1
|
Stawski W, Zhu Y, Rončević I, Wei Z, Petrukhina MA, Anderson HL. The anti-aromatic dianion and aromatic tetraanion of [18]annulene. Nat Chem 2024; 16:998-1002. [PMID: 38448656 PMCID: PMC11164681 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated macrocycles behave differently from analogous linear chains because their electronic wavefunctions resemble a quantum particle on a ring, leading to aromaticity or anti-aromaticity. [18]Annulene, (CH)18, is the archetypal non-benzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon. Molecules with circuits of 4n + 2 π electrons, such as [18]annulene (n = 4), are aromatic, with enhanced stability and diatropic ring currents (magnetic shielding inside the ring), whereas those with 4n π electrons, such as the dianion of [18]annulene, are expected to be anti-aromatic and exhibit the opposite behaviour. Here we use 1H NMR spectroscopy to re-evaluate the structure of the [18]annulene dianion. We also show that it can be reduced further to an aromatic tetraanion, which has the same shape as the dianion. The crystal structure of the tetraanion lithium salt confirms its geometry and reveals a metallocene-like sandwich, with five Li+ cations intercalated between two [18]annulene tetraanions. We also report a heteroleptic sandwich, with [18]annulene and corannulene tetraanion decks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Stawski
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Igor Rončević
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen QW, Ding YS, Zhu XF, Wang BW, Zheng Z. Substituent Positioning Effects on the Magnetic Properties of Sandwich-Type Erbium(III) Complexes with Bis(trimethylsilyl)-Substituted Cyclooctatetraenyl Ligands. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9511-9519. [PMID: 38135507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide complexes with judiciously designed ligands have been extensively studied for their potential applications as single-molecule magnets. With the influence of ligands on their magnetic properties generally established, recent research has unearthed certain effects inherent to site differentiation due to the different types and varying numbers of substituents on the same ligand platform. Using two new sandwich-type Er(III) complexes with cyclooctatetraenyl (COT) ligands featuring two differently positioned trimethylsilyl (TMS) substituents, namely, [Li(DME)Er(COT1,5-TMS2)2]n (Er1) and [Na(DME)3][Er(COT1,3-TMS2)2] (Er2) [COT1,3-TMS2 and COT1,5-TMS2 donate 1,3- and 1,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)-substituted cyclooctatetraenyl ligands, respectively; DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane], and with reference to previously reported [Li(DME)3][Er(COT1,4-TMS2)2] (A) and [K(DME)2][Er(COT1,4-TMS2)2] (B), any possible substituent position effects have been explored for the first time. The rearrangement of the TMS substituents from the starting COT1,4-TMS2 to COT1,3-TMS2 and COT1,5-TMS2, by way of formal migration of the TMS group, was thermally induced in the case of Er1, while for the formation of Er2, the use of Na+ in the placement of its Li+ and K+ congeners is essential. Both Er1 and Er2 display single-molecule magnetic behaviors with energy barriers of 170(3) and 172(6) K, respectively. Magnetic hysteresis loops, butterfly-shaped for Er1 and wide open for Er2, were observed up to 12 K for Er1 and 13 K for Er2. Studies of magnetic dynamics reveal the different pathways for relaxation of magnetization below 10 K, mainly by the Raman process for Er1 and by quantum tunneling of magnetization for Er2, leading to the order of magnitude difference in magnetic relaxation times and sharply different magnetic hysteresis loops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - You-Song Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Key University Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Key University Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Li Z, Wang MW, Chan J, Liu G, Wang Z, Jiang W. Highly Luminescent Chiral Double π-Helical Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5295-5304. [PMID: 38363710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Unveiling the mechanism behind chirality propagation and dissymmetry amplification at the molecular level is of significance for the development of chiral systems with comprehensively outstanding chiroptical performances. Herein, we have presented a straightforward Cu-mediated Ullmann homocoupling approach to synthesize perylene diimide-entwined double π-helical nanoribbons encompassing dimer, trimer, and tetramer while producing homochiral or heterochiral linking of chiral centers. A significant dissymmetry amplification was achieved, with absorption dissymmetry factors (|gabs|) increasing from 0.009 to 0.017 and further to 0.019, and luminescence dissymmetry factors (|glum|) rising from 0.007 to 0.013 and eventually to 0.015 for homochiral double π-helical oligomers. The disparity of magnetic transition dipole moment (m) densities in homochiral and heterochiral tetramers by time-dependent density functional theory calculations confirmed that homochiral oligomerization can maximize the total m, which is favorable for achieving ever-increasing g factors. Notably, these double π-helices exhibited exceptional photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL) ranging from 83 to 95%. The circularly polarized luminescence brightness (BCPL) eventually reached a remarkable 575 M-1 cm-1 for the homochiral tetramer, which is among the highest values reported for chiral small molecules. This kind of linearly extended double π-helices offers a platform for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism behind chirality propagation and dissymmetry amplification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zuoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiangtao Chan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guogang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ruan K, Lu Z, Rao R, Liu JJ, Chen D, Xia H. Craig-Hückel Hybrid Aromatic Metalla-dehydro[11]annulenes Constructed by a Formal [10+1] Cycloaddition Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316885. [PMID: 38135661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic metalla-annulenes are important aromatic compounds, research into which has been mainly concentrated on metal-benzenes and their lower homologues. Reports on their superior homologs are rare, and this has greatly limited the systematic study of their properties. In this work, a series of osma-dehydro[11]annulenes with good air and thermal stability were prepared in high yields through a simple [10+1] strategy, by incorporating a metal fragment into conjugated ten-carbon chains in a one-pot reaction. They are the first monometallic aromatic metalla-[n]annulenes with the ring size larger than 6, and their Craig-Hückel hybrid aromaticity is supported by various physical and computational parameters. Besides, these complexes show versatile reactivities, not only giving further evidence for their aromaticity, but also demonstrating their physical and chemical properties can easily be regulated. This work enriches the metalla-aromatic chemistry, and provides a new avenue for the synthesis of large metalla-annulenes with different ring sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaidong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ren Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dishi O, Rahav Y, Gidron O. π-Conjugated oligofuran macrocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:522-529. [PMID: 38109063 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05225g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This Feature Article overviews a new class of π-conjugated materials - macrocyclic furans. Starting from their synthesis, we review their unique structural, optical and electronic properties, chemical reactivity, and potential application as synthons. Finally, we discuss the study of oligofuran macrocycles as a model system for exploring the concept of global aromaticity and the size limitation of Hückel's rule in neutral macrocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Or Dishi
