1
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Wei H, LeSaint JE, Jin Z, Zhan CG, Zheng F. Long-lasting blocking of interoceptive effects of cocaine by a highly efficient cocaine hydrolase in rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:927. [PMID: 38195724 PMCID: PMC10776848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cocaine dependence is a serious world-wide public health problem without an FDA-approved pharmacotherapy. We recently designed and discovered a highly efficient long-acting cocaine hydrolase CocH5-Fc(M6). The present study examined the effectiveness and duration of CocH5-Fc(M6) in blocking interoceptive effects of cocaine by performing cocaine discrimination tests in rats, demonstrating that the duration of CocH5-Fc(M6) in blocking cocaine discrimination was dependent on cocaine dose and CocH5-Fc(M6) plasma concentration. Particularly, a dose of 3 mg/kg CocH5-Fc(M6) effectively attenuated discriminative stimulus effects of 10 mg/kg cocaine, cumulative doses of 10 and 32 mg/kg cocaine, and cumulative doses of 10, 32 and 56 mg/kg cocaine by ≥ 20% for 41, 19, and 10 days, and completely blocked the discriminative stimulus effects for 30, 13, and 5 days with corresponding threshold plasma CocH5-Fc(M6) concentrations of 15.9, 72.2, and 221 nM, respectively, under which blood cocaine concentration was negligible. Additionally, based on the data obtained, cocaine discrimination model is more sensitive than the locomotor activity to reveal cocaine effects and that CocH5-Fc(M6) itself has no long-term toxicity regarding behavioral activities such as lever pressing and food consumption in rats, further demonstrating that CocH5-Fc(M6) has the desired properties as a promising therapeutic candidate for prevenance of cocaine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Wei
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Johnathan E LeSaint
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Zhenyu Jin
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Fang Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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2
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Michailidou F. Engineering of Therapeutic and Detoxifying Enzymes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308814. [PMID: 37433049 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic enzymes present excellent opportunities for the treatment of human disease, modulation of metabolic pathways and system detoxification. However, current use of enzyme therapy in the clinic is limited as naturally occurring enzymes are seldom optimal for such applications and require substantial improvement by protein engineering. Engineering strategies such as design and directed evolution that have been successfully implemented for industrial biocatalysis can significantly advance the field of therapeutic enzymes, leading to biocatalysts with new-to-nature therapeutic activities, high selectivity, and suitability for medical applications. This minireview highlights case studies of how state-of-the-art and emerging methods in protein engineering are explored for the generation of therapeutic enzymes and discusses gaps and future opportunities in the field of enzyme therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freideriki Michailidou
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Chen X, Deng X, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Yang K, Li Q, Wang J, Yao W, Tong J, Xie T, Hou S, Yao J. Computational Design and Crystal Structure of a Highly Efficient Benzoylecgonine Hydrolase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiabin Chen
- College of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| | - Xingyu Deng
- College of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| | - Kang Yang
- School of Biological Science and Technology University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Jiye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Police College Hangzhou Zhejiang 310053 China
| | - Weixuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Police College Hangzhou Zhejiang 310053 China
| | - Junsen Tong
- College of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| | - Shurong Hou
- College of Pharmacy School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| | - Jianzhuang Yao
- School of Biological Science and Technology University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
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4
