1
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Maki T, Sawahata M, Akutsu I, Amaike S, Hiramatsu G, Uta D, Izuo N, Shimizu T, Irie K, Kume T. APP Knock-In Mice Produce E22P-Aβ Exhibiting an Alzheimer's Disease-like Phenotype with Dysregulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13259. [PMID: 36362046 PMCID: PMC9654501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that requires further pathological elucidation to establish effective treatment strategies. We previously showed that amyloid β (Aβ) toxic conformer with a turn at positions 22-23 is essential for forming highly toxic oligomers. In the present study, we evaluated phenotypic changes with aging in AD model AppNL-P-F/NL-P-F (NL-P-F) mice with Swedish mutation (NL), Iberian mutation (F), and mutation (P) overproducing E22P-Aβ, a mimic of toxic conformer utilizing the knock-in technique. Furthermore, the role of the toxic conformer in AD pathology was investigated. NL-P-F mice produced soluble toxic conformers from an early age. They showed impaired synaptic plasticity, glial cell activation, and cognitive decline, followed by the accumulation of Aβ plaques and tau hyperphosphorylation. In addition, the protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α was increased, and gene expression of HIF-3α was decreased in NL-P-F mice. HIF dysregulation due to the production of soluble toxic conformers may be involved in AD pathology in NL-P-F mice. This study could reveal the role of a highly toxic Aβ on AD pathogenesis, thereby contributing to the development of a novel therapeutic strategy targeting the toxic conformer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Maki
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masahito Sawahata
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ichiro Akutsu
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shohei Amaike
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Genki Hiramatsu
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Daisuke Uta
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-Cho, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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2
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Yousof Ali M, Zaib S, Jannat S, Khan I. Discovery of potent and selective dual cholinesterases and β-secretase inhibitors in pomegranate as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106137. [PMID: 36108590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) extract has been reported to inhibit cholinesterase and the β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1); however, most of its constituents' potential inhibition of these enzymes remains unknown. Thus, we investigated the anti-Alzheimer's disease (anti-AD) potential of 16 ellagitannin and gallotannin, and nine anthocyanin derivatives' inhibition of BACE1, AChE, and BChE, and gallagic acid inhibited both the best. Further, a kinetic study identified different modes of inhibition, and a molecular docking simulation revealed that active compounds inhibited these three enzymes with low binding energy through hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions in the active site cavities. Gallagic acid and castalagin decreased Aβ peptides secretion from neuroblastoma cells that overexpressed human β-amyloid precursor protein significantly by 10 μM. Further, treatment with gallagic acid and castalagin reduced BACE1 and APPsβ expression levels significantly without affecting amyloid precursor protein (APP) levels in the amyloidogenic pathway. Co-incubation of Aβ42 with gallagic acid reduced Aβ42-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production significantly. Our results suggest that pomegranate constituents, specifically gallagic acid, may be useful in developing therapeutic treatment modalities for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousof Ali
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Susoma Jannat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, T2N 1N4 Alberta, Canada
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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3
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Mitra S, Talukdar K, Prasad P, Misra SK, Khan S, Sharp JS, Jurss JW, Chakraborty S. Rational Design of a Cu Chelator That Mitigates Cu-Induced ROS Production by Amyloid Beta. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100485. [PMID: 34878720 PMCID: PMC9040527 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease severely perturbs transition metal homeostasis in the brain leading to the accumulation of excess metals in extracellular and intraneuronal locations. The amyloid beta protein binds these transition metals, ultimately causing severe oxidative stress in the brain. Metal chelation therapy is an approach to sequester metals from amyloid beta and relieve the oxidative stress. Here we have designed a mixed N/O donor Cu chelator inspired by the proposed ligand set of Cu in amyloid beta. We demonstrate that the chelator effectively removes Cu from amyloid beta and suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by redox silencing and radical scavenging both in vitro and in cellulo. The impact of ROS on the extent of oxidation of the different aggregated forms of the peptide is studied by mass spectrometry, which, along with other ROS assays, shows that the oligomers are pro-oxidants in nature. The aliphatic Leu34, which was previously unobserved, has been identified as a new oxidation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Mitra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kallol Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Pallavi Prasad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Sandeep K. Misra
