1
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Cook R, Froehlich JE, Yang Y, Korkmaz I, Kramer DM, Benning C. Chloroplast phosphatases LPPγ and LPPε1 facilitate conversion of extraplastidic phospholipids to galactolipids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1506-1520. [PMID: 38401529 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Galactolipids comprise the majority of chloroplast membranes in plants, and their biosynthesis requires dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid at the chloroplast envelope membranes. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the lipid phosphate phosphatases LPPγ, LPPε1, and LPPε2 have been previously implicated in chloroplast lipid assembly, with LPPγ being essential, as null mutants were reported to exhibit embryo lethality. Here, we show that lppγ mutants are in fact viable and that LPPγ, LPPε1, and LPPε2 do not appear to have central roles in the plastid pathway of membrane lipid biosynthesis. Redundant LPPγ and LPPε1 activity at the outer envelope membrane is important for plant development, and the respective lppγ lppε1 double mutant exhibits reduced flux through the ER pathway of galactolipid synthesis. While LPPε2 is imported and associated with interior chloroplast membranes, its role remains elusive and does not include basal nor phosphate limitation-induced biosynthesis of glycolipids. The specific physiological roles of LPPγ, LPPε1, and LPPε2 are yet to be uncovered, as does the identity of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase required for plastid galactolipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Cook
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - John E Froehlich
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ilayda Korkmaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - David M Kramer
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Christoph Benning
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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2
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Karalis T, Poulogiannis G. The Emerging Role of LPA as an Oncometabolite. Cells 2024; 13:629. [PMID: 38607068 PMCID: PMC11011573 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid that displays potent signalling activities that are regulated in both an autocrine and paracrine manner. It can be found both extra- and intracellularly, where it interacts with different receptors to activate signalling pathways that regulate a plethora of cellular processes, including mitosis, proliferation and migration. LPA metabolism is complex, and its biosynthesis and catabolism are under tight control to ensure proper LPA levels in the body. In cancer patient specimens, LPA levels are frequently higher compared to those of healthy individuals and often correlate with poor responses and more aggressive disease. Accordingly, LPA, through promoting cancer cell migration and invasion, enhances the metastasis and dissemination of tumour cells. In this review, we summarise the role of LPA in the regulation of critical aspects of tumour biology and further discuss the available pre-clinical and clinical evidence regarding the feasibility and efficacy of targeting LPA metabolism for effective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Poulogiannis
- Signalling and Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK;
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3
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Kimura T, Kimura AK, Epand RM. Systematic crosstalk in plasmalogen and diacyl lipid biosynthesis for their differential yet concerted molecular functions in the cell. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101234. [PMID: 37169310 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmalogen is a major phospholipid of mammalian cell membranes. Recently it is becoming evident that the sn-1 vinyl-ether linkage in plasmalogen, contrasting to the ester linkage in the counterpart diacyl glycerophospholipid, yields differential molecular characteristics for these lipids especially related to hydrocarbon-chain order, so as to concertedly regulate biological membrane processes. A role played by NMR in gaining information in this respect, ranging from molecular to tissue levels, draws particular attention. We note here that a broad range of enzymes in de novo synthesis pathway of plasmalogen commonly constitute that of diacyl glycerophospholipid. This fact forms the basis for systematic crosstalk that not only controls a quantitative balance between these lipids, but also senses a defect causing loss of lipid in either pathway for compensation by increase of the counterpart lipid. However, this inherent counterbalancing mechanism paradoxically amplifies imbalance in differential effects of these lipids in a diseased state on membrane processes. While sharing of enzymes has been recognized, it is now possible to overview the crosstalk with growing information for specific enzymes involved. The overview provides a fundamental clue to consider cell and tissue type-dependent schemes in regulating membrane processes by plasmalogen and diacyl glycerophospholipid in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kimura
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
| | - Atsuko K Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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4
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Benesch MGK, Wu R, Tang X, Brindley DN, Ishikawa T, Takabe K. Decreased Lipid Phosphate Phosphatase 1/3 and Increased Lipid Phosphate Phosphatase 2 Expression in the Human Breast Cancer Tumor Microenvironment Promotes Tumor Progression and Immune System Evasion. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2299. [PMID: 37190226 PMCID: PMC10136837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The LPP family is comprised of three enzymes that dephosphorylate bioactive lipid phosphates both intracellularly and extracellularly. Pre-clinical breast cancer models have demonstrated that decreased LPP1/3 with increased LPP2 expression correlates to tumorigenesis. This though has not been well verified in human specimens. In this study, we correlate LPP expression data to clinical outcomes in over 5000 breast cancers from three independent cohorts (TCGA, METABRIC, and GSE96058), investigate biological function using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the xCell cell-type enrichment analysis, and confirm sources of LPP production in the tumor microenvironment (TME) using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) data. Decreased LPP1/3 and increased LPP2 expression correlated to increased tumor grade, proliferation, and tumor mutational burden (all p < 0.001), as well as worse overall survival (hazard ratios 1.3-1.5). Further, cytolytic activity was decreased, consistent with immune system invasion. GSEA data demonstrated multiple increased inflammatory signaling, survival, stemness, and cell signaling pathways with this phenotype across all three cohorts. scRNAseq and the xCell algorithm demonstrated that most tumor LPP1/3 was expressed by endothelial cells and tumor-associated fibroblasts and LPP2 by cancer cells (all p < 0.01). Restoring the balance in LPP expression levels, particularly through LPP2 inhibition, could represent novel adjuvant therapeutic options in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. K. Benesch
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (R.W.); (T.I.)
| | - Xiaoyun Tang
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.T.); (D.N.B.)
| | - David N. Brindley
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.T.); (D.N.B.)
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (R.W.); (T.I.)
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (R.W.); (T.I.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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5
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Liu HJ, Miao H, Yang JZ, Liu F, Cao G, Zhao YY. Deciphering the role of lipoproteins and lipid metabolic alterations in ageing and ageing-associated renal fibrosis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101861. [PMID: 36693450 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the ultimate pathological feature of many chronic diseases, and ageing a major risk factor for fibrotic diseases. Current therapies are limited to those that reduce the rate of functional decline in patients with mild to moderate disease, but few interventions are available to specifically target the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In this context, new treatments that can significantly improve survival time and quality of life for these patients are urgently needed. In this review, we outline both the synthesis and metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins associated with ageing-associated renal fibrosis and the prominent contribution of lipids and lipidomics in the discovery of biomarkers that can be used for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of renal ageing and fibrosis. Next, we describe the effect of dyslipidaemia on ageing-related renal fibrosis and the pathophysiological changes in the kidney caused by dyslipidaemia. We then summarize the enzymes, transporters, transcription factors, and RNAs that contribute to dysregulated lipid metabolism in renal fibrosis and discuss their role in renal fibrosis in detail. We conclude by discussing the progress in research on small molecule therapeutic agents that prevent and treat ageing and ageing-associated renal fibrosis by modulating lipid metabolism. A growing number of studies suggest that restoring aberrant lipid metabolism may be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy to combat ageing and ageing-associated renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Hua Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jun-Zheng Yang
- Guangdong Nephrotic Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Institute of Consun Co. for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, No. 71 Dongpeng Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 South of Panjiayuan, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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6
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Montané-Romero ME, Martínez-Silva AV, Poot-Hernández AC, Escalante-Alcalde D. Plpp3, a novel regulator of pluripotency exit and endodermal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Biol Open 2023; 12:285908. [PMID: 36504260 PMCID: PMC9867895 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, study of the actions of bioactive lipids such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has increased since they are involved in regulating many processes, including self-renewal of embryonic stem cells, embryo development and cancer. Phospholipid phosphatase type 3 (PLPP3) has been shown to be a key player in regulating the balance of these lipids and, in consequence, their signaling. Different lines of evidence suggest that PLPP3 could play a role in endoderm development. To approach this hypothesis, we used mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) as a model to study Plpp3 function in self-renewal and the transition towards differentiation. We found that lack of PLPP3 mainly affects endoderm formation during differentiation of suspension-formed embryoid bodies. PLPP3-deficient ESC strongly decrease the amount of FOXA2-expressing cells and fail to properly downregulate the expression of pluripotency factors when subjected to an endoderm-directed differentiation protocol. Impaired endoderm differentiation correlated with a transient reduction in nuclear localization of YAP1. These phenotypes were rescued by transiently restoring the expression of catalytically active hPLPP3. In conclusion, PLPP3 plays a role in downregulating pluripotency-associated factors and in endodermal differentiation. PLPP3 regulates proper lipid/YAP1 signaling required for endodermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E. Montané-Romero
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México
| | - Ana V. Martínez-Silva
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México
| | - Augusto C. Poot-Hernández
- Unidad de Bioinformática y Manejo de la Información, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México
| | - Diana Escalante-Alcalde
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México,Author for correspondence ()
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7
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Gao N, Zheng Q, Wang Y, Li X, Li Z, Xiao H. Wun2-mediated integrin recycling promotes apoptotic cell clearance in Drosophila melanogaster. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2545-2561. [PMID: 35840760 PMCID: PMC9751302 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cell (AC) clearance is a complex process in which phagocytes recognize, engulf, and digest ACs during organismal development and tissue homeostasis. Impaired efferocytosis results in developmental defects and autoimmune diseases. In the current study, we performed RNA-sequencing to systematically identify regulators involved in the phagocytosis of ACs by Drosophila melanogaster macrophage-like S2 cells, followed by targeted RNA interference screening. Wunen2 (Wun2), a homolog of mammalian lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP), was deemed as required for efferocytosis both in vitro and in vivo. However, efferocytosis was independent of Wun2 phosphatase activity. Proteomic analysis further revealed that Rab11 and its effector Rip11 are interaction partners of Wun2. Therefore, Wun2 collaborates with Rip11 and Rab11 to mediate efficient recycling of the phagocytic receptor βν integrin subunit to the plasma membrane. The loss of Wun2 results in the routing of βv integrin subunit (Itgbn) into lysosomes, leading to its degradation. The deficiency of βv integrin subunit on the cell surface leads to aberrant and disorganized actin cytoskeleton, thereby influencing the formation of macrophage pseudopodia toward ACs and thus failure to engulf them. The findings of this study provide insights that clarify how phagocytes coordinate AC signals and adopt a precise mechanism for the maintenance of engulfment receptors at their cell membrane surface to regulate efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanzhe Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China.
