE induces it to open. From this point, CurE moves toward its binding site through a path facilitated by Thr188, Leu261, Ile267, Ile309, Tyr306. This study is also an insight into how CurE distinctly differentiates its tunnel to the binding site from the ATP-binding site. The conformational changes of CurE along the path to the binding site are surprisingly very minimal and closely resemble the attack conformation at the end of simulation. The study reveals that the little energy spent by the molecule is compensated by the enthalpic contribution to binding-free energy barrier making it undoubtedly the most preferred path of CurE. This study is the first of its kind in which the SMD was used to derive the complete and continuous translocation of one of the most potent phytochemicals, CurE through the binding site gorge of actin. [Formula: see text] Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roopa
- Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Mount Carmel College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - P S Akshai
- Kcat Enzymatic Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R Pravin Kumar
- Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Kcat Enzymatic Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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17
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Song H, Wang Y, Li L, Sui H, Wang P, Wang F. Cucurbitacin E Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Activating Cofilin. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1090. [PMID: 30131725 PMCID: PMC6090878 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of intestinal epithelial cell is important to the barrier integrity of intestinal epithelium. Cucurbitacin E (CuE) is one of the tetracyclic triterpenoids extracted from the cucurbitaceae that has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth, tumor angiogenesis and inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the role of Cucurbitacin E in regulating the proliferation and migration of intestinal epithelial cells remain unclear. In this study, the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 was treated with CuE and the effects of CuE on cell cycle, proliferation, migration and actin dynamics in Caco-2 cells were investigated successively. We found that CuE significantly inhibited the cell proliferation and migration, inducing the cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and disrupting the actin dynamic balance in Caco-2 cells. Finally, we showed that CuE inhibited cofilin phosphorylation by suppressing the phosphorylation of both LIM kinase (LIMK)1 and LIMK2 in vitro, resulting in the activation of cofilin, which is closely associated with cell proliferation and migration. Therefore, our studies provided the first evidence that CuE inhibited the proliferation and migration of intestinal epithelial cells via activating cofilin, and CuE is a potential candidate in intestinal disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hehuan Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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18
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Martino F, Perestrelo AR, Vinarský V, Pagliari S, Forte G. Cellular Mechanotransduction: From Tension to Function. Front Physiol 2018; 9:824. [PMID: 30026699 PMCID: PMC6041413 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Living cells are constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli arising from the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) or from neighboring cells. The intracellular molecular processes through which such physical cues are transformed into a biological response are collectively dubbed as mechanotransduction and are of fundamental importance to help the cell timely adapt to the continuous dynamic modifications of the microenvironment. Local changes in ECM composition and mechanics are driven by a feed forward interplay between the cell and the matrix itself, with the first depositing ECM proteins that in turn will impact on the surrounding cells. As such, these changes occur regularly during tissue development and are a hallmark of the pathologies of aging. Only lately, though, the importance of mechanical cues in controlling cell function (e.g., proliferation, differentiation, migration) has been acknowledged. Here we provide a critical review of the recent insights into the molecular basis of cellular mechanotransduction, by analyzing how mechanical stimuli get transformed into a given biological response through the activation of a peculiar genetic program. Specifically, by recapitulating the processes involved in the interpretation of ECM remodeling by Focal Adhesions at cell-matrix interphase, we revise the role of cytoskeleton tension as the second messenger of the mechanotransduction process and the action of mechano-responsive shuttling proteins converging on stage and cell-specific transcription factors. Finally, we give few paradigmatic examples highlighting the emerging role of malfunctions in cell mechanosensing apparatus in the onset and progression of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Martino
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ana R. Perestrelo
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Vinarský
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czechia
| | - Stefania Pagliari
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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19
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Gandalovičová A, Rosel D, Fernandes M, Veselý P, Heneberg P, Čermák V, Petruželka L, Kumar S, Sanz-Moreno V, Brábek J. Migrastatics-Anti-metastatic and Anti-invasion Drugs: Promises and Challenges. Trends Cancer 2018; 3:391-406. [PMID: 28670628 PMCID: PMC5482322 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In solid cancers, invasion and metastasis account for more than 90% of mortality. However, in the current armory of anticancer therapies, a specific category of anti-invasion and antimetastatic drugs is missing. Here, we coin the term ‘migrastatics’ for drugs interfering with all modes of cancer cell invasion and metastasis, to distinguish this class from conventional cytostatic drugs, which are mainly directed against cell proliferation. We define actin polymerization and contractility as target mechanisms for migrastatics, and review candidate migrastatic drugs. Critical assessment of these antimetastatic agents is warranted, because they may define new options for the treatment of solid cancers. Local invasion and metastasis, rather than clonal proliferation, are the dominant features of solid cancer. However, a specific category of anti-invasion and antimetastatic drugs is missing for treatment of solid cancer We propose the term ‘migrastatics’ for drugs interfering with all modes of cancer cell invasiveness and, consequently, with their ability to metastasize (e.g., inhibiting not only local invasion, but also extravasation and metastatic colonization). In solid cancer, drug resistance is the main cause of treatment failure, and is attributed to mutations of the target. Since targeting the cause, although academically desirable, may be futile, a pragmatic and near-term option is to move downstream, to common denominators of cell migration and/or invasion, such as actin polymerization and actomyosin-mediated contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Gandalovičová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242, Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rosel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242, Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | | | - Pavel Veselý
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Charles University, Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Čermák
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242, Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Luboš Petruželka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Ayurveda Molecular Modeling, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242, Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic.
