1
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Chang ASM, Kascoutas MA, Valentine QP, How KI, Thomas RM, Cook AK. Alkene Isomerization Using a Heterogeneous Nickel-Hydride Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15596-15608. [PMID: 38771258 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed alkene isomerization is an enabling technology used to install an alkene distal to its original site. Due to their well-defined structure, homogeneous catalysts can be fine-tuned to optimize reactivity, stereoselectivity, and positional selectivity, but they often suffer from instability and nonrecyclability. Heterogeneous catalysts are generally highly robust but continue to lack active-site specificity and are challenging to rationally improve through structural modification. Known single-site heterogeneous catalysts for alkene isomerization utilize precious metals and bespoke, expensive, and synthetically intense supports. Additionally, they generally have mediocre reactivity, inspiring us to develop a heterogeneous catalyst with an active site made from readily available compounds made of Earth-abundant elements. Previous work demonstrated that a very active homogeneous catalyst is formed upon protonation of Ni[P(OEt)3]4 by H2SO4, generating a [Ni-H]+ active site. This catalyst is incredibly active, but also decomposes readily, which severely limits its utility. Herein we show that by using a solid acid (sulfated zirconia, SZO300), not only is this decomposition prevented, but high activity is maintained, improved selectivity is achieved, and a broader scope of functional groups is tolerated. Preliminary mechanistic experiments suggest that the catalytic reaction likely goes through an intermolecular, two-electron pathway. A detailed kinetic study comparing the state-of-the-art Ni and Pd isomerization catalysts reveals that the highest activity and selectivity is seen with the Ni/SZO300 system. The reactivity of Ni/SZO300, is not limited to alkene isomerization; it is also a competent catalyst for hydroalkenylation, hydroboration, and hydrosilylation, demonstrating the broad application of this heterogeneous catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Sy-Min Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Melanie A Kascoutas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Quinn P Valentine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Kiera I How
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Rachel M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Amanda K Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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2
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Gong Y, Hu J, Qiu C, Gong H. Insights into Recent Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive and Redox C-C Coupling of Electrophiles, C(sp 3)-H Bonds and Alkenes. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1149-1162. [PMID: 38547518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusTransition metal-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of two carbon electrophiles, also known as cross-electrophile coupling (XEC), has transformed the landscape of C-C coupling chemistry. Nickel catalysts, in particular, have demonstrated exceptional performance in facilitating XEC reactions, allowing for diverse elegant transformations by employing various electrophiles to forge C-C bonds. Nevertheless, several crucial challenges remain to be addressed. First, the intrinsic chemoselectivity between two structurally similar electrophiles in Ni-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp2)-C(sp2) cross-coupling has not been well understood; this necessitates an excess of one of the coupling partners to achieve synthetically useful outcomes. Second, the substitution of economically and environmentally benign nonmetal reductants for Zn/Mn can help scale up XEC reactions and avoid trace metals in pharmaceutical products, but research in this direction has progressed slowly. Finally, it is highly warranted to leverage mechanistic insights from Ni-catalyzed XEC to develop innovative thermoredox coupling protocols, specifically designed to tackle challenges associated with difficult substrates such as C(sp3)-H bonds and unactivated alkenes.In this Account, we address the aforementioned issues by reviewing our recent work on the reductive coupling of C-X and C-O electrophiles, the thermoredox strategy for coupling associated with C(sp3)-H bonds and unactivated alkenes, and the use of diboron esters as nonmetal reductants to achieve reductive coupling. We focus on the mechanistic perspectives of the transformations, particularly how the key C-NiIII-C intermediates are generated, in order to explain the chemoselective and regioselective coupling results. The Account consists of four sections. First, we discuss the Zn/Mn-mediated chemoselective C(sp2)-C(sp2) and C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formations based on the coupling of selected alkyl/aryl, allyl/benzyl, and other electrophiles. Second, we describe the use of diboron esters as versatile reductants to achieve C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp3)-C(sp2) couplings, with an emphasis on the mechanistic consideration for the construction of C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds. Third, we discuss leveraging C(sp3)-O bonds for effective C(sp3)-C bond formation via in situ halogenation of alcohols as well as the reductive preparation of α-vinylated and -arylated unusual amino esters. In the final section, we illustrate the thermoredox functionalization of challenging C(sp3)-H bonds with aryl and alkyl halides to afford C(sp3)-C bonds by taking advantage of the compatibility of Zn with the oxidant di-tert-butylperoxide (DTBP). Furthermore, we discuss a Ni-catalyzed and SiH/DTBP-mediated hydrodimerization of terminal alkenes to selectively forge head-to-head and methyl branched C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds. This process, conducted in the presence or absence of catalytic CuBr2, provides a solution to a long-standing challenge: site-selective hydrocoupling of unactivated alkenes to produce challenging C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Canbin Qiu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hegui Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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3
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Zhou W, Dmitriev IA, Melchiorre P. Reductive Cross-Coupling of Olefins via a Radical Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25098-25102. [PMID: 37947488 PMCID: PMC10682986 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Olefins are widely available at low costs, which explains the usefulness of developing new methods for their functionalization. Here we report a simple protocol that uses a photoredox catalyst and an inexpensive thiol catalyst to stitch together two olefins, forming a new C-C bond. Specifically, an electron-poor olefin is reduced by the photoredox catalyst to generate, upon protonation, a carbon radical, which is then captured by a neutral olefin. This intermolecular cross-coupling process provides a tool for rapidly synthesizing sp3-dense molecules from olefins using an unconventional disconnection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- ICIQ
− Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Avinguda Països Catalans
16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Igor A. Dmitriev
- ICIQ
− Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Avinguda Països Catalans
16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry ‘Toso Montanari’, University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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4