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8
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Yang Y, Chen L, Su G, Liu F, Zeng Q, Li R, Cha G, Liu C, Xing L, Ren X, Ding Y. Identification and expression analysis of the lipid phosphate phosphatases gene family reveal their involvement in abiotic stress response in kiwifruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:942937. [PMID: 36092394 PMCID: PMC9449726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.942937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) are a key enzyme in the production and degradation of phosphatidic acid (PA), which plays an important role in plant growth, development, stress resistance and plant hormone response. Thus far, little is known about the LPP family genes in kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.). According to this study, 7 members in the AcLPP family were identified from the whole genome of kiwifruit, the subcellular localization predictions were mainly on the plasma membrane. Chromosomal localization analysis showed that the AcLPP genes were unevenly distributed on 5 chromosomes, it was determined to have undergone strong purifying selection pressure. There were 5 duplicate gene pairs and all underwent segmental duplication events. The LPP genes of kiwifruit were conserved when compared with other plants, especially in terms of evolutionary relationships, conserved motifs, protein sequences, and gene structures. Cis-regulatory elements mainly included hormone response elements and abiotic response elements. Functional annotation of GO revealed that AcLPP genes were closely related to phosphatase/hydrolase activity, phosphorus metabolism and dephosphorylation. AcLPP genes family were predicted to be targets of miRNA. Transcript level analysis revealed that the AcLPP family played diverse functions in different tissues and during growth, development, and postharvest storage stages. qPCR analysis showed that the members of AcLPP gene family might be regulated by ETH, ABA, GA3, and IAA hormone signals. The family members were regulated by the stress of salt stress, osmotic stress, cold stress, and heat stress. These results would provide a basis and reference for studying the agricultural characteristics of kiwifruit and improving its stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Horticulture, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Gen Su
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Guili Cha
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Cuihua Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Libo Xing
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuduan Ding
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, China
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9
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Zakharova A, Albanaz ATS, Opperdoes FR, Škodová-Sveráková I, Zagirova D, Saura A, Chmelová L, Gerasimov ES, Leštinová T, Bečvář T, Sádlová J, Volf P, Lukeš J, Horváth A, Butenko A, Yurchenko V. Leishmania guyanensis M4147 as a new LRV1-bearing model parasite: Phosphatidate phosphatase 2-like protein controls cell cycle progression and intracellular lipid content. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010510. [PMID: 35749562 PMCID: PMC9232130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic vector-borne disease caused by the protistan flagellates of the genus Leishmania. Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis is one of the most common causative agents of the American tegumentary leishmaniasis. It has previously been shown that L. guyanensis strains that carry the endosymbiotic Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1) cause more severe form of the disease in a mouse model than those that do not. The presence of the virus was implicated into the parasite’s replication and spreading. In this respect, studying the molecular mechanisms of cellular control of viral infection is of great medical importance. Here, we report ~30.5 Mb high-quality genome assembly of the LRV1-positive L. guyanensis M4147. This strain was turned into a model by establishing the CRISPR-Cas9 system and ablating the gene encoding phosphatidate phosphatase 2-like (PAP2L) protein. The orthologue of this gene is conspicuously absent from the genome of an unusual member of the family Trypanosomatidae, Vickermania ingenoplastis, a species with mostly bi-flagellated cells. Our analysis of the PAP2L-null L. guyanensis showed an increase in the number of cells strikingly resembling the bi-flagellated V. ingenoplastis, likely as a result of the disruption of the cell cycle, significant accumulation of phosphatidic acid, and increased virulence compared to the wild type cells. Worldwide, over one million people are getting infected by the parasitic flagellates of the genus Leishmania annually leading to ~30,000 deaths. Notably, there is still no approved vaccine against human leishmaniases. A range of methods of forward and reverse genetics has recently been developed for several model Leishmania species. Unfortunately, these methods are often not transferrable to non-model species, which may be of even greater medical importance. Leishmania guyanensis is one of such cases. It frequently carries a symbiotic RNA virus that contributes to the development of a more aggressive form of leishmaniasis in an experimental murine model. In order to establish and optimize the system for genetic manipulations in L. guyanensis, we sequenced and annotated its genome. Next, we applied the CRISPR-Cas9 technology to target a gene of interest. This approach was validated by ablating a gene encoding a protein involved in lipid metabolism. In this work, we document that deletion of this gene leads to the disturbance of cell cycle and affects the ratio of critical intracellular lipids. We believe that our study will facilitate research into more effective treatment of leishmaniases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zakharova
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Amanda T. S. Albanaz
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Fred R. Opperdoes
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Škodová-Sveráková
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Diana Zagirova
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Andreu Saura
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lˇubomíra Chmelová
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Evgeny S. Gerasimov
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Leštinová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bečvář
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jovana Sádlová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Anton Horváth
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anzhelika Butenko
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Vyacheslav Yurchenko
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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10
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Su W, Raza A, Gao A, Zeng L, Lv Y, Ding X, Cheng Y, Zou X. Plant lipid phosphate phosphatases: current advances and future outlooks. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:384-392. [PMID: 35430946 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2032588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are widely distributed in various tissues of an organism, mainly in plant storage organs (e.g., fruits, seeds, etc.). Lipids are vital biological substances that are involved in: signal transduction, membrane biogenesis, energy storage, and the formation of transmembrane fat-soluble substances. Some lipids and related lipid derivatives could be changed in their: content, location, or physiological activity by the external environment, such as biotic or abiotic stresses. Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) play important roles in regulating intermediary lipid metabolism and cellular signal response. LPPs can dephosphorylate lipid phosphates containing phosphate monolipid bonds such as: phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and diacylglycerol pyrophosphate, etc. These processes can change the contents of some important lipid signal mediation such as diacylglycerol and LPA, affecting lipid signal transmission. Here, we summarize the research progress of LPPs in plants, emphasizing the structural and biochemical characteristics of LPPs and their role in spatio-temporal regulation. In the future, more in-depth studies are required to boost our understanding of the key role of plant LPPs and lipid metabolism in: signal regulation, stress tolerance pathway, and plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Su
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiling Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
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Metz C, Oyanadel C, Jung J, Retamal C, Cancino J, Barra J, Venegas J, Du G, Soza A, González A. Phosphatidic acid-PKA signaling regulates p38 and ERK1/2 functions in ligand-independent EGFR endocytosis. Traffic 2021; 22:345-361. [PMID: 34431177 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-independent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) endocytosis is inducible by a variety of stress conditions converging upon p38 kinase. A less known pathway involves phosphatidic acid (PA) signaling toward the activation of type 4 phosphodiesterases (PDE4) that decrease cAMP levels and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. This PA/PDE4/PKA pathway is triggered with propranolol used to inhibit PA hydrolysis and induces clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis, followed by reversible accumulation of EGFR in recycling endosomes. Here we give further evidence of this signaling pathway using biosensors of PA, cAMP, and PKA in live cells and then show that it activates p38 and ERK1/2 downstream the PKA inhibition. Clathrin-silencing and IN/SUR experiments involved the activity of p38 in the clathrin-dependent route, while ERK1/2 mediates clathrin-independent EGFR endocytosis. The PA/PDE4/PKA pathway selectively increases the EGFR endocytic rate without affecting LDLR and TfR constitute endocytosis. This selectiveness is probably because of EGFR phosphorylation, as detected in Th1046/1047 and Ser669 residues. The EGFR accumulates at perinuclear recycling endosomes colocalizing with TfR, fluorescent transferrin, and Rab11, while a small proportion distributes to Alix-endosomes. A non-selective recycling arrest includes LDLR and TfR in a reversible manner. The PA/PDE4/PKA pathway involving both p38 and ERK1/2 expands the possibilities of EGFR transmodulation and interference in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Metz