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20
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Unzue A, Cribiú R, Hoffman MM, Knehans T, Lafleur K, Caflisch A, Nevado C. Iriomoteolides: novel chemical tools to study actin dynamics. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3793-3802. [PMID: 29780512 PMCID: PMC5939837 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04286h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its promising biological profile, the cellular targets of iriomoteolide-3a, a novel 15-membered macrolide isolated from Amphidinium sp., have remained unknown. A small library of non-natural iriomoteolide-3a analogues is presented here as a result of a novel, highly convergent, catalysis-based scaffold-diversification campaign, which revealed the suitable sites for chemical editing in the original core. We provide compelling experimental evidence for actin as one of iriomoteolides' primary cellular targets, establishing the ability of these secondary metabolites to inhibit cell migration, induce severe morphological changes in cells and cause a reversible cytoplasmic retraction and reduction of F-actin fibers in a time and dose dependent manner. These results are interpreted in light of the ability of iriomoteolides to stabilize F-actin filaments. Molecular dynamics simulations provide evidence for iriomoteolide-3a binding to the barbed end of G-actin. These results showcase iriomoteolides as novel and easily tunable chemical probes for the in vitro study of actin dynamics in the context of cell motility processes including cell invasion and division.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Unzue
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - R Cribiú
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - M M Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - T Knehans
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - K Lafleur
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - A Caflisch
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - C Nevado
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 , Zürich , Switzerland .
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21
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Khatra H, Khan PP, Pattanayak S, Bhadra J, Rather B, Chakrabarti S, Saha T, Sinha S. Hedgehog Antagonist Pyrimidine-Indole Hybrid Molecule Inhibits Ciliogenesis through Microtubule Destabilisation. Chembiochem 2018; 19:723-735. [PMID: 29363254 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the crucial regulators of embryonic patterning and tissue development is the Hedgehog-glioma (Hh-Gli) signalling pathway; its uncontrolled activation has been implicated in different types of cancer in adult tissues. Primary cilium is one of the important factors required for the activation of Hh signalling, as it brings the critical components together for key protein-protein interactions required for Hh pathway regulation. Most of the synthetic and natural small molecule modulators of the pathway primarily antagonise Smoothened (Smo) or other effectors like Hh ligand or Gli. Here, we report a previously described Hh antagonist, with a pyrimidine-indole hybrid (PIH) core structure, as an inhibitor of ciliogenesis. The compound is unique in its mode of action, as it shows perturbation of microtubule dynamics in both cell-based assays and in vivo systems (zebrafish embryos). Further studies revealed that the probable targets are α-tubulin and its acetylated form, found in the cytoplasm and primary cilia. PIH also showed axonal defasiculation in developing zebrafish embryos. We thus propose that PIH antagonises Hh signalling by repressing cilia biogenesis and disassembling α-tubulin from its stabilised form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Khatra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Pragya Paramita Khan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sankha Pattanayak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Jhuma Bhadra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Bilal Rather
- Structural Biology and Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Saikat Chakrabarti
- Structural Biology and Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Taniya Saha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700 009, India
| | - Surajit Sinha
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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22
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Cucurbitacin I inhibits STAT3, but enhances STAT1 signaling in human cancer cells in vitro through disrupting actin filaments. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:425-437. [PMID: 29119966 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT1 and STAT3 are two important members of the STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) protein family and play opposing roles in regulating cancer cell growth. Suppressing STAT3 and/or enhancing STAT1 signaling are considered to be attractive anticancer strategies. Cucurbitacin I (CuI) isolated from the cucurbitacin family was reported to be an inhibitor of STAT3 signaling and a disruptor of actin cytoskeleton. In this study we investigated the function and mechanisms of CuI in regulating STAT signaling in human cancer cells in vitro. CuI (0.1-10 mmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3, and enhanced the phosphorylation of STAT1 in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells possibly through disrupting actin filaments. We further demonstrated that actin filaments physically associated with JAK2 and STAT3 in A549 cells and regulated their phosphorylation through two signaling complexes, the IL-6 receptor complex and the focal adhesion complex. Actin filaments also interacted with STAT1 in A549 cells and regulated its dephosphorylation. Taken together, this study reveals the molecular mechanisms of CuI in the regulation of STAT signaling and in a possible inhibition of human cancer cell growth. More importantly, this study uncovers a novel role of actin and actin-associated signaling complexes in regulating STAT signaling.
