1
|
Satheesh V, Deng Y. Recent Advances in Synthetic Methods by Photocatalytic Single-Electron Transfer Chemistry of Pyridine N-Oxides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11864-11874. [PMID: 39121338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
By adoption of the enabling technology of modern photoredox catalysis and photochemistry, the generation of reactive and versatile pyridine N-oxy radicals can be facilely achieved from single-electron oxidation of pyridine N-oxides. This Synopsis highlights recent methodologies mediated by pyridine N-oxy radicals in developing (1) pyridine N-oxide-based hydrogen atom transfer catalysts for C(sp3)-H functionalizations and (2) β-oxyvinyl radical-mediated cascade reactions. In addition, recent research revealed that direct photoexcitation of pyridine N-oxides allowed for the generation of alkyl carbon radicals from alkylboronic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanaparthi Satheesh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Yongming Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rai PK, Kumar A, Kumar P. HO 2˙ as a potential reactant for the bimolecular reaction of tert-butoxy radicals in the atmosphere. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:22395-22402. [PMID: 39140153 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02800g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Alkoxy radicals are key intermediates in the atmospheric degradation of volatile organic compounds. For most alkoxy radicals, reaction with O2 is the primary loss mechanism; however, only α-hydrogen-bearing alkoxy radicals undergo a reaction with O2. Interestingly, if one considers an alkoxy radical that does not possess an α-hydrogen, reaction with O2 is unlikely. In the present work, we propose HO2˙ as a potential reactant for such alkoxy radicals. We have considered the tert-butoxy radical (tBuO˙) as a prototype for those alkoxy radicals that do not possess an α-hydrogen. By means of high-level quantum chemical calculations, we have studied the energetics of the tBuO˙ + HO2˙ reaction along with isomerization and decomposition pathways. Finally, we have discussed the possible atmospheric implications of all three paths in the atmosphere using reaction rate calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philips Kumar Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
V Cabral F, Xu Q, Greer A, Lyons AM, Hasan T. Superhydrophobic Dressing for Singlet Oxygen Delivery in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Biofilms. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 39166743 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance poses a critical public health threat worldwide. While antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has demonstrated efficacy against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, its effectiveness can be limited by several factors, including the delivery of the photosensitizer (PS) to the site of interest and the development of bacterial resistance to PS uptake. There is a need for alternative methods, one of which is superhydrophobic antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (SH-aPDT), which we report here. SH-aPDT is a technique that isolates the PS on a superhydrophobic (SH) membrane, generating airborne singlet oxygen (1O2) that can diffuse up to 1 mm away from the membrane. In this study, we developed a SH polydimethylsiloxane dressing coated with PS verteporfin. These dressings contain air channels called a plastron for supplying oxygen for aPDT and are designed so that there is no direct contact of the PS with the tissue. Our investigation focuses on the efficacy of SH-aPDT on biofilms formed by drug-sensitive and MDR strains of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and S. aureus methicillin-resistant) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. aeruginosa carbapenem-resistant). SH-aPDT reduces bacterial biofilms by approximately 3 log with a concomitant decrease in their metabolism as measured by MTT. Additionally, the treatment disrupted extracellular polymeric substances, leading to a decrease in biomass and biofilm thickness. This innovative SH-aPDT approach holds great potential for combating antimicrobial resistance, offering an effective strategy to address the challenges posed by drug-resistant wound infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda V Cabral
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - QianFeng Xu
- SingletO2 Therapeutics LLC, VentureLink, Room 524B, 211 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Alexander Greer
- SingletO2 Therapeutics LLC, VentureLink, Room 524B, 211 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Alan M Lyons
- SingletO2 Therapeutics LLC, VentureLink, Room 524B, 211 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, New York 10314, United States
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Golin Almeida T, Martí C, Kurtén T, Zádor J, Johansen SL. Theoretical analysis of the OH-initiated atmospheric oxidation reactions of imidazole. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39106054 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Imidazoles are present in Earth's atmosphere in both the gas-phase and in aerosol particles, and have been implicated in the formation of brown carbon aerosols. The gas-phase oxidation of imidazole (C3N2H4) by hydroxyl radicals has been shown to be preferentially initiated via OH-addition to position C5, producing the 5-hydroxyimidazolyl radical adduct. However, the fate of this adduct upon reaction with O2 in the atmospheric gas-phase is currently unknown. We employed an automated approach to investigate the reaction mechanism and kinetics of imidazole's OH-initiated gas-phase oxidation, in the presence of O2 and NOx. The explored mechanism included reactions available to first-generation RO2 radicals, as well as alkoxyl radicals produced from RO2 + NO reactions. Product distributions were obtained by assembling and solving a master equation, under conditions relevant to the Earth's atmosphere. Our calculations show a complex, branched reaction mechanism, which nevertheless converges to yield two major closed-shell products: 4H-imidazol-4-ol (4H-4ol) and N,N'-diformylformamidine (FMF). At 298 K and 1 atm, we estimate the yields of 4H-4ol and FMF from imidazole oxidation initiated via OH-addition to position C5 to be 34 : 66, 12 : 85 and 2 : 95 under 10 ppt, 100 ppt and 1 ppb of NO respectively. This work also revealed O2-migration pathways between the α-N-imino peroxyl radical isomers. This reaction channel is fast for the first-generation RO2 radicals, and may be important during the atmospheric oxidation of other unsaturated organic nitrogen compounds as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Golin Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Carles Martí
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore 94550, California, USA.
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Judit Zádor
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore 94550, California, USA.