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Oyanadel
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Jung
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Retamal
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonathan Barra
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Venegas
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea Soza
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfonso González
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Su W, Raza A, Zeng L, Gao A, Lv Y, Ding X, Cheng Y, Zou X. Genome-wide analysis and expression patterns of lipid phospholipid phospholipase gene family in Brassica napus L. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:548. [PMID: 34273948 PMCID: PMC8286584 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPP) are critical for regulating the production and degradation of phosphatidic acid (PA), an essential signaling molecule under stress conditions. Thus far, the LPP family genes have not been reported in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). RESULTS In this study, a genome-wide analysis was carried out to identify LPP family genes in rapeseed that respond to different stress conditions. Eleven BnLPPs genes were identified in the rapeseed genome. Based on phylogenetic and synteny analysis, BnLPPs were classified into four groups (Group I-Group IV). Gene structure and conserved motif analysis showed that similar intron/exon and motifs patterns occur in the same group. By evaluating cis-elements in the promoters, we recognized six hormone- and seven stress-responsive elements. Further, six putative miRNAs were identified targeting three BnLPP genes. Gene ontology analysis disclosed that BnLPP genes were closely associated with phosphatase/hydrolase activity, membrane parts, phosphorus metabolic process, and dephosphorylation. The qRT-PCR based expression profiles of BnLPP genes varied in different tissues/organs. Likewise, several gene expression were significantly up-regulated under NaCl, PEG, cold, ABA, GA, IAA, and KT treatments. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to describe the comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the rapeseed LPP gene family. We identified different phytohormones and abiotic stress-associated genes that could help in enlightening the plant tolerance against phytohormones and abiotic stresses. The findings unlocked new gaps for the functional verification of the BnLPP gene family during stresses, leading to rapeseed improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Su
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ali Raza
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liu Zeng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiling Zou
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ministry of Agriculture, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Bhuyan F, de Jesus AA, Mitchell J, Leikina E, VanTries R, Herzog R, Onel KB, Oler A, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Johnson KA, Bichell L, Marrero B, De Castro LF, Huang Y, Calvo KR, Collins MT, Ganesan S, Chernomordik LV, Ferguson PJ, Goldbach-Mansky R. Novel Majeed Syndrome-Causing LPIN2 Mutations Link Bone Inflammation to Inflammatory M2 Macrophages and Accelerated Osteoclastogenesis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:1021-1032. [PMID: 33314777 PMCID: PMC8252456 DOI: 10.1002/art.41624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To identify novel heterozygous LPIN2 mutations in a patient with Majeed syndrome and characterize the pathomechanisms that lead to the development of sterile osteomyelitis. Methods Targeted genetic analysis and functional studies assessing monocyte responses, macrophage differentiation, and osteoclastogenesis were conducted to compare the pathogenesis of Majeed syndrome to interleukin‐1 (IL‐1)–mediated diseases including neonatal‐onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) and deficiency of the IL‐1 receptor antagonist (DIRA). Results A 4‐year‐old girl of mixed ethnic background presented with sterile osteomyelitis and elevated acute‐phase reactants. She had a 17.8‐kb deletion on the maternal LPIN2 allele and a splice site mutation, p.R517H, that variably spliced out exons 10 and 11 on the paternal LPIN2 allele. The patient achieved long‐lasting remission receiving IL‐1 blockade with canakinumab. Compared to controls, monocytes and monocyte‐derived M1‐like macrophages from the patient with Majeed syndrome and those with NOMID or DIRA had elevated caspase 1 activity and IL‐1β secretion. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated, monocyte‐derived, M2‐like macrophages from the patient with Majeed syndrome released higher levels of osteoclastogenic mediators (IL‐8, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor, CCL2, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α/β, CXCL8, and CXCL1) compared to NOMID patients and healthy controls. Accelerated osteoclastogenesis in the patient with Majeed syndrome was associated with higher NFATc1 levels, enhanced JNK/MAPK, and reduced Src kinase activation, and partially responded to JNK inhibition and IL‐1 (but not IL‐6) blockade. Conclusion We report 2 novel compound heterozygous disease‐causing mutations in LPIN2 in an American patient with Majeed syndrome. LPIN2 deficiency drives differentiation of proinflammatory M2‐like macrophages and enhances intrinsic osteoclastogenesis. This provides a model for the pathogenesis of sterile osteomyelitis which differentiates Majeed syndrome from other IL‐1–mediated autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Bhuyan
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adriana A de Jesus
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jacob Mitchell
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Evgenia Leikina
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel VanTries
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Andrew Oler
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Kim A Johnson
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lena Bichell
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bernadette Marrero
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Yan Huang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Michael T Collins
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leonid V Chernomordik
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Tang X, Brindley DN. Lipid Phosphate Phosphatases and Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091263. [PMID: 32887262 PMCID: PMC7564803 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) are a group of three enzymes (LPP1–3) that belong to a phospholipid phosphatase (PLPP) family. The LPPs dephosphorylate a wide spectrum of bioactive lipid phosphates, among which lysophosphatidate (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are two important extracellular signaling molecules. The LPPs are integral membrane proteins, which are localized on plasma membranes and intracellular membranes, including the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi network. LPPs regulate signaling transduction in cancer cells and demonstrate different effects in cancer progression through the breakdown of extracellular LPA and S1P and other intracellular substrates. This review is intended to summarize an up-to-date understanding about the functions of LPPs in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - David N. Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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15
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Role of Adipose Tissue-Derived Autotaxin, Lysophosphatidate Signaling, and Inflammation in the Progression and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165938. [PMID: 32824846 PMCID: PMC7460696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme that produces lysophosphatidate (LPA), which signals through six G-protein coupled receptors, promoting tumor growth, metastasis, and survival from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Many cancer cells produce ATX, but breast cancer cells express little ATX. In breast tumors, ATX is produced by tumor-associated stroma. Breast tumors are also surrounded by adipose tissue, which is a major bodily source of ATX. In mice, a high-fat diet increases adipocyte ATX production. ATX production in obesity is also increased because of low-level inflammation in the expanded adipose tissue. This increased ATX secretion and consequent LPA signaling is associated with decreased adiponectin production, which results in adverse metabolic profiles and glucose homeostasis. Increased ATX production by inflamed adipose tissue may explain the obesity-breast cancer association. Breast tumors produce inflammatory mediators that stimulate ATX transcription in tumor-adjacent adipose tissue. This drives a feedforward inflammatory cycle since increased LPA signaling increases production of more inflammatory mediators and cyclooxygenase-2. Inhibiting ATX activity, which has implications in breast cancer adjuvant treatments, attenuates this cycle. Targeting ATX activity and LPA signaling may potentially increase chemotherapy and radiotherapy efficacy, and decrease radiation-induced fibrosis morbidity independently of breast cancer type because most ATX is not derived from breast cancer cells.