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Akhtar MF, Ashraf M, Javeed A, Anjum AA, Sharif A, Saleem M, Mustafa G, Ashraf M, Saleem A, Akhtar B. Association of textile industry effluent with mutagenicity and its toxic health implications upon acute and sub-chronic exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:179. [PMID: 29492685 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex industrial discharges pose certain risks to the ecosystem. This study was aimed at identifying acute and sub-chronic toxicological effects of the textile industry wastewater. The textile wastewater was evaluated for the metals and organic pollutants by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and GC-MS respectively. In vitro genotoxicity and mutagenicity were assessed by Comet assay in peripheral lymphocytes isolated from Ovis aries and Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA-100 and 102 respectively. Physiological and behavioral changes along with systemic toxicity were determined in Rattus norvegicus albinus following acute and sub-chronic exposure. High amount of heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Hg, As, and Cd were detected in textile wastewater. Organic pollutants such as 25-deacetoxy cucurbitacin-b, E-14-Hexadecenal, 11-Tricosene, and phthalates were also found. In vitro genotoxicity assessment in lymphocytes showed statistically significant DNA damaging potential of textile wastewater. Textile wastewater also showed significantly higher (p˂ 0.05) mutagenic potential in Salmonella TA-100 and TA-102 strains than sodium azide and 2-amino anthracycline. Acute exposure of textile wastewater to Rattus norvegicus was associated with several physiological changes and behavioral symptoms. Sub-chronic exposure of textile wastewater in Rattus norvegicus instigated the degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells in renal tubules, hydropic degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, peri-bronchiolar infiltration and emphysema of the alveoli, and the degradation of myocardial cells. This study concludes that the textile wastewater may cause genotoxicity and mutagenicity, result in physiological and behavioral changes upon acute exposure, and inflict various pathological lesions upon sub-chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Javeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad Anjum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Moneeb Ashraf
- Post Graduate Medical Institute, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Unsain N, Bordenave MD, Martinez GF, Jalil S, von Bilderling C, Barabas FM, Masullo LA, Johnstone AD, Barker PA, Bisbal M, Stefani FD, Cáceres AO. Remodeling of the Actin/Spectrin Membrane-associated Periodic Skeleton, Growth Cone Collapse and F-Actin Decrease during Axonal Degeneration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3007. [PMID: 29445221 PMCID: PMC5812996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration occurs in the developing nervous system for the appropriate establishment of mature circuits, and is also a hallmark of diverse neurodegenerative diseases. Despite recent interest in the field, little is known about the changes (and possible role) of the cytoskeleton during axonal degeneration. We studied the actin cytoskeleton in an in vitro model of developmental pruning induced by trophic factor withdrawal (TFW). We found that F-actin decrease and growth cone collapse (GCC) occur early after TFW; however, treatments that prevent axonal fragmentation failed to prevent GCC, suggesting independent pathways. Using super-resolution (STED) microscopy we found that the axonal actin/spectrin membrane-associated periodic skeleton (MPS) abundance and organization drop shortly after deprivation, remaining low until fragmentation. Fragmented axons lack MPS (while maintaining microtubules) and acute pharmacological treatments that stabilize actin filaments prevent MPS loss and protect from axonal fragmentation, suggesting that MPS destruction is required for axon fragmentation to proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Unsain
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), UNC, Friuli, 2434 - 5016, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Martin D Bordenave
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gaby F Martinez
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), UNC, Friuli, 2434 - 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sami Jalil
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), UNC, Friuli, 2434 - 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Catalina von Bilderling
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico M Barabas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano A Masullo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aaron D Johnstone
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Philip A Barker
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mariano Bisbal
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), UNC, Friuli, 2434 - 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando D Stefani
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo O Cáceres
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), UNC, Friuli, 2434 - 5016, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Córdoba, Argentina.
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25
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Derivatives of Cucurbitacin-E-glucoside produced by Curvularia lunata NRRL 2178: Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antitumor activities, and effect on biochemical parameters. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fjps.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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26
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Wang X, Tanaka M, Peixoto HS, Wink M. Cucurbitacins: elucidation of their interactions with the cytoskeleton. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3357. [PMID: 28584704 PMCID: PMC5452965 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacins, a class of toxic tetracyclic triterpenoids in Cucurbitaceae, modulate many molecular targets. Here we investigated the interactions of cucurbitacin B, E and I with cytoskeletal proteins such as microtubule and actin filaments. The effects of cucurbitacin B, E and I on microtubules and actin filaments were studied in living cells (Hela and U2OS) and in vitro using GFP markers, immunofluorescence staining and in vitro tubulin polymerization assay. Cucurbitacin B, E and I apparently affected microtubule structures in living cells and cucurbitacin E inhibited tubulin polymerization in vitro with IC50 value of 566.91 ± 113.5 µM. Cucurbitacin E did not affect the nucleation but inhibited the growth phase and steady state during microtubule assembly in vitro. In addition, cucurbitacin B, E and I all altered mitotic spindles and induced the cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Moreover, they all showed potent effects on actin cytoskeleton by affecting actin filaments through the depolymerization and aggregation. The interactions of cucubitacin B, E and I with microtubules and actin filaments present new insights into their modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mine Tanaka
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Herbenya Silva Peixoto
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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STK16 regulates actin dynamics to control Golgi organization and cell cycle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44607. [PMID: 28294156 PMCID: PMC5353726 DOI: 10.1038/srep44607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
STK16 is a ubiquitously expressed, myristoylated, and palmitoylated serine/threonine protein kinase with underexplored functions. Recently, it was shown to be involved in cell division but the mechanism remains unclear. Here we found that human STK16 localizes to the Golgi complex throughout the cell cycle and plays important roles in Golgi structure regulation. STK16 knockdown or kinase inhibition disrupts actin polymers and causes fragmented Golgi in cells. In vitro assays show that STK16 directly binds to actin and regulates actin dynamics in a concentration- and kinase activity-dependent way. In addition, STK16 knockdown or kinase inhibition not only delays mitotic entry and prolongs mitosis, but also causes prometaphase and cytokinesis arrest. Therefore, we revealed STK16 as a novel actin binding protein that resides in the Golgi, which regulates actin dynamics to control Golgi structure and participate in cell cycle progression.