| | - Sommer L Johansen
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore 94550, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mofidfar M, Mehrgardi MA, Zare RN. Water Microdroplets Surrounded by Alcohol Vapor Cause Spontaneous Oxidation of Alcohols to Organic Peroxides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18498-18503. [PMID: 38935892 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Using real-time mass spectrometric (MS) monitoring, we demonstrate one-step, catalyst-free spontaneous oxidation of various alcohols (ROH) to key reactive intermediates for the formation of ROO- compounds on the surface of water microdroplets surrounded by alcohol vapor, carried out under ambient conditions. These organic peroxides (POs) can act as important secondary organic aerosols (SOA). We used hydrogen-deuterium exchange by spraying D2O instead of H2O to learn about the reaction mechanism, and the results demonstrate the crucial role of the water-air interface in microdroplet chemistry. We find that the formation of POs relies on electron transfer occurring at the microdroplet interface, which generates hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals that lead to a cascade of radical reactions. This electron transfer is believed to be driven by two factors: (1) the emergence of a strong electrostatic potential on the microdroplet's surface; and (2) the partial solvation of ions at the interface. Mass spectra reveal that the formation of POs is dependent on the alcohol structure, with tertiary alcohols showing a higher tendency to form organic peroxides than secondary alcohols, which in turn are more reactive than primary alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mofidfar
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu G, Ma X, Li W, Chen J, Ji Y, An T. Pollution characteristics, source appointment and environmental effect of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: Implication for air quality management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170836. [PMID: 38346658 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Same as other bay areas, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) is also suffering atmospheric composite pollution. Even a series of atmospheric environment management policies have been conducted to win the "blue sky defense battle", the atmospheric secondary pollutants (e.g., O3) originated from oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) still threaten the air quality in GBA. However, there lacks a systematic summary on the emission, formation, pollution and environmental effects of OVOCs in this region for further air quality management. This review focused on the researches related to OVOCs in GBA, including their pollution characteristics, detection methods, source distributions, secondary formations, and impacts on the atmosphere. Pollution profile of OVOCs in GBA revealed that the concentration percentage among total VOCs from Guangzhou and Dongguan cities exceeded 50 %, while methanol, formaldehyde, acetone, and acetaldehyde were the top four highest concentrated OVOCs. The detection technique on regional atmospheric OVOCs (e.g., oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs)) underwent an evolution of off-line derivatization method, on-line spectroscopic method and on-line mass spectrometry method. The OVOCs in GBA were mainly from primary emissions (up to 80 %), including vehicle emissions and biomass combustion. The anthropogenic alkenes and aromatics in urban area, and natural isoprene in rural area also made a significant contribution to the secondary emission (e.g., photochemical formation) of OVOCs. About 20 % in average of ROx radicals was produced from photolysis of formaldehyde in comparison with O3, nitrous acid and rest OVOCs, while the reaction between OVOCs and free radical accelerated the NOx-O3 cycle, contributing to 15 %-60 % cumulative formation of O3 in GBA. Besides, the heterogeneous reactions of dicarbonyls generated 21 %-53 % of SOA. This review also provided suggestions for future research on OVOCs in terms of regional observation, analytical method and mechanistic study to support the development of a control and management strategy on OVOCs in GBA and China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanyong Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyao Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiangyao Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zou Y, Yu F, Liu X, Zu L. CH 3O Substitution Effect Revisited in the Vibrationally Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectra of Methoxycyclohexoxy Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1025-1031. [PMID: 38301214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The oxy-substituted alkoxy radicals have attracted wide attention due to the increasing application of oxygenated volatile organic compounds as fuel additives and solvents. Direct detection of these intermediate radicals is desired for measuring the reaction rate and investigating the oxidation mechanism of organic compounds in the atmosphere. A charge-transfer excited state induced by CH3O substitution was identified in our previous study of 3-methoxy-1-propoxy radical [Xue, J. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2021, 23, 2586]. As the C-C bonds of chain alkoxy radicals can freely rotate, further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of this long-range charge-transfer effect. In this work, vibrational-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of 3- and 4-methoxycyclohexoxy radicals were obtained under jet-cooled conditions. A large red-shift of ∼454 cm-1 of the origin band was observed when the CH3O substituent moved from the δ site to the γ site of the cyclohexoxy radical. The LIF spectra are assigned to 3-cis (e, e) and 4-trans (e, e) conformers, respectively, with the assistance of structural optimization and electron excitation studies conducted at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Natural transition orbital analysis reveals that the intramolecular charge transfer from the C-O-C p orbital to the radical O p orbital in 3-methoxycyclohexoxy has a strong effect on the radical CO σ → O p excitation and hence results in a spectral change. On the other hand, the spectral effect of CH3O substitution almost vanishes at δ carbon. The results propose a through-bond interaction between CH3O and radical CO groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Zou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Fengming Yu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Lily Zu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shiroudi A, Czub J, Altarawneh M. Chemical Investigation on the Mechanism and Kinetics of the Atmospheric Degradation Reaction of Trichlorofluoroethene by OH⋅ and Its Subsequent Fate in the Presence of O 2 /NOx. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300665. [PMID: 37983906 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory was used to examine the degradation of Trichlorofluoroethene (TCFE) initiated by OH⋅ radicals. Additionally, the coupled-cluster single-double with triple perturbative [CCSD(T)] method was employed to refine the single-point energies using the complete basis set extrapolation approach. The results indicated that OH-addition is the dominant pathway. OH⋅ adds to both the C1 and C2 carbons, resulting in the formation of the C(OH)Cl2 -⋅CClF and ⋅CCl2 -C(OH)ClF species. The associated barrier heights were determined to be 1.11 and -0.99 kcal mol-1 , respectively. Furthermore, the energetic and thermodynamic parameters show that pathway 1 exhibits greater exothermicity and exergonicity compared to pathway 2, with differences of 8.11 and 8.21 kcal mol-1 , correspondingly. The primary pathway involves OH addition to the C2 position, with a rate constant of 6.2×10-13 cm3 molecule-1 sec-1 at 298 K. This analysis served to estimate the atmospheric lifetime, along with the photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) and ozone depletion potential (ODP). It yielded an atmospheric lifetime of 8.49 days, an ODP of 4.8×10-4 , and a POCP value of 2.99, respectively. Radiative forcing efficiencies were also estimated at the M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level. Global warming potentials (GWPs) were calculated for 20, 100, and 500 years, resulting in values of 9.61, 2.61, and 0.74, respectively. TCFE is not expected to make a significant contribution to the radiative forcing of climate change. The results obtained from the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) indicated that TCFE and its energized adducts are unable to photolysis under sunlight in the UV and visible spectrum. Secondary reactions involve the [TCFE-OH-O2 ]⋅ peroxy radical, leading subsequently to the [TCFE-OH-O]⋅ alkoxy radical. It was found that the alkoxy radical resulting from the peroxy radical can lead to the formation of phosgene (COCl2 ) and carbonyl chloride fluoride (CClFO), with phosgene being the primary product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Shiroudi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
- BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
- BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Mohammednoor Altarawneh