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16
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Sudhadevi T, Ha AW, Ebenezer DL, Fu P, Putherickal V, Natarajan V, Harijith A. Advancements in understanding the role of lysophospholipids and their receptors in lung disorders including bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158685. [PMID: 32169655 PMCID: PMC7206974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a devastating chronic neonatal lung disease leading to serious adverse consequences. Nearly 15 million babies are born preterm accounting for >1 in 10 births globally. The aetiology of BPD is multifactorial and the survivors suffer lifelong respiratory morbidity. Lysophospholipids (LPL), which include sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) are both naturally occurring bioactive lipids involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as cell survival, death, proliferation, migration, immune responses and vascular development. Altered LPL levels have been observed in a number of lung diseases including BPD, which underscores the importance of these signalling lipids under normal and pathophysiological situations. Due to the paucity of information related to LPLs in BPD, most of the ideas related to BPD and LPL are speculative. This article is intended to promote discussion and generate hypotheses, in addition to the limited review of information related to BPD already established in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Sudhadevi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Alison W Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - David L Ebenezer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Vijay Putherickal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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17
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The roles of autotaxin/lysophosphatidic acid in immune regulation and asthma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158641. [PMID: 32004685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species are present in almost all organ systems and play diverse roles through its receptors. Asthma is an airway disease characterized by chronic allergic inflammation where various innate and adaptive immune cells participate in establishing Th2 immune response. Here, we will review the contribution of LPA and its receptors to the functions of immune cells that play a key role in establishing allergic airway inflammation and aggravation of allergic asthma.
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18
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Balboa MA, de Pablo N, Meana C, Balsinde J. The role of lipins in innate immunity and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1328-1337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Tang X, McMullen TP, Brindley DN. Increasing the low lipid phosphate phosphatase 1 activity in breast cancer cells decreases transcription by AP-1 and expressions of matrix metalloproteinases and cyclin D1/D3. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:6129-6142. [PMID: 31534541 PMCID: PMC6735510 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in breast cancer patients and lysophosphatidate (LPA) signaling promotes this process. LPA signaling is attenuated by lipid phosphate phosphatase-1 (LPP1) whose activity is decreased in cancers. Consequently, increasing LPP1 levels suppresses breast tumor growth and metastasis. This study shows that increasing LPP1 in breast cancer cells decreases transcription through cFos and cJun. This decreases production of cyclin D1/D3 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which provides new insights into the role of LPP1 in controlling tumor growth and metastasis. Methods: Invasiveness was determined by a Matrigel invasion assay. MMP expression was measured by qPCR, multiplex LASER bead technology and gelatin zymography. Levels of cJUN, cFOS, FRA1, cyclin D1, and cyclin D3 were determined by qPCR and western blotting. Collagen was determined by Picro-Sirius Red staining. Results: Increasing LPP1 expression inhibited invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through Matrigel. This was accompanied by decreases in expression of MMP-1, -3, -7, -9, -10, -12 and -13, which are transcriptionally regulated by the AP-1 complex. Increasing LPP1 attenuated the induction of mRNA of MMP-1, -3, cFOS, and cJUN by EGF or TNFα, but increased FRA1. LPP1 expression also decreased the induction of protein levels for cFOS and cJUN in nuclei and cytoplasmic fractions by EGF and TNFα. Protein levels of cyclin D1 and D3 were also decreased by LPP1. Although FRA1 in total cell lysates or cytoplasm was increased by LPP1, nuclear FRA1 was not affected. LPP1-induced decreases in MMPs in mouse tumors created with MDA-MB-231 cells were accompanied by increased collagen in the tumors and fewer lung metastases. Knockdown of LPP1 in MDA-MB-231 cells increased the protein levels of MMP-1 and -3. Human breast tumors also have lower levels of LPP1 and higher levels of cJUN, cFOS, MMP-1, -7, -8, -9, -12, -13, cyclin D1, and cyclin D3 relative to normal breast tissue. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the low LPP1 expression in breast cancer cells is associated with high levels of cyclin D1/D3 and MMPs as a result of increased transcription by cFOS and cJUN. Increasing LPP1 expression provides a novel approach for decreasing transcription through AP-1, which could provide a strategy for decreasing tumor growth and metastasis.
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20
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Lee JH, Kim D, Oh YS, Jun HS. Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112850. [PMID: 31212704 PMCID: PMC6600156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid present in most tissues and body fluids. LPA acts through specific LPA receptors (LPAR1 to LPAR6) coupled with G protein. LPA binds to receptors and activates multiple cellular signaling pathways, subsequently exerting various biological functions, such as cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. LPA also induces cell damage through complex overlapping pathways, including the generation of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines, and fibrosis. Several reports indicate that the LPA–LPAR axis plays an important role in various diseases, including kidney disease, lung fibrosis, and cancer. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common diabetic complications and the main risk factor for chronic kidney diseases, which mostly progress to end-stage renal disease. There is also growing evidence indicating that the LPA–LPAR axis also plays an important role in inducing pathological alterations of cell structure and function in the kidneys. In this review, we will discuss key mediators or signaling pathways activated by LPA and summarize recent research findings associated with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Han Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Donghee Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Yoon Sin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea.
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medical and Convergence Institute, Incheon 21565, Korea.
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21
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Wu X, Ma Y, Su N, Shen J, Zhang H, Wang H. Lysophosphatidic acid: Its role in bone cell biology and potential for use in bone regeneration. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 143:106335. [PMID: 31054330 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a simple phospholipid that exerts pleiotropic effects on numerous cell types by activating its family of cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and participates in many biological processes, including organismal development, wound healing, and carcinogenesis. Bone cells, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts play essential roles in bone homeostasis and repair. Previous studies have identified the presence of specific LPA receptors in these bone cells. In recent years, an increasing number of cellular effects of LPA, such as the induction of cell proliferation, survival, migration, differentiation and cytokine secretion, have been found in different bone cells. Moreover, some biomaterials containing LPA have shown the ability to enhance osteogenesis. This review will focus on findings associated with LPA functions in these bone cells and present current studies related to the application of LPA in bone regenerative medicine. Further understanding this information will help us develop better strategies for bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Naichuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiefei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE NAD+ and NADP+ are important cosubstrates in redox reactions and participate in regulatory networks operating in adjustment of metabolic pathways. Moreover, NAD+ is a cosubstrate in post-translational modification of proteins and is involved in DNA repair. NADPH is indispensable for reductive syntheses and the redox chemistry involved in attaining and maintaining correct protein conformation. Recent Advances: Within a couple of decades, a wealth of information has been gathered on NAD(H)+/NADP(H) redox imaging, regulatory role of redox potential in assembly of spatial protein structures, and the role of ADP-ribosylation of regulatory proteins affecting both gene expression and metabolism. All these have a bearing also on disease, healthy aging, and longevity. CRITICAL ISSUES Knowledge of the signal propagation pathways of NAD+-dependent post-translational modifications is still fragmentary for explaining the mechanism of cellular stress effects and nutritional state on these actions. Evaluation of the cosubstrate and regulator roles of NAD(H) and NADP(H) still suffers from some controversies in experimental data. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Activating or inhibiting interventions in NAD+-dependent protein modifications for medical purposes has shown promise, but restraining tumor growth by inhibiting DNA repair in tumors by means of interference in sirtuins is still in the early stage. The same is true for the use of this technology in improving health and healthy aging. New genetically encoded specific NAD and NADP probes are expected to modernize the research on redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilmo E Hassinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Proliferative Glioblastoma Cancer Cells Exhibit Persisting Temporal Control of Metabolism and Display Differential Temporal Drug Susceptibility in Chemotherapy. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1276-1292. [PMID: 29881948 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Even in immortalized cell lines, circadian clocks regulate physiological processes in a time-dependent manner, driving transcriptional and metabolic rhythms, the latter being able to persist without transcription. Circadian rhythm disruptions in modern life (shiftwork, jetlag, etc.) may lead to higher cancer risk. Here, we investigated whether the human glioblastoma T98G cells maintained quiescent or under proliferation keep a functional clock and whether cells display differential time responses to bortezomib chemotherapy. In arrested cultures, mRNAs for clock (Per1, Rev-erbα) and glycerophospholipid (GPL)-synthesizing enzyme genes, 32P-GPL labeling, and enzyme activities exhibited circadian rhythmicity; oscillations were also found in the redox state/peroxiredoxin oxidation. In proliferating cells, rhythms of gene expression were lost or their periodicity shortened whereas the redox and GPL metabolisms continued to fluctuate with a similar periodicity as under arrest. Cell viability significantly changed over time after bortezomib treatment; however, this rhythmicity and the redox cycles were altered after Bmal1 knock-down, indicating cross-talk between the transcriptional and the metabolic oscillators. An intrinsic metabolic clock continues to function in proliferating cells, controlling diverse metabolisms and highlighting differential states of tumor suitability for more efficient, time-dependent chemotherapy when the redox state is high and GPL metabolism low.