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Chen X, Deng X, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Yang K, Li Q, Wang J, Yao W, Tong J, Xie T, Hou S, Yao J. Computational Design and Crystal Structure of a Highly Efficient Benzoylecgonine Hydrolase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21959-21965. [PMID: 34351032 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Benzoylecgonine (BZE) is the major toxic metabolite of cocaine and is responsible for the long-term cocaine-induced toxicity owing to its long residence time in humans. BZE is also the main contaminant following cocaine consumption. Here, we identified the bacterial cocaine esterase (CocE) as a BZE-metabolizing enzyme (BZEase), which can degrade BZE into biological inactive metabolites (ecgonine and benzoic acid). CocE was redesigned by a reactant-state-based enzyme design theory. An encouraging mutant denoted as BZEase2, presented a >400-fold improved catalytic efficiency against BZE compared with wild-type (WT) CocE. In vivo, a single dose of BZEase2 (1 mg kg-1 , IV) could eliminate nearly all BZE within only two minutes, suggesting the enzyme has the potential for cocaine overdose treatment and BZE elimination in the environment by accelerating BZE clearance. The crystal structure of a designed BZEase was also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiabin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Xingyu Deng
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Kang Yang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jiye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Weixuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Junsen Tong
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Shurong Hou
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Jianzhuang Yao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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5
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Lin M, Ellis B, Eubanks LM, Janda KD. Pharmacokinetic Approach to Combat the Synthetic Cannabinoid PB-22. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2573-2579. [PMID: 34254505 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids are part of a group of drugs called new psychoactive substances. Most of these cannabinoids are unregulated, and there are no therapeutic treatments for their addictive properties or reversing a potential overdose. Vaccination and catalytic antibodies strategies were investigated to assess their ability to blunt the psychoactive properties of the cannabinoid PB-22. To complement these antibody concentric investigations, we also disclose the discovery of the enzymatic degradation of this cannabinoid. Serum factors including albumin and carboxylesterase were found to catalyze the hydrolysis of PB-22. Affinity, kinetics, animal behavior, and biodistribution studies were utilized to evaluate the efficiency of these pharmacokinetic approaches. Our findings suggest simple antibody binding as the most efficacious means for altering PB-22's effect on the brain. Catalytic approaches only translated to esterases being capable of PB-22's degradation with a catalytic antibody approach providing no proclivity for PB-22's hydrolysis. Pharmacokinetic approaches provide a powerful strategy for treating substance abuse disorders and overdose for drugs where no therapeutic is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, and The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Beverly Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, and The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lisa M. Eubanks
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, and The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kim D. Janda
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, and The Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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6
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Enhancement of protein thermostability by three consecutive mutations using loop-walking method and machine learning. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11883. [PMID: 34088952 PMCID: PMC8178419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a method to improve protein thermostability, “loop-walking method”. Three consecutive positions in 12 loops of Burkholderia cepacia lipase were subjected to random mutagenesis to make 12 libraries. Screening allowed us to identify L7 as a hot-spot loop having an impact on thermostability, and the P233G/L234E/V235M mutant was found from 214 variants in the L7 library. Although a more excellent mutant might be discovered by screening all the 8000 P233X/L234X/V235X mutants, it was difficult to assay all of them. We therefore employed machine learning. Using thermostability data of the 214 mutants, a computational discrimination model was constructed to predict thermostability potentials. Among 7786 combinations ranked in silico, 20 promising candidates were selected and assayed. The P233D/L234P/V235S mutant retained 66% activity after heat treatment at 60 °C for 30 min, which was higher than those of the wild-type enzyme (5%) and the P233G/L234E/V235M mutant (35%).