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Yuval Rahav
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ori Gidron
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghosh A, Orasugh JT, Ray SS, Chattopadhyay D. Prospects of 2D graphdiynes and their applications in desalination and wastewater remediation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18568-18604. [PMID: 37346946 PMCID: PMC10281012 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01370g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Water is an indispensable part of human life that affects health and food intake. Water pollution caused by rapid industrialization, agriculture, and other human activities affects humanity. Therefore, researchers are prudent and cautious regarding the use of novel materials and technologies for wastewater remediation. Graphdiyne (GDY), an emerging 2D nanomaterial, shows promise in this direction. Graphdiyne has a highly symmetrical π-conjugated structure consisting of uniformly distributed pores; hence, it is favorable for applications such as oil-water separation and organic-pollutant removal. The acetylenic linkage in GDY can strongly interact with metal ions, rendering GDY applicable to heavy-metal adsorption. In addition, GDY membranes that exhibit 100% salt rejection at certain pressures are potential candidates for wastewater treatment and water reuse via desalination. This review provides deep insights into the structure, properties, and synthesis methods of GDY, owing to which it is a unique, promising material. In the latter half of the article, various applications of GDY in desalination and wastewater treatment have been detailed. Finally, the prospects of these materials have been discussed succinctly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrija Ghosh
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta Kolkata-700009 India
| | - Jonathan Tersur Orasugh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg Doorfontein Johannesburg 2028 South Africa
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria 0001 South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg Doorfontein Johannesburg 2028 South Africa
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria 0001 South Africa
| | - Dipankar Chattopadhyay
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta Kolkata-700009 India
- Center for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Sikhsha Prangan, University of Calcutta JD-2, Sector-III, Saltlake City Kolkata-700098 WB India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kato K, Kaneda T, Ohtani S, Ogoshi T. Per-Arylation of Pillar[ n]arenes: An Effective Tool to Modify the Properties of Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6905-6913. [PMID: 36929722 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Installation of various substituents is a reliable and versatile way to alter the properties of macrocyclic molecules, but high-yield and controlled methods are not always available especially for multifold reactions. Herein, we report 10- and 12-fold introduction of aryl substituents onto both rims of cylinder-shaped pillar[n]arenes, which usually have alkoxy substituents slanting to the cylinder axes. Although alkoxy pillar[5]arenes exist as D5-symmetric enantiomeric pairs, arylated pillar[5]arenes provide crushed single-crystal structures and stereoisomerism including C2-symmetric conformations depending on the aryl groups. Pillar[n]arenes with 2-benzofuranyl groups display bright fluorescence with quantum yields of 88-90% and no host-guest complexation with electron-deficient molecules in solution due to large deviation from alkoxy compounds. A benzofuran-appended pillar[6]arene instead captures small gaseous molecules in the solid state, probably owing to outside spaces surrounded by aromatic rings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kaneda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Graphdiyne, a sp- and sp2-hybridized 2D π-conjugated carbon material with well-dispersed pores and unique electronic properties, was well investigated and applied in catalysis, electronics, optics, and energy storage and conversion. Graphdiyne fragments with conjugation in 2D can provide in-depth insights for understanding the intrinsic structure-property relationships of graphdiyne. Herein, an atomic precise wheel-shaped nanographdiyne composed of six dehydrobenzo [18] annulenes ([18]DBAs, the smallest macrocyclic unit of graphdiyne), was realized through the sixfold intramolecular Eglinton coupling in the hexabutadiyne precursors obtained by the sixfold Cadiot-Chodkiewicz cross-coupling of hexaethynylbenzene. Its planar structure was revealed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The full cross-conjugation of the six 18π electron circuits yields the π-electron conjugation along the giant π core. This work provides a realizable method for the synthesis of future graphdiyne fragments with different functional groups and/or heteroatom doping, as well as the study of the unique electronic/photophysical properties and aggregation behavior of graphdiyne.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jingyi He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stawski W, Van Raden JM, Patrick CW, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Anderson HL. Strained Porphyrin Tape-Cycloparaphenylene Hybrid Nanorings. Org Lett 2023; 25:378-383. [PMID: 36626241 PMCID: PMC9872170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
V-Shaped porphyrin dimers, with masked p-phenylene bridges, undergo efficient oxidative coupling to form meso-meso linked cyclic porphyrin oligomers. Reductive aromatization unmasks the p-phenylenes, increasing the strain. Oxidation then fuses the porphyrin dimers, providing a nanoring with curved walls. The strain in this macrocycle bends the p-phenylene and fused porphyrin dimer units (radii of curvature of 11.4 and 19.0 Å, respectively), but it does not significantly alter the electronic structure of the fused porphyrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Stawski
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Jeff M. Van Raden
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Connor W. Patrick
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Peter N. Horton
- UK
National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK