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Autotaxin-Lysophosphatidic Acid: From Inflammation to Cancer Development. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:9173090. [PMID: 29430083 PMCID: PMC5753009 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9173090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a ubiquitous lysophospholipid and one of the main membrane-derived lipid signaling molecules. LPA acts as an autocrine/paracrine messenger through at least six G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), known as LPA1–6, to induce various cellular processes including wound healing, differentiation, proliferation, migration, and survival. LPA receptors and autotaxin (ATX), a secreted phosphodiesterase that produces this phospholipid, are overexpressed in many cancers and impact several features of the disease, including cancer-related inflammation, development, and progression. Many ongoing studies aim to understand ATX-LPA axis signaling in cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target. In this review, we discuss the evidence linking LPA signaling to cancer-related inflammation and its impact on cancer progression.
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25
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Pelosi M, Testet E, Le Lay S, Dugail I, Tang X, Mabilleau G, Hamel Y, Madrange M, Blanc T, Odent T, McMullen TPW, Alfò M, Brindley DN, de Lonlay P. Normal human adipose tissue functions and differentiation in patients with biallelic LPIN1 inactivating mutations. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:2348-2364. [PMID: 28986436 PMCID: PMC5711497 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p075440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipin-1 is a Mg2+-dependent phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) that in mice is necessary for normal glycerolipid biosynthesis, controlling adipocyte metabolism, and adipogenic differentiation. Mice carrying inactivating mutations in the Lpin1 gene display the characteristic features of human familial lipodystrophy. Very little is known about the roles of lipin-1 in human adipocyte physiology. Apparently, fat distribution and weight is normal in humans carrying LPIN1 inactivating mutations, but a detailed analysis of adipose tissue appearance and functions in these patients has not been available so far. In this study, we performed a systematic histopathological, biochemical, and gene expression analysis of adipose tissue biopsies from human patients harboring LPIN1 biallelic inactivating mutations and affected by recurrent episodes of severe rhabdomyolysis. We also explored the adipogenic differentiation potential of human mesenchymal cell populations derived from lipin-1 defective patients. White adipose tissue from human LPIN1 mutant patients displayed a dramatic decrease in lipin-1 protein levels and PAP activity, with a concomitant moderate reduction of adipocyte size. Nevertheless, the adipose tissue develops without obvious histological signs of lipodystrophy and with normal qualitative composition of storage lipids. The increased expression of key adipogenic determinants such as SREBP1, PPARG, and PGC1A shows that specific compensatory phenomena can be activated in vivo in human adipocytes with deficiency of functional lipin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pelosi
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Institut Imagine des Maladies Génétiques, Laboratoire de génétique des maladies autoinflammatoires monogéniques, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes et Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades (Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
| | - Eric Testet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire-UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Soazig Le Lay
- INSERM, UMR1063, Université d'Angers, UBL, Angers, France
| | - Isabelle Dugail
- INSERM, U1166, Equipe 6, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Xiaoyun Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Signal Transduction Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Yamina Hamel
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Institut Imagine des Maladies Génétiques, Laboratoire de génétique des maladies autoinflammatoires monogéniques, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes et Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades (Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
| | - Marine Madrange
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Institut Imagine des Maladies Génétiques, Laboratoire de génétique des maladies autoinflammatoires monogéniques, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes et Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades (Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
| | - Thomas Blanc
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Odent
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Todd P W McMullen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marco Alfò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - David N Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, Signal Transduction Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pascale de Lonlay
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Institut Imagine des Maladies Génétiques, Laboratoire de génétique des maladies autoinflammatoires monogéniques, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes et Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades (Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
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Taddeo EP, Hargett SR, Lahiri S, Nelson ME, Liao JA, Li C, Slack-Davis JK, Tomsig JL, Lynch KR, Yan Z, Harris TE, Hoehn KL. Lysophosphatidic acid counteracts glucagon-induced hepatocyte glucose production via STAT3. Sci Rep 2017; 7:127. [PMID: 28273928 PMCID: PMC5428006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic glucose production (HGP) is required to maintain normoglycemia during fasting. Glucagon is the primary hormone responsible for increasing HGP; however, there are many additional hormone and metabolic factors that influence glucagon sensitivity. In this study we report that the bioactive lipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) regulates hepatocyte glucose production by antagonizing glucagon-induced expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). Treatment of primary hepatocytes with exogenous LPA blunted glucagon-induced PEPCK expression and glucose production. Similarly, knockout mice lacking the LPA-degrading enzyme phospholipid phosphate phosphatase type 1 (PLPP1) had a 2-fold increase in endogenous LPA levels, reduced PEPCK levels during fasting, and decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis in response to a pyruvate challenge. Mechanistically, LPA antagonized glucagon-mediated inhibition of STAT3, a transcriptional repressor of PEPCK. Importantly, LPA did not blunt glucagon-stimulated glucose production or PEPCK expression in hepatocytes lacking STAT3. These data identify a novel role for PLPP1 activity and hepatocyte LPA levels in glucagon sensitivity via a mechanism involving STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Taddeo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Sujoy Lahiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Marin E Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jason A Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Chien Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jill K Slack-Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jose L Tomsig
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Kevin R Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Tang X, Wang X, Zhao YY, Curtis JM, Brindley DN. Doxycycline attenuates breast cancer related inflammation by decreasing plasma lysophosphatidate concentrations and inhibiting NF-κB activation. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:36. [PMID: 28178994 PMCID: PMC5299726 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously discovered that tetracyclines increase the expression of lipid phosphate phosphatases at the surface of cells. These enzymes degrade circulating lysophosphatidate and therefore doxycycline increases the turnover of plasma lysophosphatidate and decreases its concentration. Extracellular lysophosphatidate signals through six G protein-coupled receptors and it is a potent promoter of tumor growth, metastasis and chemo-resistance. These effects depend partly on the stimulation of inflammation that lysophosphatidate produces. Methods In this work, we used a syngeneic orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer to determine the impact of doxycycline on circulating lysophosphatidate concentrations and tumor growth. Cytokine/chemokine concentrations in tumor tissue and plasma were measured by multiplexing laser bead technology. Leukocyte infiltration in tumors was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of IL-6 in breast cancer cell lines was determined by RT-PCR. Cell growth was measured in Matrigel™ 3D culture. The effects of doxycycline on NF-κB-dependent signaling were analyzed by Western blotting. Results Doxycycline decreased plasma lysophosphatidate concentrations, delayed tumor growth and decreased the concentrations of several cytokines/chemokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-9, CCL2, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL9, G-CSF, LIF, VEGF) in the tumor. These results were compatible with the effects of doxycycline in decreasing the numbers of F4/80+ macrophages and CD31+ blood vessel endothelial cells in the tumor. Doxycycline also decreased the lysophosphatidate-induced growth of breast cancer cells in three-dimensional culture. Lysophosphatidate-induced Ki-67 expression was inhibited by doxycycline. NF-κB activity in HEK293 cells transiently expressing a NF-κB-luciferase reporter vectors was also inhibited by doxycycline. Treatment of breast cancer cells with doxycycline also decreased the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus and the mRNA levels for IL-6 in the presence or absence of lysophosphatidate. Conclusion These results contribute a new dimension for understanding the anti-inflammatory effects of tetracyclines, which make them potential candidates for adjuvant therapy of cancers and other inflammatory diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0607-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Signal Transduction Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Xianyan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Signal Transduction Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Yuan Y Zhao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, 3-60D South Academic Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Curtis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, 3-60D South Academic Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, Signal