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7
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Pratsinis A, Uhl P, Bolten JS, Hauswirth P, Schenk SH, Urban S, Mier W, Witzigmann D, Huwyler J. Virus-Derived Peptides for Hepatic Enzyme Delivery. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2004-2014. [PMID: 33844553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a lipopeptide derived from the hepatitis B virus (HBV) large surface protein has been developed as an HBV entry inhibitor. This lipopeptide, called MyrcludexB (MyrB), selectively binds to the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) on the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes. Here, the feasibility of coupling therapeutic enzymes to MyrB was investigated for the development of enzyme delivery strategies. Hepatotropic targeting shall enable enzyme prodrug therapies and detoxification procedures. Here, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was conjugated to MyrB via maleimide chemistry, and coupling was validated by SDS-PAGE and reversed-phase HPLC. The specificity of the target recognition of HRP-MyrB could be shown in an NTCP-overexpressing liver parenchymal cell line, as demonstrated by competitive inhibition with an excess of free MyrB and displayed a strong linear dependency on the applied HRP-MyrB concentration. In vivo studies in zebrafish embryos revealed a dominating interaction of HRP-MyrB with scavenger endothelial cells vs xenografted NTCP expressing mammalian cells. In mice, radiolabeled 125I-HRP-MyrBy, as well as the non-NTCP targeted control HRP-peptide-construct (125I-HRP-alaMyrBy) demonstrated a strong liver accumulation confirming the nonspecific interaction with scavenger cells. Still, MyrB conjugation to HRP resulted in an increased and NTCP-mediated hepatotropism, as revealed by competitive inhibition. In conclusion, the model enzyme HRP was successfully conjugated to MyrB to achieve NTCP-specific targeting in vitro with the potential for ex vivo diagnostic applications. In vivo, target specificity was reduced by non-NTCP-mediated interactions. Nonetheless, tissue distribution experiments in zebrafish embryos provide mechanistic insight into underlying scavenging processes indicating partial involvement of stabilin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pratsinis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Uhl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jan Stephan Bolten
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hauswirth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Heidi Schenk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Urban
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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8
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Rossi L, Pierigè F, Agostini M, Bigini N, Termopoli V, Cai Y, Zheng F, Zhan CG, Landry DW, Magnani M. Efficient Cocaine Degradation by Cocaine Esterase-Loaded Red Blood Cells. Front Physiol 2020; 11:573492. [PMID: 33013487 PMCID: PMC7511699 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.573492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant bacterial cocaine esterase (CocE) represents a potential protein therapeutic for cocaine use disorder treatment. Unfortunately, the native enzyme was highly unstable and the corresponding mutagenized derivatives, RBP-8000 and E196-301, although improving in vitro thermo-stability and in vivo half-life, were a partial solution to the problem. For cocaine use disorder treatment, an efficient cocaine-metabolizing enzyme with a longer residence time in circulation would be needed. We investigated in vitro the possibility of developing red blood cells (RBCs) loaded with RBP-8000 and E196-301 as a biocompatible system to metabolize cocaine for a longer period of time. RBP 8000 stability within human RBCs is limited (approximately 50% residual activity after 1 h at 37°C) and not different as for the free enzyme, while both free and encapsulated E196-301 showed a greater thermo-stability. By reducing cellular glutathione content during the loading procedure, in order to preserve the disulfide bonds opportunely created to stabilize the enzyme dimer structure, it was possible to produce an encapsulated protein maintaining 100% stability at least after 4 h at 37°C. Moreover, E196-301-loaded RBCs were efficiently able to degrade cocaine in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The same stability results were obtained when murine RBCs were used paving the way to preclinical investigations. Thus, our in vitro data show that E196-301-loaded RBCs could act as efficient bioreactors in degrading cocaine to non-toxic metabolites to be possibly considered in substance-use disorder treatments. This approach should now be investigated in a preclinical model of cocaine use disorder to evaluate if further protein modifications are needed to further improve long term enzyme stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Rossi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy.,EryDel S.p.A., Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pierigè
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Noemi Bigini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Veronica Termopoli
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Yingting Cai
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Fang Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Donald W Landry
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy.,EryDel S.p.A., Milan, Italy
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9