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Shabana Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Joshua S. Sharp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Jonah W. Jurss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Saumen Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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4
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Izuo N, Shimizu T, Murakami K, Irie K. [Development of a Novel Alzheimer's Disease Model Based on the Theory of the Toxic-conformer of Amyloid β]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:843-849. [PMID: 34078792 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Development of therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an urgent research task. Amyloid β (Aβ) is one of the causative proteins of AD. Irie et al. identified a toxic conformer among the various structures of 42-mer Aβ (Aβ42). This conformer, which possesses a turn structure at the positions Glu22-Asp23, exhibits rapid oligomerization and potent neurotoxicity. By the generation of conformationally-specific antibodies against this toxic conformer of Aβ, elevation of the toxic conformer in the AD brain was strongly suggested. To investigate the pathogenic role of the toxic conformer in AD, passive immunization experiments against conventional AD model mice were conducted. Specific antibody administration improved the behavioral abnormalities observed in AD model mice without affecting senile plaque pathology. Next, knock-in mice exclusively producing the toxic conformer of Aβ were generated. These mice exhibited cognitive dysfunction and oligomerization of Aβ, which preceded the onset of the plaque deposition. Taken together, the toxic conformer of Aβ is confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of AD, and our knock-in mice could be useful in analyzing the Aβ oligomer-related pathology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Izuo
- The Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
| | | | - Kazuma Murakami
- The Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- The Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kyoto University
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5
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Takeda K, Uda A, Mitsubori M, Nagashima S, Iwasaki H, Ito N, Shiiba I, Ishido S, Matsuoka M, Inatome R, Yanagi S. Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase alleviates Alzheimer's disease pathology via blocking the toxic amyloid-β oligomer generation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:192. [PMID: 33580194 PMCID: PMC7881000 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial pathophysiology is implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). An integrative database of gene dysregulation suggests that the mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase MITOL/MARCH5, a fine-tuner of mitochondrial dynamics and functions, is downregulated in patients with AD. Here, we report that the perturbation of mitochondrial dynamics by MITOL deletion triggers mitochondrial impairments and exacerbates cognitive decline in a mouse model with AD-related Aβ pathology. Notably, MITOL deletion in the brain enhanced the seeding effect of Aβ fibrils, but not the spontaneous formation of Aβ fibrils and plaques, leading to excessive secondary generation of toxic and dispersible Aβ oligomers. Consistent with this, MITOL-deficient mice with Aβ etiology exhibited worsening cognitive decline depending on Aβ oligomers rather than Aβ plaques themselves. Our findings suggest that alteration in mitochondrial morphology might be a key factor in AD due to directing the production of Aβ form, oligomers or plaques, responsible for disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Takeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Aoi Uda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Mitsubori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Nagashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isshin Shiiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishido
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Masaaki Matsuoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Inatome
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yanagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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6
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Cowan CM, Sealey MA, Mudher A. Suppression of tau-induced phenotypes by vitamin E demonstrates the dissociation of oxidative stress and phosphorylation in mechanisms of tau toxicity. J Neurochem 2020; 157:684-694. [PMID: 33251603 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Various lines of evidence implicate oxidative stress in the pathogenic mechanism(s) underpinning tauopathies. Consequently, antioxidant therapies have been considered in clinical practice for the treatment of tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), but with mixed results. We and others have previously reported increased protein oxidation upon expression of both human 0N3R (hTau0N3R ) and 0N4R (hTau0N4R ) tau in vivo. Building on these studies, we demonstrate here the suppression of hTau0N3R associated phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster after treatment with vitamin C or vitamin E. Curiously the rescue of phenotype was seen without alteration in total tau level or alteration in phosphorylation at a number of disease-associated sites. Moreover, treatment with paraquat, a pro-oxidant drug, did not exacerbate the hTau0N3R phenotypes. This result following paraquat treatment is reminiscent of our previous findings with hTau0N4R which also causes greater oxidative stress when compared to hTau0N3R but has a milder phenotype. Collectively our data imply that the role of oxidative stress in tau-mediated toxicity is not straight forward and there may be isoform-specific effects as well as contribution of other factors. This may explain the ambiguous effects of anti-oxidant treatments on clinical outcome in dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Cowan
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Megan A Sealey
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Amritpal Mudher
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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7
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Murakami K, Yamaguchi T, Izuo N, Kume T, Hara H, Irie K. Synthetic and Biophysical Studies on the Toxic Conformer in Amyloid β with the E22Δ Mutation in Alzheimer Pathology. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3017-3024. [PMID: 32790274 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic conformer of the 40- or 42-mer-amyloid β-proteins (Aβ) (Aβ40, Aβ42) with a turn at positions 22 and 23 plays a role in oligomer formation, leading to neurotoxicity as part of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A deletion mutant at Glu22 (E22Δ) of Aβ, known as an Osaka mutation, accelerates oligomerization. Although E22Δ-Aβ has not been found to be toxic to cultured neuronal cells and is instead synaptotoxic in long-term potentiation, there is no information on the toxic conformer of E22Δ-Aβ in AD. The site-directed spin labeling study of E22Δ-Aβ40 by continuous wave-electron spin resonance (CW-ESR) spectroscopy in part showed the spatial proximity between positions 10 and 35, which are characteristic of the toxic conformation of Aβ, indicating the existence of a toxic conformer of Aβ with the E22Δ mutation. To obtain structural insight, E22Δ-Aβ42 substitutes with proline (F20P, A21P, D23P, and V24P), in which proline is known as a turn inducer but is a β-sheet breaker, were synthesized. An enzyme immunoassay using the 24B3 antibody recognizing toxic conformer of Aβ was carried out. 24B3 reacted with these substitutes of E22Δ-Aβ42 as well as E22Δ-Aβ42 in a similar manner to WT-Aβ42. Notably, only A21P-E22Δ-Aβ42 exhibited strong neurotoxicity in rat primary neurons after 8 days of incubation, with potent high-order oligomerization compared with E22Δ-Aβ42. These results suggest that E22Δ-Aβ42 could enhance neurotoxicity by generating a toxic oligomer conformation with a turn near position 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamaguchi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hara
- BioSpin Division, Bruker Japan K. K., Yokohama 221-0022, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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8
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Murakami K, Yoshimura M, Nakagawa S, Kume T, Kondo T, Inoue H, Irie K. Evaluation of Toxic Amyloid 42 Oligomers in Rat Primary Cerebral Cortex Cells and Human iPS-derived Neurons Treated with 10-Me-Aplog-1, a New PKC Activator. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041179. [PMID: 32053979 PMCID: PMC7072833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β42 (Aβ42), a causative agent of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is derived extracellularly from Aβ precursor protein (APP) following the latter’s cleavage by β-secretase, but not α-secretase. Protein kinase Cα (PKCα) activation is known to increase α-secretase activity, thereby suppressing Aβ production. Since Aβ42 oligomer formation causes potent neurotoxicity, APP modulation by PKC ligands is a promising strategy for AD treatment. Although bryostatin-1 (bryo-1) is a leading compound for this strategy, its limited natural availability and the difficulty of its total synthesis impedes further research. To address this limitation, Irie and colleagues have developed a new PKC activator with few side effects, 10-Me-Aplog-1, (1), which decreased Aβ42 in the conditioned medium of rat primary cerebral cortex cells. These results are associated with increased α-secretase but not PKCε-dependent Aβ-degrading enzyme. The amount of neuronal embryonic lethal abnormal vision (nELAV), a known β-secretase stabilizer, was reduced by treatment with 1. Notably, 1 prevented the formation of intracellular toxic oligomers. Furthermore, 1 suppressed toxic oligomerization within human iPS-derived neurons such as bryo-1. Given that 1 was not neurotoxic toward either cell line, these findings suggest that 1 is a potential drug lead for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (K.I.); Tel.: +81-75-753-6282 (K.M.); +81-75-753-6281 (K.I.)
| | - Mayuko Yoshimura
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
| | - Shota Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (T.K.)
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.K.); (H.I.)
- iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.K.); (H.I.)
- iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (K.I.); Tel.: +81-75-753-6282 (K.M.); +81-75-753-6281 (K.I.)
