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Ning Y, Li B, Liu Y, Lu Y, Huang X, Liu B. Nanomotor-Driven Targeting Chimeras as Accelerators for the Degradation of Extracellular Proteins. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2405209. [PMID: 39268797 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is emerging as a therapeutic paradigm and a serviceable research tool in chemical biology and disease treatment. However, without driving sources, most targeting chimeras (TACs) lack the capability of self-diffusion and active searching in biological environments, which significantly impedes degradation efficiency. Herein, nanomotor-driven targeting chimeras (MotorTACs) are ingeniously designed to achieve effective internalization and degradation of extracellular platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a driver to cancer invasion and metastasis. Catalyzed by endogenous H2O2, MotorTACs diffused rapidly and searched actively in living cells, as visualized at the single-particle level under the dark-field mode. Hydrolysis efficiency is significantly enhanced as target protein degradation is complete in only 4 h. Furthermore, MotorTACs-mediated degradation of PDGF is found to be via the lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome dual-degradation pathways. Taking advantage of the properties, it is anticipated that MotorTACs provide a unique strategy against extracellular undruggable proteins, thus advancing the development of therapeutic interventions in chemical biology and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Ning
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xuedong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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2
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Gao Y, Ou L, Liu K, Guo Y, Li W, Xiong Z, Wu C, Wang J, Tang J, Li D. Template-Guided Silicon Micromotor Assembly for Enhanced Cell Manipulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405895. [PMID: 38660927 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Light-driven micro/nanorobots (LMNRs) are tiny, untethered machines with great potential in fields like precision medicine, nano manufacturing, and various other domains. However, their practicality hinges on developing light-manipulation strategies that combine versatile functionalities, flexible design options, and precise controllability. Our study introduces an innovative approach to construct micro/nanorobots (MNRs) by utilizing micro/nanomotors as fundamental building blocks. Inspired by silicon Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) solar cell principles, we design a new type of optomagnetic hybrid micromotors (OHMs). These OHMs have been skillfully optimized with integrated magnetic constituent, resulting in efficient light propulsion, precise magnetic navigation, and the potential for controlled assembly. One of the key features of the OHMs is their ability to exhibit diverse motion modes influenced by fracture surfaces and interactions with the environment, streamlining cargo conveyance along "micro expressway"-the predesigned microchannels. Further enhancing their versatility, a template-guided assembly strategy facilitates the assembly of these micromotors into functional microrobots, encompassing various configurations such as "V-shaped", "N-shaped", and 3D structured microrobots. The heightened capabilities of these microrobots, underscore the innovative potential inherent in hybrid micromotor design and assembly, which provides a foundational platform for the realization of multi-component microrobots. Our work moves a step toward forthcoming microrobotic entities boasting advanced functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Leyan Ou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Kunfeng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Guo
- The Third People's Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Wanyuan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ze Xiong
- Wireless and Smart Bioelectronics Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Changjin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jizhuang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jinyao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
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Yazdan Parast F, Veeraragavan S, Gaikwad AS, Powar S, Prabhakar R, O'Bryan MK, Nosrati R. Viscous Loading Regulates the Flagellar Energetics of Human and Bull Sperm. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300928. [PMID: 38135876 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The viscoelastic properties of the female reproductive tract influence sperm swimming behavior, but the exact role of these rheological changes in regulating sperm energetics remains unknown. Using high-speed dark-field microscopy, the flagellar dynamics of free-swimming sperm across a physiologically relevant range of viscosities is resolved. A transition from 3D to 2D slither swimming under an increased viscous loading is revealed, in the absence of any geometrical or chemical stimuli. This transition is species-specific, aligning with viscosity variations within each species' reproductive tract. Despite substantial drag increase, 2D slithering sperm maintain a steady swimming speed across a wide viscosity range (20-250 and 75-1000 mPa s for bull and human sperm) by dissipating over sixfold more energy into the fluid without elevating metabolic activity, potentially by altering the mechanisms of dynein motor activity. This energy-efficient motility mode is ideally suited for the viscous environment of the female reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farin Yazdan Parast
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Shibani Veeraragavan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Avinash S Gaikwad
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Sushant Powar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Ranganathan Prabhakar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Reza Nosrati
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Shukla AK, Bhandari S, Mitra S, Kim B, Dey KK. Buoyancy-Driven Micro/-Nanomotors: From Fundamentals to Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308580. [PMID: 38225699 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The progression of self-powered micro/-nanomotors (MNMs) has rapidly evolved over the past few decades, showing applications in various fields such as nanotechnology, biomedical engineering, microfluidics, environmental science, and energy harvesting. Miniaturized MNMs transduce chemical/biochemical energies into mechanical motion for navigating through complex fluidic environments with directional control via external forces fields such as magnetic, photonic, and electric stimuli. Among various propulsion mechanisms, buoyancy-driven MNMs have received noteworthy recognition due to their simplicity, efficiency, and versatility. Buoyancy force-driven motors harness the principles of density variation-mediated force to overcome fluidic resistance to navigate through complex environments. Restricting the propulsion in one direction helps to control directional movement, making it more efficient in isotropic solutions. The changes in pH, ionic strength, chemical concentration, solute gradients, or the presence of specific molecules can influence the motion of buoyancy-driven MNMs as evidenced by earlier reports. This review aims to provide a fundamental and detailed analysis of the current state-of-the-art in buoyancy-driven MNMs, aiming to inspire further research and innovation in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Shukla
- Laboratory of Soft and Living Materials, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31253, Republic of Korea
| | - Satyapriya Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry, Kandi Raj College, University of Kalyani, Murshidabad, Kandi, West Bengal, 742137, India
| | - Shirsendu Mitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
| | - Byungki Kim
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31253, Republic of Korea
- Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31253, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishna Kanti Dey
- Laboratory of Soft and Living Materials, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