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Huang J, Zhao P, Jin X, Wang Y, Yuan H, Zhu X. Enzymatic biofuel cells based on protein engineering: recent advances and future prospects. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5230-5240. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00925c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs), as one of the most promising sustainable and green energy sources, have attracted significant interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Haotian Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
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10
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Huang H, Fang L, Xue L, Zhang T, Kim K, Hou S, Zheng F, Zhan CG. PEGylation but Not Fc-Fusion Improves in Vivo Residence Time of a Thermostable Mutant of Bacterial Cocaine Esterase. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:3021-3027. [PMID: 31661952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is very popular to fuse a protein drug or drug candidate to the Fc domain of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in order to prolong the in vivo half-life. In this study, we have designed, prepared, and tested an Fc-fused thermostable cocaine esterase (CocE) mutant (known as E196-301, with the T172R/G173Q/L196C/I301C substitutions on CocE) expressed in E. coli. As expected, Fc-fusion does not affect the in vitro enzyme activity and thermal stability of the enzyme and that Fc-E196-301 can favorably bind FcRn with Kd = 386 ± 35 nM. However, Fc-fusion does not prolong the in vivo half-life of E196-301 at all; Fc-E196-301 and E196-301 have essentially the same PK profile (t1/2 = 0.4 ± 0.1 h) in rats. This is the first time demonstrating that Fc-fusion does not prolong in vivo half-life of a protein. This finding is consistent with the mechanistic understanding that E196-301 and Fc-E196-301 are all degraded primarily through rapid proteolysis in the body. The Fc fusion cannot protect E196-301 from the proteolysis in the body. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that PEGylation can effectively protect E196-301, as the PEGylated E196-301, i.e., PEG-E196-301, has a significantly prolonged in vivo half-life. It has also been demonstrated that both E196-301 and PEG-E196-301 have dose-dependent in vivo half-lives (e.g., 19.9 ± 6.4 h for the elimination t1/2 of 30 mg/kg PEG-E196-301), as the endogenous proteolytic enzymes responsible for proteolysis of E196-301 (PEGylated or not) are nearly saturated by the high plasma concentration produced by a high dose of E196-301 or PEG-E196-301.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Huang
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States
| | - Liu Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States
| | - Ting Zhang
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States
| | - Kyungbo Kim
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States
| | - Shurong Hou
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States
| | - Fang Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States
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11
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Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases in Bacteria: Active Site, Structure, Function and Application. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylic ester hydrolases (CEHs), which catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic esters to produce alcohol and acid, are identified in three domains of life. In the Protein Data Bank (PDB), 136 crystal structures of bacterial CEHs (424 PDB codes) from 52 genera and metagenome have been reported. In this review, we categorize these structures based on catalytic machinery, structure and substrate specificity to provide a comprehensive understanding of the bacterial CEHs. CEHs use Ser, Asp or water as a nucleophile to drive diverse catalytic machinery. The α/β/α sandwich architecture is most frequently found in CEHs, but 3-solenoid, β-barrel, up-down bundle, α/β/β/α 4-layer sandwich, 6 or 7 propeller and α/β barrel architectures are also found in these CEHs. Most are substrate-specific to various esters with types of head group and lengths of the acyl chain, but some CEHs exhibit peptidase or lactamase activities. CEHs are widely used in industrial applications, and are the objects of research in structure- or mutation-based protein engineering. Structural studies of CEHs are still necessary for understanding their biological roles, identifying their structure-based functions and structure-based engineering and their potential industrial applications.
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12
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Hou S, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Kong Y, Chen X, Chen R, Yin X, Xie T, Chen X. Evaluation of the cholinesterase activity of a potential therapeutic cocaine esterase for cocaine overdose. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 202:168-171. [PMID: 31352306 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine is a commonly abused drug and there is no approved medication specifically to treat its addiction or overdose. Bacterial cocaine esterase (CocE)-derived RBP-8000 is currently under clinical development for cocaine overdose treatment. It is proven to be effective for human use to accelerate cocaine metabolism into physiologically inactive products. Besides cocaine, RBP-8000 may hydrolyze the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), however, no study has reported its cholinesterase activity. The present study aims to examine RBP-8000's cholinesterase activity and substrate selectivity to address the potential concern that this enzyme therapy might produce cholinergic side-effects. METHODS Both computational modeling and experimental kinetic analysis were carried out to characterize the potential cholinesterase activity of RBP-8000. Substrates interacting with