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Zhang Z, Gevorgyan V. Escape from Hydrofunctionalization: Palladium Hydride-Enabled Difunctionalization of Conjugated Dienes and Enynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311848. [PMID: 37788158 PMCID: PMC10842412 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Palladium hydrides are traditionally employed in hydrofunctionalization (i.e. monofunctionalization) of conjugated dienes and enynes, owning to its facile protic hydropalladation of electron-rich (or neutral) unsaturated bonds. Herein, we report a mild PdH-catalyzed difunctionalization of conjugated dienes and enynes. This protocol is enabled by the chemoselectivity switch of the initial hydropalladation step achieved by visible light enhancement of hydricity of PdH species. This method allows for cascade annulation of dienes and enynes with various easily available and abundant substrates, such as acrylic acids, acrylic amides, and Baylis-Hillman adducts, toward a wide range of alkenyl or alkynyl lactones, lactams, and tetrahydrofurans. This protocol also provides an easy access to complex spiro-fused tricyclic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA
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5
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Jing C, Mao W, Bower JF. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkene Hydroalkylation via a Heteroaryl-Directed Enolization-Decarboxylation Sequence. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23918-23924. [PMID: 37879082 PMCID: PMC10636747 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Upon exposure to a cationic Ir(I)-complex modified with the chiral diphosphine DuanPhos, hydroalkylations of styrenes and α-olefins with diverse heteroaryl tert-butyl acetates occur with complete branched selectivity and very high enantioselectivity. The initial adducts undergo acid promoted decarboxylation in situ to provide alkylated heteroarenes possessing defined β-stereocenters. The processes are postulated to proceed via a stereodefined chiral Ir-enolate, which arises upon heteroarene directed enolization of the heteroaryl acetate precursor. The method can be classified as an enantioselective decarboxylative C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Jing
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
| | - Wenbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
| | - John F. Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
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6
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Simlandy AK, Alturaifi TM, Nguyen JM, Oxtoby LJ, Wong QN, Chen JS, Liu P, Engle KM. Enantioselective Hydroalkenylation and Hydroalkynylation of Alkenes Enabled by a Transient Directing Group: Catalyst Generality through Rigidification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304013. [PMID: 37141510 PMCID: PMC10524838 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of α-chiral alkenes and alkynes represents a powerful strategy for rapid generation of molecular complexity. Herein, we report a transient directing group (TDG) strategy to facilitate site-selective palladium-catalyzed reductive Heck-type hydroalkenylation and hydroalkynylation of alkenylaldehyes using alkenyl and alkynyl bromides, respectively, allowing for construction of a stereocenter at the δ-position with respect to the aldehyde. Computational studies reveal the dual beneficial roles of rigid TDGs, such as L-tert-leucine, in promoting TDG binding and inducing high levels of enantioselectivity in alkene insertion with a variety of migrating groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Simlandy
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, CA 92037, La Jolla, USA
| | - Turki M Alturaifi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, PA 15260, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Johny M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, CA 92037, La Jolla, USA
| | - Lucas J Oxtoby
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, CA 92037, La Jolla, USA
| | - Quynh Nguyen Wong
- Automated Synthesis Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, CA 92037, La Jolla, USA
| | - Jason S Chen
- Automated Synthesis Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, CA 92037, La Jolla, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, PA 15260, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, CA 92037, La Jolla, USA
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7
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Sarkar S, Ghosh S, Kurandina D, Noffel Y, Gevorgyan V. Enhanced Excited-State Hydricity of Pd-H Allows for Unusual Head-to-Tail Hydroalkenylation of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:12224-12232. [PMID: 37224263 PMCID: PMC10750326 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced enhancement of hydricity of palladium hydride species enables unprecedented hydride addition-like ("hydridic") hydropalladation of electron-deficient alkenes, which allows for chemoselective head-to-tail cross-hydroalkenylation of electron-deficient and electron-rich alkenes. This mild and general protocol works with a wide range of densely functionalized and complex alkenes. Notably, this approach also allows for highly challenging cross-dimerization of electronically diverse vinyl arenes and heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Daria Kurandina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Yusuf Noffel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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8
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Zhang Z, Chen Y, Gu X, Ho CY. (NHC)Ni(II)-Directed Insertions and Higher Substituted Olefin Synthesis from Simple Olefins. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:1070-1086. [PMID: 37036948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusWell-controlled olefin insertion is critical for achieving catalytic and productive bulk and fine-chemical synthesis. Developing efficient and selective methods for meeting diverse insertion demands is extremely noteworthy, as it supports numerous transformations. The challenges are related to improving catalyst performance and selectivity control and uniting previously unreactive substrate pairs to achieve higher molecular structural complexity and utility. Nickel catalysts have received persistent attention in higher substituted olefin synthesis and polymerization, and numerous new strategies have been established to fulfill the ever-changing demands. This Account focuses on the recent progress based on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands and nickel catalysts in our laboratory in using simple terminal olefins as olefin donors or acceptors.It begins with a brief history of olefin codimerization and the major advances in hydrovinylation achieved by other research groups using ethylene as an olefin donor. It then describes problems related to the reductive elimination that can occur when both the hydrometalated alkene and NHC are on the catalyst. It emphasizes the impact of NHC catalyst generation methods on the competing reactivity. Next, it explains the principal challenges and great opportunities in using our method (with α-olefins as olefin donors and alkenyl sources) to replace intermolecular reductive hydroalkenylation reactions (which require rare and more expensive alkenyl halides and boronic acids as reactants, alongside a stoichiometric amount of metallic reagents). The Account then illustrates the potential uses of our method for solving challenging organic synthesis problems using tailor-made (NHC)Ni(II) catalysts to allow redox-neutral catalytic cycles based on high chemo- and regioselective cross-insertion controls. It shows that upon optimal steric and electronic cooperation between the NHC, olefin donor, and olefin acceptor, regiodivergent insertion and convergent synthesis can be achieved easily.In the course of our work, we uncovered several unique insights into regulating (anti-)Markovnikov hydronickelation, carbonickelation, hydrocarbonation, ring closure, 1,3-allyl shift, isomerization, and catalyst regeneration