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9
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Insulin deficiency promotes formation of toxic amyloid-β42 conformer co-aggregating with hyper-phosphorylated tau oligomer in an Alzheimer's disease model. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 137:104739. [PMID: 31927145 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic conformer of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) ending at 42 (Aβ42), which contains a unique turn conformation at amino acid residue positions 22 and 23 and tends to form oligomers that are neurotoxic, was reported to play a critical role in the pathomechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which diabetes mellitus (DM)-like mechanisms are also suggested to be operative. It remains to be established whether the attenuation of insulin signaling is involved in an increase of toxic Aβ42 conformer levels. The present study investigated the association between impaired insulin metabolism and formation of toxic Aβ42 conformers in the brains of an AD mouse model. In particular, we studied whether insulin deficiency or resistance affected the formation of toxic Aβ42 conformers in vivo. We induced insulin deficiency and resistance in 3xTg-AD mice, a mouse AD model harboring two familial AD-mutant APP (KM670/671NL) and PS1 (M146 V) genes and a mutant TAU (P301L) gene, by streptozotocin (STZ) injection and a high fructose diet (HFuD), respectively. Cognitive impairment was significantly worsened by STZ injection but not by HFuD. Dot blot analysis revealed significant increases in total Aβ42 levels and the ratio of toxic Aβ42 conformer/total Aβ42 in STZ-treated mice compared with control and HFuD-fed mice. Immunostaining showed the accumulation of toxic Aβ42 conformers and hyper-phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau), which was more prominent in the cortical and hippocampal neurons of STZ-treated mice compared with HFuD-fed and control mice. HFuD-fed mice showed only a mild-to-moderate increase of these proteins compared with controls. Toxic Aβ42 conformers were co-localized with p-tau oligomers (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.62) in the hippocampus, indicating their co-aggregation. Toxic Aβ42 conformer levels were inversely correlated with pancreatic insulin secretion capacity as shown by fasting immunoreactive insulin levels in STZ-treated mice (correlation coefficient = -0.5879, p = .04441), but not HFuD-fed mice, suggesting a decrease in serum insulin levels correlates with toxic Aβ42 conformer formation. Levels of p-Akt and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β measured by a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assay were significantly lower in STZ-treated mice than in HFuD-fed mice, suggesting a greater inhibition of brain insulin signaling by STZ than HFuD, although both levels were significantly decreased in these groups compared with controls. Iba1-positive and NOS2-positive areas in the cortex and hippocampus were significantly increased in STZ-treated mice and to a lesser extent in HFuD-fed mice compared with controls. These findings suggest that insulin deficiency rather than insulin resistance and the resultant impairment of brain insulin signaling facilitates the formation of toxic Aβ42 conformer and its co-aggregation with p-tau oligomers, and that insulin deficiency is an important pathogenic factor in the progression of AD.
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10
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Irie K. New diagnostic method for Alzheimer’s disease based on the toxic conformation theory of amyloid β. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1-16. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1667222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recent investigations suggest that soluble oligomeric amyloid β (Aβ) species may be involved in early onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using systematic proline replacement, solid-state NMR, and ESR, we identified a toxic turn at position 22 and 23 of Aβ42, the most potent neurotoxic Aβ species. Through radicalization, the toxic turn can induce formation of the C-terminal hydrophobic core to obtain putative Aβ42 dimers and trimers. Synthesized dimer and trimer models showed that the C-terminal hydrophobic core plays a critical role in the formation of high molecular weight oligomers with neurotoxicity. Accordingly, an anti-toxic turn antibody (24B3) that selectively recognizes a toxic dimer model of E22P-Aβ42 was developed. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with 24B3 and 82E1 detected a significantly higher ratio of Aβ42 with a toxic turn to total Aβ42 in cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients compared with controls, suggesting that 24B3 could be useful for early onset of AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Iwasaki M, Izuo N, Izumi Y, Takada-Takatori Y, Akaike A, Kume T. Protective Effect of Green Perilla-Derived Chalcone Derivative DDC on Amyloid β Protein-Induced Neurotoxicity in Primary Cortical Neurons. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1942-1946. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mami Iwasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Yasuhiko Izumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yuki Takada-Takatori
- Department of Rational Medicinal Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College
| | - Akinori Akaike
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
- Wakayama Medical University
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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12
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Izuo N, Murakami K, Fujihara Y, Maeda M, Saito T, Saido TC, Irie K, Shimizu T. An App knock-in mouse inducing the formation of a toxic conformer of Aβ as a model for evaluating only oligomer-induced cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:462-467. [PMID: 31164199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Irie and colleagues identified a "toxic conformer", which possesses a turn structure at positions 22-23, among various conformations of Aβ and have been reporting its potent oligomeric capacity and neurotoxicity. This toxic conformer was detected in the brains of AD patients and AD model mice (Tg2576 line), and passive immunization targeting this conformer ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction in an AD model. In this study, we developed a novel AD mouse model (AppNL-P-F/NL-P-F) with Swedish mutation (NL), Iberian mutation (F), and mutation (P) overproducing E22P-Aβ, a mimic of the toxic conformer, utilizing the knock-in technique that well recapitulates the Aβ pathology of AD patients in mice and avoids the artificial phenotype observed in transgenic-type model mice. We confirmed that AppNL-P-F/NL-P-F mice produce Aβ by ELISA and accumulate senile plaques by immunohistochemistry at eight months of age. In WB, we observed a potential trimer band and high molecular-weight oligomer bands without a monomeric band in the TBS-soluble fraction of AppNL-P-F/NL-P-F mice at six months of age. In the novel object recognition test, cognitive impairment was observed at six months of age in these mice. These findings suggest that the toxic conformer of Aβ induces cognitive dysfunction mediated by its oligomer formation in this mouse brain. AppNL-P-F/NL-P-F mice may be a useful model for evaluating Aβ oligomer-induced cognitive impairment in AD and will aid in exploring therapeutic targets for AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan; Vascular Neurodegeneration Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne University, VIC, Australia
| | - Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fujihara
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Maeda
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co, Ltd, Fujioka-shi, Gumma, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan; Department of Mechanism of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
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13
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Kageyama Y, Saito A, Pletnikova O, Rudow GL, Irie Y, An Y, Murakami K, Irie K, Resnick SM, Fowler DR, Martin LJ, Troncoso JC. Amyloid β toxic conformer has dynamic localization in the human inferior parietal cortex in absence of amyloid plaques. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16895. [PMID: 30442978 PMCID: PMC6237870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, its distribution and clearance before Aβ plaque formation needs to be elucidated. Using an optimized immunofluorescent staining method, we examined the distribution of Aβ in the post-mortem parietal cortex of 35 subjects, 30 to 65 years of age, APOE ε3/ε3, without AD lesions. We used 11A1, an antibody against an Aβ conformer which forms neurotoxic oligomers. 11A1 immunoreactivity (IR) was present in cortical neurons, pericapillary spaces, astrocytes and the extracellular compartment at 30 years of age. The percentage of neurons with 11A1 IR did not change with age, but the number and percentage of astrocytes with 11A1 IR gradually increased. Notably, the percentage of pericapillary spaces labeled with 11A1 IR declined significantly in the 5th decade of the life, at the same time that 11A1 IR increased in the extracellular space. Our findings indicate that the Aβ toxic conformer is normally present in various cell types and brain parenchyma, and appears to be constitutively produced, degraded, and cleared from the inferior parietal cortex. The decrease in pericapillary Aβ and the concomitant increase of extracellular Aβ may reflect an age-associated impairment in Aβ clearance from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kageyama
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Gay L Rudow
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yumi Irie
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, NIH/NIA/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, NIH/NIA/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David R Fowler
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lee J Martin
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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14
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Akiba C, Nakajima M, Miyajima M, Ogino I, Motoi Y, Kawamura K, Adachi S, Kondo A, Sugano H, Tokuda T, Irie K, Arai H. Change of Amyloid-β 1-42 Toxic Conformer Ratio After Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion Predicts Long-Term Cognitive Outcome in Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 63:989-1002. [PMID: 29710721 PMCID: PMC6004932 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) contributes to poor shunt responses. Amyloid-β 1- 42 (Aβ42) toxic conformer was recently identified with features of rapid oligomerization, strong neurotoxicity and synaptotoxicity. OBJECTIVE This observational study points to Aβ42 toxic conformer as a biomarker for AD pathology and for poor postoperative prognosis in patients with iNPH. METHODS The first cohort consisted of patients with AD (n = 17) and iNPH (n = 17), and cognitively normal individuals (CN, n = 12). The second cohort, consisted of 51 patients with iNPH, was divided into two groups according to phosphorylated Tau (pTau) level (low- and high-pTau groups); the low-pTau group was further subdivided according to one-year postoperative change in Aβ42 toxic conformer ratio (%) [Aβ42 toxic conformer/Aβ42×100] (decreased- and increased-conformer subgroups). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure pTau, Aβ42, and Aβ42 toxic conformer in cerebrospinal fluid. Outcomes were evaluated using neuropsychological tests one- and two-years postoperatively. RESULTS In the first cohort, Aβ42 toxic conformer ratio in the iNPH group (10.8%) was significantly higher than that in the CN group (6.3%) and significantly lower than that in the AD group (17.2%). In the second cohort, the high-pTau group showed cognitive decline two-years postoperatively compared to baseline. However, the low-pTau group showed favorable outcomes one-year postoperatively; furthermore, the increased-conformer subgroup showed cognitive decline two-years postoperatively while the decreased-conformer subgroup maintained the improvement. CONCLUSIONS Change in Aβ42 toxic conformer ratio predicts long-term cognitive outcome in iNPH, even in the low-pTau group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Akiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Nakajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Miyajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ogino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Motoi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaito Kawamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Adachi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Sugano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Arai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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A Toxic Conformer of Aβ42 with a Turn at 22-23 is a Novel Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11811. [PMID: 28924167 PMCID: PMC5603611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy targeting Aβ42 is drawing attention as a possible therapeutic approach for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Considering the significance of reported oligomerized Aβ42 species, selective targeting of the oligomer will increase the therapeutic efficacy. However, what kinds of oligomers are suitable targets for immunotherapy remains unclear. We previously identified a toxic conformer of Aβ42, which has a turn structure at 22–23 (“toxic turn”), among Aβ42 conformations. This toxic conformer of Aβ42 has been reported to show rapid oligomerization and to exhibit strong neurotoxicity and synaptotoxicity. We recently developed a monoclonal antibody against the toxic conformer (24B3), which demonstrated the increase of the toxic conformer in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients, indicating its accumulation in AD patients’ brains. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of 24B3 targeting the toxic conformer in AD model mice. The intraperitoneal administration of 24B3 for 3 months improved cognitive impairment and reduced the toxic conformer levels. Notably, this treatment did not reduce the number of senile plaques. Furthermore, the single intravenous administration of 24B3 suppressed the memory deficit in AD mice. These results suggest that the toxic conformer of Aβ42 with a turn at 22–23 represents one of the promising therapeutic targets.