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Shen J, Chen J, Qian Y, Wang X, Wang D, Pan H, Wang Y. Atomic Engineering of Single-Atom Nanozymes for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313406. [PMID: 38319004 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) showcase not only uniformly dispersed active sites but also meticulously engineered coordination structures. These intricate architectures bestow upon them an exceptional catalytic prowess, thereby captivating numerous minds and heralding a new era of possibilities in the biomedical landscape. Tuning the microstructure of SAzymes on the atomic scale is a key factor in designing targeted SAzymes with desirable functions. This review first discusses and summarizes three strategies for designing SAzymes and their impact on reactivity in biocatalysis. The effects of choices of carrier, different synthesis methods, coordination modulation of first/second shell, and the type and number of metal active centers on the enzyme-like catalytic activity are unraveled. Next, a first attempt is made to summarize the biological applications of SAzymes in tumor therapy, biosensing, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and other biological applications from different mechanisms. Finally, how SAzymes are designed and regulated for further realization of diverse biological applications is reviewed and prospected. It is envisaged that the comprehensive review presented within this exegesis will furnish novel perspectives and profound revelations regarding the biomedical applications of SAzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yuping Qian
- Center of Digital Dentistry/Department of Prosthodontics, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongge Pan
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Center of Digital Dentistry/Department of Prosthodontics, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
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6
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Mayorga-Martinez CC, Zhang L, Pumera M. Chemical multiscale robotics for bacterial biofilm treatment. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2284-2299. [PMID: 38324331 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00564j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
A biofilm constitutes a bacterial community encased in a sticky matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. These intricate microbial communities adhere to various host surfaces such as hard and soft tissues as well as indwelling medical devices. These microbial aggregates form a robust matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), leading to the majority of human infections. Such infections tend to exhibit high resistance to treatment, often progressing into chronic states. The matrix of EPS protects bacteria from a hostile environment and prevents the penetration of antibacterial agents. Modern robots at nano, micro, and millimeter scales are highly attractive candidates for biomedical applications due to their diverse functionalities, such as navigating in confined spaces and targeted multitasking. In this tutorial review, we describe key milestones in the strategies developed for the removal and eradication of biofilms using robots of different sizes and shapes. It can be seen that robots at different scales are useful and effective tools for treating bacterial biofilms, thus preventing persistent infections, the loss of costly implanted medical devices, and additional costs associated with hospitalization and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Advanced Nanorobots & Multicale Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava 70800, Czech Republic.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Martin Pumera
- Advanced Nanorobots & Multicale Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava 70800, Czech Republic.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno, CZ-616 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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7
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Glahn-Martínez B, Jurado-Sánchez B, Benito-Peña E, Escarpa A, Moreno-Bondi MC. Magnetic Janus micromotors for fluorescence biosensing of tacrolimus in oral fluids. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 244:115796. [PMID: 37922810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Tacrolimus (FK506) is a macrolide lactone immunosuppressive drug that is commonly used in transplanted patients to avoid organ rejection. FK506 exhibits high inter- and intra-patient pharmacokinetic variability, making monitoring necessary for organ graft survival. This work describes the development of a novel bioassay for monitoring FK506. The bioassay is based on using polycaprolactone-based (PCL) magnetic Janus micromotors and a recombinant chimera receptor that incorporates the immunophilin tacrolimus binding protein 1A (FKBP1A) tagged with Emerald Green Fluorescent Protein (EmGFP). The approach relies on a fluorescence competitive bioassay between the drug and the micromotors decorated with a carboxylated FK506 toward the specific site of the fluorescent immunophilin. The proposed homogeneous assay could be performed in a single step without washing steps to separate the unbound receptor. The proposed approach fits the therapeutic requirements, showing a limit of detection of 0.8 ng/mL and a wide dynamic range of up to 90 ng/mL. Assay selectivity was evaluated by measuring the competitive inhibition curves with other immunosuppressive drugs usually co-administered with FK506. The magnetic propulsion mechanism allows for efficient operation in raw samples without damaging the biological binding receptor (FKBP1A-EmGFP). The enhanced target recognition and micromixing strategies hold considerable potential for FK506 monitoring in practical clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Glahn-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Jurado-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain; Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. del Rio", University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, E28805, Spain.
| | - Elena Benito-Peña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain; Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. del Rio", University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, E28805, Spain.
| | - María C Moreno-Bondi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Saito K, Ichiyanagi K, Fukaya R, Haruki R, Nozawa S, Sasaki D, Arai T, Sasaki YC, McGehee K, Saikawa M, Gao M, Wei Z, Kwaria D, Norikane Y. Visualization of the Dynamics of Photoinduced Crawling Motion of 4-(Methylamino)Azobenzene Crystals via Diffracted X-ray Tracking. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17462. [PMID: 38139291 PMCID: PMC10744157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The photoinduced crawling motion of crystals is a continuous motion that azobenzene molecular crystals exhibit under light irradiation. Such motion enables object manipulation at the microscale with a simple setup of fixed LED light sources. Transportation of nano-/micromaterials using photoinduced crawling motion has recently been reported. However, the details of the motion mechanism have not been revealed so far. Herein, we report visualization of the dynamics of fine particles in 4-(methylamino)azobenzene (4-MAAB) crystals under light irradiation via diffracted X-ray tracking (DXT). Continuously repeated melting and recrystallization of 4-MAAB crystals under light irradiation results in the flow of liquid 4-MAAB. Zinc oxide (ZnO) particles were introduced inside the 4-MAAB crystals to detect diffracted X-rays. The ZnO particles rotate with the flow of liquid 4-MAAB. By using white X-rays with a wide energy width, the rotation of each zinc oxide nanoparticle was detected as the movement of a bright spot in the X-ray diffraction pattern. It was clearly shown that the ZnO particles rotated increasingly as the irradiation light intensity increased. Furthermore, we also found anisotropy in the rotational direction of ZnO particles that occurred during the crawling motion of 4-MAAB crystals. It has become clear that the flow perpendicular to the supporting film of 4-MAAB crystals is enhanced inside the crystal during the crawling motion. DXT provides a unique means to elucidate the mechanism of photoinduced crawling motion of crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Saito
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan; (D.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Kouhei Ichiyanagi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo 679-5198, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukaya
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Ibaraki, Japan; (R.F.); (R.H.); (S.N.)
| | - Rie Haruki
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Ibaraki, Japan; (R.F.); (R.H.); (S.N.)
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Ibaraki, Japan; (R.F.); (R.H.); (S.N.)
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Chiba, Japan (T.A.); (Y.C.S.)
| | - Tatsuya Arai
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Chiba, Japan (T.A.); (Y.C.S.)
| | - Yuji C. Sasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Chiba, Japan (T.A.); (Y.C.S.)
| | - Keegan McGehee
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Saikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Minghao Gao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Zhichao Wei
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Dennis Kwaria
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan; (D.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan; (D.K.); (Y.N.)