- United Arab Emirates University, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Street, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Y, Pickard FC, Sluggett GW, Mustakis IG. Robust fragment-based method of calculating hydrogen atom transfer activation barrier in complex molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1869-1880. [PMID: 38175161 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic processes driven by non-covalent interactions (NCI), such as conformational exchange, molecular binding, and solvation, can strongly influence the rate constants of reactions with low activation barriers, especially at low temperatures. Examples of this may include hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) reactions involved in the oxidative stress of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Here, we develop an automated workflow to generate HAT transition-state (TS) geometries for complex and flexible APIs and then systematically evaluate the influences of NCI on the free activation energies, based on the multi-conformational transition-state theory (MC-TST) within the framework of a multi-step reaction path. The two APIs studied: fesoterodine and imipramine, display considerable conformational complexity and have multiple ways of forming hydrogen bonds with the abstracting radical-a hydroxymethyl peroxyl radical. Our results underscore the significance of considering conformational exchange and multiple activation pathways in activation calculations. We also show that structural elements and NCIs outside the reaction site minimally influence TS core geometry and covalent activation barrier, although they more strongly affect reactant binding and consequently the overall activation barrier. We further propose a robust and economical fragment-based method to obtain overall activation barriers, by combining the covalent activation barrier calculated for a small molecular fragment with the binding free energy calculated for the whole molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Liu
- Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Frank C Pickard
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Research & Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gregory W Sluggett
- Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Iasson G Mustakis
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Research & Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang B, Singh J, Deng Y. Photoredox-Catalyzed Divergent Radical Cascade Annulations of 1,6-Enynes via Pyridine N-Oxide-Promoted Vinyl Radical Generation. Org Lett 2023; 25:9219-9224. [PMID: 38112553 PMCID: PMC10842598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The divergent organophotoredox-catalyzed radical cascade annulation reactions of 1,6-enynes were developed. A series of cyclopropane-fused hetero- and carbo-bicyclic, tricyclic, and spiro-tetracyclic compounds were facilely synthesized from a broad scope of 1,6-enynes and 2,6-lutidine N-oxide under mild and metal-free conditions with blue light-emitting diode light irradiation. The cascade annulation reaction occurs with the intermediacy of a β-oxyvinyl radical, which is produced from photocatalytically generated pyridine N-oxy radical addition to the carbon-carbon triple bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ban Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jujhar Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Yongming Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yu H, Møller KH, Buenconsejo RS, Crounse JD, Kjaergaard HG, Wennberg PO. Atmospheric Photo-Oxidation of 2-Ethoxyethanol: Autoxidation Chemistry of Glycol Ethers. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9564-9579. [PMID: 37934888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the gas-phase photo-oxidation of 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EE) initiated by the OH radical with a focus on its autoxidation pathways. Gas-phase autoxidation─intramolecular H-shifts followed by O2 addition─has recently been recognized as a major atmospheric chemical pathway that leads to the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), which are important precursors for secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Here, we examine the gas-phase oxidation pathways of 2-EE, a model compound for glycol ethers, an important class of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) used in volatile chemical products (VCPs). Both experimental and computational techniques are applied to analyze the photochemistry of the compound. We identify oxidation products from both bimolecular and autoxidation reactions from chamber experiments at varied HO2 levels and provide estimations of rate coefficients and product branching ratios for key reaction pathways. The H-shift processes of 2-EE peroxy radicals (RO2) are found to be sufficiently fast to compete with bimolecular reactions under modest NO/HO2 conditions. More than 30% of the produced RO2 are expected to undergo at least one H-shift for conditions typical of modern summer urban atmosphere, where RO2 bimolecular lifetime is becoming >10 s, which implies the potential for glycol ether oxidation to produce considerable amounts of HOMs at reduced NOx levels and elevated temperature. Understanding the gas-phase autoxidation of glycol ethers can help fill the knowledge gap in the formation of SOA derived from oxygenated VOCs emitted from VCP sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Yu
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kristian H Møller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Reina S Buenconsejo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John D Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Henrik G Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Paul O Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wen M, Medel R, Deng G, Tsegaw YA, Lu Y, Riedel S. Infrared Spectroscopic and Theoretical Investigations of Group 13 Oxyfluorides OMF 2 and OMF (M=B, Al, Ga, In). Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301676. [PMID: 37340710 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Group 13 oxyfluorides OMF2 were produced by the reactions of laser-ablated group 13 atoms M (M=B, Al, Ga and In) with OF2 and isolated in excess neon or argon matrices at 5 K. These molecules were characterized by matrix-isolation infrared spectroscopy and isotopic substitution experiments in conjunction with quantum-chemical calculations. The calculations indicate that the OMF2 molecules have a 2 B2 ground state with C2v symmetry. The computed molecular orbitals and spin densities show that the unpaired electron is mainly located at the terminal oxygen atom. Oxo monofluorides OMF were only observed in solid argon matrices and exhibit a linear structure in the singlet ground state. The M-O bonding in the OMF molecules can be rationalized as highly polar multiple bonds based on the calculated bond lengths and natural resonance theory (NRT) analyses. In particular, the molecular orbitals of OBF exhibit the character of a triple bond B-O resulting from two degenerate electron-sharing π bonds and an O→B dative σ bond formed by the oxygen 2p lone pair which donates electron density to the boron empty 2p orbital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Medel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guohai Deng
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yetsedaw A Tsegaw
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yan Lu
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tayum N, Murugan A, Deka RC, Gour NK, Mishra BK. The molecular level study of the fate of the CH 3CH 2C(O)OCH(O)CH 3 radical derived from ethyl propionate. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2023.2189975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
|
14
|
Xu J, Deng H, Wang Y, Li P, Zeng J, Pang H, Xu X, Li X, Yang Y, Gligorovski S. Heterogeneous chemistry of ozone with floor cleaning agent: Implications of secondary VOCs in the indoor environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160867. [PMID: 36521626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human daily activities such as cooking, and cleaning can affect the indoor air quality by releasing primary emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as well as by the secondary product compounds formed through reactions with ozone (O3) and hydroxyl radicals (OH). However, our knowledge about the formation processes of the secondary VOCs is still incomplete. We performed real-time measurements of primary VOCs released by commercial floor-cleaning detergent and the secondary product compounds formed by heterogeneous reaction of O3 with the constituents of the cleaning agent by use of high-resolution mass spectrometry. We measured the uptake coefficients of O3 on the cleaning detergent at different relative humidities in dark and under different light intensities (320 nm < λ < 400 nm) relevant for the indoor environment. On the basis of the detected compounds we developed tentative reaction mechanisms describing the formation of the secondary VOCs. Intriguingly, under light irradiation the formation of valeraldehyde was observed based on the photosensitized chemistry of acetophenone which is a constituent of the cleaning agent. Finally, we modeled the observed mixing ratios of three aldehydes, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 4-oxopentanal with respect to real-life indoor environment. The results suggest that secondary VOCs initiated by ozone chemistry can additionally impact the indoor air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huifan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric, Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric, Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang 515200, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Sasho Gligorovski
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Manonmani G, Sandhiya L, Senthilkumar K. A Computational Perspective on the Chemical Reaction of HFO-1234zc with the OH Radical in the Gas Phase and in the Presence of Mineral Dust. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9564-9576. [PMID: 36534504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gas phase and heterogeneous reaction on mineral dust aerosols of trace gases could significantly affect the tropospheric oxidation capacity and aerosol composition of the atmosphere. In this work, the OH radical-initiated oxidation of a hydrofluoroolefin, HFO-1234zc, and subsequent reaction of favorable intermediates with other reactive species, such as O2, HO2, and NOx (x = 1-2) radicals, were studied, and the role of mineral dust in the form of silicate clusters on the reaction mechanism and rate constant was studied. In the gas phase, OH radical addition to HFO-1234zc is kinetically more favorable than the H-atom abstraction reaction. The calculated reaction energy barrier and thermochemical parameters show that both the initial reactions are more feasible on silicate clusters. Thus, silicates can act as chemical sinks for trapping of hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs). It is found that both gas-phase and heterogeneous reactions are responsible for the transformation of HFOs into fluorinated compounds in the atmosphere. Further, the results show that the ozone creation potential of HFO-1234zc is low, and few of the products are harmful to aquatic organisms. This study provides new insights on the formation of toxic pollutants from the oxidation of HFO-1234zc, which may have significant implications in the troposphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Manonmani