under green, neutral, and mild-temperature conditions. These insights are also outlined here, along with theoretical calculations that offer additional understandings of the insertion reactivity and selectivity differences observed between the NHC and the highly related phosphorus-based Ni(II) hydride-catalyzed cross-hydroalkenylation and cycloisomerization systems.Compared to traditional olefin and cyclic structure synthesis technology, such as olefin cross-metathesis, enyne cyclization, and cross-coupling reactions, the new catalyst systems often offer previously inaccessible product structural characteristics, substrate scope, and outcomes. In particular, the method is effective for the catalytic synthesis of unsymmetrical and functionalized 1,1-disubstituted olefins (a.k.a. gem-olefins), 1,4-dienes (a.k.a. skipped dienes), conjugated dienes, endo- and exocyclic olefins, fused and spiro rings, and aromatic products. These syntheses are variously achieved by cross-hydroalkenylation, insertion-induced rearrangement, cycloadditions, and other approaches inspired by our investigations and detailed in this Account. Cross-hydroalkenylation can be achieved with high enantioselectivity by application of carefully designed and structurally flexible C1 and C2 chiral NHC ligands, yielding a pool of chiral branched alkenes and 1,4-dienes directly from simple chemical feedstocks used in industry. This Account will draw further attention to green alkenylation and the related development of redox-neutral catalytic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chun-Yu Ho
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
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9
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Coordination Versatility of NHC-metal Topologies in Asymmetric Catalysis: Synthetic Insights and Recent Trends. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Wu Z, Wu M, Zhu K, Wu J, Lu Y. Photocatalytic coupling of electron-deficient alkenes using oxalic acid as a traceless linchpin. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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A theory-driven synthesis of symmetric and unsymmetric 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane analogues via radical difunctionalization of ethylene. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7034. [PMID: 36411284 PMCID: PMC9678890 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) and its synthetic analogues are important structural motifs in organic synthesis, particularly as diphosphine ligands with a C2-alkyl-linker chain. Since DPPE is known to bind to many metal centers in a bidentate fashion to stabilize the corresponding metal complex via the chelation effect originating from its entropic advantage over monodentate ligands, it is often used in transition-metal-catalyzed transformations. Symmetric DPPE derivatives (Ar12P-CH2-CH2-PAr12) are well-known and readily prepared, but electronically and sterically unsymmetric DPPE (Ar12P-CH2-CH2-PAr22; Ar1≠Ar2) ligands have been less explored, mostly due to the difficulties associated with their preparation. Here we report a synthetic method for both symmetric and unsymmetric DPPEs via radical difunctionalization of ethylene, a fundamental C2 unit, with two phosphine-centered radicals, which is guided by the computational analysis with the artificial force induced reaction (AFIR) method, a quantum chemical calculation-based automated reaction path search tool. The obtained unsymmetric DPPE ligands can coordinate to several transition-metal salts to form the corresponding complexes, one of which exhibits distinctly different characteristics than the corresponding symmetric DPPE-metal complex.
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12
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Liu SN, Liu JB, Huang F, Wang WJ, Wang Q, Yang C, Sun QM, Chen DZ. Origins of Stereospecificity and Divergent Reactivity of Pd-Catalyzed Cross Coupling with α,α-Disubstituted Alkenyl Hydrazones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15608-15617. [PMID: 36321171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article presents an exploration of stereospecificity and divergent reactivity of Pd-catalyzed α,α-disubstituted alkenyl hydrazones to synthesize 1,4-dienes in the Z configuration and vinylcyclopropane. We calculated the energy profiles of four α,α-disubstituted alkenyl hydrazones. The results show that the energy profiles of the whole catalytic cycle are basically the same before the syn-carbopalladation step. Subsequent syn-β-C elimination yields skipping dienes, or direct β-H elimination yields vinylcyclopropane. Current theoretical calculations reveal that the stereospecificity and the divergent reactivity of reactions result from the competition between syn-β-C elimination and β-H elimination. The C-C bond rotation and subsequent syn-β-C elimination step control the stereospecificity of the reaction by changing the olefin stereostructure from E to Z configuration. The steric factor of α-substituted groups mediates the transformation between syn-β-C elimination and β-H elimination. The results are of great significance for the scientific design of substrates to achieve accurate synthesis of target products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Biao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Chong Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Min Sun
- Shandong Kaisheng New Materials Co., Ltd., Zibo 255185, P. R. China
| | - De-Zhan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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13
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Metal-free radical difunctionalization of ethylene. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Li X, Yuan M, Chen F, Huang Z, Qing FL, Gutierrez O, Chu L. Three-component enantioselective alkenylation of organophosphonates via nickel metallaphotoredox catalysis. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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(NHC)Pd(II) hydride-catalyzed dehydroaromatization by olefin chain-walking isomerization and transfer-dehydrogenation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5507. [PMID: 36127352 PMCID: PMC9489721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed homogeneous dehydrogenation and isomerization are common organic molecular activation reactions. Palladium hydrides are good olefin isomerization catalysts but are usually short-lived species under redox-active dehydrogenation conditions. Here, we show that Pd-H in the presence of an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and an alkene regulator enables transfer-dehydroaromatization, avoiding the homo-disproportionation pathway. The desired product is obtained with up to 99:1 selectivity, and the exo-to-endo olefin isomerization can be carried out in one pot. In contrast to previously reported methods that rely on the efficient removal of Pd-H, the approach reported herein benefits from the steric effects of the N-heterocyclic carbene and the choice of alkene to regulate the competing reactivity of allylic C‒H activation and hydropalladation. This method circumvents the challenges associated with tedious olefin separation and a low exo-to-endo olefin isomerization ratio and expands the scope to include challenging endo- and exo-cyclic olefins under mild, neutral, and oxidant-free conditions. Overall, herein, we provide a strategy to synthesize (hetero)aromatic compounds via chemoselective dehydrogenation of cyclic alkenes over ketones and the dehydrogenative Diels-Alder reaction of a cyclic enamine. Aromatic compounds can be prepared via dehydrogenation of cyclic compounds. Here the authors report the dehydroaromatization of endocyclic and exocyclic olefins via chain-walking isomerization and transfer-dehydrogenation catalyzed by palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes in the presence of alkenes as sacrificial reagents.