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Ibaraki, Japan
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9
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Ganguly S, Margel S. Fabrication and Applications of Magnetic Polymer Composites for Soft Robotics. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2173. [PMID: 38138344 PMCID: PMC10745923 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of magnetic polymer composites has had a transformative impact on the field of soft robotics. This overview will examine the various methods by which innovative materials can be synthesized and utilized. The advancement of soft robotic systems has been significantly enhanced by the utilization of magnetic polymer composites, which amalgamate the pliability of polymers with the reactivity of magnetic materials. This study extensively examines the production methodologies involved in dispersing magnetic particles within polymer matrices and controlling their spatial distribution. The objective is to gain insights into the strategies required to attain the desired mechanical and magnetic properties. Additionally, this study delves into the potential applications of these composites in the field of soft robotics, encompassing various devices such as soft actuators, grippers, and wearable gadgets. The study emphasizes the transformative capabilities of magnetic polymer composites, which offer a novel framework for the advancement of biocompatible, versatile soft robotic systems that utilize magnetic actuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Shlomo Margel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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10
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Shivalkar S, Roy A, Chaudhary S, Samanta SK, Chowdhary P, Sahoo AK. Strategies in design of self-propelling hybrid micro/nanobots for bioengineering applications. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:062003. [PMID: 37703889 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acf975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanobots are integrated devices developed from engineered nanomaterials that have evolved significantly over the past decades. They can potentially be pre-programmed to operate robustly at numerous hard-to-reach organ/tissues/cellular sites for multiple bioengineering applications such as early disease diagnosis, precision surgeries, targeted drug delivery, cancer therapeutics, bio-imaging, biomolecules isolation, detoxification, bio-sensing, and clearing up clogged arteries with high soaring effectiveness and minimal exhaustion of power. Several techniques have been introduced in recent years to develop programmable, biocompatible, and energy-efficient micro/nanobots. Therefore, the primary focus of most of these techniques is to develop hybrid micro/nanobots that are an optimized combination of purely synthetic or biodegradable bots suitable for the execution of user-defined tasks more precisely and efficiently. Recent progress has been illustrated here as an overview of a few of the achievable construction principles to be used to make biomedical micro/nanobots and explores the pivotal ventures of nanotechnology-moderated development of catalytic autonomous bots. Furthermore, it is also foregrounding their advancement offering an insight into the recent trends and subsequent prospects, opportunities, and challenges involved in the accomplishments of the effective multifarious bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shivalkar
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Anwesha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shrutika Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Sintu Kumar Samanta
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Pallabi Chowdhary
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amaresh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
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11
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Bronte Ciriza D, Callegari A, Donato MG, Çiçek B, Magazzù A, Kasianiuk I, Kasyanyuk D, Schmidt F, Foti A, Gucciardi PG, Volpe G, Lanza M, Biancofiore L, Maragò OM. Optically Driven Janus Microengine with Full Orbital Motion Control. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:3223-3232. [PMID: 37743937 PMCID: PMC10515694 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Microengines have shown promise for a variety of applications in nanotechnology, microfluidics, and nanomedicine, including targeted drug delivery, microscale pumping, and environmental remediation. However, achieving precise control over their dynamics remains a significant challenge. In this study, we introduce a microengine that exploits both optical and thermal effects to achieve a high degree of controllability. We find that in the presence of a strongly focused light beam, a gold-silica Janus particle becomes confined at the stationary point where the optical and thermal forces balance. By using circularly polarized light, we can transfer angular momentum to the particle, breaking the symmetry between the two forces and resulting in a tangential force that drives directed orbital motion. We can simultaneously control the velocity and direction of rotation of the particle changing the ellipticity of the incoming light beam while tuning the radius of the orbit with laser power. Our experimental results are validated using a geometrical optics phenomenological model that considers the optical force, the absorption of optical power, and the resulting heating of the particle. The demonstrated enhanced flexibility in the control of microengines opens up new possibilities for their utilization in a wide range of applications, including microscale transport, sensing, and actuation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnese Callegari
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Berk Çiçek
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, TR-06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alessandro Magazzù
- CNR-IPCF,
Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, I-98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Iryna Kasianiuk
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, TR-06800, Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials
Science & Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Denis Kasyanyuk
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, TR-06800, Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials
Science & Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Falko Schmidt
- Nanophotonic
Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonino Foti
- CNR-IPCF,
Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, I-98158, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Volpe
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maurizio Lanza
- CNR-IPCF,
Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, I-98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Biancofiore
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, TR-06800, Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials
Science & Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onofrio M. Maragò
- CNR-IPCF,
Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, I-98158, Messina, Italy
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12
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Achouri K, Chung M, Kiselev A, Martin OJF. Multipolar Pseudochirality-Induced Optical Torque. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:3275-3282. [PMID: 37743946 PMCID: PMC10515695 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been observed that achiral nanoparticles, such as flat helices, may be subjected to an optical torque even when illuminated by normally incident linearly polarized light. However, the origin of this fascinating phenomenon has so far remained mostly unexplained. We therefore propose an exhaustive discussion that provides a clear and rigorous explanation for the existence of such a torque. Using multipolar theory and taking into account nonlocal interactions, we find that this torque stems from multipolar pseudochiral responses that generate both spin and orbital angular momenta. We also show that the nature of these peculiar responses makes them particularly dependent on the asymmetry of the particles. By elucidating the origin of this type of torque, this work may prove instrumental for the design of high-performance nano-rotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Achouri
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Institute of Electrical and Microengineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mintae Chung
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Institute of Electrical and Microengineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Kiselev
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Institute of Electrical and Microengineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier J. F. Martin
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Institute of Electrical and Microengineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Yang S, Li M, Li C, Yan L, Li Q, Gong Q, Li Y. Droplet-Driven Self-Propelled Devices Fabricated by a Femtosecond Laser. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37469253 PMCID: PMC10401497 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Self-propelled autonomous devices have broad application prospects in energy conservation, environmental protection, and biomedical engineering. Nevertheless, the driving force always consumes external energy or special chemicals. Here, a novel and green droplet-driven device (DDD) consisting of superhydrophilic triangles on a superhydrophobic plate is processed only by a femtosecond laser. The water droplet flows into water along the superhydrophilic channel and forms a jet to provide driving force for the DDD, whose strength can be manipulated by changing the point angle of the triangle and the volume of the droplet. By fabricating multiple or special channels, the DDD can translate and rotate along the designed track and even carry objects. This provides a new route for the fabrication of green self-propelled autonomous devices and their applications in the fields of intelligent systems and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Linyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, China