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16
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Oku Y, Murakami K, Irie K, Hoseki J, Sakai Y. Synthesized Aβ42 Caused Intracellular Oxidative Damage, Leading to Cell Death, via Lysosome Rupture. Cell Struct Funct 2017; 42:71-79. [PMID: 28413178 DOI: 10.1247/csf.17006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cellular accumulation of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intracellular accumulation of Aβ42, a toxic form of Aβ, was observed as an early event in AD patients. However, its contribution and the cellular mechanism of cell death remained unclear. We herein revealed the mechanism by which Aβ42 incorporated into cells leads to cell death by using chemically synthesized Aβ42 variants. The Aβ42 variant Aβ42 (E22P) which has an increased tendency to oligomerize, accumulated in lysosomes at an earlier stage than wild-type Aβ42, leading to higher ROS production and lysosomal membrane oxidation, and resulting in cell death. On the other hand, Aβ42 (E22V), which is incapable of oligomerization, did not accumulate in cells or affect the cell viability. Moreover, intracellular localization of EGFP-Galectin-3, a β-galactoside binding lectin, showed that accumulation of oligomerized Aβ42 in lysosomes caused lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). Overexpression of lysosome-localized LAMP1-fused peroxiredoxin 1 and treatment with U18866A, an inhibitor of cholesterol export from lysosomes that causes an increase in lysosomal membrane stability, attenuated Aβ42-mediated LMP and cell death. Our findings show that lysosomal ROS generation by toxic conformer of Aβ led to cell death via LMP, and suggest that these events are potential targets for AD prevention.Key words: Amyloid-beta (Aβ), Cell death, Lysosome, Lysosomal membrane permeabilization, Reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Oku
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies, Kyoto University
| | - Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University
| | - Jun Hoseki
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University.,Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Yasuyoshi Sakai
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University.,Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
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17
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Zhang M, Qian F, Liu Q, Qian C, Thu PM, Wang Y, Zheng ZG, Yang H, Li P, Xu X. Evaluation of structure–activity relationships of ginsenosides against amyloid β induced pathological behaviours in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05717b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic in vivo study comparing the effects of different ginsenosides on Aβ induced toxicity and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Fei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Qingling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Cheng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Pyone Myat Thu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Zu-Guo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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18
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Murakami K, Tokuda M, Suzuki T, Irie Y, Hanaki M, Izuo N, Monobe Y, Akagi KI, Ishii R, Tatebe H, Tokuda T, Maeda M, Kume T, Shimizu T, Irie K. Monoclonal antibody with conformational specificity for a toxic conformer of amyloid β42 and its application toward the Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29038. [PMID: 27374357 PMCID: PMC4931470 DOI: 10.1038/srep29038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β-protein (Aβ42) oligomerization is an early event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Current diagnostic methods using sequence-specific antibodies against less toxic fibrillar and monomeric Aβ42 run the risk of overdiagnosis. Hence, conformation-specific antibodies against neurotoxic Aβ42 oligomers have garnered much attention for developing more accurate diagnostics. Antibody 24B3, highly specific for the toxic Aβ42 conformer that has a turn at Glu22 and Asp23, recognizes a putative Aβ42 dimer, which forms stable and neurotoxic oligomers more potently than the monomer. 24B3 significantly rescues Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity, whereas sequence-specific antibodies such as 4G8 and 82E1, which recognizes the N-terminus, do not. The ratio of toxic to total Aβ42 in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients is significantly higher than in control subjects as measured by sandwich ELISA using antibodies 24B3 and 82E1. Thus, 24B3 may be useful for AD diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maki Tokuda
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yumi Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mizuho Hanaki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Monobe
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Akagi
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Harutsugu Tatebe
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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19