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16
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Sun X, Lin EZ, Li BJ. Iridium-Catalyzed Branch-Selective and Enantioselective Hydroalkenylation of α-Olefins through C-H Cleavage of Enamides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17351-17358. [PMID: 36121772 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic branch-selective hydrofunctionalization of feedstock α-olefins to form enantioenriched chiral compounds is a particularly attractive yet challenging transformation in asymmetric catalysis. Herein we report an iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydroalkenylation of α-olefins through directed C-H cleavage of enamides. This atom-economical addition process is highly branch-selective and enantioselective, delivering trisubstituted alkenes with an allylic stereocenter. DFT calculations reveal the origin of regio- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - En-Ze Lin
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bi-Jie Li
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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17
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Wang F, Pan S, Zhu S, Chu L. Selective Three-Component Reductive Alkylalkenylation of Unbiased Alkenes via Carbonyl-Directed Nickel Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shiwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shengqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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18
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Huang JQ, Yu M, Yong X, Ho CY. NHC-Ni(II)-catalyzed cyclopropene-isocyanide [5 + 1] benzannulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4145. [PMID: 35842422 PMCID: PMC9288548 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocyanides are common compounds in fine and bulk chemical syntheses. However, the direct addition of isocyanide to simple unactivated cyclopropene via transition metal catalysis is challenging. Most of the current approaches focus on 1,1-insertion of isocyanide to M-R or nucleophilc insertion. That is often complicated by the competitive homo-oligomerization reactivity occurring at room temperature, such as isocyanide 1,1-insertion by Ni(II). Here we show a (N-heterocyclic carbene)Ni(II) catalyst that enables cyclopropene-isocyanide [5 + 1] benzannulation. As shown in the broad substrate scope and a [trans-(N-heterocyclic carbene)Ni(isocyanide)Br2] crystal structure, the desired cross-reactivity is cooperatively controlled by the high reactivity of the cyclopropene, the sterically bulky N-heterocyclic carbene, and the strong coordination ability of the isocyanide. This direct addition strategy offers aromatic amine derivatives and complements the Dötz benzannulation and Semmelhack/Wulff 1,4-hydroquinone synthesis. Several sterically bulky, fused, and multi-substituted anilines and unsymmetric functionalized spiro-ring structures are prepared from those easily accessible starting materials expediently. The direct addition of isocyanides to cyclopropenes is challenging. Here, the authors report a catalytic cyclopropene-isocyanide [5 + 1] benzannulation catalyzed by an (N-heterocyclic carbene)Ni(II) complex; this method enables the preparation of fused and multi-substituted anilines and unsymmetrically functionalized spiro-ring structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Meng Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuefeng Yong
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chun-Yu Ho
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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19
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Chen HC, Wu Y, Yu Y, Wang P. Pd-Catalyzed Isomerization of Alkenes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202109045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Kuai CS, Wang LC, Xu JX, Wu XF. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Dicarbonylation of Amines with Ethylene to Imides. Org Lett 2021; 24:451-456. [PMID: 34931845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective and effective conversion of low-cost and simple bulk chemicals into high value-added products through catalytic strategy has a wide range of practical significance. Here, a palladium-catalyzed method for the direct and efficient dicarbonylation of amines with basic industrial feedstock ethylene to imide has been developed. Moderate to excellent yields of the desired imides can be produced from readily available amines in a straightforward manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Kuai
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Le-Cheng Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian-Xing Xu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., Albert-Einstein-Straβe 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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21
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Biswas S, Parsutkar MM, Jing SM, Pagar VV, Herbort JH, RajanBabu TV. A New Paradigm in Enantioselective Cobalt Catalysis: Cationic Cobalt(I) Catalysts for Heterodimerization, Cycloaddition, and Hydrofunctionalization Reactions of Olefins. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4545-4564. [PMID: 34847327 PMCID: PMC8721816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges facing organic synthesis in the 21st century is the utilization of abundantly available feedstock chemicals for fine chemical synthesis. Regio- and enantioselective union of easily accessible 1,3-dienes and other feedstocks like ethylene, alkyl acrylates, and aldehydes can provide valuable building blocks adorned with latent functionalities for further synthetic elaboration. Through an approach that relies on mechanistic insights and systematic examination of ligand and counterion effects, we developed an efficient cobalt-based catalytic system [(P∼P)CoX2/Me3Al] (P∼P = bisphosphine) to effect the first enantioselective heterodimerization of several types of 1,3-dienes with ethylene. In addition to simple cyclic and acyclic dienes, siloxy-1,3-dienes participate in this reaction, giving highly functionalized, nearly enantiopure silyl enolates, which can be used for subsequent C-C and C-X bond-forming reactions. As our understanding of the mechanism of this reaction improved, our attention was drawn to more challenging partners like alkyl acrylates (one of the largest volume feedstocks) as the olefin partners instead of ethylene. Prompted by the intrinsic limitations of using aluminum alkyls as the activators for this reaction, we explored the fundamental chemistry of the lesser known (P∼P)Co(I)X species and discovered that in the presence of halide sequestering agents, such as sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaBARF) or (C6F5)3B, certain chiral bisphosphine complexes are superb catalysts for regio- and enantioselective heterodimerization of 1,3-dienes and alkyl acrylates. We have since found that these cationic Co(I) catalysts, most conveniently prepared in situ by reduction of the corresponding cobalt(II) halide complexes by zinc in the presence of NaBARF, promote enantioselective [2 + 2]-cycloaddition between alkynes and an astonishing variety of alkenyl derivatives to give highly functionalized cyclobutenes. In reactions between 1,3-enynes and ethylene, the [2 + 2]-cycloaddition between the alkyne and ethylene is followed by a 1,4-addition of ethylene in a tandem fashion to give nearly enantiopure cyclobutanes with an all-carbon quaternary center, giving a set of molecules that maps well into many medicinally relevant compounds. In another application, we find that the cationic Co(I)-catalysts promote highly selective hydroacylation and 1,2-hydroboration of prochiral 1,3-dienes. Further, we find that a cationic Co(I)-catalyst promotes cycloisomerization followed by hydroalkenylation of 1,6-enynes to produce highly functionalized carbo- and heterocyclic compounds. Surprisingly the regioselectivity of the alkene addition depends on whether it is a simple alkene or an acrylate, and the acrylate addition produces an uncommon Z-adduct. This Account will provide a summary of the enabling basic discoveries and the attendant developments that led to the unique cationic Co(I)-complexes as catalysts for disparate C-C and C-B bond-forming reactions. It is our hope that this Account will stimulate further work with these highly versatile catalysts which are derived from an earth-abundant metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvagya Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mahesh M Parsutkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Stanley M Jing