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore641 046, India
| | - L Sandhiya
- CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi110012, India
| | - K Senthilkumar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore641 046, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu X, Pang H, Liu C, Wang K, Loisel G, Li L, Gligorovski S, Li X. Real-time measurements of product compounds formed through the reaction of ozone with breath exhaled VOCs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:2237-2248. [PMID: 36472140 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00339b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human presence can affect indoor air quality because of secondary organic compounds formed upon reactions between gaseous oxidant species, e.g., ozone (O3), hydroxyl radicals (OH), and chemical compounds from skin, exhaled breath, hair and clothes. We assess the gas-phase product compounds generated by reactions of gaseous O3 with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from exhaled human breath by real time analysis using a high-resolution quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer (HRMS) coupled to a secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) source. Based on the product compounds identified we propose a reaction mechanism initiated by O3 oxidation of the most common breath constituents, isoprene, α-terpinene and ammonia (NH3). The reaction of O3 with isoprene and α-terpinene generates ketones and aldehydes such as 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone, methyl vinyl ketone, 3-carbonyl butyraldehyde, formaldehyde and toxic compounds such as 3-methyl furan. Formation of compounds with reduced nitrogen containing functional groups such as amines, imines and imides is highly plausible through NH3 initiated cleavage of the C-O bond. The detected gas-phase product compounds suggest that human breath can additionally affect indoor air quality through the formation of harmful secondary products and future epidemiological studies should evaluate the potential health effects of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hongwei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Kangyi Wang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Gwendal Loisel
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Sasho Gligorovski
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu Y, Wu S, Cui Z, Dai W, Fan Y, Wu W, Chen P, Pan D. Photolysis of CH3I under UV irradiation: effects of solvents, pH, and concentration. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
18
|
Berndt T. Peroxy Radical and Product Formation in the Gas-Phase Ozonolysis of α-Pinene under Near-Atmospheric Conditions: Occurrence of an Additional Series of Peroxy Radicals O,O-C 10H 15O(O 2) yO 2 with y = 1-3. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6526-6537. [PMID: 36074727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ozonolysis of α-pinene, C10H16, and other monoterpenes is considered to be one of the important chemical process in the atmosphere leading to condensable vapors, which are relevant to aerosol formation and, finally, for Earth's radiation budget. The formation of peroxy (RO2) radicals, O,O-C10H15(O2)xO2 with x = 0-3, and closed-shell products has been probed from the ozonolysis of α-pinene for close to atmospheric reaction conditions. (The "O,O" in the chemical formulas indicates the two carbonyl groups formed in the ozonolysis.) An additional series of RO2 radicals, O,O-C10H15O(O2)yO2 with y = 1-3, emerged in the presence of NO additions of (1.7-50) × 109 molecules cm-3, whose formation can be explained via different processes starting from alkoxy (RO) radicals, such as the RO-driven autoxidation. The main closed-shell product is a substance with the composition C10H16O3, probably pinonic acid, obtained with a molar yield (lower limit) of 0.26+0.27-0.14 independent of NO. Total molar product yields accounted for up to 0.71+0.72-0.38 indicating reasonable detection sensitivity of the analytical technique applied. For the isomeric O,O-C10H15O2 radicals, an average rate coefficient k(RO2 + NO) = (1.5 ± 0.3) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 295 ± 2 K was determined. Product analysis showed a lowering in the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) by a factor of ∼2.2 when adding 5 × 1010 molecules cm-3 of NO. The comparison with former results revealed that total HOM suppression by NO in the α-pinene ozonolysis is slightly stronger than in the OH + α-pinene reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Berndt
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao Q, Møller KH, Chen J, Kjaergaard HG. Cost-Effective Implementation of Multiconformer Transition State Theory for Alkoxy Radical Unimolecular Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6483-6494. [PMID: 36053271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alkoxy radicals are important intermediates in the gas-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) determining the nature of the first-generation products. An accurate description of their chemistry under atmospheric conditions is essential for understanding the atmospheric oxidation of VOCs. Unfortunately, experimental measurements of the rate coefficients of unimolecular alkoxy radical reactions are scarce, especially for larger systems. As has previously been done for peroxy radical hydrogen shift reactions, we present a cost-effective approach to the practical implementation of multiconformer transition state theory (MC-TST) for alkoxy radical unimolecular (H-shift and decomposition) reactions. Specifically, we test the optimal approach for the conformational sampling as well as the best value for a cutoff of high-energy conformers. In order to obtain accurate rate coefficients at a reduced computational cost, an energy cutoff is employed to reduce the required number of high-level calculations. The rate coefficients obtained with the developed theoretical approach are compared to available experimental rate coefficients for both 1,5 H-shifts and decomposition reactions. For all but one of the reactions tested, the calculated MC-TST rate coefficients agree with experimental results to within a factor of 7. The discrepancy for the final reaction is about a factor of 15, but part of the discrepancy is caused by pressure effects, which are not included in MC-TST. Thus, for the fastest alkoxy reactions, deviation from the high-pressure limit even at 1 bar should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shanxi, Xi'an710049, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kristian H Møller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik G Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fu Z, Xie HB, Elm J, Liu Y, Fu Z, Chen J. Atmospheric Autoxidation of Organophosphate Esters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6944-6955. [PMID: 34793133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers, have frequently been identified in the atmosphere. However, their atmospheric fate and toxicity associated with atmospheric transformations are unclear. Here, we performed quantum chemical calculations and computational toxicology to investigate the reaction mechanism of peroxy radicals of OPEs (OPEs-RO2•), key intermediates in determining the atmospheric chemistry of OPEs, and the toxicity of the reaction products. TMP-RO2• (R1) and TCPP-RO2• (R2) derived from trimethyl phosphate and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, respectively, are selected as model systems. The results indicate that R1 and R2 can follow an H-shift-driven autoxidation mechanism under low NO concentration ([NO]) conditions, clarifying that RO2• from esters can follow an autoxidation mechanism. The unexpected autoxidation mechanism can be attributed to the distinct role of the ─(O)3P(═O) phosphate-ester group in facilitating the H-shift of OPEs-RO2• from commonly encountered ─OC(═O)─ and ─ONO2 ester groups in the atmosphere. Under high [NO] conditions, NO can mediate the autoxidation mechanism to form organonitrates and alkoxy radical-related products. The products from the autoxidation mechanism have low volatility and aquatic toxicity compared to their corresponding parent compounds. The proposed autoxidation mechanism advances our current understanding of the atmospheric RO2• chemistry and the environmental risk of OPEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Copper ions bind to biomolecules (e.g., peptides and proteins) playing an essential role in many biological and physiological pathways in the human body. The resulting complexes may contribute to the initiation of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and bacterial and viral diseases, or act as therapeutics. Some compounds can chemically damage biological macromolecules and initiate the development of pathogenic states. Conversely, a number of these compounds may have antibacterial, antiviral, and even anticancer properties. One of the most significant current discussions in Cu biochemistry relates to the mechanisms of the positive and negative actions of Cu ions based on the generation of reactive oxygen species, including radicals that can interact with DNA molecules. This review aims to analyze various peptide–copper complexes and the mechanism of their action.