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28
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Cucurbitacin E induces caspase-dependent apoptosis and protective autophagy mediated by ROS in lung cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 253:1-9. [PMID: 27106530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin E (CuE) is a triterpenoid with potent anticancer activities while the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, the anticancer effects of CuE on 95D lung cancer cells were investigated. CuE decreased cell viability, inhibited colony formation, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a concentration-dependent manner, which were reversed by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). CuE induced apoptosis as determined by JC-1 staining, expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, cleavage of caspases, and TUNEL staining. NAC and Ac-DEVD-CHO partially reversed CuE-induced cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-7, and PARP. Furthermore, CuE caused accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and concentration- and time-dependent expression of LC3II protein. Autophagy inhibitors chloroquine and bafilomycin A1 enhanced CuE-induced LC3II expression and cell death. CuE-triggered protein expression of p-AKT, p-mTOR, Beclin-1, and p-ULK1 was partially reversed by NAC pretreatment. In addition, CuE treatment damaged F-actin without affecting β-tubulin as confirmed by immunofluorescence. In conclusion, CuE induced ROS-dependent apoptosis through Bcl-2 family and caspases in 95D lung cancer cells. Furthermore, CuE induced protective autophagy mediated by ROS through AKT/mTOR pathway. This study provides novel roles of ROS in the anticancer effect of CuE.
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29
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Miyazaki S, Sasazawa Y, Mogi T, Suzuki T, Yoshida K, Dohmae N, Takao KI, Simizu S. Identification of seco-clavilactone B as a small-molecule actin polymerization inhibitor. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1163-73. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yukiko Sasazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Takuma Mogi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science; Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science; Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Takao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Siro Simizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
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30
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Sari-Hassoun M, Clement MJ, Hamdi I, Bollot G, Bauvais C, Joshi V, Toma F, Burgo A, Cailleret M, Rosales-Hernández MC, Macias Pérez ME, Chabane-Sari D, Curmi PA. Cucurbitacin I elicits the formation of actin/phospho-myosin II co-aggregates by stimulation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway and inhibition of LIM-kinase. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 102:45-63. [PMID: 26707799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbitacins are cytotoxic triterpenoid sterols isolated from plants. One of their earliest cellular effect is the aggregation of actin associated with blockage of cell migration and division that eventually lead to apoptosis. We unravel here that cucurbitacin I actually induces the co-aggregation of actin with phospho-myosin II. This co-aggregation most probably results from the stimulation of the Rho/ROCK pathway and the direct inhibition of the LIMKinase. We further provide data that suggest that the formation of these co-aggregates is independent of a putative pro-oxidant status of cucurbitacin I. The results help to understand the impact of cucurbitacins on signal transduction and actin dynamics and open novel perspectives to use it as drug candidates for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Sari-Hassoun
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1204, Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Evry 91025, France; Laboratoire des Produits Naturels, LAPRONA, Université Abou Bekr Belkaid, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Marie-Jeanne Clement
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1204, Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Evry 91025, France
| | - Imane Hamdi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1204, Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Evry 91025, France
| | | | | | - Vandana Joshi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1204, Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Evry 91025, France
| | - Flavio Toma
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1204, Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Evry 91025, France
| | - Andrea Burgo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1204, Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Evry 91025, France
| | - Michel Cailleret
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1204, Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Evry 91025, France
| | - Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatalisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, México D.F. 11340, México
| | - Martha Edith Macias Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatalisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, México D.F. 11340, México
| | - Daoudi Chabane-Sari
- Laboratoire des Produits Naturels, LAPRONA, Université Abou Bekr Belkaid, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Patrick A Curmi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1204, Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Evry 91025, France.
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31
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Alcántara-Flores E, Brechú-Franco AE, García-López P, Rocha-Zavaleta L, López-Marure R, Martínez-Vázquez M. Argentatin B Inhibits Proliferation of Prostate and Colon Cancer Cells by Inducing Cell Senescence. Molecules 2015; 20:21125-37. [PMID: 26633316 PMCID: PMC6332290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Argentatin B has been shown to inhibit the growth of colon HCT-15, and prostate PC-3 cancer cells. However, the mechanism by which argentatin B inhibits cell proliferation is still unknown. We aimed to investigate the mechanism by which argentatin B inhibits cell proliferation. The cell cycle was studied by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin-V-Fluos, and Hoechst 33342 dye staining. Cell senescence was evaluated by proliferation tests, and staining for SA-β-galactosidase. Senescence-related proteins (PCNA, p21, and p27) were analyzed by Western blotting. Potential toxicity of argentatin B was evaluated in CD-1 mice. Its effect on tumor growth was tested in a HCT-15 and PC-3 xenograft model. Argentatin B induced an increment of cells in sub G1, but did not produce apoptosis. Proliferation of both cell lines was inhibited by argentatin B. Forty-three percent HCT-15, and 66% PC-3 cells showed positive SA-β-galactosidase staining. The expression of PCNA was decreased, p21 expression was increased in both cell lines, but p27 expression increased only in PC-3 cells after treatment. Administration of argentatin B to healthy mice did not produce treatment-associated pathologies. However, it restricted the growth of HCT-15 and PC-3 tumors. These results indicate that treatment with argentatin B induces cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Alcántara-Flores
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Productos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México D.F., Mexico.