Transduction Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, 357 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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Lordén G, Sanjuán-García I, de Pablo N, Meana C, Alvarez-Miguel I, Pérez-García MT, Pelegrín P, Balsinde J, Balboa MA. Lipin-2 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome by affecting P2X7 receptor activation. J Exp Med 2016; 214:511-528. [PMID: 28031477 PMCID: PMC5294860 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lordén et al. show that the phosphatidic acid phosphatase lipin-2 is a key regulator of the cellular machinery that generates IL-1β in macrophages. This work provides a molecular explanation for the development of the autoinflammatory disease known as Majeed syndrome. Mutations in human LPIN2 produce a disease known as Majeed syndrome, the clinical manifestations of which are ameliorated by strategies that block IL-1β or its receptor. However the role of lipin-2 during IL-1β production remains elusive. We show here that lipin-2 controls excessive IL-1β formation in primary human and mouse macrophages by several mechanisms, including activation of the inflammasome NLRP3. Lipin-2 regulates MAPK activation, which mediates synthesis of pro–IL-1β during inflammasome priming. Lipin-2 also inhibits the activation and sensitization of the purinergic receptor P2X7 and K+ efflux, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein with a CARD domain oligomerization, and caspase-1 processing, key events during inflammasome activation. Reduced levels of lipin-2 in macrophages lead to a decrease in cellular cholesterol levels. In fact, restoration of cholesterol concentrations in cells lacking lipin-2 decreases ion currents through the P2X7 receptor, and downstream events that drive IL-1β production. Furthermore, lipin-2–deficient mice exhibit increased sensitivity to high lipopolysaccharide doses. Collectively, our results unveil lipin-2 as a critical player in the negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Lordén
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Sanjuán-García
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nagore de Pablo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Meana
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Alvarez-Miguel
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Pérez-García
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Murcia Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Balboa
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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29
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Kim J, Lee YJ, Kim JM, Lee SY, Bae MA, Ahn JH, Han DC, Kwon BM. PPARγ agonists induce adipocyte differentiation by modulating the expression of Lipin-1, which acts as a PPARγ phosphatase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:57-66. [PMID: 27780754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PPARγ agonists induced obesity in animal models as a side effect. Microarray experiments reveal that PPARγ agonist upregulates the expression of lipin-1 and this upregulation is correlated with the activity of the agonists. Lipin-1 induced by PPARγ agonists decreased the levels of PPARγ and ERK1/2 phosphorylation through direct interaction with these proteins in 3T3-L1 cells. In PPARγ agonist-treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, the knockdown of lipin-1 expression by small interfering RNA inhibited the adipogenesis that was induced by PPARγ agonists. In contrast, PPARγ2 expression was increased, and lipid droplets were accumulated in lipin-1-overexpressing 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Rosiglitazone (RGZ), a strong PPARγ agonist, synergistically promoted PPARγ dephosphorylation and adipogenesis in lipin-1-overexpressing 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Therefore, lipin-1 has dual functions as a transcriptional cofactor and phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) in the differentiation of preadipocyte cells induced by strong PPARγ agonists. In addition, the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells was markedly upregulated by diacylglycerol (DAG), which was produced by lipin-1. Therefore, lipin-1 induction by PPARγ agonists might be an important factor in understanding the biological mechanism of the agonists' adverse effects, and this information may be valuable in the development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) therapeutics with reduced adverse effects and greater tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kim
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology in Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ae Bae
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Cho Han
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology in Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Mog Kwon
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology in Korea, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Tang X, Zhao YY, Dewald J, Curtis JM, Brindley DN. Tetracyclines increase lipid phosphate phosphatase expression on plasma membranes and turnover of plasma lysophosphatidate. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:597-606. [PMID: 26884614 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m065086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular lysophosphatidate and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are important bioactive lipids, which signal through G-protein-coupled receptors to stimulate cell growth and survival. The lysophosphatidate and S1P signals are terminated partly by degradation through three broad-specificity lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) on the cell surface. Significantly, the expression of LPP1 and LPP3 is decreased in many cancers, and this increases the impact of lysophosphatidate and S1P signaling. However, relatively little is known about the physiological or pharmacological regulation of the expression of the different LPPs. We now show that treating several malignant and nonmalignant cell lines with 1 μg/ml tetracycline, doxycycline, or minocycline significantly increased the extracellular degradation of lysophosphatidate. S1P degradation was also increased in cells that expressed high LPP3 activity. These results depended on an increase in the stabilities of the three LPPs and increased expression on the plasma membrane. We tested the physiological significance of these results and showed that treating rats with doxycycline accelerated the clearance of lysophosphatidate, but not S1P, from the circulation. However, administering 100 mg/kg/day doxycycline to mice decreased plasma concentrations of lysophosphatidate and S1P. This study demonstrates a completely new property of tetracyclines in increasing the plasma membrane expression of the LPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Tang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yuan Y Zhao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jay Dewald
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Curtis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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31
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Benesch MGK, Tang X, Venkatraman G, Bekele RT, Brindley DN. Recent advances in targeting the autotaxin-lysophosphatidate-lipid phosphate phosphatase axis in vivo. J Biomed Res 2015; 30:272-84. [PMID: 27533936 PMCID: PMC4946318 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.30.20150058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular lysophosphatidate (LPA) is a potent bioactive lipid that signals through six G-protein-coupled receptors. This signaling is required for embryogenesis, tissue repair and remodeling processes. LPA is produced from circulating lysophosphatidylcholine by autotaxin (ATX), and is degraded outside cells by a family of three enzymes called the lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs). In many pathological conditions, particularly in cancers, LPA concentrations are increased due to high ATX expression and low LPP activity. In cancers, LPA signaling drives tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy and decreased efficacy of radiotherapy. Hence, targeting the ATX-LPA-LPP axis is an attractive strategy for introducing novel adjuvant therapeutic options. In this review, we will summarize current progress in targeting the ATX-LPA-LPP axis with inhibitors of autotaxin activity, LPA receptor antagonists, LPA monoclonal antibodies, and increasing low LPP expression. Some of these agents are already in clinical trials and have applications beyond cancer, including chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G K Benesch
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Xiaoyun Tang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Raie T Bekele
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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Rhabdomyolysis-Associated Mutations in Human LPIN1 Lead to Loss of Phosphatidic Acid Phosphohydrolase Activity. JIMD Rep 2015; 23:113-22. [PMID: 25967228 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2015_440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is an acute syndrome due to extensive injury of skeletal muscle. Recurrent rhabdomyolysis is often caused by inborn errors in intermediary metabolism, and recent work has suggested that mutations in the human gene encoding lipin 1 (LPIN1) may be a common cause of recurrent rhabdomyolysis in children. Lipin 1 dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid to form diacylglycerol (phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase; PAP) and acts as a transcriptional regulatory protein to control metabolic gene expression. Herein, a 3-year-old boy with severe recurrent rhabdomyolysis was determined to be a compound heterozygote for a novel c.1904T>C (p.Leu635Pro) substitution and a previously reported genomic deletion of exons 18-19 (E766-S838_del) in LPIN1. Western blotting with patient muscle biopsy lysates demonstrated a marked reduction in lipin 1 protein, while immunohistochemical staining for lipin 1 showed abnormal subcellular localization. We cloned cDNAs to express recombinant lipin 1 proteins harboring pathogenic mutations and showed that the E766-S838_del allele was not expressed at the RNA or protein level. Lipin 1 p.Leu635Pro was expressed, but the protein was less stable, was aggregated in the cytosol, and was targeted for proteosomal degradation. Another pathogenic single amino acid substitution, lipin 1 p.Arg725His, was well expressed and retained its transcriptional regulatory function. However, both p.Leu635Pro and p.Arg725His proteins were found to be deficient in PAP activity. Kinetic analyses demonstrated a loss of catalysis rather than diminished substrate binding. These data suggest that loss of lipin 1-mediated PAP activity may be involved in the pathogenesis of rhabdomyolysis in lipin 1 deficiency.
