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Aparna EP, Devaky KS. Advances in the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:35-68. [PMID: 30607935 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This Review describes the existing synthetic approaches for the solid-phase synthesis (SPS) of differently substituted and fused pyrimidine derivatives. These synthetic strategies are classified on the basis of the different synthetic routes leading to the particular type of pyrimidine heterocycle formed. The Review discusses the application of a variety of polystyrene derived supports for the construction of pyrimidine rings. The effect of microwave heating on the solid-phase synthesis is also addressed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. P. Aparna
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - K. S. Devaky
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
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2
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Synthesis, anti-17β-HSD and antiproliferative activity of new substituted 5-nitrosopyrimidine analogs. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Krajčovičová S, Soural M. Solid-Phase Synthetic Strategies for the Preparation of Purine Derivatives. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:371-86. [PMID: 27248804 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This Review summarizes all of the currently described strategies applicable for the solid-phase synthesis of purine derivatives. The individual approaches are classified according to the immobilization procedure used resulting in a linkage of the final scaffold at various positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Krajčovičová
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Soural
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Molecular and Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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4
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Vanda D, Jorda R, Lemrová B, Volná T, Kryštof V, McMaster C, Soural M. Synthesis of Novel N9-Substituted Purine Derivatives from Polymer Supported α-Amino Acids. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2015; 17:426-32. [PMID: 26098936 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase synthesis of purine derivatives bearing an α-amino acid motif in position 9 is described herein. Polymer supported amines were acylated with various Fmoc-α-amino acids and, after cleavage of the protecting group, arylation with 4,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine or 2,4-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine was performed. The second chlorine atom was replaced with various amines. Subsequent reduction of the nitro group, followed by reaction with aldehydes, afforded the purine scaffold. After cleavage from the polymer support, the target compounds were obtained in very good crude purity, good overall yields, and excellent enantiomeric purity. The anticancer activity of prepared compounds was tested in vitro against human cancer cell lines MCF7 and K562, and they were found to have mild, but clear dose-dependent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vanda
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jorda
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lemrová
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Volná
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Claire McMaster
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Soural
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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5
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Pineda de las Infantas y Villatoro MJ, Unciti-Broceta JD, Contreras-Montoya R, Garcia-Salcedo JA, Gallo Mezo MA, Unciti-Broceta A, Diaz-Mochon JJ. Amide-controlled, one-pot synthesis of tri-substituted purines generates structural diversity and analogues with trypanocidal activity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9139. [PMID: 25773920 PMCID: PMC5390905 DOI: 10.1038/srep09139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel one-pot synthesis of tri-substituted purines and the discovery of purine analogues with trypanocidal activity are reported. The reaction is initiated by a metal-free oxidative coupling of primary alkoxides and diaminopyrimidines with Schiff base formation and subsequent annulation in the presence of large N,N-dimethylamides (e.g. N,N-dimethylpropanamide or larger). This synthetic route is in competition with a reaction previously-reported by our group, allowing the generation of a combinatorial library of tri-substituted purines by the simple modification of the amide and the alkoxide employed. Among the variety of structures generated, two purine analogues displayed trypanocidal activity against the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei with IC50 < 5 μM, being each of those compounds obtained through each of the synthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan D Unciti-Broceta
- Pfizer - Universidad de Granada - Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Contreras-Montoya
- Pfizer - Universidad de Granada - Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose A Garcia-Salcedo
- 1] Pfizer - Universidad de Granada - Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain [2] Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Dr. Azpitarte, 4, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel A Gallo Mezo
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica. University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Juan J Diaz-Mochon
- 1] Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica. University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain [2] Pfizer - Universidad de Granada - Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
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6