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacán, CP. 04510, México D.F., Mexico.
| | - Alicia Enriqueta Brechú-Franco
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México D.F., Mexico.
| | - Patricia García-López
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Tlalpan, C.P. 14080, México D.F., Mexico.
| | - Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar s/n, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Rebeca López-Marure
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Departamento de Biología Celular, Juan Badiano No. 1, Colonia Sección 16, Tlalpan, C.P. 14080, México D.F., Mexico.
| | - Mariano Martínez-Vázquez
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Productos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México D.F., Mexico.
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32
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Kumar RP, Roopa L, Nongthomba U, Sudheer Mohammed MM, Kulkarni N. Docking, molecular dynamics and QM/MM studies to delineate the mode of binding of CucurbitacinE to F-actin. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 63:29-37. [PMID: 26615469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CucurbitacinE (CurE) has been known to bind covalently to F-actin and inhibit depolymerization. However, the mode of binding of CurE to F-actin and the consequent changes in the F-actin dynamics have not been studied. Through quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) and density function theory (DFT) simulations after the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the docked complex of F-actin and CurE, a detailed transition state (TS) model for the Michael reaction is proposed. The TS model shows nucleophilic attack of the sulphur of Cys257 at the β-carbon of Michael Acceptor of CurE producing an enol intermediate that forms a covalent bond with CurE. The MD results show a clear difference between the structure of the F-actin in free form and F-actin complexed with CurE. CurE affects the conformation of the nucleotide binding pocket increasing the binding affinity between F-actin and ADP, which in turn could affect the nucleotide exchange. CurE binding also limits the correlated displacement of the relatively flexible domain 1 of F-actin causing the protein to retain a flat structure and to transform into a stable "tense" state. This structural transition could inhibit depolymerization of F-actin. In conclusion, CurE allosterically modulates ADP and stabilizes F-actin structure, thereby affecting nucleotide exchange and depolymerization of F-actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pravin Kumar
- Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India; Polyclone Bioservices, Bangalore, India
| | - L Roopa
- Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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Wang L, Li C, Lin Q, Zhang X, Pan H, Xu L, Shi Z, Ouyang D, He X. Cucurbitacin E suppresses cytokine expression in human Jurkat T cells through down-regulating the NF-κB signaling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:459-65. [PMID: 25921411 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacin E (CucE), a triterpenoid isolated from Cucurbitaceae plants, has been shown to possess an anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive activity in vitro and in vivo, yet the underlying mechanism has been incompletely understood. The aim of the present study was to explore its effect on cytokine expression and the underlying mechanism in human Jurkat T cells as a cellular model. The results showed that CucE significantly inhibited the production of interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ in culture medium of cells treated with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) plus ionomycin (Ion). Furthermore, the mRNA levels of these cytokines in activated Jurkat T cells were also decreased upon CucE treatment, suggesting a potential modulatory effect on the critical signaling pathways for cytokine expression, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) or mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In support of its effect on the NF-κB signaling pathway, CucE decreased the phosphorylation levels of inhibitor of κB (IκB) and NF-κB/p65 in PDB + Ion-stimulated cells. Further supporting this, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 was significantly suppressed in response to PDB plus Ion stimulation in the presence of CucE. The phosphorylation of p38MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and Erk1/2, however, was not decreased or slightly increased at some time points by CucE treatment. Collectively, these data suggest that CucE may exhibit immunosuppressive effect by attenuating critical cytokine expression through down-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China Key Laboratory of Physical and Training Adapted Control System, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Sports Science, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiuru Lin
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lihui Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zijian Shi
- Department of Fetal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dongyun Ouyang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xianhui He
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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34
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Chung SO, Kim YJ, Park SU. An updated review of Cucurbitacins and their biological and pharmacological activities. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:562-6. [PMID: 26648815 PMCID: PMC4669946 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ok Chung
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Yong Joo Kim
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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35
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Chen T, Altmann KH. Directed Hydrogenations and an Ireland-Claisen Rearrangement Linked to Evans-Tishchenko Chemistry: The Highly Efficient Total Synthesis of the Marine Cyclodepsipeptide Doliculide. Chemistry 2015; 21:8403-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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36
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Duan D, Doak AK, Nedyalkova L, Shoichet BK. Colloidal aggregation and the in vitro activity of traditional Chinese medicines. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:978-88. [PMID: 25606714 DOI: 10.1021/cb5009487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) have been the sole source of therapeutics in China for two millennia. In recent drug discovery efforts, purified components of TCM formulations have shown activity in many in vitro assays, raising concerns of promiscuity. Here, we investigated 14 bioactive small molecules isolated from TCMs for colloidal aggregation. At concentrations commonly used in cell-based or biochemical assay conditions, eight of these compounds formed particles detectable by dynamic light scattering and showed detergent-reversible inhibition against β-lactamase and malate dehydrogenase, two counter-screening enzymes. When three of these compounds were tested against their literature-reported molecular targets, they showed similar reversal of their inhibitory activity in the presence of detergent. For three of the most potent aggregators, contributions to promiscuity via oxidative cycling were investigated; addition of 1 mM DTT had no effect on their activity, which is inconsistent with an oxidative mechanism. TCMs are often active at micromolar concentrations; this study suggests that care must be taken to control for artifactual activity when seeking their primary targets. Implications for the formulation of these molecules are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Duan