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Benesch MGK, Zhao YY, Curtis JM, McMullen TPW, Brindley DN. Regulation of autotaxin expression and secretion by lysophosphatidate and sphingosine 1-phosphate. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1134-44. [PMID: 25896349 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m057661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme, which produces extracellular lysophosphatidate (LPA) from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). LPA activates six G protein-coupled receptors and this is essential for vasculogenesis during embryonic development. ATX is also involved in wound healing and inflammation, and in tumor growth, metastasis, and chemo-resistance. It is, therefore, important to understand how ATX is regulated. It was proposed that ATX activity is inhibited by its product LPA, or a related lipid called sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). We now show that this apparent inhibition is ineffective at the high concentrations of LPC that occur in vivo. Instead, feedback regulation by LPA and S1P is mediated by inhibition of ATX expression resulting from phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activation. Inhibiting ATX activity in mice with ONO-8430506 severely decreased plasma LPA concentrations and increased ATX mRNA in adipose tissue, which is a major site of ATX production. Consequently, the amount of inhibitor-bound ATX protein in the plasma increased. We, therefore, demonstrate the concept that accumulation of LPA in the circulation decreases ATX production. However, this feedback regulation can be overcome by the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α or interleukin 1β. This enables high LPA and ATX levels to coexist in inflammatory conditions. The results are discussed in terms of ATX regulation in wound healing and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G K Benesch
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yuan Y Zhao
- Departments of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Curtis
- Departments of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - David N Brindley
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Tang X, Benesch MGK, Brindley DN. Lipid phosphate phosphatases and their roles in mammalian physiology and pathology. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2048-60. [PMID: 25814022 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r058362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) are a group of enzymes that belong to a phosphatase/phosphotransferase family. Mammalian LPPs consist of three isoforms: LPP1, LPP2, and LPP3. They share highly conserved catalytic domains and catalyze the dephosphorylation of a variety of lipid phosphates, including phosphatidate, lysophosphatidate (LPA), sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), ceramide 1-phosphate, and diacylglycerol pyrophosphate. LPPs are integral membrane proteins, which are localized on plasma membranes with the active site on the outer leaflet. This enables the LPPs to degrade extracellular LPA and S1P, thereby attenuating their effects on the activation of surface receptors. LPP3 also exhibits noncatalytic effects at the cell surface. LPP expression on internal membranes, such as endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, facilitates the metabolism of internal lipid phosphates, presumably on the luminal surface of these organelles. This action probably explains the signaling effects of the LPPs, which occur downstream of receptor activation. The three isoforms of LPPs show distinct and nonredundant effects in several physiological and pathological processes including embryo development, vascular function, and tumor progression. This review is intended to present an up-to-date understanding of the physiological and pathological consequences of changing the activities of the different LPPs, especially in relation to cell signaling by LPA and S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Tang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Matthew G K Benesch
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
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Navab M, Chattopadhyay A, Hough G, Meriwether D, Fogelman SI, Wagner AC, Grijalva V, Su F, Anantharamaiah GM, Hwang LH, Faull KF, Reddy ST, Fogelman AM. Source and role of intestinally derived lysophosphatidic acid in dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:871-87. [PMID: 25646365 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m056614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that i) a Western diet increased levels of unsaturated lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in small intestine and plasma of LDL receptor null (LDLR(-/-)) mice, and ii) supplementing standard mouse chow with unsaturated (but not saturated) LPA produced dyslipidemia and inflammation. Here we report that supplementing chow with unsaturated (but not saturated) LPA resulted in aortic atherosclerosis, which was ameliorated by adding transgenic 6F tomatoes. Supplementing chow with lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) 18:1 (but not LysoPC 18:0) resulted in dyslipidemia similar to that seen on adding LPA 18:1 to chow. PF8380 (a specific inhibitor of autotaxin) significantly ameliorated the LysoPC 18:1-induced dyslipidemia. Supplementing chow with LysoPC 18:1 dramatically increased the levels of unsaturated LPA species in small intestine, liver, and plasma, and the increase was significantly ameliorated by PF8380 indicating that the conversion of LysoPC 18:1 to LPA 18:1 was autotaxin dependent. Adding LysoPC 18:0 to chow increased levels of LPA 18:0 in small intestine, liver, and plasma but was not altered by PF8380 indicating that conversion of LysoPC 18:0 to LPA 18:0 was autotaxin independent. We conclude that i) intestinally derived unsaturated (but not saturated) LPA can cause atherosclerosis in LDLR(-/-) mice, and ii) autotaxin mediates the conversion of unsaturated (but not saturated) LysoPC to LPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Navab
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Arnab Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Greg Hough
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - David Meriwether
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736 Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Spencer I Fogelman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Alan C Wagner
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Victor Grijalva
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Feng Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - G M Anantharamaiah
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Lin H Hwang
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Kym F Faull
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736 Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736 Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736
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Meana C, Peña L, Lordén G, Esquinas E, Guijas C, Valdearcos M, Balsinde J, Balboa MA. Lipin-1 integrates lipid synthesis with proinflammatory responses during TLR activation in macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4614-22. [PMID: 25252959 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipin-1 is a Mg(2+)-dependent phosphatidic acid phosphatase involved in the de novo synthesis of phospholipids and triglycerides. Using macrophages from lipin-1-deficient animals and human macrophages deficient in the enzyme, we show in this work that this phosphatase acts as a proinflammatory mediator during TLR signaling and during the development of in vivo inflammatory processes. After TLR4 stimulation lipin-1-deficient macrophages showed a decreased production of diacylglycerol and activation of MAPKs and AP-1. Consequently, the generation of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, or enzymes like inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase 2, was reduced. In addition, animals lacking lipin-1 had a faster recovery from endotoxin administration concomitant with a reduced production of harmful molecules in spleen and liver. These findings demonstrate an unanticipated role for lipin-1 as a mediator of macrophage proinflammatory activation and support a critical link between lipid biosynthesis and systemic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Meana
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Peña
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Lordén
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Esquinas
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; and
| | - Carlos Guijas
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Valdearcos
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; and
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Balboa
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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37
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Tang X, Benesch MGK, Dewald J, Zhao YY, Patwardhan N, Santos WL, Curtis JM, McMullen TPW, Brindley DN. Lipid phosphate phosphatase-1 expression in cancer cells attenuates tumor growth and metastasis in mice. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:2389-400. [PMID: 25210149 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m053462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid phosphate phosphatase-1 (LPP1) degrades lysophosphatidate (LPA) and attenuates receptor-mediated signaling. LPP1 expression is low in many cancer cells and tumors compared with normal tissues. It was hypothesized from studies with cultured cells that increasing LPP1 activity would decrease tumor growth and metastasis. This hypothesis has never been tested in vivo. To do this, we inducibly expressed LPP1 or a catalytically inactive mutant in cancer cells. Expressing active LPP1 increased extracellular LPA degradation by 5-fold. It also decreased the stimulation of Ca(2+) transients by LPA, a nondephosphorylatable LPA1/2 receptor agonist and a protease-activated receptor-1 peptide. The latter results demonstrate that LPP1 has effects downstream of receptor activation. Decreased Ca(2+) mobilization and Rho activation contributed to the effects of LPP1 in attenuating the LPA-induced migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and their growth in 3D culture. Increasing LPP1 expression in breast and thyroid cancer cells decreased tumor growth and the metastasis by up to 80% compared with expression of inactive LPP1 or green fluorescent protein in syngeneic and xenograft mouse models. The present work demonstrates for the first time that increasing the LPP1 activity in three lines of aggressive cancer cells decreases their abilities to produce tumors and metastases in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Tang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Matthew G K Benesch
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jay Dewald
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Yuan Y Zhao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | | | | | - Jonathan M Curtis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Todd P W McMullen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
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38
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Gorné LD, Acosta-Rodríguez VA, Pasquaré SJ, Salvador GA, Giusto NM, Guido ME. The mouse liver displays daily rhythms in the metabolism of phospholipids and in the activity of lipid synthesizing enzymes. Chronobiol Int 2014; 32:11-26. [PMID: 25140391 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2014.949734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system involves central and peripheral oscillators regulating temporally biochemical processes including lipid metabolism; their disruption leads to severe metabolic diseases (obesity, diabetes, etc). Here, we investigated the temporal regulation of glycerophospholipid (GPL) synthesis in mouse liver, a well-known peripheral oscillator. Mice were synchronized to a 12:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle and then released to constant darkness with food ad libitum. Livers collected at different times exhibited a daily rhythmicity in some individual GPL content with highest levels during the subjective day. The activity of GPL-synthesizing/remodeling enzymes: phosphatidate phosphohydrolase 1 (PAP-1/lipin) and lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) also displayed significant variations, with higher levels during the subjective day and at dusk. We evaluated the temporal regulation of expression and activity of phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesizing enzymes. PC is mainly synthesized through the Kennedy pathway with Choline Kinase (ChoK) as a key regulatory enzyme or through the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) N-methyltransferase (PEMT) pathway. The PC/PE content ratio exhibited a daily variation with lowest levels at night, while ChoKα and PEMT mRNA expression displayed maximal levels at nocturnal phases. Our results demonstrate that mouse liver GPL metabolism oscillates rhythmically with a precise temporal control in the expression and/or activity of specific enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D Gorné