National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang J, Chen H, Qin X, Duan H, Zhang X, Kong X, Lian X, Ding H, Yi H, Tan Y, Xiao D, Du P, Xu P. Curved π-Conjugated Helical Carbon Frameworks: Syntheses, Structural Analyses, and Properties. Org Lett 2022; 24:9463-9467. [PMID: 36541687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Two enantiomers with helical carbon frameworks (M-HCFa and P-HCFa) and their conformational isomers (M-HCFb and P-HCFb) have been synthesized and characterized. The single-crystal analysis revealed the novel structures in which three propeller blades spiro-fused on two central benzene rings. The optical properties were further investigated, and stable bipolar electrochemiluminescence emissions were discovered for the first time existing in helical carbon frameworks, which provide new insights into the future development of high-performance molecular luminescent devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Huafeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongrong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xin S, Han Y, Fan W, Wang X, Ni Y, Wu J. Enhanced Aromaticity and Open‐Shell Diradical Character in the Dianions of 9‐Fluorenylidene‐Substituted Expanded Radialenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209448. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xin
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350507 China
- Department of chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Department of chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350507 China
- Department of chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Komatsubara K, Inagaki Y, Setaka W. Synthesis and Characterization of Silyl[ n]acediynes (Linearly Fused Benzodehydro[12]annulenes): Utilizing Bulkiness of Silyl Groups to Improve Selectivity. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12783-12790. [PMID: 36099322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[n]Acediynes have unique properties owing to their highly strained and extended π-electron system. We have previously reported the selective synthesis of a silyl[1]acediyne, i.e., silyldibenzotetradehydro[12]annulene, utilizing the bulkiness of the silyl groups to improve the selectivity of the reaction. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of high-order silyl[n]acediynes via Eglington coupling between silyldiethynylbenzene and silyltetraethynylbenzene. In fact, silyl[2]acediyne as well as silyl[1]acediyne can be isolated from the reaction mixture. Their structures were determined using X-ray crystallography and discussed with reference to our previous report, and their spectroscopic properties, including absorption, fluorescence, Raman, and IR spectra, were fully characterized with DFT calculations. A drastic redshift in their absorption and fluorescence spectra occurred with an increase in the order number n of the [n]acediynes. The antiaromaticities of the dehydro[12]annulene moieties at the center of the annulene ring in these silylacediynes were also evaluated using NICS values. The calculated values were small and positive, which confirmed the weak antiaromatic character of the rings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Komatsubara
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inagaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Wataru Setaka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xin S, Han Y, Fan W, Wang X, Ni Y, Wu J. Enhanced Aromaticity and Open‐shell Diradical Character in The Dianions of 9‐Fluorenylidene Substituted Expanded Radialenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xin
- National University of Singapore Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Yi Han
- National University of Singapore Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Wei Fan
- National University of Singapore Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Xuhui Wang
- National University of Singapore Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Yong Ni
- National University of Singapore Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Jishan Wu
- National University of Singapore Chemistry 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore SINGAPORE
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Sun B, Oakley MS, Yoshida K, Yang Y, Tommasini M, Zanchi C, Lucotti A, Ferguson MJ, Hampel F, Klobukowski M, Tykwinski RR. The Effects of Ring Strain on Cyclic Tetraaryl[5]cumulenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200616. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bozheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Meagan S. Oakley
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Kota Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yanwen Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Chiara Zanchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | | | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Serafini P, Milani A, Tommasini M, Castiglioni C, Proserpio DM, Bottani CE, Casari CS. Vibrational properties of graphdiynes as 2D carbon materials beyond graphene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10524-10536. [PMID: 35442257 PMCID: PMC9425158 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00980c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid sp–sp2 carbon systems are an appealing subject for science and technology. For these materials, topology and structure significantly affect electronic and vibrational properties. We investigate here by periodic density-functional theory (DFT) calculations the Raman and IR spectra of 2D carbon crystals belonging to the family of graphdiynes (GDYs) and having different structures and topologies. By joining DFT calculations with symmetry analysis, we assign the IR and Raman modes in the spectra of all the investigated systems. On this basis, we discuss how the modulation of the Raman and IR active bands depends on the different interactions between sp and sp2 domains. The symmetry-based classification allows identifying the marker bands sensitive to the different peculiar topologies. These results show the effectiveness of vibrational spectroscopy for the characterization of new nanostructures, deepening the knowledge of the subtle interactions that take place in these 2D materials. Raman and IR spectra investigation of 2D carbon crystals belonging to the family of graphdiynes (GDYs) and having different structures is performed in this paper, focusing on how these spectra are affected by different topological features.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Serafini
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 23/3, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - A Milani
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 23/3, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - M Tommasini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chem. Eng. 'G.Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - C Castiglioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chem. Eng. 'G.Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - D M Proserpio
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C E Bottani
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 23/3, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - C S Casari
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 23/3, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen H, Zhang J, Qin X, Zhai L, Qin Y, Duan H, Pei S, Lian X, Xu P. A Dendrimer: Concise Synthesis and Its Optical Properties. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
18
|
Ambhore MD, Panchal SP, Mondal A, Konar S, Anand VG. Reversible redox switching between local and global aromaticity for core-modified expanded carbaisophlorinoids. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2818-2821. [PMID: 35323831 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02230j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two dithienothiophene based 28π antiaromatic macrocycles with benzene and azulene units and their effects on local and global (anti)aromaticity have been described. Experimental and computational studies confirmed the presence of weak paratropic and strong diatropic ring current effects in neutral and dicationic states, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madan D Ambhore