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 Fourth Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2550, United States
- Leslie
Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Donnelly Center, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S3M2, Canada
| | - Allison K. Doak
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 Fourth Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2550, United States
| | - Lyudmila Nedyalkova
- Leslie
Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Donnelly Center, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S3M2, Canada
| | - Brian K. Shoichet
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 Fourth Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2550, United States
- Leslie
Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Donnelly Center, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S3M2, Canada
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Karpov P. High-Throughput Screening of New Antimitotic Compounds Based on CSLabGrid Virtual Organization. SCIENCE AND INNOVATION 2015. [DOI: 10.15407/scine11.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Cucurbitacin E has neuroprotective properties and autophagic modulating activities on dopaminergic neurons. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:425496. [PMID: 25574337 PMCID: PMC4276330 DOI: 10.1155/2014/425496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural molecules are under intensive study for their potential as preventive and/or adjuvant therapies for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluated the neuroprotective potential of cucurbitacin E (CuE), a tetracyclic triterpenoid phytosterol extracted from the Ecballium elaterium (Cucurbitaceae), using a known cellular model of PD, NGF-differentiated PC12. In our postmitotic experimental paradigm, neuronal cells were treated with the parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to provoke significant cellular damage and apoptosis or with the potent N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) to induce superoxide (O2•−) production, and CuE was administered prior to and during the neurotoxic treatment. We measured cellular death and reactive oxygen species to evaluate the antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties of CuE. In addition, we analyzed cellular macroautophagy, a bulk degradation process involving the lysosomal pathway. CuE showed neuroprotective effects on MPP+-induced cell death. However, CuE failed to rescue neuronal cells from oxidative stress induced by MPP+ or DDC. Microscopy and western blot data show an intriguing involvement of CuE in maintaining lysosomal distribution and decreasing autophagy flux. Altogether, these data indicate that CuE decreases neuronal death and autophagic flux in a postmitotic cellular model of PD.
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Yan M, Zhu L, Yang Q. Infection of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) and interaction between PCV2 and IPEC-J2 microfilaments. Virol J 2014; 11:193. [PMID: 25407967 PMCID: PMC4237784 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-014-0193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) is caused by a small pathogenic DNA virus, Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and is responsible for severe economic losses. PCV2-associated enteritis appears to be a distinct clinical manifestation of PCV2. Most studies of swine enteritis have been performed in animal infection models, but none have been conducted in vitro using cell lines of porcine intestinal origin. An in vitro system would be particularly useful for investigating microfilaments, which are likely to be involved in every stage of the viral lifecycle. METHODS We confirmed that PCV2 infects the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line IPEC-J2 by means of indirect immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. PCV2 influence on microfilaments in IPEC-J2 cells was detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. We used Cytochalasin D or Cucurbitacin E to reorganize microfilaments, and observed changes in PCV2 invasion, replication and release in IPEC-J2 cells by qRT-PCR. RESULTS PCV2 infection changes the ultrastructure of IPEC-J2 cells. PCV2 copy number in IPEC-J2 cells shows a rising trend as infection proceeds. Microfilaments are polymerized at 1 h p.i., but densely packed actin stress fibres are disrupted and total F-actin increases at 24, 48 and 72 h p.i. After Cytochalasin D treatment, invasion of PCV2 is suppressed, while invasion is facilitated by Cucurbitacin E. The microfilament drugs have opposite effects on viral release. CONCLUSION PCV2 infects and proliferates in IPEC-J2 cells, demonstrating that IPEC-J2 cells can serve as a cell intestinal infection model for PCV2 pathogenesis. Furthermore, PCV2 rearranges IPEC-J2 microfilaments and increases the quantity of F-actin. Actin polymerization may facilitate the invasion of PCV2 in IPEC-J2 cells and the dissolution of cortical actin may promote PCV2 egress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Hung CM, Chang CC, Lin CW, Chen CC, Hsu YC. GADD45γ induces G2/M arrest in human pharynx and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by cucurbitacin E. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6454. [PMID: 25245461 PMCID: PMC4171705 DOI: 10.1038/srep06454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common form of malignant cancer, for which radiotherapy or chemotherapy are the main treatment methods. Cucurbitacin E (CuE) is a natural compound-based drug which from the climbing stem of Cucumic melo L (Guadi). Previously shown to be an antifeedant as well as a potent chemopreventive agent against several types of cancer. The present study, investigated anti-proliferation and cell cycle G2/M arrest induced by CuE in Detroit 562 cells (pharynx carcinoma) and HONE-1 (nasopharyngeal carcinoma) cells. Results indicate that the cytotoxicity is associated with accumulation in G2/M cell-cycle phases. CuE produced cell cycle arrest as well as the downregulation of cyclin B1 and CDC2 expression. In addition, treated cells with CuE and GADD45γ SiRNA that also coincided with GADD45γ gene activation in cell cycle arrest. Both effects increased proportionally with the dose of CuE; however, proliferation inhibition and mitosis delay was dependant on the amount of CuE treatment in the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ming Hung