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Vinayak V Pagar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - James H Herbort
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - T V RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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22
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Takano H, You Y, Hayashi H, Harabuchi Y, Maeda S, Mita T. Radical Difunctionalization of Gaseous Ethylene Guided by Quantum Chemical Calculations: Selective Incorporation of Two Molecules of Ethylene. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33846-33854. [PMID: 34926931 PMCID: PMC8675046 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene, of which about 170 million tons are produced annually worldwide, is a fundamental C2 feedstock that is widely used on an industrial scale for the synthesis of polyethylenes and polyvinylchlorides. Compared to other alkenes, however, the direct use of ethylene for the synthesis of fine chemicals such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals is limited, probably due to its small and gaseous character. We, herein, report a new radical difunctionalization strategy of ethylene, aided by quantum chemical calculations. Computationally proposed imidyl and sulfonyl radicals can be introduced into ethylene in the presence of an Ir photocatalyst under irradiation with blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (λmax = 440 nm). The present reaction systems led to the selective incorporation of two molecules of ethylene into the substrate, which could be rationally explained by computational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Takano
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST,
ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and
Discovery Project, Kita
10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yong You
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST,
ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and
Discovery Project, Kita
10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST,
ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and
Discovery Project, Kita
10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST,
ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and
Discovery Project, Kita
10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST,
ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and
Discovery Project, Kita
10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Research
and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mita
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST,
ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and
Discovery Project, Kita
10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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23
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Xia Y, Wade NW, Palermo PN, Wang Y, Wang YM. Contrasteric coupling of allenes and tetrahydroisoquinolines by iron-catalysed allenic C(sp 2)-H functionalisation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13329-13332. [PMID: 34816837 PMCID: PMC8665127 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05949a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An iron-catalysed C-H functionalisation of simple monosubstituted allenes for the synthesis of 1-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl 1,1-disubstituted allenes is reported. This transformation represents the first example of a direct conversion of allenic C-H bonds to C-C bonds through cross dehydrogenative coupling. The optimized protocol features broad scope and employs mild, functional group tolerant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
| | - Nicholas W Wade
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
| | - Philip N Palermo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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24
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Farmer ME, Ehehalt LE, Pabst TP, Tudge MT, Chirik PJ. Well-Defined Cationic Cobalt(I) Precatalyst for Olefin-Alkyne [2 + 2] Cycloaddition and Olefin-Diene Hydrovinylation Reactions: Experimental Evidence for Metallacycle Intermediates. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus E. Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicinal Chemistry, 1250 South Collegeville Road, P.O. Box 5089, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Lauren E. Ehehalt
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tyler P. Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Matthew T. Tudge
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicinal Chemistry, 1250 South Collegeville Road, P.O. Box 5089, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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25
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Feng WM, Li TY, Xiao LJ, Zhou QL. Nickel-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroalkenylation of Imines. Org Lett 2021; 23:7900-7904. [PMID: 34559538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A ligand-enabled nickel-catalyzed intramolecular hydroalkenylation of imines with unactivated alkenes has been developed. A variety of five- and six-membered cyclic allylic amines were synthesized in high yields. The use of both wide-bite-angle diphosphine ligand and Brønsted acid is crucial for realizing the reaction. Preliminary investigation of the asymmetric intramolecular hydroalkenylation of imines shows promising potential for the application of the method in the synthesis of enantio-enriched cyclic allylic amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tian-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li-Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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26
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Sun X, Bai XY, Li AZ, Li BJ. Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroalkenylation of Norbornene Derivatives. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Bai
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - An-Zhen Li
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bi-Jie Li
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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27