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Lemrová B, Smyslová P, Popa I, Oždian T, Zajdel P, Soural M. Directed solid-phase synthesis of trisubstituted imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines and imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:558-65. [PMID: 25046560 DOI: 10.1021/co500090t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method is described for the solid-supported synthesis of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines and imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines from 2,4-dichloro-3-nitropyridine. The key pyridine building block was reacted with polymer-supported amines, followed by replacement of the second chlorine with amines, nitro group reduction, and imidazole ring closure with aldehydes. Depending on the combination of polymer-supported and solution-phase reagents, the strategy allowed for the simple preparation of the target trisubstituted derivatives with variable positioning of the pyridine nitrogen atom. Additionally, after a slight modification of the method, the preparation of strictly isomeric imidazopyridines was possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Lemrová
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Smyslová
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Popa
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Oždian
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská
5, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pawel Zajdel
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Miroslav Soural
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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7
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Vaňková B, Krchňák V, Soural M, Hlaváč J. Direct C-H arylation of purine on solid phase and its use for chemical libraries synthesis. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:496-500. [PMID: 21675766 DOI: 10.1021/co200075r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
C(8)-H direct arylation of purine derivatives immobilized on Wang resin is described. The purine skeleton was immobilized via C(6)-regioselective substitution of 2,6-dichloropurine with polymer-supported amines. After N(9)-alkylation with two different alkyl iodides and C(2) substitution with two selected amines, reaction conditions for C(8)-H arylation were developed and optimized. Various aryl bromides and aryl iodides were used for the reaction affording the target 2,6,8,9-tetrasubstituted purines in very good purity. The same reaction conditions were also applied for the synthesis of 2,6,8-trisubstituted purines, however, yields were lower. The methodology is applicable for high throughput synthesis of chemical libraries comprised of purine scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Vaňková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Palacký, Tr. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Krchňák
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Miroslav Soural
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Palacký, Tr. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hlaváč
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Palacký, Tr. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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8
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Alkoxy-5-nitrosopyrimidines: Useful Building Block for the Generation of Biologically Active Compounds. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Preparation of new N6, 9-disubstituted 2-phenyl-adenines and corresponding 8-azaadenines.: A feasibility study for application to solid-phase Synthesis. I. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570410415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Ji Y, Wei X. SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS OF DIFLUOROBENZIMIDAZOLES AND DIFLUORO-2-QUINOXALINOLS. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940709458643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Tan TMC, Yang F, Fu H, Raghavendra MS, Lam Y. Traceless solid-phase synthesis and biological evaluation of purine analogs as inhibitors of multidrug resistance protein 4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:210-8. [PMID: 17348727 DOI: 10.1021/cc060084t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The traceless solid-phase syntheses of 6-oxopurines and pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines are presented. The effects of these compounds on multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) facilitated efflux was examined. Four of the compounds, 7b, 7c, 15a, and 17e, were active in inhibiting MRP4-mediated efflux of the bimane-glutathione conjugate. In addition, all four compounds were also able to reverse MRP4-mediated resistance to the anticancer drug 6-thioguanine. In the presence of 25 microM 15a or 17e, there was complete reversal. The reversal of resistance was achieved without any effects on the uptake and metabolism of 6-thioguanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa May Chin Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597.
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12
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Utility of 4,6-dichloro-2-(methylthio)-5-nitropyrimidine. Part 3: Regioselective solid-phase synthesis of a 2,6,8,9-tetrasubstituted purine library. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Cole AG, Metzger A, Ahmed G, Brescia MR, Chan RJ, Wen J, O’Brien L, Qin LY, Henderson I. Solid-phase synthesis of N-9-substituted 2,8-diaminopurines. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Zheng L, Xiang J, Dang Q, Guo S, Bai X. Design and Synthesis of a Tetracyclic Pyrimidine-Fused Benzodiazepine Library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 8:381-7. [PMID: 16677008 DOI: 10.1021/cc0501615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Method development for a heterocyclic library which entails novel scaffolds of benzodiazepines fused with various heterocycles, such as pyrimidines, indolines, and tetrahydroquinolines, was accomplished. The new synthetic strategy is based on an electrophilic cyclization reaction involving an iminium intermediate formed by the corresponding aminopyrimidine with a carbonyl compound to give the desired heterocycles in high yields. Subsequent replacement of the chloro group in the resulted structures with a nucleophile, such as boronic acids, amines, alcohols and thiols, led to a library of privileged compounds with up to eight accessible diversity points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyou Zheng
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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15