RBP-8000 were modeled for their enzyme-substrate binding complexes. In vitro enzymatic kinetic parameters were measured using Ellman's colorimetric assay and analyzed by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. RESULTS It is the first demonstration that RBP-8000 catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine (ATC). However, its catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) against ATC is 1000-fold and 5000-fold lower than it against cocaine at 25 °C and 37 °C, respectively, suggesting RBP-8000 has the desired substrate selectivity for cocaine over ACh. CONCLUSION Given the fact that clinically relevant dose of RBP-8000 displays insignificant cholinesterase activity relative to endogenous cholinesterases in human, administration of RBP-8000 is unlikely to produce any significant cholinergic side-effects. This study provides supplemental evidences in support of further development of RBP-8000 towards a clinically used pharmacotherapy for cocaine overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yichao Kong
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xiaopu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
| | - Xiabin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
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13
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Cai Y, Zhou S, Stewart MJ, Zheng F, Zhan CG. Dimerization of human butyrylcholinesterase expressed in bacterium for development of a thermally stable bioscavenger of organophosphorus compounds. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 310:108756. [PMID: 31325422 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a widely distributed plasma enzyme. For decades, numerous research efforts have been directed at engineering BChE as a bioscavenger of organophosphorus insecticides and chemical warfare nerve agents. However, it has been a grand challenge to cost-efficiently produce BChE in large-scale. Recently reported studies have successfully designed a truncated BChE mutant (with amino-acid substitutions on 47 residues that are far away from the catalytic site), denoted as BChE-M47 for convenience, which can be expressed in E. coli without loss of its catalytic activity. In this study, we aimed to dimerize the truncated BChE mutant protein expressed in a prokaryotic system (E. coli) in order to further improve its thermal stability by introducing a pair of cross-subunit disulfide bonds to the BChE-M47 structure. Specifically, the E377C/A516C mutations were designed and introduced to BChE-M47, and the obtained new protein entity, denoted as BChE-M48, with a pair of cross-subunit disulfide bonds indeed exists as a dimer with significantly improved thermostability and unaltered catalytic activity and reactivity compared to BChE-M47. These results provide a new strategy for optimizing protein stability for production in a cost-efficient prokaryotic system. Our enzyme, BChE-M48, has a half-life of almost one week at a 37°C, suggesting that it could be utilized as a highly stable bioscavenger of OP insecticides and chemical warfare nerve agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Cai
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Madeline J Stewart
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Fang Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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14
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Production and Purification of Therapeutic Enzymes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1148:1-24. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7709-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Xiong H, Li RR, Liu SY, Wu FX, Yang WC, Yang GF. Discovery of Specific Nonpeptide Probe for Chymotrypsin via Molecular Docking-Based Virtual Screening and the Application. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:310-317. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Xu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 30071, P.R. China
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16
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Zhang T, Zheng X, Zhou Z, Chen X, Jin Z, Deng J, Zhan CG, Zheng F. Clinical Potential of an Enzyme-based Novel Therapy for Cocaine Overdose. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15303. [PMID: 29127295 PMCID: PMC5681513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a grand challenge to develop a truly effective medication for treatment of cocaine overdose. The current available, practical emergence treatment for cocaine overdose includes administration of a benzodiazepine anticonvulsant agent (e.g. diazepam) and/or physical cooling with an aim to relieve the symptoms. The inherent difficulties of antagonizing physiological effects of drugs in the central nervous system have led to exploring protein-based pharmacokinetic approaches using biologics like vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and enzymes. However, none of the pharmacokinetic agents has demonstrated convincing preclinical evidence of clinical potential for drug overdose treatment without a question mark on the timing used in the animal models. Here we report the use of animal models, including locomotor activity, protection, and rescue experiments in rats, of drug toxicity treatment with clinically relevant timing for the first time. It has been demonstrated that an efficient cocaine-metabolizing enzyme developed in our previous studies can rapidly reverse the cocaine toxicity whenever the enzyme is given to a living rat, demonstrating promising clinical potential of an enzyme-based novel therapy for cocaine overdose as a successful example in comparison with the commonly used diazepam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Xirong Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Xiabin Chen