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Synthesis of a Ni Complex Chelated by a [2.2]Paracyclophane-Functionalized Diimine Ligand and Its Catalytic Activity for Olefin Oligomerization. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092719. [PMID: 34063154 PMCID: PMC8124533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A diimine ligand having two [2.2]paracyclophanyl substituents at the N atoms (L1) was prepared from the reaction of amino[2.2]paracyclophane with acenaphtenequinone. The ligand reacts with NiBr2(dme) (dme: 1,2-dimethoxyethane) to form the dibromonickel complex with (R,R) and (S,S) configuration, NiBr2(L1). The structure of the complex was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. NiBr2(L1) catalyzes oligomerization of ethylene in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) co-catalyst at 10–50 °C to form a mixture of 1- and 2-butenes after 3 h. The reactions for 6 h and 8 h at 25 °C causes further increase of 2-butene formed via isomerization of 1-butene and formation of hexenes. Reaction of 1-hexene catalyzed by NiBr2(L1)–MAO produces 2-hexene via isomerization and C12 and C18 hydrocarbons via oligomerization. Consumption of 1-hexene of the reaction obeys first-order kinetics. The kinetic parameters were obtained to be ΔG‡ = 93.6 kJ mol−1, ΔH‡ = 63.0 kJ mol−1, and ΔS‡ = −112 J mol−1deg−1. NiBr2(L1) catalyzes co-dimerization of ethylene and 1-hexene to form C8 hydrocarbons with higher rate and selectivity than the tetramerization of ethylene.
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28
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Schuppe AW, Knippel JL, Borrajo-Calleja GM, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective Hydroalkenylation of Olefins with Enol Sulfonates Enabled by Dual Copper Hydride and Palladium Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5330-5335. [PMID: 33784090 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of α-chiral olefins represents a valuable strategy for rapid generation of structural diversity in divergent syntheses of complex targets. Herein, we report a protocol for the dual CuH- and Pd-catalyzed asymmetric Markovnikov hydroalkenylation of vinyl arenes and the anti-Markovnikov hydroalkenylation of unactivated olefins, in which readily available enol triflates can be utilized as alkenyl coupling partners. This method allowed for the synthesis of diverse α-chiral olefins, including tri- and tetrasubstituted olefin products, which are challenging to prepare by existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Schuppe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James Levi Knippel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gustavo M Borrajo-Calleja
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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29
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Pang X, Zhao ZZ, Wei XX, Qi L, Xu GL, Duan J, Liu XY, Shu XZ. Regiocontrolled Reductive Vinylation of Aliphatic 1,3-Dienes with Vinyl Triflates by Nickel Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4536-4542. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liangliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guang-Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jicheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
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30
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Zhang Z, Zhang JX, Sheong FK, Lin Z. 1,4-Selective Hydrovinylation of Diene Catalyzed by an Iron Diimine Catalyst: A Computational Case Study on Two-State Reactivity. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fu Kit Sheong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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31
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Benda MC, France S. Chiral disulfonimides: a versatile template for asymmetric catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7485-7513. [PMID: 32940322 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01742f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the emergence of pseudo-C2-symmetric chiral phosphoric acids (CPA), much work has been done to utilize these systems in stereoselective, organocatalytic processes. Despite the success in this field, reasonably basic substrates such as imines are often required to achieve appreciable activation. In order to access a wider variety of potential reaction partners, many related organocatalysts with enhanced Brønsted acidity have since been developed. Chiral disulfonimides (DSIs) have materialized as one such powerful class of organocatalysts and have been shown to expand the list of potential substrates to include aldehydes and ketones via Brønsted, Lewis, or bifunctional acid activation. This versatility renders DSIs amenable to an impressive scope of reaction types, typically with remarkable stereoselectivity induced by asymmetric counteranion-directed catalysis (ACDC). This review serves to provide a complete analysis of the successful applications, mechanistic insights, and unmet challenges exhibited to date in DSI-catalyzed and -assisted processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan C Benda
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
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32
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Ferrer M, Gallen A, Gutiérrez A, Martínez M, Ruiz E, Lorenz Y, Engeser M. Self‐Assembled, Highly Positively Charged, Allyl–Pd Crowns: Cavity‐Pocket‐Driven Interactions of Fluoroanions. Chemistry 2020; 26:7847-7860. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Ferrer
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaSecció de Química InorgànicaUniversitat de Barcelona c/ Martí i Franquès 1-1 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Albert Gallen
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaSecció de Química InorgànicaUniversitat de Barcelona c/ Martí i Franquès 1-1 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Albert Gutiérrez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaSecció de Química InorgànicaUniversitat de Barcelona c/ Martí i Franquès 1-1 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaSecció de Química InorgànicaUniversitat de Barcelona c/ Martí i Franquès 1-1 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaSecció de Química InorgànicaUniversitat de Barcelona c/ Martí i Franquès 1-1 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i ComputacionalUniversitat de Barcelona c/ Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Yvonne Lorenz
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Marianne Engeser
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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33
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Chen Y, Dang L, Ho CY. NHC-Ni catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of 1,4-dienes by cross-hydroalkenylation of cyclic 1,3-dienes and heterosubstituted terminal olefins. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2269. [PMID: 32385240 PMCID: PMC7210895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enantioenriched 1,4-dienes are versatile building blocks in asymmetric synthesis, therefore their efficient synthesis directly from chemical feedstock is highly sought after. Here, we show an enantioselective cross-hydroalkenylation of cyclic 1,3-diene and hetero-substituted terminal olefin by using a chiral [NHC-Ni(allyl)]BArF catalyst. Using a structurally flexible chiral C2 NHC-Ni design is key to access a broad scope of chiral 1,4-diene 3 or 3′ with high enantioselectivity. This study also offers insights on how to regulate chiral C2 NHC-Ni(II) 1,3-allylic shift on cyclic diene 1 and to build sterically more hindered endocyclic chiral allylic structures on demand. Chiral 1,4-dienes are versatile building blocks in asymmetric synthesis, therefore their production is highly sought after. Here, the authors report an efficient enantioselective cross-hydroalkenylation of cyclic 1,3-dienes and terminal olefins affording chiral 1,4-dienes by using a chiral NHC-Ni(allyl)]BArF catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liang Dang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Chun-Yu Ho