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14
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Jiang H, He X, Yang M, Hu C. Visible Light-Driven Micromotors in Fuel-Free Environment with Promoted Ion Tolerance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1827. [PMID: 37368257 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven electrophoretic micromotors have gained significant attention recently for applications in drug delivery, targeted therapy, biosensing, and environmental remediation. Micromotors that possess good biocompatibility and the ability to adapt to complex external environments are particularly attractive. In this study, we have fabricated visible light-driven micromotors that could swim in an environment with relatively high salinity. To achieve this, we first tuned the energy bandgap of rutile TiO2 that was hydrothermally synthesized, enabling it to generate photogenerated electron-hole pairs under visible light rather than solely under UV. Next, platinum nanoparticles and polyaniline were decorated onto the surface of TiO2 microspheres to facilitate the micromotors swimming in ion-rich environments. Our micromotors exhibited electrophoretic swimming in NaCl solutions with concentrations as high as 0.1 M, achieving a velocity of 0.47 μm/s without the need for additional chemical fuels. The micromotors' propulsion was generated solely by splitting water under visible light illumination, therefore offering several advantages over traditional micromotors, such as biocompatibility and the ability to operate in environments with high ionic strength. These results demonstrated high biocompatibility of photophoretic micromotors and high potential for practical applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaide Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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15
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Mayorga-Martinez CC, Zelenka J, Klima K, Kubanova M, Ruml T, Pumera M. Multimodal-Driven Magnetic Microrobots with Enhanced Bactericidal Activity for Biofilm Eradication and Removal from Titanium Mesh. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300191. [PMID: 36995927 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Modern micro/nanorobots can perform multiple tasks for biomedical and environmental applications. Particularly, magnetic microrobots can be completely controlled by a rotating magnetic field and their motion powered and controlled without the use of toxic fuels, which makes them most promising for biomedical application. Moreover, they are able to form swarms, allowing them to perform specific tasks at a larger scale than a single microrobot. In this work, they developed magnetic microrobots composed of halloysite nanotubes as backbone and iron oxide (Fe3 O4 ) nanoparticles as magnetic material allowing magnetic propulsion and covered these with polyethylenimine to load ampicillin and prevent the microrobots from disassembling. These microrobots exhibit multimodal motion as single robots as well as in swarms. In addition, they can transform from tumbling to spinning motion and vice-versa, and when in swarm mode they can change their motion from vortex to ribbon and back again. Finally, the vortex motion mode is used to penetrate and disrupt the extracellular matrix of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm colonized on titanium mesh used for bone restoration, which improves the effect of the antibiotic's activity. Such magnetic microrobots for biofilm removal from medical implants could reduce implant rejection and improve patients' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Zelenka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Klima
- Department of Stomatology - Maxillofacial Surgery, General Teaching Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kubanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and, Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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16
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Huang D, Wang J, Song C, Zhao Y. Ultrasound-responsive matters for biomedical applications. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100421. [PMID: 37192908 PMCID: PMC10182333 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is a biofavorable mechanical wave that has shown practical significance in biomedical fields. Due to the cavitation effect, sonoluminescence, sonoporation, pyrolysis, and other biophysical and chemical effects, a wide range of matters have been elucidated to be responsive to the stimulus of US. This review addresses and discusses current developments in US-responsive matters, including US-breakable intermolecular conjugations, US-catalytic sonosensitizers, fluorocarbon compounds, microbubbles, and US-propelled micro- and nanorobots. Meanwhile, the interactions between US and advanced matters create various biochemical products and enhanced mechanical effects, leading to the exploration of potential biomedical applications, from US-facilitated biosensing and diagnostic imaging to US-induced therapeutic applications and clinical translations. Finally, the current challenges are summarized and future perspectives on US-responsive matters in biomedical applications and clinical translations are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Chuanhui Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Corresponding author
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17
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Xing Y, Xiu J, Zhou M, Xu T, Zhang M, Li H, Li X, Du X, Ma T, Zhang X. Copper Single-Atom Jellyfish-like Nanomotors for Enhanced Tumor Penetration and Nanocatalytic Therapy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6789-6799. [PMID: 36988101 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts with extraordinary catalytic activity have been receiving great attention in tumor therapy. However, most single-atom catalysts lack self-propulsion properties, restricting them from actively approaching cancer cells or penetrating the interior of tumors. Herein, we design N-doped jellyfish-like mesoporous carbon nanomotors coordinated with single-atom copper (Cu-JMCNs). It is a combination of single-atom nanocatalytic medicine and nanomotor self-propulsion for cancer therapy. The Cu single atom can catalyze H2O2 into toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH) for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Near-infrared light triggers Cu-JMCNs to achieve self-thermophoretic motion because of the jellyfish-like asymmetric structure and photothermal property of carbon, which significantly improves the cellular uptake and the penetration of three-dimensional tumors. In vivo experiments indicate that the combination of single-atom Cu for CDT and near-infrared light propulsion can achieve over 85% tumor inhibition rate. This work sheds light on the development of advanced nanomotors with single-atom catalysts for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jidong Xiu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengyun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tailin Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meiqin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academic of Sciences, University of Chinese Academic of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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18
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Ramos Docampo MA. On Nanomachines and Their Future Perspectives in Biomedicine. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200308. [PMID: 36690500 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nano/micromotors are a class of active matter that can self-propel converting different types of input energy into kinetic energy. The huge efforts that are made in this field over the last years result in remarkable advances. Specifically, a high number of publications have dealt with biomedical applications that these motors may offer. From the first attempts in 2D cell cultures, the research has evolved to tissue and in vivo experimentation, where motors show promising results. In this Perspective, an overview over the evolution of motors with focus on bio-relevant environments is provided. Then, a discussion on the advances and challenges is presented, and eventually some remarks and perspectives of the field are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ramos Docampo
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
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19