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An efficient solid-phase synthesis of 2-alkyl-4,6-diaminopyrimidines and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidines. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Synthesis of novel tricyclic pyrimidine-fused 5,6-dihydrobenzodiazepines via a Pictet–Spengler-like cyclization. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Zheng L, Xiang J, Dang Q, Guo S, Bai X. Novel heterocyclic scaffold consisting of indole-fused pteridines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 7:813-5. [PMID: 16283789 DOI: 10.1021/cc0500809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianyou Zheng
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Jilin University, 75 Jinlai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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18
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Liu J, Dang Q, Wei Z, Zhang H, Bai X. Parallel Solution-Phase Synthesis of a 2,6,8,9-Tetrasubstituted Purine Library via a Sulfur Intermediate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 7:627-36. [PMID: 16004508 DOI: 10.1021/cc049819p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purine analogues exhibiting a wide range of pharmacological activities have been considered a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry. In addition, the purine core consisting of four points of structural diversity is a well-sought scaffold in combinatorial chemistry. Although most of the efforts have been focused on 2,6,9-, 6,8,9-, or 2,8,9-trisubstituted purines, syntheses of 2,6,8,9-tetrasubstituted purines are rare. This paper presents a parallel solution phase approach for the synthesis of fully substituted purines via a 6-sulfur-substituted pyrimidine as the key intermediate. This strategy combining construction and modification of the purine ring thus increases the structural diversity of the final products. Sequential substitution of chlorines in 4,6-dichloro-2-methyl-5-nitropyrimidine with primary amine and benzylmercaptan afforded the 4-(substituted)amino-6-benzylthio-5-nitropyrimidine, which was readily converted to its diaminopyrimidine analogue by reduction of the nitro group. The diaminopyrimidine intermediate was cyclized to construct the purine ring with a C-8 substituent. Eventual oxidation of sulfur to sulfone and subsequent displacement by a primary or secondary amine provided the desired 2,6,8,9-tetrasubstituted purine analogues. This synthetic methodology was validated with the synthesis of a 216-member purine library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Liu
- Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Jilin University, 75 Jinlai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
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19
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Rombouts FJR, Fridkin G, Lubell WD. Deazapurine Solid-Phase Synthesis: Construction of 3-Substituted Pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylates on Cross-Linked Polystyrene Bearing a Cysteamine Linker. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 7:589-98. [PMID: 16004503 DOI: 10.1021/cc050002l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first solid-phase methodology for the preparation of pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines is presented. Merrifield resin bearing a cysteamine "traceless" linker was treated with 4-oxo-N-(PhF)proline benzyl ester (10; PhF = 9-(9-phenylfluorenyl)) to provide resin-bound aminopyrrole 20, which was treated with ethyl, phenyl, 4-phenoxyphenyl, and 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl isocyanates to furnish resin-bound ureidopyrroles 21a-d. Resin-bound pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines 22a-d were then obtained by acylation of 21 using trichloroacetyl chloride in dioxane followed by treatment with Cs2CO3 in DMF. Cleavage of pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines 22a-d from the resin was achieved in two steps, by oxidation of the sulfur to the sulfone followed by beta-elimination in the presence of t-BuONa. Four pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines, 24a-d, with different alkyl and aryl substituents at the N3 pyrimidine nitrogen, were thus obtained in overall yields of 42-50% and purities of 90-100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik J R Rombouts
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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20
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Porcheddu A, Giacomelli G, De Luca L, Ruda AM. A “Catch and Release” Strategy for the Parallel Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Pyrimidines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 6:105-11. [PMID: 14714993 DOI: 10.1021/cc034024o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A resin capture and release strategy for making a combinatorial array of 2,4,5-trisubstituted pyrimidines is demonstrated by capturing beta-ketoesters and beta-ketoamides on a solid-supported piperazine. Through a cyclocondensation reaction, the solid-supported enaminone is reacted with several guanidines under heating or microwave irradiation affording the corresponding pyrimidines in good yield and chemical purity directly on solution. After this final step, the support can be effectively recycled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.
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21
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Montebugnoli D, Bravo P, Brenna E, Mioskowski C, Panzeri W, Viani F, Volonterio A, Wagner A, Zanda M. Traceless solid-phase synthesis of 2,4,6-chlorodiamino and triaminopyrimidines. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)01097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] The fluorous synthesis of disubstituted pyrimidines is carried out by attaching 2,4-dichloro-6-methylpyrimidine with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanethiol. The tagged substrate is substituted with 3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole followed by thioether oxidation and tag displacement with amines or thiols. The fluorous chain serves as a phase tag for intermediate and product purification over FluoroFlash SPE cartridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Fluorous Technologies, Inc., University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, 970 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238, USA.