Collapse
|
22
|
Shen Y, Yarkony DR. Unified Description of the Jahn-Teller Effect in Molecules with Only C s Symmetry: Cyclohexoxy in Its Full 48-Dimensional Internal Coordinates. J Phys Chem A 2021; 126:61-67. [PMID: 34965116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The two lowest potential energy surfaces of cyclohexoxy which are coupled by conical intersections and the spin-orbit interaction are determined in the full 48-dimensional internal coordinate space using a feedforward neural network to fit a diabatic potential energy matrix. The electronic structure data are obtained at the multireference configuration interaction with single- and double-excitation level. Underlying parallels between these coupled surfaces and those of the alkoxy radicals methoxy and isopropoxy are established. Earlier work by Dillon and Yarkony is extended. While the parallels would have been challenging to appreciate using the concept of the Jahn-Teller active modes, they are readily seen in terms of two internal modes centered at the conical intersection: g the energy difference gradient vector and h the interstate coupling gradient vector. In other words, g and h vectors provide a unified description of the Jahn-Teller effect in molecules exhibiting C3v and quasi-C3v symmetries. A spectral simulation in the full 48-vibrational-internal coordinate space is reported. This spectrum is obtained using recently developed algorithms designed to increase the size of the systems that can be treated with a time-independent vibronic coupling approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David R Yarkony
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Barber VP, Kroll JH. Chemistry of Functionalized Reactive Organic Intermediates in the Earth's Atmosphere: Impact, Challenges, and Progress. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10264-10279. [PMID: 34846877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase oxidation of organic compounds is an important chemical process in the Earth's atmosphere. It governs oxidant levels and controls the production of key secondary pollutants, and hence has major implications for air quality and climate. Organic oxidation is largely controlled by the chemistry of a few reactive intermediates, namely, alkyl (R) radicals, alkoxy (RO) radicals, peroxy (RO2) radicals, and carbonyl oxides (R1R2COO), which may undergo a number of unimolecular and bimolecular reactions. Our understanding of these intermediates, and the reaction pathways available to them, is based largely on studies of unfunctionalized intermediates, formed in the first steps of hydrocarbon oxidation. However, it has become increasingly clear that intermediates with functional groups, which are generally formed later in the oxidation process, can exhibit fundamentally different reactivity than unfunctionalized ones. In this Perspective, we explore the unique chemistry available to functionalized organic intermediates in the Earth's atmosphere. After a brief review of the canonical chemistry available to unfunctionalized intermediates, we discuss how the addition of functional groups can introduce new reactions, either by changing the energetics or kinetics of a given reaction or by opening up new chemical pathways. We then provide examples of atmospheric reaction classes that are available only to functionalized intermediates. Some of these, such as unimolecular H-shift reactions of RO2 radicals, have been elucidated only relatively recently, and can have important impacts on atmospheric chemistry (e.g., on radical cycling or organic aerosol formation); it seems likely that other, as-yet undiscovered reactions of (multi)functional intermediates may also exist. We discuss the challenges associated with the study of the chemistry of such intermediates and review novel experimental and theoretical approaches that have recently provided (or hold promise for providing) new insights into their atmospheric chemistry. The continued use and development of such techniques and the close collaboration between experimentalists and theoreticians are necessary for a complete, detailed understanding of the chemistry of functionalized intermediates and their impact on major atmospheric chemical processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria P Barber
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jesse H Kroll
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Banoun C, Bourdreux F, Magnier E, Dagousset G. Intermolecular C-O Bond Formation with Alkoxyl Radicals: Photoredox-Catalyzed α-Alkoxylation of Carbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2021; 23:8926-8930. [PMID: 34709834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the high reactivity of alkoxyl (RO·) radicals and their propensity to easily undergo β-scission or Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) reactions, intermolecular alkoxylations involving RO· radicals are barely described. We report herein for the first time the efficient intermolecular trapping of alkoxyl radicals by silyl enol ethers. This photoredox-mediated protocol enables the introduction of both structurally simple and more complex alkoxy groups into a wide range of ketones and amides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Banoun
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 8180 Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Flavien Bourdreux
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 8180 Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Magnier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 8180 Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Dagousset
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 8180 Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Berndt T. Peroxy Radical Processes and Product Formation in the OH Radical-Initiated Oxidation of α-Pinene for Near-Atmospheric Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9151-9160. [PMID: 34636563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
α-Pinene, C10H16, represents one of the most important biogenic emissions into the atmosphere. The formation of RO2 radicals HO-C10H16Ox, x = 2-6, and their closed-shell products from the OH + α-pinene reaction has been measured for close to atmospheric reaction conditions in the presence of NO with concentrations of (1.7-490) × 109 molecules cm-3. Main closed-shell products are substances with the composition C10H16O2 and C10H16O4, most likely carbonyls, obtained with molar yields in the range 0.42-0.45 and 0.17-0.19, respectively, for NO concentrations >5 × 1010 molecules cm-3. The corresponding total product yields amount to 0.75-0.81, indicating efficient product detection by the mass spectrometric method applied. All stated molar yields represent lower limit values affected with an uncertainty of [Formula: see text]. Kinetic and product analysis consistently revealed the suppression of the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) by a factor of 2-2.2 for the highest NO concentration used. The findings of this study provide insights into the RO2 radical processes of the OH + α-pinene reaction for atmospheric conditions and give an overview about the first-generation products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Berndt
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chang L, An Q, Duan L, Feng K, Zuo Z. Alkoxy Radicals See the Light: New Paradigms of Photochemical Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:2429-2486. [PMID: 34613698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alkoxy radicals are highly reactive species that have long been recognized as versatile intermediates in organic synthesis. However, their development has long been impeded due to a lack of convenient methods for their generation. Thanks to advances in photoredox catalysis, enabling facile access to alkoxy radicals from bench-stable precursors and free alcohols under mild conditions, research interest in this field has been renewed. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in alkoxy radical-mediated transformations under visible light irradiation. Elementary steps for alkoxy radical generation from either radical precursors or free alcohols are central to reaction development; thus, each section is categorized and discussed accordingly. Throughout this review, we have focused on the different mechanisms of alkoxy radical generation as well as their impact on synthetic utilizations. Notably, the catalytic generation of alkoxy radicals from abundant alcohols is still in the early stage, providing intriguing opportunities to exploit alkoxy radicals for diverse synthetic paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Qing An
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Kaixuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rimondino GN, Iriarte AG, Grosso M, Malanca FE. Kinetic and mechanistic studies of atmospheric degradation of diethyl pyrocarbonate initiated by OH radicals and chlorine atoms. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
28
|