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Santosh P Panchal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Arpan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Sanjit Konar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Venkataramanarao G Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Harimoto T, Ishigaki Y. Redox‐Active Hydrocarbons: Isolation and Structural Determination of Cationic States toward Advanced Response Systems. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200013. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Harimoto
- Hokkaido University: Hokkaido Daigaku Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science JAPAN
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Hokkaido University: Hokkaido Daigaku Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science North 10, West 8, North-ward 060-0810 Sapporo JAPAN
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tasić M, Ivković J, Carlström G, Melcher M, Bollella P, Bendix J, Gorton L, Persson P, Uhlig J, Strand D. Electro-mechanically switchable hydrocarbons based on [8]annulenes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:860. [PMID: 35165264 PMCID: PMC8844043 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure hydrocarbons with shape and conjugation properties that can be switched by external stimuli is an intriguing prospect in the design of new responsive materials and single-molecule electronics. Here, we develop an oligomeric [8]annulene-based material that combines a remarkably efficient topological switching upon redox changes with structural simplicity, stability, and straightforward synthesis: 5,12-alkyne linked dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraenes (dbCOTs). Upon reduction, the structures accommodate a reversible reorganization from a pseudo-conjugated tub-shape to a conjugated aromatic system. This switching in oligomeric structures gives rise to multiple defined states that are deconvoluted by electrochemical, NMR, and optical methods. The combination of stable electromechanical responsivity and ability to relay electrons stepwise through an extended (pseudo-conjugated) π-system in partially reduced structures validate alkyne linked dbCOTs as a practical platform for developing new responsive materials and switches based on [8]annulene cores. Pure hydrocarbons with properties that can be switched by external stimuli are interesting for the design and development of new responsive materials. Here, the authors develop an oligomeric [8]annulene-based material that combines topological switching upon redox changes with structural simplicity, stability, and straightforward synthesis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kroeger AA, Karton A. Graphene-induced planarization of cyclooctatetraene derivatives. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:96-105. [PMID: 34677827 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stable equilibrium compounds containing a planar antiaromatic cyclooctatetraene (COT) ring are promising candidates for organic electronic devices such as organic semiconductor transistors. The planarization of COT by incorporation into rigid planar π-systems, as well as by oxidation or reduction has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Using dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations, we explore an alternative approach of planarizing COT derivatives by adsorption onto graphene. We show that strong π-π stacking interactions between graphene and COT derivatives induce a planar structure with an antiaromatic central COT ring. In addition to being reversible, this strategy provides a novel approach for planarizing COT without the need for incorporation into a rigid structure, atomic substitution, oxidation, or reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asja A Kroeger
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sahoo S, Jana M, Rath H. Tailor-made aromatic porphyrinoids with NIR absorption. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1834-1859. [PMID: 35028653 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06336g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The highlight of this article is the recent progress in the state-of-the-art synthetic design and isolation of artificial porphyrinoids by swapping pyrrole component(s) with diverse functionalized pyrrolic(heterocyclic)/carbacycle building block(s) to compare the impact on the electronic absorption spectra and aromaticity of the incorporated isomeric/expanded porphyrinoids. Attention has been directed towards five distinct criteria of utilizing functionalized pyrrolic(heterocyclic)/aromatic hydrocarbons as synthons for NIR absorbing aromatic isomeric (N-confusion)/expanded porphyrinoids (with five/six heterocycles): (i) fused or annelated pyrrole (heterocycle), (ii) functionalized bi-pyrrole/bi-thiophene/bi-furan building blocks, (iii) azulene based carbacycle building block, (iv) vinylogous aromatic carbacycle/heterocycle(s) building block and (v) N-confused pyrrole ring(s), and N-confused fused pyrrole ring(s) leading to π-extension. These hybrid porphyrinoids are ideal candidates for basic research into macrocyclic aromaticity and for many potential applications owing to NIR absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| | - Manik Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bold K, Stolte M, Shoyama K, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Lambert C, Würthner F. Macrocyclic Donor–Acceptor Dyads Composed of a Perylene Bisimide Dye Surrounded by Oligothiophene Bridges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bold
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bold K, Stolte M, Shoyama K, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Lambert C, Würthner F. Macrocyclic Donor-Acceptor Dyads Composed of a Perylene Bisimide Dye Surrounded by Oligothiophene Bridges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113598. [PMID: 34669254 PMCID: PMC9299635 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Two macrocyclic architectures comprising oligothiophene strands that connect the imide positions of a perylene bisimide (PBI) dye have been synthesized via a platinum‐mediated cross‐coupling strategy. The crystal structure of the double bridged PBI reveals all syn‐arranged thiophene units that completely enclose the planar PBI chromophore via a 12‐membered macrocycle. The target structures were characterized by steady‐state UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, as well as cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Both donor–acceptor dyads show ultrafast Förster Resonance Energy Transfer and photoinduced electron transfer, thereby leading to extremely low fluorescence quantum yields even in the lowest polarity cyclohexane solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bold
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kobayashi M, Kubo H, Oketani R, Hisaki I. Quinoxaline-annelated hexadehydro[12]annulene: Use of a new building block to construct a hydrogen-bonded hexagonal molecular network. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00676f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new hexatopic carboxylic acid with a quinoxaline-annelated dehydro[12]annulene core (TQ12) was synthesized and subjected to spectroscopy for comparison with tribenzodehydro[12]annulene derivative (T12). Subsequently, TQ12 was utilized for construction of...