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Liang H, Peng F, Tu Y. Active therapy based on the byproducts of micro/nanomotors. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:953-962. [PMID: 36537366 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05818a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Different from traditional colloidal particles based on Brownian motion, micro/nanomotors are micro/nanoscale devices capable of performing complex tasks in liquid media via transforming various energy sources into mechanical motion or actuation. Such unique self-propulsion endows motors with fantastic capabilities to access and enter the deep layer of targeted diseased tissue, which in turn breaks through the limitation of the poor permeability of traditional pharmaceutical preparations, thus providing giant prospects for active therapy. It is noteworthy that recently several studies, which utilized the byproducts generated in situ by micro/nanomotors to achieve active therapy, in a truly green zero-waste manner, have been carried out. In this minireview, we highlight the recent efforts with respect to active therapy based on the byproducts of micro/nanomotors, expecting to motivate readers to expand the practical biomedical application scope of micro/nanomotors in a broader horizon. Accompanied by ever booming enthusiasm and persevering exploration, micro/nanomotors are on their way to revolutionize conventional fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Liang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Fei Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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20
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Li J, Parakhonskiy BV, Skirtach AG. A decade of developing applications exploiting the properties of polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:807-835. [PMID: 36472384 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04806j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Transferring the layer-by-layer (LbL) coating approach from planar surfaces to spherical templates and subsequently dissolving these templates leads to the fabrication of polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules. The versatility of the coatings of capsules and their flexibility upon bringing in virtually any material into the coatings has quickly drawn substantial attention. Here, we provide an overview of the main developments in this field, highlighting the trends in the last decade. In the beginning, various methods of encapsulation and release are discussed followed by a broad range of applications, which were developed and explored. We also outline the current trends, where the range of applications is continuing to grow, including addition of whole new and different application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bogdan V Parakhonskiy
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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21
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Li S, Yang Y, Wang S, Gao Y, Song Z, Chen L, Chen Z. Advances in metal graphitic nanocapsules for biomedicine. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210223. [PMID: 37324797 PMCID: PMC10191027 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal graphitic nanocapsules have the advantages of both graphitic and metal nanomaterials, showing great promise in biomedicine. On one hand, the chemically inert graphitic shells are able to protect the metal core from external environments, quench the fluorescence signal from the biological system, offer robust platform for targeted molecules or drugs loading, and act as stable Raman labels or internal standard molecule. On the other hand, the metal cores with different compositions, sizes, and morphologies show unique physicochemical properties, and further broaden their biomedical functions. In this review, we firstly introduce the preparation, classification, and properties of metal graphitic nanocapsules, then summarize the recent progress of their applications in biodetection, bioimaging, and therapy. Challenges and their development prospects in biomedicine are eventually discussed in detail. We expect the versatile metal graphitic nanocapsules will advance the development of future clinical biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkai Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL)State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio‐Sensing and ChemometricsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAptamer Engineering Center of Hunan ProvinceHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical BiologyHunan UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yanxia Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL)State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio‐Sensing and ChemometricsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAptamer Engineering Center of Hunan ProvinceHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical BiologyHunan UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Shen Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL)State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio‐Sensing and ChemometricsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAptamer Engineering Center of Hunan ProvinceHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical BiologyHunan UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied TechnologyHunan UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhiling Song
- Key Laboratory of Optic‐Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceMOEShandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical AnalysisCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | - Long Chen
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of MacauMacau SARChina
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL)State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio‐Sensing and ChemometricsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAptamer Engineering Center of Hunan ProvinceHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical BiologyHunan UniversityChangshaChina
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22
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Chen N, Wang Y, Song X, Li Y, Deng Z. Steering DNA Condensation on Engineered Nanointerfaces. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8550-8558. [PMID: 36315179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
DNA has received increasing attention in nanotechnology due to its ability to fold into prescribed structures. Different from the commonly adopted base-pairing strategy, an emerging class of amorphous DNA materials are formed by DNA's abiological interactions. Despite the great successes, a lack of nanoscale nucleation/growth control disables more advanced considerations. This work aims at harnessing the heterogeneous nucleation of metal-ion-glued DNA condensates on nanointerfaces. Upon unveiling key orthogonal factors including solution pH, ionic cross-linkers, and surface functionalities, chemically programmable DNA condensation on nanoparticle seeds is achieved, resembling a famous Stöber process for silica coating. The nucleation rules discovered on individual nanoseeds can be passed on to their dimeric assemblies, where broken spherical symmetry and the existence of interparticle gaps help a regiospecific DNA gelation. The steerable DNA condensation, and the multifunctions from DNA, metal ions, and nanocores, hold a great promise in noncanonical DNA nanotechnology toward novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Chen
- Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yueliang Wang
- Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaojun Song
- Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yanjuan Li
- Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Deng
- Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Mondal A, Toyoda R, Costil R, Feringa BL. Chemically Driven Rotatory Molecular Machines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206631. [PMID: 35852813 PMCID: PMC9826306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines are at the frontier of biology and chemistry. The ability to control molecular motion and emulating the movement of biological systems are major steps towards the development of responsive and adaptive materials. Amazing progress has been seen for the design of molecular machines including light-induced unidirectional rotation of overcrowded alkenes. However, the feasibility of inducing unidirectional rotation about a single bond as a result of chemical conversion has been a challenging task. In this Review, an overview of approaches towards the design, synthesis, and dynamic properties of different classes of atropisomers which can undergo controlled switching or rotation under the influence of a chemical stimulus is presented. They are categorized as molecular switches, rotors, motors, and autonomous motors according to their type of response. Furthermore, we provide a future perspective and challenges focusing on building sophisticated molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mondal
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTohoku University6-3 Aramaki-Aza-AobaAobaku, Sendai980-8578Japan
| | - Romain Costil
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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Wu R, Zhu Y, Cai X, Wu S, Xu L, Yu T. Recent Process in Microrobots: From Propulsion to Swarming for Biomedical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1473. [PMID: 36144096 PMCID: PMC9503943 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, robots have assisted and contributed to the biomedical field. Scaling down the size of robots to micro/nanoscale can increase the accuracy of targeted medications and decrease the danger of invasive operations in human surgery. Inspired by the motion pattern and collective behaviors of the tiny biological motors in nature, various kinds of sophisticated and programmable microrobots are fabricated with the ability for cargo delivery, bio-imaging, precise operation, etc. In this review, four types of propulsion-magnetically, acoustically, chemically/optically and hybrid driven-and their corresponding features have been outlined and categorized. In particular, the locomotion of these micro/nanorobots, as well as the requirement of biocompatibility, transportation efficiency, and controllable motion for applications in the complex human body environment should be considered. We discuss applications of different propulsion mechanisms in the biomedical field, list their individual benefits, and suggest their potential growth paths.