- Department of General Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, 82445, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, 82445, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 71101, Tainan, Taiwan
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 71101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, 82445, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 71101, Tainan, Taiwan
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 71101, Tainan, Taiwan
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Investigating the role of F-actin in human immunodeficiency virus assembly by live-cell microscopy. J Virol 2014; 88:7904-14. [PMID: 24789789 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00431-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles assemble at the plasma membrane, which is lined by a dense network of filamentous actin (F-actin). Large amounts of actin have been detected in HIV-1 virions, proposed to be incorporated by interactions with the nucleocapsid domain of the viral polyprotein Gag. Previous studies addressing the role of F-actin in HIV-1 particle formation using F-actin-interfering drugs did not yield consistent results. Filamentous structures pointing toward nascent HIV-1 budding sites, detected by cryo-electron tomography and atomic force microscopy, prompted us to revisit the role of F-actin in HIV-1 assembly by live-cell microscopy. HeLa cells coexpressing HIV-1 carrying fluorescently labeled Gag and a labeled F-actin-binding peptide were imaged by live-cell total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIR-FM). Computational analysis of image series did not reveal characteristic patterns of F-actin in the vicinity of viral budding sites. Furthermore, no transient recruitment of F-actin during bud formation was detected by monitoring fluorescence intensity changes at nascent HIV-1 assembly sites. The chosen approach allowed us to measure the effect of F-actin-interfering drugs on the assembly of individual virions in parallel with monitoring changes in the F-actin network of the respective cell. Treatment of cells with latrunculin did not affect the efficiency and dynamics of Gag assembly under conditions resulting in the disruption of F-actin filaments. Normal assembly rates were also observed upon transient stabilization of F-actin by short-term treatment with jasplakinolide. Taken together, these findings indicate that actin filament dynamics are dispensable for HIV-1 Gag assembly at the plasma membrane of HeLa cells. Importance: HIV-1 particles assemble at the plasma membrane of virus-producing cells. This membrane is lined by a dense network of actin filaments that might either present a physical obstacle to the formation of virus particles or generate force promoting the assembly process. Drug-mediated interference with the actin cytoskeleton showed different results for the formation of retroviral particles in different studies, likely due to general effects on the cell upon prolonged drug treatment. Here, we characterized the effect of actin-interfering compounds on the HIV-1 assembly process by direct observation of virus formation in live cells, which allowed us to measure assembly rate constants directly upon drug addition. Virus assembly proceeded with normal rates when actin filaments were either disrupted or stabilized. Taken together with the absence of characteristic actin filament patterns at viral budding sites in our analyses, this indicates that the actin network is dispensable for HIV-1 assembly.
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Hsu YC, Huang TY, Chen MJ. Therapeutic ROS targeting of GADD45γ in the induction of G2/M arrest in primary human colorectal cancer cell lines by cucurbitacin E. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1198. [PMID: 24763055 PMCID: PMC4001305 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin E (CuE) or α-elaterin is a natural compound previously shown to be an antifeedant as well as a potent chemopreventive agent against several types of cancer. The present study investigated the anticancer effects of CuE on colorectal cancer (CRC) using primary cell lines isolated from five CRC patients in Taiwan, Specifically, we explored the anti-proliferation and cell cycle G2/M arrest induced by CuE in CRC cells. MPM-2 flow cytometry tests show that CuE-treated cells accumulated in metaphase (CuE 2.5-7.5 μM). Results further indicate that CuE produced G2/M arrest as well as the downregulation of CDC2 and cyclin B1 expression and dissociation. Both effects increased proportionally with the dose of CuE; however, the inhibition of proliferation, arrest of mitosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were found to be dependent on the quantity of CuE used to treat the cancer cells. In addition, cell cycle arrest in treated cells coincided with the activation of the gene GADD45(α, β, γ). Incubation with CuE resulted in the binding of GADD45γ to CDC2, which suggests that the delay in CuE-induced mitosis is regulated by the overexpression of GADD45γ. Our findings suggest that, in addition to the known effects on cancer prevention, CuE may have antitumor activities in established CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - T-Y Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Sin-Lau Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - M-J Chen
- Division of Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Sports Management, College of Leisure and Recreation Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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Inducement of mitosis delay by cucurbitacin E, a novel tetracyclic triterpene from climbing stem of Cucumis melo L., through GADD45γ in human brain malignant glioma (GBM) 8401 cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1087. [PMID: 24577085 PMCID: PMC3944240 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin E (CuE) is a natural compound previously shown to have anti-feedant, antioxidant and antitumor activities as well as a potent chemo-preventive action against cancer. The present study investigates its anti-proliferative property using MTT assay; CuE demonstrated cytotoxic activity against malignant glioma GBM 8401 cells and induced cell cycle G2/M arrest in these cells. CuE-treated cells accumulated in metaphase (CuE 2.5–10 μM) as determined using MPM-2 by flow cytometry. We attempted to characterize the molecular pathways responsible for cytotoxic effects of CuE in GBM 8401 cells. We studied the genome-wide gene expression profile on microarrays and molecular networks by using pathway analysis tools of bioinformatics. The CuE reduced the expression of 558 genes and elevated the levels of 1354 genes, suggesting an existence of the common pathways involved in induction of G2/M arrest. We identified the RB (GADD45β and GADD45γ) and the p53 (GADD45α) signaling pathways as the common pathways, serving as key molecules that regulate cell cycle. Results indicate that CuE produced G2/M arrest as well as the upregulation of GADD45 γ and binding with CDC2. Both effects increased proportionally with the dose of CuE, suggesting that the CuE-induced mitosis delay is regulated by GADD45γ overexpression. Our findings suggest that, in addition to the known effects on cancer prevention, CuE may have antitumor activity in glioma therapy.