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Barrera Guisasola EE, Andujar SA, Hubin E, Broersen K, Kraan IM, Méndez L, Delpiccolo CM, Masman MF, Rodríguez AM, Enriz RD. New mimetic peptides inhibitors of Αβ aggregation. Molecular guidance for rational drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 95:136-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Murakami K. Conformation-specific antibodies to target amyloid β oligomers and their application to immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 78:1293-305. [PMID: 25130729 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.940275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) oligomers, intermediates of Aβ aggregation, cause cognitive impairment and synaptotoxicity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Immunotherapy using anti-Aβ antibody is one of the most promising approaches for AD treatment. However, most clinical trials using conventional sequence-specific antibodies have proceeded with difficulty. This is probably due to the unintended removal of the non-pathological monomer and fibrils of Aβ as well as the pathological oligomers by these antibodies that recognize Aβ sequence, which is not involved in synaptotoxicity. Several efforts have been made recently to develop conformation-specific antibodies that target the tertiary structure of Aβ oligomers. Here, we review the recent findings of Aβ oligomers and anti-Aβ antibodies including our own, and discuss their potential as therapeutic and diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- a Division of Food Science and Biotechnology , Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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21
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Viola KL, Klein WL. Amyloid β oligomers in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, treatment, and diagnosis. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:183-206. [PMID: 25604547 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is common to dozens of diseases including prionoses, diabetes, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Over the past 15 years, there has been a paradigm shift in understanding the structural basis for these proteinopathies. Precedent for this shift has come from investigation of soluble Aβ oligomers (AβOs), toxins now widely regarded as instigating neuron damage leading to Alzheimer's dementia. Toxic AβOs accumulate in AD brain and constitute long-lived alternatives to the disease-defining Aβ fibrils deposited in amyloid plaques. Key experiments using fibril-free AβO solutions demonstrated that while Aβ is essential for memory loss, the fibrillar Aβ in amyloid deposits is not the agent. The AD-like cellular pathologies induced by AβOs suggest their impact provides a unifying mechanism for AD pathogenesis, explaining why early stage disease is specific for memory and accounting for major facets of AD neuropathology. Alternative ideas for triggering mechanisms are being actively investigated. Some research favors insertion of AβOs into membrane, while other evidence supports ligand-like accumulation at particular synapses. Over a dozen candidate toxin receptors have been proposed. AβO binding triggers a redistribution of critical synaptic proteins and induces hyperactivity in metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors. This leads to Ca(2+) overload and instigates major facets of AD neuropathology, including tau hyperphosphorylation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and synapse loss. Because different species of AβOs have been identified, a remaining question is which oligomer is the major pathogenic culprit. The possibility has been raised that more than one species plays a role. Despite some key unknowns, the clinical relevance of AβOs has been established, and new studies are beginning to point to co-morbidities such as diabetes and hypercholesterolemia as etiological factors. Because pathogenic AβOs appear early in the disease, they offer appealing targets for therapeutics and diagnostics. Promising therapeutic strategies include use of CNS insulin signaling enhancers to protect against the presence of toxins and elimination of the toxins through use of highly specific AβO antibodies. An AD-dependent accumulation of AβOs in CSF suggests their potential use as biomarkers and new AβO probes are opening the door to brain imaging. Overall, current evidence indicates that Aβ oligomers provide a substantive molecular basis for the cause, treatment and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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22
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Nguyen PH, Tarus B, Derreumaux P. Familial Alzheimer A2 V Mutation Reduces the Intrinsic Disorder and Completely Changes the Free Energy Landscape of the Aβ1–28 Monomer. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:501-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H. Nguyen
- Laboratoire
de Biochimie Théorique, UPR 9080 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IBPC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bogdan Tarus
- Laboratoire
de Biochimie Théorique, UPR 9080 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IBPC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Derreumaux
- Laboratoire
de Biochimie Théorique, UPR 9080 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IBPC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, IUF, 103 Boulevard Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
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23