Collapse
|
26
|
Ohtomo Y, Ishiwata K, Hashimoto S, Kuroiwa T, Tahara K. Revisiting Dehydrothiopheno[12]annulenes: Synthesis, Electronic Properties, and Aromaticity. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13198-13211. [PMID: 34546732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aromaticity and electronic properties of acetylene-bridged hexadehydrotristhiopheno[12]annulenes (HDTAs) were revisited using a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Moreover, we attempted the synthesis of the butadiyne-bridged octadehydrobisthiopheno[12]annulenes (ODTAs). While the formation of ODTAs was indicated by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and UV-vis absorption measurements, our attempts to isolate ODTAs were unsuccessful on account of its instability. Instead, their structure and energetic properties were predicted using DFT calculations. HDTA isomers in which the position where the thiophene rings are fused to the 12-membered ring differs (b- vs c-position) show distinct differences in their HOMO-LUMO energy gaps (EGap). ODTAs also show large EGap differences depending on the fusion position of the thiophene rings. The diene character of the thiophene ring significantly changes the electronic properties; i.e., EGap differences of >1 eV were observed between the isomers of both HDTAs and ODTAs. A theoretical evaluation of HDTAs and ODTAs revealed significant variation in the local aromaticity/antiaromaticity between the b- and c-isomers. The antiaromatic character of the 12-membered ring is attenuated for the b-isomers, whereas it is decreased substantially for the c-isomers. The results of this study are useful for a detailed understanding of the fundamental aspects of dehydrothiopheno[12]annulenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ohtomo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ken Ishiwata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shingo Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Kuroiwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Serafini P, Milani A, Proserpio DM, Casari CS. Designing All Graphdiyne Materials as Graphene Derivatives: Topologically Driven Modulation of Electronic Properties. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:18456-18466. [PMID: 34476043 PMCID: PMC8404194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c04238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Designing new 2D systems with tunable properties is an important subject for science and technology. Starting from graphene, we developed an algorithm to systematically generate 2D carbon crystals belonging to the family of graphdiynes (GDYs) and having different structures and sp/sp2 carbon ratios. We analyze how structural and topological effects can tune the relative stability and the electronic behavior, to propose a rationale for the development of new systems with tailored properties. A total of 26 structures have been generated, including the already known polymorphs such as α-, β-, and γ-GDY. Periodic density functional theory calculations have been employed to optimize the 2D crystal structures and to compute the total energy, the band structure, and the density of states. Relative energies with respect to graphene have been found to increase when the values of the carbon sp/sp2 ratio increase, following however different trends based on the peculiar topologies present in the crystals. These topologies also influence the band structure, giving rise to semiconductors with a finite band gap, zero-gap semiconductors displaying Dirac cones, or metallic systems. The different trends allow identifying some topological effects as possible guidelines in the design of new 2D carbon materials beyond graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Serafini
- Dipartimento
di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Milani
- Dipartimento
di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide M. Proserpio
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Samara
Center for Theoretical Materials Science (SCTMS), Samara State Technical University, 443100 Samara, Russia
| | - Carlo S. Casari
- Dipartimento
di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zeng C, Liu Y, Xue N, Jiang W, Yan S, Wang Z. Monocyclic and Dicyclic Dehydro[20]annulenes Integrated with Perylene Diimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19018-19023. [PMID: 34105225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel kind of monocyclic and dicyclic dehydro[20]annulenes exhibiting specific sizes and topologies from regioselective unilateral ortho-diethynyl PDI, is developed by Cu-catalyzed Glaser-Hay homo-coupling and cross-coupling. Through the integration of electron-deficient PDI chromophores into the dehydroannulene scaffolding, these macrocycles exhibit intense and characteristic absorption properties and the degenerated LUMO levels. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis unambiguously revealed unique porous supramolecular structures, which display micropore characteristics with surface area of 120.74 m2 g-1 . A moderate electron mobility of 0.05 cm2 V-1 s-1 for chlorine-free dehydro[20]annulene based on micrometer-sized single-crystalline transistors was witnessed. The porous and yet semiconducting features signify the prospects of PDI-integrated dehydroannulenes in organic optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yujian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ning Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shouke Yan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zeng C, Liu Y, Xue N, Jiang W, Yan S, Wang Z. Monocyclic and Dicyclic Dehydro[20]annulenes Integrated with Perylene Diimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Yujian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Ning Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Shouke Yan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lopez-Garcia F, Dong S, Han Y, Cheng Lee JJ, Ng PW, Chi C. Cyclobis[2,5-(thiophenedimethane)-4,4'-(triphenylamine)] versus Its S, S-Dioxidized Macrocycle: Global Antiaromaticity and Intramolecular Dynamics. Org Lett 2021; 23:6382-6386. [PMID: 34328336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fully conjugated macrocycles containing benzenoid rings rarely show global aromaticity/antiaromaticity. Herein, we report an annulene-like macrocycle CBTT and its S,S-dioxidized macrocycle DOCBTT with alternative quinoidal thiophene/1,1-dioxide thiophene and triphenyl amine moieties. They both showed temperature-dependent intramolecular dynamics and global antiaromatic character with 32π electrons at low temperature. However, CBTT and DOCBTT have different conjugated pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
| | - Shaoqiang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
| | - Johnathan Joo Cheng Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