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Zhenyu Jin
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jing Deng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Fang Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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17
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Hong EY, Lee SG, Park BJ, Lee JM, Yun H, Kim BG. Simultaneously Enhancing the Stability and Catalytic Activity of Multimeric Lysine Decarboxylase CadA by Engineering Interface Regions for Enzymatic Production of Cadaverine at High Concentration of Lysine. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Hong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Sun-Gu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 South Korea
| | - Byung Jun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Hyungdon Yun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
- Institute of Bioengineering; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
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18
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Jing X, Evangelista Falcon W, Baudry J, Serpersu EH. Thermophilic Enzyme or Mesophilic Enzyme with Enhanced Thermostability: Can We Draw a Line? J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:7086-7094. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilfredo Evangelista Falcon
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Jerome Baudry
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
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Yan L, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Qiao X, Pan J, Liu H, Lu S, Xiang B, Lu T, Yuan H. Insight into the key features for ligand binding in Y1230 mutated c-Met kinase domain by molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:2015-2031. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1340852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Libo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Haichun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Bingren Xiang
- Center for instrument analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
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21
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Rico-Díaz A, Álvarez-Cao ME, Escuder-Rodríguez JJ, González-Siso MI, Cerdán ME, Becerra M. Rational mutagenesis by engineering disulphide bonds improves Kluyveromyces lactis beta-galactosidase for high-temperature industrial applications. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45535. [PMID: 28361909 PMCID: PMC5374532 DOI: 10.1038/srep45535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidase (Kl-β-Gal) is one of the most important enzymes in the dairy industry. The poor stability of this enzyme limits its use in the synthesis of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and other applications requiring high operational temperature. To obtain thermoresistant variants, a rational mutagenesis strategy by introducing disulphide bonds in the interface between the enzyme subunits was used. Two improved mutants, R116C/T270C and R116C/T270C/G818C, had increased half-lives at 45 °C compared to Kl-β-Gal (2.2 and 6.8 fold increases, respectively). Likewise, Tm values of R116C/T270C and R116C/T270C/G818C were 2.4 and 8.5 °C, respectively, higher than Kl-β-Gal Tm. Enrichment in enzymatically active oligomeric forms in these mutant variants also increased their catalytic efficiency, due to the reinforcement of the interface contacts. In this way, using an artificial substrate (p-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside), the Vmax values of the mutants were ~1.4 (R116C/T270C) and 2 (R116C/T270C/G818C) fold higher than that of native Kl-β-Gal. Using the natural substrate (lactose) the Vmax for R116C/T270C/G818C almost doubled the Vmax for Kl-β-Gal. Validation of these mutant variants of the enzyme for their use in applications that depend on prolonged incubations at high temperatures was achieved at the laboratory scale by monitoring their catalytic activity in GOS synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Rico-Díaz
- Universidade da Coruña. Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María-Efigenia Álvarez-Cao
- Universidade da Coruña. Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan-José Escuder-Rodríguez
- Universidade da Coruña. Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María-Isabel González-Siso
- Universidade da Coruña. Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M Esperanza Cerdán
- Universidade da Coruña. Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuel Becerra
- Universidade da Coruña. Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, A Coruña, Spain
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Zhang Y, Huang X, Han K, Zheng F, Zhan CG. Free energy profiles of cocaine esterase-cocaine binding process by molecular dynamics and potential of mean force simulations. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:142-147. [PMID: 27163853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The combined molecular dynamics (MD) and potential of mean force (PMF) simulations have been performed to determine the free energy profile of the CocE)-(+)-cocaine binding process in comparison with that of the corresponding CocE-(-)-cocaine binding process. According to the MD simulations, the equilibrium CocE-(+)-cocaine binding mode is similar to the CocE-(-)-cocaine binding mode. However, based on the simulated free energy profiles, a significant free energy barrier (∼5 kcal/mol) exists in the CocE-(+)-cocaine binding process whereas no obvious free energy barrier exists in the CocE-(-)-cocaine binding process, although the free energy barrier of ∼5 kcal/mol is not high enough to really slow down the CocE-(+)-cocaine binding process. In addition, the obtained free energy profiles also demonstrate that (+)-cocaine and (-)-cocaine have very close binding free energies with CocE, with a negligible difference (∼0.2 kcal/mol), which is qualitatively consistent with the nearly same experimental KM values of the CocE enzyme for (+)-cocaine and (-)-cocaine. The consistency between the computational results and available experimental data suggests that the mechanistic insights obtained from this study are reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, PR China; Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Keli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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23