Vereecken L, Vu G, Wahner A, Kiendler-Scharr A, Nguyen HMT. A structure activity relationship for ring closure reactions in unsaturated alkylperoxy radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16564-16576. [PMID: 34313271 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02758a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoids are an important class of multi-unsaturated volatile organic compounds emitted to the atmosphere. During their oxidation in the troposphere, unsaturated peroxy radicals are formed, which may undergo ring closure reactions by an addition of the radical oxygen atom on either of the carbons in the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond. This study describes a quantum chemical and theoretical kinetic study of the rate of ring closure, finding that the reactions are comparatively fast with rates often exceeding 1 s-1 at room temperature, making these reactions competitive in low-NOx environments and allowing for continued autoxidation by ring closure. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) is presented for 5- to 8-membered ring closure in unsaturated RO2 radicals with aliphatic substituents, with some analysis of the impact of oxygenated substituents. H-migration in the cycloperoxide peroxy radicals formed after the ring closure was found to be comparatively slow for unsubstituted RO2 radicals. In the related cycloperoxide alkoxy radicals, migration of H-atoms implanted on the ring was similarly found to be slower than for non-cyclic alkoxy radicals and is typically not competitive against decomposition reactions that lead to cycloperoxide ring breaking. Ring closure reactions may constitute an important reaction channel in the atmospheric oxidation of terpenoids and could promote continued autoxidation, though the impact is likely to be strongly dependent on the specific molecular backbone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Vereecken
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research: IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jahn LG, Wang DS, Dhulipala SV, Ruiz LH. Gas-Phase Chlorine Radical Oxidation of Alkanes: Effects of Structural Branching, NO x, and Relative Humidity Observed during Environmental Chamber Experiments. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7303-7317. [PMID: 34383508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chlorine-initiated oxidation of alkanes has been shown to rapidly form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) at higher yields than OH-alkane reactions. However, the effects of alkane volatile organic compound precursor structure and the reasons for the differences in SOA yield from OH-alkane reactions remain unclear. In this work, we investigated the effects of alkane molecular structure on oxidation by chlorine radical (Cl) and resulting formation of SOA through a series of laboratory chamber experiments, utilizing data from an iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometer and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor. Experiments were conducted with linear, branched, and branched cyclic C10 alkane precursors under different NOx and RH conditions. Observed product fragmentation patterns during the oxidation of branched alkanes demonstrate the abstraction of primary hydrogens by Cl, confirming a key difference between OH- and Cl-initiated oxidation of alkanes and providing a possible explanation for higher SOA production from Cl-initiated oxidation. Low-NOx conditions led to higher SOA production. SOA formed from butylcyclohexane under low NOx conditions contained higher fractions of organic acids and lower volatility molecules that were less prone to oligomerization relative to decane SOA. Branched alkanes produced less SOA, and branched cycloalkanes produced more SOA than linear n-alkanes, consistent with past work on OH-initiated reactions. Overall, our work provides insights into the differences between Cl- and OH-initiated oxidation of alkanes of different structures and the potential significance of Cl as an atmospheric oxidant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leif G Jahn
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 Texas, United States
| | - Dongyu S Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 Texas, United States.,Now at Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Surya Venkatesh Dhulipala
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 Texas, United States.,Now at Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 Texas, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Barber VP, Green WH, Kroll JH. Screening for New Pathways in Atmospheric Oxidation Chemistry with Automated Mechanism Generation. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6772-6788. [PMID: 34346695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the Earth's atmosphere, reactive organic carbon undergoes oxidation via a highly complex, multigeneration process, with implications for air quality and climate. Decades of experimental and theoretical studies, primarily on the reactions of hydrocarbons, have led to a canonical understanding of how gas-phase oxidation of organic compounds takes place. Recent research has brought to light a number of examples where the presence of certain functional groups opens up reaction pathways for key radical intermediates, including alkyl radicals, alkoxy radicals, and peroxy radicals, that are substantially different from traditional oxidation mechanisms. These discoveries highlight the need for methods that systematically explore the chemistry of complex, functionalized molecules without being prohibitively expensive. In this work, automated reaction network generation is used as a screening tool for new pathways in atmospheric oxidation chemistry. The reaction mechanism generator (RMG) is used to generate reaction networks for the OH-initiated oxidation of 200 mono- and bifunctionally substituted n-pentanes. The resulting networks are then filtered to highlight the reactions of key radical intermediates that are fast enough to compete with traditional atmospheric removal processes as well as "uncanonical" processes which differ from traditionally accepted oxidation mechanisms. Several recently reported, uncanonical atmospheric mechanisms appear in the RMG dataset. These "proof of concept" results provide confidence in this approach as a tool in the search for overlooked atmospheric oxidation chemistry. Several previously unreported reaction types are also encountered in the dataset. The most potentially atmospherically important of these is a radical-carbonyl ring-closure reaction that produces a highly functionalized cyclic alkoxy radical. This pathway is proposed as a promising target for further study via experiments and more detailed theoretical calculations. The approach presented herein represents a new way to efficiently explore atmospheric chemical space and unearth overlooked reaction steps in atmospheric oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria P Barber
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William H Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jesse H Kroll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ji Y, Chen X, Xiao Y, Ji Y, Zhang W, Wang J, Chen J, Li G, An T. Assessing the role of mineral particles in the atmospheric photooxidation of typical carbonyl compound. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 105:56-63. [PMID: 34130839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mineral particles are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and exhibit an important effect on the photooxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the role of mineral particles in the photochemical oxidation mechanism of VOCs remains unclear. Hence, the photooxidation reactions of acrolein (ARL) with OH radical (OH) in the presence and absence of SiO2 were investigated by theoretical approach. The gas-phase reaction without SiO2 has two distinct pathways (H-abstraction and OH-addition pathways), and carbonyl-H-abstraction is the dominant pathway. In the presence of SiO2, the reaction mechanism is changed, i.e., the dominant pathway from carbonyl-H-abstraction to OH-addition to carbonyl C-atom. The energy barrier of OH-addition to carbonyl C-atom deceases 21.33 kcal/mol when SiO2 is added. Carbonyl H-atom of ARL is occupied by SiO2 via hydrogen bond, and carbonyl C-atom is activated by SiO2. Hence, the main product changes from H-abstraction product to OH-adduct in the presence of SiO2. The OH-adduct exhibits a thermodynamic feasibility to yield HO2 radical and carboxylic acid via the subsequent reactions with O2, with implications for O3 formation and surface acidity of mineral particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuqi Xiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Weina Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiangyao Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Straccia C VG, Lugo PL, Rivela CB, Blanco MB, Wiesen P, Teruel MA. OH-initiated degradation of methyl 2-chloroacetoacetate and ethyl 2-chloroacetoacetate: Kinetics, products and mechanisms at 298 K and atmospheric pressure. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129659. [PMID: 33549882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with CH3C(O)CHClC(O)OCH3 (k1) and CH3C(O)CHClC(O)OCH2CH3 (k2) were measured using the relative technique with different reference compounds. The experiments were performed at (298 ± 2) K and 750 Torr of nitrogen or synthetic air by in situ FTIR spectroscopy and GC-FID chromatography. The following rate coefficients (in units of cm3molecule-1 s-1) were obtained: k1FTIR= (2.70 ± 0.51) × 10-11; k1GC-FID= (2.30 ± 0.71) × 10-11 and k2FTIR= (3.37 ± 0.62) × 10-11; k2GC-FID= (3.26 ± 0.85) × 10-11. This work reports the first kinetic study for the reactions of OH radicals with the mentioned chloroacetoacetates. Additionally, product studies are reported in similar conditions of the kinetic experiments. Acetic acid, acetaldehyde, formyl chloride, and methyl 2-chloro-2-oxoacetate were positively identified and quantified as degradation products. According to the identified products, atmospheric chemical mechanisms were proposed. The environmental implications of these reactions were assessed by the tropospheric lifetimes calculations of the title chloroesters. Significant average ozone production of 4.16 ppm for CH3C(O)CHClC(O)OCH3 and 5.98 ppm for CH3C(O)CHClC(O)OCH2CH3, respectively were calculated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vianni G Straccia C
- (L.U.Q.C.A), Laboratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (I.N.F.I.Q.C.), Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pedro L Lugo