| | - Pei Wen Ng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kasahara Y, Hisaki I, Akutagawa T, Takeda T. Fluorescent molecular glass based on hexadehydrotribenzo[12]annulene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5374-5377. [PMID: 33973596 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01356d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We prepared octylbenzoate-substituted [12]DBA (C8[12]DBA) as an organic molecular glass material. Even with a central large, planar π unit of [12]DBA, which is generally advantageous for the formation of a crystalline/liquid crystalline state, this compound formed a thermally stable glass state due to its small intermolecular π contact between [12]DBA units and twisted geometries around the terminal benzoate units. C8[12]DBA showed a unique dielectric anomaly and isolated fluorescence properties in the glass state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yotaro Kasahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan. and Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan. and Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kurian J, Shurooque KS, Ramkumar V, Chakkumkumarath L, Kannoth M M. Delocalization Effects and Tunable Emission in a Class of Charged Cyclazines with Nitrogen on the Periphery. Org Lett 2021; 23:3354-3358. [PMID: 33904737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new class of cyclazine analogues with periphery reminiscent of an aza[10]annulene framework, tethered internally by an sp3 carbon, is presented. In depth structure analysis based on NMR and X-ray diffraction data gave a deeper insight into the effect of electron delocalization on their structure and properties. A characteristic change in chemical shift positions suggested an aromatic ring current in these systems. Attractive emission properties in solid and solution states involving charge transfer is another highlight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jais Kurian
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Kanneth S Shurooque
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala 673 601, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bartkowski K, Pawlicki M. (Aza)Acenes Share the C2 Bridge with (Anti)Aromatic Macrocycles: Local vs. Global Delocalization Paths. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Bartkowski
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław F. Joliot-Curie 14 50383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław F. Joliot-Curie 14 50383 Wrocław Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30387 Kraków Poland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bartkowski K, Pawlicki M. (Aza)Acenes Share the C2 Bridge with (Anti)Aromatic Macrocycles: Local vs. Global Delocalization Paths. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9063-9070. [PMID: 33406296 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A strong conjugation present in fused systems plays a crucial role in tuning of the properties that would be showing a dependence on the efficiency of π-electrons coupling. The π-cloud available in the final structure can be drastically influenced by a side- or a linear fusion of unsaturated and conjugated hydrocarbons. The linear welding of naphthalene/anthracene or quinoxaline/benzo[g]quinoxaline with triphyrin(2.1.1) gives structures where the competition between local and global delocalization is distinguished. The aromatic character observed in skeletons strongly depends on the oxidation state of the macrocyclic flanking and is either extended over the whole system or kept as a composition of local currents (diatropic and paratropic) of incorporated units. The hybrid systems show the properties derived from the π-conjugations that interlace one another but also show a significant independence of (aza)acene subunits reflected in the observed spectroscopic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Bartkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383, Wrocław, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30387, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Bergner J, Neiß C, Doloczki S, Görling A, Kivala M, Petrukhina MA. Reduction of π-Expanded Cyclooctatetraene with Lithium: Stabilization of the Tetra-Anion through Internal Li + Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3510-3514. [PMID: 33108043 PMCID: PMC7898929 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The chemical reduction of a π-expanded polycyclic framework comprising a cyclooctatetraene moiety, octaphenyltetrabenzocyclooctatetraene, with lithium metal readily affords the corresponding tetra-anion instead of the expected aromatic dianion. As revealed by X-ray crystallography, the highly contorted tetra-anion is stabilized by coordination of two internally bound Li+ , while two external cations remain solvent separated. The variable-temperature 7 Li NMR spectra in THF confirm the presence of three types of Li+ ions and clearly differentiate internal binding, consistent with the crystal structure. Density-functional theory calculations suggest that the formation of the highly charged tetra-reduced carbanion is stabilized through Li+ coordination under the applied experimental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at AlbanyState University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at AlbanyState University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at AlbanyState University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| | - John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Christian Neiß
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Theoretical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Organic Chemistry IFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Theoretical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at AlbanyState University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ochiai H, Furukawa K, Nakano H, Matano Y. Doubly Strapped Redox-Switchable 5,10,15,20-Tetraaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrinoids: Promising Platforms for the Evaluation of Paratropic and Diatropic Ring-Current Effects. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2283-2296. [PMID: 33411514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel series of chemically stable and redox-switchable 20π, 19π, and 18π 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrinoids (TADAPs) that have two alkyl-chain straps above and below the diazaporphyrin ring. Three types of doubly strapped TADAPs were prepared as nickel(II) complexes using meso-N-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-substituted TADAP and the corresponding aliphatic diacids as precursors. Theoretical calculations revealed that regardless of their oxidation states, all strapped TADAPs had essentially flat π-planes. It was found that the alkyl-chain straps slightly affected the optical and electrochemical properties of the DAP rings, particularly in the oxidized forms. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the antiaromatic character of the 20π TADAPs and the aromatic character of the 18π TADAP dications, and it was observed that they displayed paratropic and diatropic ring-current effects, respectively, on the chemical shifts of methylene protons in the spatially separated alkyl chains. The degree of shielding and deshielding depended on the position of the methylene units; it decreased with increase in separation from the π-plane and central axis of the porphyrin ring. The NMR experiments also revealed that the degree of the diatropic ring currents was clearly related to the π-electron density of the porphyrin ring; the ring-current effects decreased as the charge increased from 0 to +2. These findings are also qualitatively supported by the nucleus-independent chemical shifts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Ochiai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, Nishigo-naka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Nakano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yu Z, Chen XM, Liu ZY, Wang M, Huang S, Yang H. A phase-dependent photoluminescent discotic liquid crystal bearing a graphdiyne substructure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:911-914. [PMID: 33393549 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05959e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, graphdiyne and its derivatives with fascinating electro-optic properties have attracted tremendous scientific attention. Here we design and synthesize a graphdiyne-derived discotic liquid crystal material by decorating six wedge-shaped 3,4,5-tris(dodecyloxy)benzoate groups on the fundamental structural unit of graphdiyne, the dehydrotribenzo[18]annulene core. This graphdiyne-derived liquid crystal material exhibits a cubic phase and a hexagonal columnar phase at varied temperatures. Most interestingly, this molecule displays a tunable phase-dependent photoluminescence behavior. Under the irradiation of 365 nm wavelength ultraviolet light, the luminescent material emits pale blue, green and azure light in the cubic, hexagonal columnar and isotropic phases respectively. This graphdiyne-derived discotic liquid crystal with excellent optical characteristics might have application potentials in organic optoelectronic functional materials and devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xu-Man Chen
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhi-Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuai Huang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Schwartzen A, Weddeling J, Langosch J, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. Chalice-Type Tridentate Silicon Lewis Acids of C 3 Symmetry in a Single Step Starting from Hexadehydrotribenzo[12]annulene. Chemistry 2021; 27:1821-1828. [PMID: 33058292 PMCID: PMC7898637 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tridentate Lewis acids with aligned functions were synthesized based on the rigid framework hexadehydrotribenzo[12]annulene. The backbone and its fluorinated analogue were synthesised in one-pot syntheses, with alkyne deprotection and Sonogashira cross coupling reaction being carried out in one step. Hydrosilylation of the annulene with chlorohydrosilanes proceeded highly selectively and afforded rigid poly-Lewis acids with three SiCl3 or SiCl2 Me substituents perfectly oriented to one side of the molecule in a single step. The progress of hydrosilylation was investigated by time-correlated NMR spectroscopic studies. The crystal structures show that the framework is symmetrically functionalised and the silyl substituents are aligned in one direction. To increase the acidity of the Lewis acids the chlorosilyl substituents were fluorinated with SbF3 . Further investigation of hydrometallation reactions (M=B, Al, Ga, Sn) did not lead to corresponding structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schwartzen
- Bielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | | | - Jana Langosch
- Bielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Bielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pascal S, David S, Andraud C, Maury O. Near-infrared dyes for two-photon absorption in the short-wavelength infrared: strategies towards optical power limiting. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6613-6658. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in the field of two-photon absorbing chromophores in the short-wavelength infrared spectral range (SWIR 1100–2500 nm) are summarized, highlighting the development of optical power limiting devices in this spectral range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pascal
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
| | - Sylvain David
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
| | - Chantal Andraud
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
| | - Olivier Maury
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Phenanthrylene–alkynylene macrocycles, phenanthrene-fused dicyclopenta[b,g]naphthalene, as well as relevant diradicaloids and antiaromatic compounds. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
41
|
Kroeger AA, Karton A. Perylene bisimide cyclophanes as receptors for planar transition structures – catalysis of stereoinversions by shape-complementarity and noncovalent π–π interactions. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00755f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Perylene bisimide cyclophanes, ideal receptors for planar aromatic compounds, act as π–π catalysts by stabilizing shape-complementary stereoinversion transition structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asja A. Kroeger
- School of Molecular Sciences
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Bergner J, Neiß C, Doloczki S, Görling A, Kivala M, Petrukhina MA. Reduction of π‐Expanded Cyclooctatetraene with Lithium: Stabilization of the Tetra‐Anion through Internal Li
+
Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christian Neiß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Chair of Organic Chemistry I Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Usuba J, Hayakawa M, Yamaguchi S, Fukazawa A. Dithieno[
a
,
e
]pentalenes: Highly Antiaromatic Yet Stable π‐Electron Systems without Bulky Substituents. Chemistry 2020; 27:1638-1647. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Usuba
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8501 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on, Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8501 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on, Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on, Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