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Yuan M, Yang X, Li Y, Liu H, Pu J, Zhan CG, Liao F. Facile Alkaline Lysis of Escherichia coli Cells in High-Throughput Mode for Screening Enzyme Mutants: Arylsulfatase as an Example. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:545-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Cocaine abuse is a world-wide public health and social problem without a US Food and Drug Administration-approved medication. An ideal anticocaine medication would accelerate cocaine metabolism, producing biologically inactive metabolites by administration of an efficient cocaine-specific exogenous enzyme. Our recent studies have led to the discovery of the desirable, highly efficient cocaine hydrolases (CocHs) that can efficiently detoxify and inactivate cocaine without affecting normal functions of the CNS. Preclinical and clinical data have demonstrated that these CocHs are safe for use in humans and are effective for accelerating cocaine metabolism. However, the actual therapeutic use of a CocH in cocaine addiction treatment is limited by its short biological half-life (e.g., 8 h or shorter in rats). Here we demonstrate a novel CocH form, a catalytic antibody analog, which is a fragment crystallizable (Fc)-fused CocH dimer (CocH-Fc) constructed by using CocH to replace the Fab region of human IgG1. The CocH-Fc not only has a high catalytic efficiency against cocaine but also, like an antibody, has a considerably longer biological half-life (e.g., ∼107 h in rats). A single dose of CocH-Fc was able to accelerate cocaine metabolism in rats even after 20 d and thus block cocaine-induced hyperactivity and toxicity for a long period. Given the general observation that the biological half-life of a protein drug is significantly longer in humans than in rodents, the CocH-Fc reported in this study could allow dosing once every 2-4 wk, or longer, for treatment of cocaine addiction in humans.
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25
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Some like it hot, some like it cold: Temperature dependent biotechnological applications and improvements in extremophilic enzymes. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1912-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Daffu GK, Lopez P, Katz F, Vinogradov M, Zhan CG, Landry DW, Macdonald J. Sulfhydryl-specific PEGylation of phosphotriesterase cysteine mutants for organophosphate detoxification. Protein Eng Des Sel 2015; 28:501-6. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzv036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Reilly PJ, Rovira C. Computational Studies of Glycoside, Carboxylic Ester, and Thioester Hydrolase Mechanisms: A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Reilly
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-2230, United States
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Orgànica
and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Froese DS, Michaeli A, McCorvie TJ, Krojer T, Sasi M, Melaev E, Goldblum A, Zatsepin M, Lossos A, Álvarez R, Escribá PV, Minassian BA, von Delft F, Kakhlon O, Yue WW. Structural basis of glycogen branching enzyme deficiency and pharmacologic rescue by rational peptide design. Hum Mol Genet 2015. [PMID: 26199317 PMCID: PMC4581599 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) plays an essential role in glycogen biosynthesis by generating α-1,6-glucosidic branches from α-1,4-linked glucose chains, to increase solubility of the glycogen polymer. Mutations in the GBE1 gene lead to the heterogeneous early-onset glycogen storage disorder type IV (GSDIV) or the late-onset adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD). To better understand this essential enzyme, we crystallized human GBE1 in the apo form, and in complex with a tetra- or hepta-saccharide. The GBE1 structure reveals a conserved amylase core that houses the active centre for the branching reaction and harbours almost all GSDIV and APBD mutations. A non-catalytic binding cleft, proximal to the site of the common APBD mutation p.Y329S, was found to bind the tetra- and hepta-saccharides and may represent a higher-affinity site employed to anchor the complex glycogen substrate for the branching reaction. Expression of recombinant GBE1-p.Y329S resulted in drastically reduced protein yield and solubility compared with wild type, suggesting this disease allele causes protein misfolding and may be amenable to small molecule stabilization. To explore this, we generated a structural model of GBE1-p.Y329S and designed peptides ab initio to stabilize the mutation. As proof-of-principle, we evaluated treatment of one tetra-peptide, Leu-Thr-Lys-Glu, in APBD patient cells. We demonstrate intracellular transport of this peptide, its binding and stabilization of GBE1-p.Y329S, and 2-fold increased mutant enzymatic activity compared with untreated patient cells. Together, our data provide the rationale and starting point for the screening of small molecule chaperones, which could become novel therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sean Froese