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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34
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Huang JQ, Ho CY. NHC/Nickel(II)-Catalyzed [3+2] Cross-Dimerization of Unactivated Olefins and Methylenecyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5288-5292. [PMID: 31943646 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cross-dimerization of a methylenecyclopropane (1) and an unactivated alkene (2) with typical hydroalkenylation reactivity was observed for the first time by using a [NHC-Ni(allyl)]BArF catalyst (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene). Results show that the C-C cleavage of 1 did not involve a Ni0 oxidative addition, which was crucial in former systems. Thus the method reported here emerges as a complementary method for attaining highly chemo- and regioselective synthesis of methylenecyclopentanes (3) with broad scope. An efficient NHC/NiII -catalyzed rearrangement of 1 leads to the convergent synthesis of 3 in the presence of 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Huang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), China.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Chun-Yu Ho
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), China
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35
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Huang J, Ho C. NHC/Nickel(II)‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cross‐Dimerization of Unactivated Olefins and Methylenecyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Qiang Huang
- Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteDepartment of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University China
| | - Chun‐Yu Ho
- Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteDepartment of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) China
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36
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Xu Z, Tang Y, Shen C, Zhang H, Gan Y, Ji X, Tian X, Dong K. Nickel-catalyzed regio- and diastereoselective hydroarylative and hydroalkenylative cyclization of 1,6-dienes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7741-7744. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09450d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
By using methanol as the hydrogen source and commercially available nickel complex as the catalyst, the hydroarylative and hydroalkenylative cyclization of unsymmetrically substituted 1,6-dienes with organoboronic acid was developed to afford products with high regio- and diastereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshuai Xu
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
| | - Yitian Tang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
| | - Chaoren Shen
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
| | - Hongru Zhang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
| | - Yuxin Gan
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
| | - Xiaolei Ji
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
| | - Xinxin Tian
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Kaiwu Dong
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
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37
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Sk MR, Maji MS. Cobalt(iii)-catalyzed ketone-directed C–H vinylation using vinyl acetate. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01164a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Weakly coordinating, ketone-directed C–H vinylation using vinyl acetate is reported here for a wide range of aromatic ketones such as acetophenones, diaryl ketones, chromones and chalcones under cost-effective and air-stable cobalt(iii)-catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Raja Sk
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
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38
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Li G, Huo X, Jiang X, Zhang W. Asymmetric synthesis of allylic compounds via hydrofunctionalisation and difunctionalisation of dienes, allenes, and alkynes. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2060-2118. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review article provides an overview of progress in asymmetric synthesis of allylic compounds via hydrofunctionalisation and difunctionalisation of dienes, allenes, and alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Xiaohong Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Xieyang Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
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39
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Ferri N, Algethami N, Vezzoli A, Sangtarash S, McLaughlin M, Sadeghi H, Lambert CJ, Nichols RJ, Higgins SJ. Hemilabile Ligands as Mechanosensitive Electrode Contacts for Molecular Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16583-16589. [PMID: 31364249 PMCID: PMC6899542 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule junctions that are sensitive to compression or elongation are an emerging class of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). Although the molecule-electrode interface can be engineered to impart such functionality, most studies to date rely on poorly defined interactions. We focused on this issue by synthesizing molecular wires designed to have chemically defined hemilabile contacts based on (methylthio)thiophene moieties. We measured their conductance as a function of junction size and observed conductance changes of up to two orders of magnitude as junctions were compressed and stretched. Localised interactions between weakly coordinating thienyl sulfurs and the electrodes are responsible for the observed effect and allow reversible monodentate⇄bidentate contact transitions as the junction is modulated in size. We observed an up to ≈100-fold sensitivity boost of the (methylthio)thiophene-terminated molecular wire compared with its non-hemilabile (methylthio)benzene counterpart and demonstrate a previously unexplored application of hemilabile ligands to molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Ferri
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | | | - Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Department of PhysicsLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Maeve McLaughlin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Department of PhysicsLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | | | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
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40
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Cheng L, Li MM, Wang B, Xiao LJ, Xie JH, Zhou QL. Nickel-catalyzed hydroalkylation and hydroalkenylation of 1,3-dienes with hydrazones. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10417-10421. [PMID: 32110333 PMCID: PMC6988744 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04177j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization of 1,3-dienes is a useful and atom-economical method for constructing allylic compounds. Although substantial progress on hydroalkylation of dienes with stabilized carbon nucleophiles has been made, hydroalkylation of dienes with unstabilized carbon nucleophiles has remained a challenge. In this article, we report a protocol for nickel-catalyzed hydroalkylation of dienes with hydrazones, which serve as equivalents of alkyl carbon nucleophiles. In addition, we developed a protocol for hydroalkenylation of dienes with α,β-unsaturated hydrazones, providing a new method for the synthesis of 1,4-dienes. These hydroalkylation and hydroalkenylation reactions feature mild conditions and a wide substrate scope, and the utility of the reaction products is demonstrated by the preparation of an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Ming-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Li-Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Jian-Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Qi-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