- (L.U.Q.C.A), Laboratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (I.N.F.I.Q.C.), Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cynthia B Rivela
- (L.U.Q.C.A), Laboratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (I.N.F.I.Q.C.), Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria B Blanco
- (L.U.Q.C.A), Laboratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (I.N.F.I.Q.C.), Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Peter Wiesen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research, University of Wuppertal, DE-42097, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mariano A Teruel
- (L.U.Q.C.A), Laboratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (I.N.F.I.Q.C.), Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bai FY, Deng MS, Chen MY, Kong L, Ni S, Zhao Z, Pan XM. Atmospheric oxidation of fluoroalcohols initiated by ˙OH radicals in the presence of water and mineral dusts: mechanism, kinetics, and risk assessment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13115-13127. [PMID: 34075970 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01324f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The transport and formation of fluorinated compounds are greatly significant due to their possible environmental risks. In this work, the ˙OH-mediated degradation of CF3CF2CF2CH2OH and CF3CHFCF2CH2OH in the presence of O2/NO/NO2 was studied by using density functional theory and the direct kinetic method. The formation mechanisms of perfluorocarboxylic/hydroperfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs/H-PFCAs), which were produced from the reactions of α-hydroxyperoxy radicals with NO/NO2 and the ensuing oxidation of α-hydroxyalkoxy radicals, were clarified and discussed. The roles of water and silica particles in the rate constants and ˙OH reaction mechanism with fluoroalcohols were investigated theoretically. The results showed that water and silica particles do not alter the reaction mechanism but obviously change the kinetic properties. Water could retard fluoroalcohol degradation by decreasing the rate constants by 3-5 orders of magnitude. However, the heterogeneous ˙OH-rate coefficients on the silica particle surfaces, including H4SiO4, H6Si2O7, and H12Si6O18, are larger than that of the naked reaction by 1.20-24.50 times. This finding suggested that these heterogeneous reactions may be responsible for the atmospheric loss of fluoroalcohols and the burden of PFCAs. In addition, fluoroalcohols could be exothermically trapped by H12Si6O18, H6Si2O7, and H4SiO4, in which the chemisorption on H12Si6O18 is stronger than that on H6Si2O7 or H4SiO4. The global warming potentials and radiative forcing of CF3CF2CF2CH2OH/CF3CHFCF2CH2OH were calculated to assess their contributions to the greenhouse effect. The toxicities of individual species were also estimated via the ECOSAR program and experimental measurements. This work enhances the understanding of the environmental formation of PFCAs and the transformation of fluoroalcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yang Bai
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Shuai Deng
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, P. R. China.
| | - Mei-Yan Chen
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, P. R. China.
| | - Lian Kong
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Ni
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Chang Ping, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Mei Pan
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mark A, Feinberg EC, Dinnocenzo JP. Direct Experimental Evidence for Alkoxyl Radicals Reacting as Hydrogen Atom Donors toward Pyridines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7508-7514. [PMID: 34033720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy was used to generate ethoxyl radicals and demonstrate that they react with 2,6-lutidine and 4-phenylpyridine to give the corresponding N-hydropyridinyl radicals-products of a novel hydrogen atom transfer from the alkoxyl radical to the nitrogen atom of the substituted pyridines. Nanosecond kinetics show that both reactions are rapid (k ∼ 107 M-1 s-1) in acetonitrile at room temperature. Rate constants measured for reaction of the ethoxyl vs. d5-ethoxyl radical with 2,6-lutidine and 4-phenylpyridine show that both reactions exhibit primary H/D kinetic isotope effects for the hydrogen (deuterium) atom transfer reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Analuz Mark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Feinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Joseph P Dinnocenzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Atmospheric chemistry of CF3CHFCF2OCH2CF2CF3: Kinetics and mechanism on the OH-initiated degradation and subsequent reactions in the presence of O2 and NO. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
36
|
Catone D, Satta M, Castrovilli MC, Bolognesi P, Avaldi L, Cartoni A. Photoionization of methanol: a molecular source for the prebiotic chemistry. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
37
|
Ma F, Guo X, Xia D, Xie HB, Wang Y, Elm J, Chen J, Niu J. Atmospheric Chemistry of Allylic Radicals from Isoprene: A Successive Cyclization-Driven Autoxidation Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4399-4409. [PMID: 33769798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric chemistry of isoprene has broad implications for regional air quality and the global climate. Allylic radicals, taking 13-17% yield in the isoprene oxidation by •Cl, can contribute as much as 3.6-4.9% to all possible formed intermediates in local regions at daytime. Considering the large quantity of isoprene emission, the chemistry of the allylic radicals is therefore highly desirable. Here, we investigated the atmospheric oxidation mechanism of the allylic radicals using quantum chemical calculations and kinetics modeling. The results indicate that the allylic radicals can barrierlessly combine with O2 to form peroxy radicals (RO2•). Under ≤100 ppt NO and ≤50 ppt HO2• conditions, the formed RO2• mainly undergo two times "successive cyclization and O2 addition" to finally form the product fragments 2-alkoxy-acetaldehyde (C2H3O2•) and 3-hydroperoxy-2-oxopropanal (C3H4O4). The presented reaction illustrates a novel successive cyclization-driven autoxidation mechanism. The formed 3-hydroperoxy-2-oxopropanal product is a new isomer of the atmospheric C3H4O4 family and a potential aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol precursor. Under >100 ppt NO condition, NO can mediate the cyclization-driven autoxidation process to form C5H7NO3, C5H7NO7, and alkoxy radical-related products. The proposed novel autoxidation mechanism advances our current understanding of the atmospheric chemistry of both isoprene and RO2•.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xirui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Deming Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hughey KD, Tonkyn RG, Harper WW, Young VL, Myers TL, Johnson TJ. Preliminary studies of UV photolysis of gas-phase CH3I in air: Time-resolved infrared identification of methanol and formaldehyde products. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
39
|
Xue J, Qin T, Zu L. Intramolecular charge transfer excitation induced by CH 3O substitution in the 3-methoxy-1-propoxy radical. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2586-2593. [PMID: 33474557 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxy-substituted alkoxy radicals are generated from the oxidation of ethers. Their degradation path affects ozone production and the formation of the secondary organic aerosol in the atmosphere. In this work, three alkoxy radicals with methoxy (CH3O) substitution at β, γ, and δ carbon are studied using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy and theoretical calculation methods. A charge transfer (CT) excited state induced by the CH3O substitution is identified to be because of the intramolecular electron transfer from the C-O-C p orbital to the radical O p orbital. Comparison of the structure and CT transition strength between GGt and TTt conformers of the 3-methoxy-1-propoxy radical (CH3OCH2CH2CH2O) suggests that this long-range charge transfer effect is mainly a through-bond interaction. The CT excited state of CH3OCH2CH2CH2O has a conical intersection with the CO σ → O p excited state, which, hence, changes the LIF spectrum of the radical. Only the decomposition product HCHO was observed in the LIF spectrum of β substituted radical CH3OCH2CH2O. For δ substituted radical CH3OCH2CH2CH2CH2O, the substitution effect on the radical stability is negligible and its LIF spectrum is close to that of unsubstituted alkoxy radicals. The results provide information for understanding the degradation chemistry of oxygenated hydrocarbon molecules in the atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Xue
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Tai Qin
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Lily Zu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Novelli A, Cho C, Fuchs H, Hofzumahaus A, Rohrer F, Tillmann R, Kiendler-Scharr A, Wahner A, Vereecken L. Experimental and theoretical study on the impact of a nitrate group on the chemistry of alkoxy radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5474-5495. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05555g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of nitrated alkoxy radicals, and its impact on RO2 measurements using the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique, is examined by a combined theoretical and experimental study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Novelli
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - C. Cho
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - H. Fuchs
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - A. Hofzumahaus