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25
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Biocompatible micromotors for biosensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7035-7049. [PMID: 36044082 PMCID: PMC9428376 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Micro/nanomotors are nanoscale devices that have been explored in various fields, such as drug delivery, environmental remediation, or biosensing and diagnosis. The use of micro/nanomotors has grown considerably over the past few years, partially because of the advantages that they offer in the development of new conceptual avenues in biosensing. This is due to their propulsion and intermixing in solution compared with their respective static forms, which enables motion-based detection methods and/or decreases bioassay time. This review focuses on the impacts of micro/nanomotors on biosensing research in the last 2 years. An overview of designs for bioreceptor attachment to micro/nanomotors is given. Recent developments have focused on chemically propelled micromotors using external fuels, commonly hydrogen peroxide. However, the associated fuel toxicity and inconvenience of use in relevant biological samples such as blood have prompted researchers to explore new micro/nanomotor biosensing approaches based on biocompatible propulsion sources such as magnetic or ultrasound fields. The main advances in biocompatible propulsion sources for micro/nanomotors as novel biosensing platforms are discussed and grouped by their propulsion-driven forces. The relevant analytical applications are discussed and representatively illustrated. Moreover, envisioning future biosensing applications, the principal advantages of micro/nanomotor synthesis using biocompatible and biodegradable materials are given. The review concludes with a realistic drawing on the present and future perspectives.
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26
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Middelhoek K, Magdanz V, Abelmann L, Khalil I. Drug-loaded IRONSperm clusters: modeling, wireless actuation, and ultrasound imaging. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35985314 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac8b4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Individual biohybrid microrobots have the potential to perform biomedical in vivo tasks such as remote-controlled drug and cell delivery and minimally invasive surgery. This work demonstrates the formation of biohybrid sperm-templated clusters under the influence of an external magnetic field and essential functionalities for wireless actuation and drug delivery. Ferromagnetic nanoparticles are electrostatically assembled around dead sperm cells, and the resulting nanoparticle-coated cells are magnetically assembled into threedimensional biohybrid clusters. The aim of this clustering is threefold: First, to enable rolling locomotion on a nearby solid boundary using a rotating magnetic field; second, to allow for noninvasive localization; third, to load the cells inside the cluster with drugs for targeted delivery. A magneto-hydrodynamic model captures the rotational response of the clusters in a viscous fluid, and predicts an upper bound for their step-out frequency, which is independent of their volume or aspect ratio. Below the step-out frequency, the rolling velocity of the clusters increases nonlinearly with their perimeter and actuation frequency. During rolling locomotion, the clusters are localized using ultrasound at a relatively large distance, which makes these biohybrid clusters promising for deep-tissue applications. Finally, we show that the estimated drug load scales with the number of cells in the cluster and can be retained for more than 10 hours. The aggregation of microrobots enables them to collectively roll in a predictable way in response to an external rotating magnetic field, and enhances ultrasound detectability and drug loading capacity compared to the individual microrobots. The favorable features of biohybrid microrobot clusters place emphasis on the importance of the investigation and development of collective microrobots and their potential for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaz Middelhoek
- Biomechanical Engineering , University of Twente, University of Twente, Enschede, Enschede, 7500 AE, NETHERLANDS
| | - Veronika Magdanz
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute for Bioengineering in Catalonia, Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08028, SPAIN
| | - Leon Abelmann
- MESA Research Institute, University of Twente, SMI, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, THE NETHERLANDS, Enschede, Overijssel, 7500 AE, NETHERLANDS
| | - Islam Khalil
- Biomechanical Engineering , University of Twente, University of Twente, Enschede, Enschede, 7500 AE, NETHERLANDS
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Mondal A, Toyoda R, Costil R, Feringa BL. Chemically Driven Rotatory Molecular Machines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mondal
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chmistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Romain Costil
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Ben L Feringa
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen NETHERLANDS
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Zhou Y, Dai L, Jiao N. Review of Bubble Applications in Microrobotics: Propulsion, Manipulation, and Assembly. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1068. [PMID: 35888885 PMCID: PMC9324494 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microbubbles have been widely used in the field of microrobots due to their unique properties. Microbubbles can be easily produced and used as power sources or tools of microrobots, and the bubbles can even serve as microrobots themselves. As a power source, bubbles can propel microrobots to swim in liquid under low-Reynolds-number conditions. As a manipulation tool, microbubbles can act as the micromanipulators of microrobots, allowing them to operate upon particles, cells, and organisms. As a microrobot, microbubbles can operate and assemble complex microparts in two- or three-dimensional spaces. This review provides a comprehensive overview of bubble applications in microrobotics including propulsion, micromanipulation, and microassembly. First, we introduce the diverse bubble generation and control methods. Then, we review and discuss how bubbles can play a role in microrobotics via three functions: propulsion, manipulation, and assembly. Finally, by highlighting the advantages and current challenges of this progress, we discuss the prospects of microbubbles in microrobotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liguo Dai
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Niandong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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29
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Shao J, Cao S, Che H, De Martino MT, Wu H, Abdelmohsen LKEA, van Hest JCM. Twin-Engine Janus Supramolecular Nanomotors with Counterbalanced Motion. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11246-11252. [PMID: 35700477 PMCID: PMC9247982 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular nanomotors were created with two types of propelling forces that were able to counterbalance each other. The particles were based on bowl-shaped polymer vesicles, or stomatocytes, assembled from the amphiphilic block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polystyrene. The first method of propulsion was installed by loading the nanocavity of the stomatocytes with the enzyme catalase, which enabled the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, leading to a chemically induced motion. The second method of propulsion was attained by applying a hemispherical gold coating on the stomatocytes, on the opposite side of the opening, making the particles susceptible to near-infrared laser light. By exposing these Janus-type twin engine nanomotors to both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and near-infrared light, two competing driving forces were synchronously generated, resulting in a counterbalanced, "seesaw effect" motion. By precisely manipulating the incident laser power and concentration of H2O2, the supramolecular nanomotors could be halted in a standby mode. Furthermore, the fact that these Janus stomatocytes were equipped with opposing motile forces also provided a proof of the direction of motion of the enzyme-activated stomatocytes. Finally, the modulation of the "seesaw effect", by tuning the net outcome of the two coexisting driving forces, was used to attain switchable control of the motile behavior of the twin-engine nanomotors. Supramolecular nanomotors that can be steered by two orthogonal propulsion mechanisms hold considerable potential for being used in complex tasks, including active transportation and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Shao
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Shoupeng Cao
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hailong Che
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Teresa De Martino
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hanglong Wu