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41
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Ferri N, Algethami N, Vezzoli A, Sangtarash S, McLaughlin M, Sadeghi H, Lambert CJ, Nichols RJ, Higgins SJ. Hemilabile Ligands as Mechanosensitive Electrode Contacts for Molecular Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Ferri
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Norah Algethami
- Department of PhysicsLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Department of PhysicsLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Maeve McLaughlin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Department of PhysicsLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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42
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Huang J, Ho C. [(NHC)Ni
II
H]‐Catalyzed Cross‐Hydroalkenylation of Cyclopropenes with Alkynes: Cyclopentadiene Synthesis by [(NHC)Ni
II
]‐Assisted C−C Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5702-5706. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Qiang Huang
- Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteDepartment of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University China
| | - Chun‐Yu Ho
- Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteDepartment of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) China
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43
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Huang J, Ho C. [(NHC)Ni
II
H]‐Catalyzed Cross‐Hydroalkenylation of Cyclopropenes with Alkynes: Cyclopentadiene Synthesis by [(NHC)Ni
II
]‐Assisted C−C Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Qiang Huang
- Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteDepartment of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University China
| | - Chun‐Yu Ho
- Shenzhen Grubbs InstituteDepartment of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) China
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44
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Chen YG, Shuai B, Xu XT, Li YQ, Yang QL, Qiu H, Zhang K, Fang P, Mei TS. Nickel-catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroarylation and Hydroalkenylation of Styrenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3395-3399. [PMID: 30741543 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a Ni-catalyzed enantioselective hydroarylation of styrenes with arylboronic acids using MeOH as the hydrogen source, providing an efficient method to access 1,1-diarylalkanes, which are essential structural units in many biologically active compounds. In addition, Ni-catalyzed enantioselective hydrovinylation of styrenes with vinylboronic acids is also realized with good yields and enantioselectivities. The synthetic utility was demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of ( R)-(-)-ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Bin Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xue-Tao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences , Wuyi University , Jiangmen 529020 , China
| | - Yi-Qian Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences , Wuyi University , Jiangmen 529020 , China
| | - Qi-Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Hui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences , Wuyi University , Jiangmen 529020 , China
| | - Ping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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46
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Selmani A, Darses S. Access to chiral cyano-containing five-membered rings through enantioconvergent rhodium-catalyzed cascade cyclization of a diastereoisomeric E/Z mixture of 1,6-enynes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01264h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the intermolecular rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition of organometallic reagents to activated alkenes, the asymmetric arylative cyclization of a diastereoisomeric E/Z mixture of 1,6-enynes afforded only one major enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymane Selmani
- CNRS
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS)
- PSL Université Paris
- Chimie ParisTech
- Paris
| | - Sylvain Darses
- CNRS
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS)
- PSL Université Paris
- Chimie ParisTech
- Paris
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47
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Ai W, Zhong R, Liu X, Liu Q. Hydride Transfer Reactions Catalyzed by Cobalt Complexes. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2876-2953. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Ai
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xufang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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48
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Liu X, Feng X. Duale Nickel‐ und Brønsted‐Säure‐Katalyse für Hydroalkenylierungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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49
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Tanaka Y, Kubosaki S, Osaka K, Yamawaki M, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. Two Types of Cross-Coupling Reactions between Electron-Rich and Electron-Deficient Alkenes Assisted by Nucleophilic Addition Using an Organic Photoredox Catalyst. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13625-13635. [PMID: 30176147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two types of photoreactions between electronically differentiated donor and acceptor alkenes assisted by nucleophilic addition using an organic photoredox catalyst efficiently afforded 1:1 or 2:1 cross-coupling adducts. A variety of alkenes and alcohols were employed in the photoreaction. Control of the reaction pathway (i.e., the formation of the 1:1 or 2:1 adduct) was achieved by varying the concentration of the alcohol used. Detailed mechanistic studies suggested that the organic photoredox catalyst acts as an effective electron mediator to promote the formation of the cross-coupling adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Suzuka Kubosaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Osaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Mugen Yamawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Toshio Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yoshimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
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Liu X, Feng X. Dual Nickel and Brønsted Acid Catalysis for Hydroalkenylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16604-16605. [PMID: 30431212 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A highly regioselective hydroalkenylation of imines or aldehydes with styrene derivatives was realized by dual catalysis with Ni(cod)2 /PCy3 and either TsNH2 or PhB(OH)2 . This process provides an atom-, step-, and redox-economic pathway towards synthetically useful allylic amines and alcohols, and opens up a new avenue for the design of more versatile coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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