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina and
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39
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Shaughnessy R, Retamal C, Oyanadel C, Norambuena A, López A, Bravo-Zehnder M, Montecino FJ, Metz C, Soza A, González A. Epidermal growth factor receptor endocytic traffic perturbation by phosphatidate phosphohydrolase inhibition: new strategy against cancer. FEBS J 2014; 281:2172-89. [PMID: 24597955 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exaggerated (oncogenic) function is currently targeted in cancer treatment with drugs that block receptor ligand binding or tyrosine kinase activity. Because endocytic trafficking is a crucial regulator of EGFR function, its pharmacological perturbation might provide a new anti-tumoral strategy. Inhibition of phosphatidic acid (PA) phosphohydrolase (PAP) activity has been shown to trigger PA signaling towards type 4 phosphodiesterase (PDE4) activation and protein kinase A inhibition, leading to internalization of empty/inactive EGFR. Here, we used propranolol, its l- and d- isomers and desipramine as PAP inhibitors to further explore the effects of PAP inhibition on EGFR endocytic trafficking and its consequences on EGFR-dependent cancer cell line models. PAP inhibition not only made EGFR inaccessible to stimuli but also prolonged the signaling lifetime of ligand-activated EGFR in recycling endosomes. Strikingly, such endocytic perturbations applied in acute/intermittent PAP inhibitor treatments selectively impaired cell proliferation/viability sustained by an exaggerated EGFR function. Phospholipase D inhibition with FIPI (5-fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide) and PDE4 inhibition with rolipram abrogated both the anti-tumoral and endocytic effects of PAP inhibition. Prolonged treatments with a low concentration of PAP inhibitors, although without detectable endocytic effects, still counteracted cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and decreased anchorage-independent growth of cells bearing EGFR oncogenic influences. Overall, our results show that PAP inhibitors can counteract EGFR oncogenic traits, including receptor overexpression or activating mutations resistant to current tyrosine kinase inhibitors, perturbing EGFR endocytic trafficking and perhaps other as yet unknown processes, depending on treatment conditions. This puts PAP activity forward as a new suitable target against EGFR-driven malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Shaughnessy
- Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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40
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Yung YC, Stoddard NC, Chun J. LPA receptor signaling: pharmacology, physiology, and pathophysiology. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1192-214. [PMID: 24643338 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r046458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small ubiquitous lipid found in vertebrate and nonvertebrate organisms that mediates diverse biological actions and demonstrates medicinal relevance. LPA's functional roles are driven by extracellular signaling through at least six 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are named LPA1-6 and signal through numerous effector pathways activated by heterotrimeric G proteins, including Gi/o, G12/13, Gq, and Gs LPA receptor-mediated effects have been described in numerous cell types and model systems, both in vitro and in vivo, through gain- and loss-of-function studies. These studies have revealed physiological and pathophysiological influences on virtually every organ system and developmental stage of an organism. These include the nervous, cardiovascular, reproductive, and pulmonary systems. Disturbances in normal LPA signaling may contribute to a range of diseases, including neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, pain, cardiovascular disease, bone disorders, fibrosis, cancer, infertility, and obesity. These studies underscore the potential of LPA receptor subtypes and related signaling mechanisms to provide novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun C Yung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Nicole C Stoddard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Kok BPC, Skene-Arnold TD, Ling J, Benesch MGK, Dewald J, Harris TE, Holmes CFB, Brindley DN. Conserved residues in the N terminus of lipin-1 are required for binding to protein phosphatase-1c, nuclear translocation, and phosphatidate phosphatase activity. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10876-10886. [PMID: 24558042 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.552612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipin-1 is a phosphatidate phosphatase in glycerolipid biosynthesis and signal transduction. It also serves as a transcriptional co-regulator to control lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. These functions are controlled partly by its subcellular distribution. Hyperphosphorylated lipin-1 remains sequestered in the cytosol, whereas hypophosphorylated lipin-1 translocates to the endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus. The serine/threonine protein phosphatase-1 catalytic subunit (PP-1c) is a major protein dephosphorylation enzyme. Its activity is controlled by interactions with different regulatory proteins, many of which contain conserved RVXF binding motifs. We found that lipin-1 binds to PP-1cγ through a similar HVRF binding motif. This interaction depends on Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) and is competitively inhibited by (R/H)VXF-containing peptides. Mutating the HVRF motif in the highly conserved N terminus of lipin-1 greatly decreases PP-1cγ interaction. Moreover, mutations of other residues in the N terminus of lipin-1 also modulate PP-1cγ binding. PP-1cγ binds poorly to a phosphomimetic mutant of lipin-1 and binds well to the non-phosphorylatable lipin-1 mutant. This indicates that lipin-1 is dephosphorylated before PP-1cγ binds to its HVRF motif. Importantly, mutating the HVRF motif also abrogates the nuclear translocation and phosphatidate phosphatase activity of lipin-1. In conclusion, we provide novel evidence of the importance of the lipin-1 N-terminal domain for its catalytic activity, nuclear localization, and binding to PP-1cγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard P C Kok
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Tamara D Skene-Arnold
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Ji Ling
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Matthew G K Benesch
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jay Dewald
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesvillle, Virginia 22908
| | - Charles F B Holmes
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada.
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42
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Autotaxin in the crosshairs: taking aim at cancer and other inflammatory conditions. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2712-27. [PMID: 24560789 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autotaxin is a secreted enzyme that produces most of the extracellular lysophosphatidate from lysophosphatidylcholine, the most abundant phospholipid in blood plasma. Lysophosphatidate mediates many physiological and pathological processes by signaling through at least six G-protein coupled receptors to promote cell survival, proliferation and migration. The autotaxin/lysophosphatidate signaling axis is involved in wound healing and tissue remodeling, and it drives many chronic inflammatory conditions from fibrosis to colitis, asthma and cancer. In cancer, lysophosphatidate signaling promotes resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and increases both angiogenesis and metastasis. Research into autotaxin inhibitors is accelerating, both as primary and adjuvant therapy. Historically, autotaxin inhibitors had poor bioavailability profiles and thus had limited efficacy in vivo. This situation is now changing, especially since the recent crystal structure of autotaxin is now enabling rational inhibitor design. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge on autotaxin-mediated disease processes including cancer, and discuss recent advancements in the development of autotaxin-targeting strategies. We will also provide new insights into autotaxin as an inflammatory mediator in the tumor microenvironment that promotes cancer progression and therapy resistance.
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43
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Kok BPC, Dyck JRB, Harris TE, Brindley DN. Differential regulation of the expressions of the PGC-1α splice variants, lipins, and PPARα in heart compared to liver. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1662-1677. [PMID: 23505321 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m036624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) are crucial transcriptional regulators for genes involved in FA oxidation. Lipin-1 is essential for this increased capacity for β-oxidation in fasted livers, and it is also a phosphatidate phosphatase involved in triacylglycerol and phospholipid synthesis. Little is known about the regulation of these proteins in the heart during fasting, where there is increased FA esterification and oxidation. Lipin-1, lipin-2, lipin-3, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1b (Cpt1b), and PGC-1α-b mRNA were increased by glucocorticoids and cAMP in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. However, Cpt1b upregulation was caused by increased PPARα activation rather than expression. By contrast, the effects of PPARα in fasted livers are mediated through increased expression. During fasting, the expressions of PGC-1α-b and PGC-1α-c are increased in mouse hearts, and this is explained by increased cAMP-dependent signaling. By contrast, PGC-1α-a expression is increased in liver. Contrary to our expectations, lipin-1 expression was decreased and lipin-2 remained unchanged in hearts compared with increases in fasted livers. Our results identify novel differences in the regulation of lipins, PPARα, and PGC-1α splice variants during fasting in heart versus liver, even though the ultimate outcome in both tissues is to increase FA turnover and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard P C Kok
- Signal Transduction Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Department of Biochemistry, and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David N Brindley
- Signal Transduction Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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44
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Wang YX, Guo DS, Cao Y, Liu Y. Phosphatase-responsive amphiphilic calixarene assembly. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40453f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Brindley DN, Lin FT, Tigyi GJ. Role of the autotaxin-lysophosphatidate axis in cancer resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1831:74-85. [PMID: 22954454 PMCID: PMC3584168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
High expression of autotaxin in cancers is often associated with increased tumor progression, angiogenesis and metastasis. This is explained mainly since autotaxin produces the lipid growth factor, lysophosphatidate (LPA), which stimulates cell division, survival and migration. It has recently become evident that these signaling effects of LPA also produce resistance to chemotherapy and radiation-induced cell death. This results especially from the stimulation of LPA(2) receptors, which depletes the cell of Siva-1, a pro-apoptotic signaling protein and stimulates prosurvival kinase pathways through a mechanism mediated via TRIP-6. LPA signaling also increases the formation of sphingosine 1-phosphate, a pro-survival lipid. At the same time, LPA decreases the accumulation of ceramides, which are used in radiation therapy and by many chemotherapeutic agents to stimulate apoptosis. The signaling actions of extracellular LPA are terminated by its dephosphorylation by a family of lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPP) that act as ecto-enzymes. In addition, lipid phosphate phoshatase-1 attenuates signaling downstream of the activation of both LPA receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. This makes many cancer cells hypersensitive to the action of various growth factors since they often express low LPP1/3 activity. Increasing our understanding of the complicated signaling pathways that are used by LPA to stimulate cell survival should identify new therapeutic targets that can be exploited to increase the efficacy of chemo- and radio-therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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