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - F. Rohrer
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - R. Tillmann
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - A. Kiendler-Scharr
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - A. Wahner
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - L. Vereecken
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kohno N, Li J, Sakamoto Y, Kajii Y. Rate constants of CH
3
O
2
+ NO
2
CH
3
O
2
NO
2
and C
2
H
5
O
2
+ NO
2
C
2
H
5
O
2
NO
2
reactions under atmospheric conditions. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanase Kohno
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Jiaru Li
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yosuke Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Center for Regional Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental Studies Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yoshizumi Kajii
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Center for Regional Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental Studies Ibaraki Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Organic molecule enhanced 1O2 electrochemiluminescence from the phase transformation of amorphous calcium phosphate. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
43
|
Wang XQ, Wang W, Peng M, Zhang XZ. Free radicals for cancer theranostics. Biomaterials 2020; 266:120474. [PMID: 33125969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals were generally regarded as highly reactive, transient and harmful species. In fact, some of the free radicals can also be inactive, long-lived and beneficial for our health. These properties of free radicals provide future possibilities for their application in various fields. Owning to their open-shell electronic structure, free radicals exhibit unique advantages in biomedical applications, such as high reactivity, photoacoustic and photothermal conversion ability, molecular magnetic. In this review, recent progress on free radicals and their applications in cancer theranostics are presented. Typical materials that exhibit controlled generation of free radicals and their applications for photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), gas therapy, hypoxic cancer treatment, photothermal therapy (PTT), photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are summarized and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China
| | - Mengyun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, PR China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mallick S, Roy B, Kumar P. A comparison of DLPNO-CCSD(T) and CCSD(T) method for the determination of the energetics of hydrogen atom transfer reactions. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
45
|
Valiev RR, Kurten T. Is either direct photolysis or photocatalysed H-shift of peroxyl radicals a competitive pathway in the troposphere? ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200521. [PMID: 33047020 PMCID: PMC7540759 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peroxyl radicals (RO O . ) are key intermediates in atmospheric chemistry, with relatively long lifetimes compared to most other radical species. In this study, we use multireference quantum chemical methods to investigate whether photolysis can compete with well-established RO O . sink reactions. We assume that the photolysis channel is always RO O . + hν => RO + O(3P). Our results show that the maximal value of the cross-section for this channel is σ = 1.3 × 10-18 cm2 at 240 nm for five atmospherically representative peroxyl radicals: CH3O O . , C(O)HCH2O O . , CH3CH2O O . , HC(O)O O . and CH3C(O)O O . . These values agree with experiments to within a factor of 2. The rate constant of photolysis in the troposphere is around 10-5 s-1 for all five RO O . . As the lifetime of peroxyl radicals in the troposphere is typically less than 100 s, photolysis is thus not a competitive process. Furthermore, we investigate whether or not electronic excitation to the first excited state (D1) by infrared radiation can facilitate various H-shift reactions, leading, for example, in the case of CH3O O . to formation of O . H and CH2O or HO O . and CH2 products. While the activation barriers for H-shifts in the D1 state may be lower than in the ground state (D0), we find that H-shifts are unlikely to be competitive with decay back to the D0 state through internal conversion, as this has a rate of the order of 1013 s-1 for all studied systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid R. Valiev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens Plats 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Theo Kurten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens Plats 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ren Z, da Silva G. Auto-Oxidation of a Volatile Silicon Compound: A Theoretical Study of the Atmospheric Chemistry of Tetramethylsilane. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6544-6551. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ghosh G, Greer A. A fluorinated phosphite traps alkoxy radicals photogenerated at the air/solid interface of a nanoparticle. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry Brooklyn College Brooklyn New York USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York New York USA
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry Brooklyn College Brooklyn New York USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tang X, Lin X, Garcia GA, Loison JC, Fittschen C, Gu X, Zhang W, Nahon L. Threshold photoelectron spectroscopy of the methoxy radical. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:031101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0016146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Tang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lin
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Gustavo A. Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Loison
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Christa Fittschen
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522, PC2A – Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Xuejun Gu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Oyama R, Abe M. Reactivity and Product Analysis of a Pair of Cumyloxyl and tert-Butoxyl Radicals Generated in Photolysis of tert-Butyl Cumyl Peroxide. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8627-8638. [PMID: 32496065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alkoxyl radicals play important roles in various fields of chemistry. Understanding their reactivity is essential to applying their chemistry for industrial and biological purposes. Hydrogen-atom transfer and C-C β-scission reactions have been reported from alkoxyl radicals. The ratios of these two processes were investigated using cumyloxyl (CumO•) and tert-butoxyl radicals (t-BuO•), respectively. However, the products generated from the pair of radicals have not been investigated in detail. In this study, CumO• and t-BuO• were simultaneously generated from the photolysis of tert-butyl cumyl peroxide to understand the chemical behavior of the pair of radicals by analyzing the products and their distribution. Electron paramagnetic resonance and/or transient absorption spectroscopy analyses of radicals, including CumO• and t-BuO•, provide more information about the radicals generated during the photolysis of tert-butyl cumyl peroxide. Furthermore, the photoproducts of (3-(tert-butylperoxy)pentane-3-yl)benzene demonstrated that the ether products were formed in in-cage reactions. The triplet-sensitized reaction induced by acetophenone, which is produced from CumO•, clarified that the spin state did not affect the product distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Oyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.,Hiroshima University Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (HiU-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Feng B, Sun C, Zhao W, Zhang S. A theoretical investigation on the atmospheric degradation of the radical: reactions with NO, NO 2, and NO 3. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1554-1565. [PMID: 32608429 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00112k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The radical is the key intermediate in the atmospheric oxidation of benzaldehyde, and its further chemistry contributes to local air pollution. The reaction mechanisms of the radical with NO, NO2, and NO3 were studied by quantum chemistry calculations at the CCSD(T)/CBS//M06-2X/def2-TZVP level of theory. The explicit potential energy curves were provided in order to reveal the atmospheric fate of the radical comprehensively. The main products of the reaction of with NO are predicted to be , CO2 and NO2. The reaction of with NO2 is reversible, and its main product would be C6H5C(O)O2NO2 which was predicted to be more stable than PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate) at room temperature. The decomposition of C6H5C(O)O2NO2 at different ambient temperatures would be a potential long-range transport source of NOx in the atmosphere. The predominant products of the reaction are predicted to be C6H5C(O)O2H, C6H5C(O)OH, O2 and O3, while HO˙ is of minor importance. So, the reaction of with would be an important source of ozone and carboxylic acids in the local atmosphere, and has less contribution to the regeneration of HO˙ radicals. The reaction of with NO3 should mainly produce , CO2, O2 and NO2, which might play an important role in atmospheric chemistry of peroxy radicals at night, but has less contribution to the night-time conversion of ( and RO˙) to ( and HO˙) in the local atmosphere. The results above are in good accordance with the reported experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, South Zhongguancun Street # 5, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|