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23
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Willert M, Benito JM, Meldal M. Solid-phase combinatorial library of norstatine-type isosters by the nitroaldol reaction. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2003; 5:91-101. [PMID: 12625698 DOI: 10.1021/cc0100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A combinatorial library of norstatine-type peptide isosters as putative inhibitors of aspartic proteases is presented. The library was synthesized using a split-and-mix strategy designed to afford a one-bead-two-compounds library with the isosteric elements positioned centrally in peptide chains. Application of ladder synthesis during library generation enabled structure identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The library was screened against aspartic protease renin, and two types of inhibitors were identified, that is, XXX-psi[CHRCHOH)-XXX and an aldehyde arising from unreacted starting material. Selected hits were resynthesized and assayed in solution, revealing inhibitors of nanomolar potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Willert
- Department of Chemistry, Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsbergvej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
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24
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Horton DA, Bourne GT, Smythe ML. The combinatorial synthesis of bicyclic privileged structures or privileged substructures. Chem Rev 2003; 103:893-930. [PMID: 12630855 DOI: 10.1021/cr020033s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2443] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Horton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
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25
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Felder ER, Brill WK, Martina K. Derivatization Reactions of Heterocyclic Scaffolds on Solid Phase: Tools for the Synthesis of Drug-Like Molecule Libraries. Methods Enzymol 2003; 369:435-69. [PMID: 14722967 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(03)69023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard R Felder
- Pharmacia Italy S.p.A., Viale Pasteur 10, Nerviano, MI, I-20014, Italy
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26
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Utility of 4,6-dichloro-2-(methylthio)-5-nitropyrimidine. An efficient solid-phase synthesis of olomoucine. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01953-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ermann M, Simkovsky NM, Roberts SM, Parry DM, Baxter AD. Solid-phase synthesis of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ones and related urea derivatives by cyclative cleavage of a carbamate linkage. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 4:352-8. [PMID: 12099853 DOI: 10.1021/cc010091b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A solid-phase synthesis of substituted cyclic urea derivatives as potential heterocyclic library scaffolds is described. 2-Amino-3-nitropyridine is attached to Wang resin via a carbamate linkage. Reduction of the nitro group was achieved with SnCl(2).2H(2)O. Reductive alkylation with a range of substituted benzaldehydes followed by cyclative cleavage afforded a small library of 3-substituted imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-2-ones in 33-45% yield and 59-88% purity. Subsequently, this methodology was applied to the synthesis of 3-substituted imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
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Regioselective 4-amino-de-chlorination of trichloro- and dichloro-pyrimidines with N-sodium carbamates. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Melguizo GM, Marchal A, Nogueras M, Sánchez A, Low JN. Aminolysis of methoxy groups in pyrimidine derivatives. Activation by 5-nitroso. J Heterocycl Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570390114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Dolle RE. Comprehensive survey of combinatorial library synthesis: 2000. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2001; 3:477-517. [PMID: 11703143 DOI: 10.1021/cc010049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R E Dolle
- Department of Chemistry, Adolor Corporation, 371 Phoenixville Pike, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
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31
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Makara GM, Ewing W, Ma Y, Wintner E. Synthesis of bicyclic pyrimidine derivatives as ATP analogues. J Org Chem 2001; 66:5783-9. [PMID: 11511252 DOI: 10.1021/jo015647w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient and general solid-phase synthesis of bicyclic pyrimidine derivatives that target purine dependent proteins is reported. The synthesis of the key intermediate, 4,6-disubstituted-5-amino-pyrimidine, involved reduction of the corresponding nitro derivatives using 1,1'-dioctyl-viologen in a triphasic milieu. The mild reduction conditions enable the use of any acid labile solid support as well as a wide range of combinatorial substituents, thus enabling the synthesis of large libraries of highly diverse bicyclic pyrimidines. Alternative reduction conditions with tin(II) chloride and structure-reactivity studies are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Makara
- NeoGenesis Drug Discovery, 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Zucca C, Bravo P, Volonterio A, Zanda M, Wagner A, Mioskowski C. Regioselective solid-phase 4-amino-de-chlorination of 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine by resin-supported N -potassium carbamates. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)02173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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