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Kobori T, Harada S, Nakamoto K, Tokuyama S. Involvement of PtdIns(4,5)P2 in the regulatory mechanism of small intestinal P-glycoprotein expression. J Pharm Sci 2013; 103:743-51. [PMID: 24311454 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that repeated oral administration of etoposide (ETP) activates the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) scaffold proteins for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) via Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) signaling, leading to increased ileal P-gp expression. Recent studies indicate that phosphatidyl inositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] regulates the plasma-membrane localization of certain proteins, and its synthase, the type I phosphatidyl inositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PI4P5K), is largely controlled by RhoA/ROCK. Here, we examined whether PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PI4P5K are involved in the increased expression of ileal P-gp following the ERM activation by ETP treatment. Male ddY mice (4-week-old) were treated with ETP (10 mg/kg/day, per os, p.o.) for 5 days. Protein-expression levels were measured by either western blot or dot blot analysis and molecular interactions were assessed using immunoprecipitation assays. ETP treatment significantly increased PI4P5K, ERM, and P-gp expression in the ileal membrane. This effect was suppressed following the coadministration of ETP with rosuvastatin (a RhoA inhibitor) or fasudil (a ROCK inhibitor). Notably, the PtdIns(4,5)P2 expression in the ileal membrane, as well as both P-gp and ERM levels coimmunoprecipitated with anti-PtdIns(4,5)P2 antibody, were increased by ETP treatment. PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PI4P5K may contribute to the increase in ileal P-gp expression observed following the ETP treatment, possibly through ERM activation via the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kobori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
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24
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Wang ZJ, Han WN, Yang GZ, Yuan L, Liu XJ, Li QS, Qi JS. The neuroprotection of Rattin against amyloid β peptide in spatial memory and synaptic plasticity of rats. Hippocampus 2013; 24:44-53. [PMID: 23996574 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rattin, a specific derivative of humanin in rats, shares the ability with HN to protect neurons against amyloid β (Aβ) peptide-induced cellular toxicity. However, it is still unclear whether Rattin can protect against Aβ-induced deficits in cognition and synaptic plasticity in rats. In the present study, we observed the effects of Rattin and Aβ31-35 on the spatial reference memory and in vivo hippocampal Long-term potentiation of rats by using Morris water maze test and hippocampal field potential recording. Furthermore, the probable molecular mechanism underlying the neuroprotective roles of Rattin was investigated. We showed that intra-hippocampal injection of Rattin effectively prevented the Aβ31-35-induced spatial memory deficits and hippocampal LTP suppression in rats; the Aβ31-35-induced activation of Caspase-3 and inhibition of STAT3 in the hippocampus were also prevented by Rattin treatment. These findings indicate that Rattin treatment can protect spatial memory and synaptic plasticity of rats against Aβ31-35-induced impairments, and the underlying protective mechanism of Rattin may be involved in STAT3 and Caspases-3 pathways. Therefore, application of Rattin or activation of its signaling pathways in the brain might be beneficial to the prevention of Aβ-related cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Jun Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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Izuo N, Murakami K, Sato M, Iwasaki M, Izumi Y, Shimizu T, Akaike A, Irie K, Kume T. Non-toxic conformer of amyloid β may suppress amyloid β-induced toxicity in rat primary neurons: Implications for a novel therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Attanasio F, Convertino M, Magno A, Caflisch A, Corazza A, Haridas H, Esposito G, Cataldo S, Pignataro B, Milardi D, Rizzarelli E. Carnosine inhibits Aβ(42) aggregation by perturbing the H-bond network in and around the central hydrophobic cluster. Chembiochem 2013; 14:583-92. [PMID: 23440928 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) into fibrillar structures is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, preventing self-assembly of the Aβ peptide is an attractive therapeutic strategy. Here, we used experimental techniques and atomistic simulations to investigate the influence of carnosine, a dipeptide naturally occurring in the brain, on Aβ aggregation. Scanning force microscopy, circular dichroism and thioflavin T fluorescence experiments showed that carnosine does not modify the conformational features of Aβ42 but nonetheless inhibits amyloid growth. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicated that carnosine interacts transiently with monomeric Aβ42 by salt bridges with charged side chains, and van der Waals contacts with residues in and around the central hydrophobic cluster ((17)LVFFA(21)). NMR experiments on the nonaggregative fragment Aβ12-28 did not evidence specific intermolecular interactions between the peptide and carnosine, in agreement with MD simulations. However, a close inspection of the spectra revealed that carnosine interferes with the local propensity of the peptide to form backbone hydrogen bonds close to the central hydrophobic cluster (residues E22, S26 and N27). Finally, MD simulations of aggregation-prone Aβ heptapeptide segments show that carnosine reduces the propensity to form intermolecular backbone hydrogen bonds in the region 18-24. Taken together, the experimental and simulation results (cumulative MD sampling of 0.2 ms) suggest that, despite the inability of carnosine to form stable contacts with Aβ, it might block the pathway toward toxic aggregates by perturbing the hydrogen bond network near residues with key roles in fibrillogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Attanasio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-UOS CT, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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