| | - Aiko Fukazawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8501 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li Y, He J, Shen H. Journey from Small-Molecule Diyne Structures to 2D Graphdiyne: Synthetic Strategies. Chemistry 2020; 26:12310-12321. [PMID: 32496650 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY) exhibits unique characteristics of a highly conjugated π system, evenly distributed nanopores, and a direct band gap. This has encouraged multidisciplinary research groups to investigate its application in energy conversion and storage, catalysts, electronic devices, sensing, and separation. Herein, the achievements of synthetic strategies for preparing small-molecule diyne structures (GDY substructure), 1D nanoribbons, and 2D GDY are presented. These studies may help future investigations into the basic structure-related properties of GDY and synthetic methodology for the future developments of GDY-related 2D carbon materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Han Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhu K, Kamochi K, Kodama T, Tobisu M, Amaya T. Chiral cyclic [ n]spirobifluorenylenes: carbon nanorings consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods illustrating partial units of woven patterns. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9604-9610. [PMID: 34094226 PMCID: PMC8161682 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02452j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral cyclic [n]spirobifluorenylenes consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods, illustrating partial units of woven patterns, were designed and synthesized as a new family of carbon nanorings. The synthesis was accomplished by the Ni(0)-mediated Yamamoto-coupling of chiral spirobifluorene building blocks. The structures of the cyclic 3-, 4-, and 5-mers were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. These carbon nanorings exhibited a strong violet colored emission with high quantum yields in solution (95%, 93%, and 94% for 3-, 4-, and 5-mer, respectively). Other spectroscopic properties, including their chiroptical properties, were also investigated. The g-values for circularly polarized luminescence were found to be in the order of 10−3. Characteristic spiroconjugation induced by multiple (≧3) bifluorenyl units, for example the even-odd effect of the number of units in the matching of the signs of the orbitals, was also indicated by DFT calculations. Chiral cyclic [n]spirobifluorenylenes consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods, illustrating partial units of woven patterns, were designed and synthesized as a new family of carbon nanorings.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kosuke Kamochi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takuya Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhou Z, Fu L, Hu Y, Wang X, Wei Z, Narita A, Müllen K, Petrukhina MA. Compressing Double [7]Helicene by Successive Charging with Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15923-15927. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Lin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yunbin Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University 932 Lushan S Rd Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Akimutsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhou Z, Fu L, Hu Y, Wang X, Wei Z, Narita A, Müllen K, Petrukhina MA. Compressing Double [7]Helicene by Successive Charging with Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Lin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yunbin Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University 932 Lushan S Rd Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Akimutsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Haug WK, Wolfson ER, Morman BT, Thomas CM, McGrier PL. A Nickel-Doped Dehydrobenzoannulene-Based Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for the Reductive Cleavage of Inert Aryl C-S Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5521-5525. [PMID: 32163282 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of metalated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is useful for generating recyclable catalytic systems for practical applications. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of an azine-linked two-dimensional (2D) COF containing nickel-doped dehydrobenzoannulene (DBA) units. We demonstrate that Ni-DBA-2D-COF can be used to reductively cleave the aryl C-S bonds of several organosulfur compounds utilizing dimethylethylsilane as the reducing agent. The Ni-DBA-2D-COF catalytic system displays excellent recyclability and good yields. This work highlights a rare example of utilizing metalated DBA complexes to perform catalytic transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Karl Haug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Eric R Wolfson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Blake T Morman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christine M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Psaras L McGrier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
How do the Hückel and Baird Rules Fade away in Annulenes? Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030711. [PMID: 32045990 PMCID: PMC7037833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Two of the most popular rules to characterize the aromaticity of molecules are those due to Hückel and Baird, which govern the aromaticity of singlet and triplet states. In this work, we study how these rules fade away as the ring structure increases and an optimal overlap between p orbitals is no longer possible due to geometrical restrictions. To this end, we study the lowest-lying singlet and triplet states of neutral annulenes with an even number of carbon atoms between four and eighteen. First of all, we analyze these rules from the Hückel molecular orbital method and, afterwards, we perform a geometry optimization of the annulenes with several density functional approximations in order to analyze the effect that the distortions from planarity produce on the aromaticity of annulenes. Finally, we analyze the performance of three density functional approximations that employ different percentages of Hartree-Fock exchange (B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP and M06-2X) and Hartree-Fock. Our results reveal that functionals with a low percentage of Hartree-Fock exchange at long ranges suffer from severe delocalization errors that result in wrong geometrical structures and the overestimation of the aromatic character of annulenes.
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Aromaticity can be defined by the ability of a molecule to sustain a ring current when placed in a magnetic field. Hückel’s rule states that molecular rings with [4n+2] π-electrons are aromatic, with an induced magnetisation that opposes the external field inside the ring, whereas those with 4n π-electrons are antiaromatic, with the opposite magnetisation. This rule reliably predicts the behaviour of small molecules, typically with fewer than 22 π-electrons (n = 5). It is not clear whether aromaticity has a size limit, or whether Hückel’s rule extends to much larger macrocycles. Here, we present evidence for global aromaticity in porphyrin nanorings with circuits of up to 162 π-electrons (n = 40); aromaticity is controlled by changing the constitution, oxidation state and conformation. Whenever a ring current is observed, its direction is correctly predicted by Hückel’s rule. The largest ring currents occur when the porphyrins units have fractional oxidation states.
Collapse
|