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | | | - Thomas J McCorvie
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Tobias Krojer
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Meitav Sasi
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Melaev
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amiram Goldblum
- Pepticom LTD, Jerusalem, Israel, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Alexander Lossos
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rafael Álvarez
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca E-07122, Spain and
| | - Pablo V Escribá
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca E-07122, Spain and
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Program in Genetics and Genomic Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Frank von Delft
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Or Kakhlon
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel,
| | - Wyatt W Yue
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK,
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29
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A novel cysteine desulfurase influencing organosulfur compounds in Lentinula edodes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10047. [PMID: 26054293 PMCID: PMC4460571 DOI: 10.1038/srep10047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Organosulfur compounds are the basis for the unique aroma of Lentinula edodes, and cysteine sulfoxide lyase (C-S lyase) is the key enzyme in this trait. The enzyme from Alliium sativum has been crystallized and well-characterized; however, there have been no reports of the characterization of fungi C-S lyase at the molecular level. We identified a L. edodes C-S lyase (Lecsl), cloned a gene of Csl encoded Lecsl and then combined modeling, simulations, and experiments to understand the molecular basis of the function of Lecsl. Our analysis revealed Lecsl to be a novel cysteine desulfurase and not a type of cysteine sulfoxide lyase. The pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) molecule bonded tightly to Lecsl to form a Lecsl-PLP complex. Moreover, the Lecsl had one active center that served to bind two kinds of substrates, S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide and L-cysteine, and had both cysteine sulfoxide lyase and cysteine desulfurase activity. We found that the amino acid residue Asn393 was essential for the catalytic activity of Lecsl and that the gene Csl encoded a novel cysteine desulfurase to influence organosulfur compounds in L. edodes. Our results provide a new insight into understanding the formation of the unique aroma of L. edodes.
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30
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Yuan Y, Huang X, Midde NM, Quizon PM, Sun WL, Zhu J, Zhan CG. Molecular mechanism of HIV-1 Tat interacting with human dopamine transporter. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:658-665. [PMID: 25695767 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 70% of HIV-1-infected individuals suffer from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein is known to synergize with abused drugs and exacerbate the progression of central nervous system (CNS) pathology. Cumulative evidence suggest that the HIV-1 Tat protein exerts the neurotoxicity through interaction with human dopamine transporter (hDAT) in the CNS. Through computational modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we develop a three-dimensional (3D) structural model for HIV-1 Tat binding with hDAT. The model provides novel mechanistic insights concerning how HIV-1 Tat interacts with hDAT and inhibits dopamine uptake by hDAT. In particular, according to the computational modeling, Tat binds most favorably with the outward-open state of hDAT. Residues Y88, K92, and Y470 of hDAT are predicted to be key residues involved in the interaction between hDAT and Tat. The roles of these hDAT residues in the interaction with Tat are validated by experimental tests through site-directed mutagensis and dopamine uptake assays. The agreement between the computational and experimental data suggests that the computationally predicted hDAT-Tat binding mode and mechanistic insights are reasonable and provide a new starting point to design further pharmacological studies on the molecular mechanism of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxia Yuan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center and ‡Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina
College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center and ‡Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina
College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Narasimha M. Midde
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center and ‡Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina
College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Pamela M. Quizon
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center and ‡Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina
College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Wei-Lun Sun
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center and ‡Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina
College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jun Zhu
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center and ‡Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina
College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center and ‡Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina
College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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