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Risinger AL, Peng J, Rohena CC, Aguilar HR, Frantz DE, Mooberry SL. The bat flower: a source of microtubule-destabilizing and -stabilizing compounds with synergistic antiproliferative actions. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:1923-9. [PMID: 24087857 PMCID: PMC3922119 DOI: 10.1021/np4005079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of secondary metabolites provides higher plants with mechanisms of defense against microbes, insects, and herbivores. One common cellular target of these molecules is the highly conserved microtubule cytoskeleton, and microtubule-targeting compounds with insecticidal, antifungal, nematicidal, and anticancer activities have been identified from plants. A new retro-dihydrochalcone, taccabulin A, with microtubule-destabilizing activity has been identified from the roots and rhizomes of Tacca species. This finding is notable because the microtubule-stabilizing taccalonolides are also isolated from these sources. This is the first report of an organism producing compounds with both microtubule-stabilizing and -destabilizing activities. A two-step chemical synthesis of taccabulin A was performed. Mechanistic studies showed that taccabulin A binds within the colchicine site on tubulin and has synergistic antiproliferative effects against cancer cells when combined with a taccalonolide, which binds to a different site on tubulin. Taccabulin A is effective in cells that are resistant to many other plant-derived compounds. The discovery of a natural source that contains both microtubule-stabilizing and -destabilizing small molecules is unprecedented and suggests that the synergistic action of these compounds was exploited by nature long before it was discovered in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L. Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Jiangnan Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Cristina C. Rohena
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Hector R. Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249
| | - Doug E. Frantz
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249
| | - Susan L. Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
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Cucurbitacin E as inducer of cell death and apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line SAS. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17147-56. [PMID: 23965977 PMCID: PMC3759956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140817147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common form of malignant cancer, for which radiotherapy or chemotherapy are the main treatment methods. Cucurbitacin E (CuE) is a natural compound previously shown to be an antifeedant as well as a potent chemopreventive agent against several types of cancer. The present study investigates anti-proliferation (using MTT assay, CuE demonstrated cytotoxic activity against SAS cell with IC50 values at 3.69 µM) and induced apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma SAS cells after 24 h treatment with CuE. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and caspase activity were studied and our results indicate that CuE inhibits cell proliferation as well as the activation of apoptois in SAS cells. Both effects increased in proportion to the dosage of CuE and apoptosis was induced via mitochondria- and caspase-dependent pathways. CuE can induce cell death by a mechanism that is not dependent on apoptosis induction, and thus represents a promising anticancer agent for prevention and treatment of OSCC.
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Gabrielsen M, Schuldt M, Munro J, Borucka D, Cameron J, Baugh M, Mleczak A, Lilla S, Morrice N, Olson MF. Cucurbitacin covalent bonding to cysteine thiols: the filamentous-actin severing protein Cofilin1 as an exemplary target. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:58. [PMID: 23945128 PMCID: PMC3751690 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cucurbitacins are a class of triterpenoid natural compounds with potent bioactivities that led to their use as traditional remedies, and which continue to attract considerable attention as chemical biology tools and potential therapeutics. One obvious target is the actin-cytoskeleton; treatment with cucurbitacins results in cytoskeletal rearrangements that impact upon motility and cell morphology. Findings Cucurbitacin reacted with protein cysteine thiols as well as dithiothreitol, and we propose that the cucurbitacin mechanism of action is through broad protein thiol modifications that could result in inhibition of numerous protein targets. An example of such a target protein is Cofilin1, whose filamentous actin severing activity is inhibited by cucurbitacin conjugation. Conclusions The implications of these results are that cucurbitacins are unlikely to be improved for selectivity by medicinal chemistry and that their use as chemical biology probes to analyse the role of specific signalling pathways should be undertaken with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Gabrielsen
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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