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Loai K E A Abdelmohsen
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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30
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Nitschke T, Stenhammar J, Wittkowski R. Collective guiding of acoustically propelled nano- and microparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2844-2856. [PMID: 36132012 PMCID: PMC9417943 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00007e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important potential applications of motile nano- and microdevices is targeted drug delivery. To realize this, biocompatible particles that can be guided collectively towards a target inside a patient's body are required. Acoustically propelled nano- and microparticles constitute a promising candidate for such biocompatible, artificial motile particles. The main remaining obstacle to targeted drug delivery by motile nano- and microdevices is to also achieve a reliable and biocompatible method for guiding them collectively to their target. Here, we propose such a method. As we confirm by computer simulations, it allows for the remote guiding of large numbers of acoustically propelled particles to a prescribed target by combining a space- and time-dependent acoustic field and a time-dependent magnetic field. The method works without detailed knowledge about the particle positions and for arbitrary initial particle distributions. With these features, it paves the way for the future application of motile particles as vehicles for targeted drug delivery in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Nitschke
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Joakim Stenhammar
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Raphael Wittkowski
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster 48149 Münster Germany
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31
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Wang X, Ye Z, Lin S, Wei L, Xiao L. Nanozyme-Triggered Cascade Reactions from Cup-Shaped Nanomotors Promote Active Cellular Targeting. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9831012. [PMID: 35935135 PMCID: PMC9275069 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9831012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-propelled nanomotors have shown enormous potential in biomedical applications. Herein, we report on a nanozyme-powered cup-shaped nanomotor for active cellular targeting and synergistic photodynamic/thermal therapy under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. The nanomotor is constructed by the asymmetric decoration of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) at the bottom of gold nanocups (GNCs). PtNPs with robust peroxidase- (POD-) like activity are employed not only as propelling elements for nanomotors but also as continuous O2 generators to promote photodynamic therapy via catalyzing endogenous H2O2 decomposition. Owing to the Janus structure, asymmetric propulsion force is generated to trigger the short-ranged directional diffusion, facilitating broader diffusion areas and more efficient cellular searching and uptake. This cascade strategy combines key capabilities, i.e., endogenous substrate-based self-propulsion, active cellular targeting, and enhanced dual-modal therapy, in one multifunctional nanomotor, which is crucial in advancing self-propelled nanomotors towards eventual therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhongju Ye
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lehui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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32
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AC electrohydrodynamic propulsion and rotation of active particles of engineered shape and asymmetry. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Immobilization of Urokinase onto Magnetically Directed Micromotors. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3351-3364. [PMID: 35353317 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In this presented work, a new micromotor was prepared for urokinase immobilization. A covalent bond was constructed between the urokinase and the carboxyl groups of the graphene oxide, which is located at the outer layer of micromotors by EDC/NHS chemistry. The inner nickel layer gave magnetic properties to the micromotors and enables them to be separated from the reaction medium with the help of a simple magnet. For promising in vivo applications in the future, these micromotors do not require any fuel for their movement. The structures of the synthesized micromotors were illuminated by SEM and EDX analysis, and the movements of the micromotors were observed under an optical microscope with camera equipment. The immobilization yield of urokinase was found to be 68.07% (0.073 mg/100 µL micromotor solution) using the Bradford protein assay. In addition, to compare the activities of the immobilized and free enzymes, Lineweaver-Burk plots were constructed, and the kinetic parameters were calculated. Km values for free urokinase and immobilized urokinase were 2.0964 mM and 0.5602 mM, respectively. The maximum velocities of free and immobilized urokinase were found to be 25.25 µmol/min and 30.12 µmol/min, respectively. Also, storage stability profiles of the immobilized and free urokinase were monitored for 40-day incubation at + 4 °C, and the immobilized enzyme has 88% of its initial activity, while the free urokinase demonstrated only 30% of its initial activity. As a result, the experiments were carried out in human commercial serum, and specific activity values for free urokinase and immobilized urokinase were found to be 38.06 and 169.84 µmolmg-1 min-1, respectively.
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang H, Zhou J, Zhao W. Doxorubicin-Loaded Walnut-Shaped Polydopamine Nanomotor for Photothermal-Chemotherapy of Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:726-735. [PMID: 35312294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The combination of photothermal therapy and chemical drug therapy shows good prospects in cancer treatment, but there are also some limitations such as low permeability of therapeutic agents and uneven photothermal therapy. Here, we synthesized a walnut-shaped polydopamine (PDA) nanomotor driven by near infrared (NIR) light. The nanomotor was modified by methoxy polyethylene glycol amine (mPEG-NH2) for improving water solubility. PDA-PEG loaded adriamycin through π-π accumulation and hydrogen bonding. The experimental results showed that the PDA nanomotors had good biocompatibility and photothermal effect. Further, the NIR light irradiation and tumor cell microenvironment are conducive to drug release. In addition, under the irradiation of an NIR laser, the asymmetry of walnut-shaped nanoparticles makes the particles obtain the ability of autonomous movement, which can improve the permeability of particles in 3D tumor balls, which can provide support for drug penetration and heat dispersion. This strategy offers potential innovative materials for photothermal/chemotherapy synergistic therapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingzhi Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongna Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiahong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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35
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Zaera F. Designing Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Are We Reaching Selectivities Competitive With Those of Homogeneous Catalysts? Chem Rev 2022; 122:8594-8757. [PMID: 35240777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical review of different prominent nanotechnologies adapted to catalysis is provided, with focus on how they contribute to the improvement of selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. Ways to modify catalytic sites range from the use of the reversible or irreversible adsorption of molecular modifiers to the immobilization or tethering of homogeneous catalysts and the development of well-defined catalytic sites on solid surfaces. The latter covers methods for the dispersion of single-atom sites within solid supports as well as the use of complex nanostructures, and it includes the post-modification of materials via processes such as silylation and atomic layer deposition. All these methodologies exhibit both advantages and limitations, but all offer new avenues for the design of catalysts for specific applications. Because of the high cost of most nanotechnologies and the fact that the resulting materials may exhibit limited thermal or chemical stability, they may be best aimed at improving the selective synthesis of high value-added chemicals, to be incorporated in organic synthesis schemes, but other applications are being explored as well to address problems in energy production, for instance, and to design greener chemical processes. The details of each of these approaches are discussed, and representative examples are provided. We conclude with some general remarks on the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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36
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Liu C, Huang J, Xu T, Zhang X. Powering bioanalytical applications in biomedicine with light-responsive Janus micro-/nanomotors. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:116. [PMID: 35195789 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Possessing both unique asymmetric structures and remote-controlled active movement, light-responsive Janus micro-/nanomotors offer the possibility of breaking through the limitations of traditional biomedicine, and have fascinated and inspired researchers. Despite many obstacles toward the clinical application, impressive progress of light-responsive Janus micro-/nanomotors for bioanalytical applications has been made over the past decades. In this review, we first briefly introduced several main light-driven Janus micro-/nanomotors, then focused on their typical bioanalytical applications such as biosensing, bioimaging, and theranostic. In the end, we summarized the remaining challenges of light-responsive Janus micro-/nanomotors in the practical application and also proposed potential solutions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Juejiao Huang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Tailin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China. .,School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Abstract
Progress in optical manipulation has stimulated remarkable advances in a wide range of fields, including materials science, robotics, medical engineering, and nanotechnology. This Review focuses on an emerging class of optical manipulation techniques, termed heat-mediated optical manipulation. In comparison to conventional optical tweezers that rely on a tightly focused laser beam to trap objects, heat-mediated optical manipulation techniques exploit tailorable optothermo-matter interactions and rich mass transport dynamics to enable versatile control of matter of various compositions, shapes, and sizes. In addition to conventional tweezing, more distinct manipulation modes, including optothermal pulling, nudging, rotating, swimming, oscillating, and walking, have been demonstrated to enhance the functionalities using simple and low-power optics. We start with an introduction to basic physics involved in heat-mediated optical manipulation, highlighting major working mechanisms underpinning a variety of manipulation techniques. Next, we categorize the heat-mediated optical manipulation techniques based on different working mechanisms and discuss working modes, capabilities, and applications for each technique. We conclude this Review with our outlook on current challenges and future opportunities in this rapidly evolving field of heat-mediated optical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Chen
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jingang Li
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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38
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Hou K, Zhang Y, Bao M, Xin C, Wei Z, Lin G, Wang Z. A Multifunctional Magnetic Red Blood Cell-Mimetic Micromotor for Drug Delivery and Image-Guided Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3825-3837. [PMID: 35025195 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by nature, innovative devices have been made to imitate the morphology and functions of natural red blood cells (RBCs). Here, we report a red blood cell-mimetic micromotor (RBCM), which was fabricated based on a layer-by-layer assembly method and precisely controlled by an external rotating uniform magnetic field. The main framework of the RBCM was constructed by the natural protein zein and finally camouflaged with the RBC membrane. Functional cargos such as Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin were loaded within the wall part of the RBCM for tumor therapy. Due to the massive loading of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the RBCM can be precisely navigated by an external rotating uniform magnetic field and be used as a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent for tumor imaging. The RBCM has been proven to be biocompatible, biodegradable, magnetically manipulated, and imageable, which are key requisites to take micromotors from the chalkboard to clinics. We expect the RBC-inspired biohybrid device to achieve wide potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Meili Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Chao Xin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Zengyan Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Guochang Lin
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
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Cao W, Liu Y, Ran P, He J, Xie S, Weng J, Li X. Ultrasound-Propelled Janus Rod-Shaped Micromotors for Site-Specific Sonodynamic Thrombolysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58411-58421. [PMID: 34846117 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antithrombosis therapy is confronted with short half-lives of thrombolytic agents, limited therapeutic effects, and bleeding complications. Drug delivery systems of thrombolytic agents face challenges in effective penetration into thrombi, which are characterized by well-organized fibrin filled with abundant activated platelets. Herein, Janus rod (JR)-shaped micromotors are constructed by side-by-side electrospinning and cryosection, possessing advantages in controlling the Janus structure and aspect ratio of microrods. Silicon phthalocyanine (Pc) and CaO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are loaded into the separate sides of JRs, and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides are grafted on the surface to obtain Pc/Ca@r-JRs for the sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of thrombosis without using any thrombolytic agents. Decomposition of CaO2 NPs ejects O2 bubbles from one side of JRs, and ultrasonication of O2 bubbles produces the cavitation effect, both generating mechanical force to drive the thrombus penetration. The integration of ultrasonication-propelled motion and RGD mediation effectively increases the targeting capabilities of r-JRs to activated platelets. In addition to mechanical thrombolysis, ultrasonication of the released Pc produces 1O2 to destruct fibrin networks of clots. In vitro thrombolysis of whole blood clots shows that ultrasonication of Pc/Ca@r-JRs has a significantly higher thrombolysis rate (73.6%) than those without propelled motion or RGD-mediated clot targeting. In a lower limb thrombosis model, intravenous administration of Pc/Ca@r-JRs indicates 3.4-fold higher accumulations at the clot site than those of JRs, and ultrasonication-propelled motion further increases thrombus retention 2.1 times. Treatment with Pc/Ca@r-JRs and ultrasonication fully removes thrombi and significantly prolongs tail bleeding time. Thus, this study has achieved precise and prompt thrombolysis through selective targeting to clots, efficient penetration into dense networks of thrombi, and SDT-executed thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Pan Ran
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Jie Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
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Wang Z, Xu W, Wang Z, Lyu D, Mu Y, Duan W, Wang Y. Polyhedral Micromotors of Metal-Organic Frameworks: Symmetry Breaking and Propulsion. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19881-19892. [PMID: 34788029 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal micromotors can autonomously propel due to their broken symmetry that leads to unbalanced local mechanical forces. Most commonly, micromotors are synthesized to possess a Janus structure or its variants, having two components distinct in shape, composition, or surface joined together on opposite sides. Here, we report on an alternative approach for creating micromotors, where microcrystals of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with various polyhedral shapes are propelled under an AC electric field. In these cases, symmetry breaking is realized by orienting the polyhedral particles in a unique direction to generate uneven electrohydrodynamic flow. The particle orientations are controlled by a delicate competition between the electric and gravitational forces exerted on the particle, which we rationalize using experiments and a theoretical model. Furthermore, by leveraging the MOF types and shapes, or surface properties, we show that the propulsion of MOF motors can be tuned or reversed. Because of the flexibility in designing MOFs and their one-step scalable synthesis, our strategy is simple yet versatile for making well-defined functional micromotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zuochen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Dengping Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yijiang Mu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wendi Duan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Piras CC, Smith DK. Self-Propelling Hybrid Gels Incorporating an Active Self-Assembled, Low-Molecular-Weight Gelator. Chemistry 2021; 27:14527-14534. [PMID: 34339068 PMCID: PMC8597049 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid gel beads based on combining a low-molecular-weight gelator (LMWG) with a polymer gelator (PG) demonstrate an enhanced ability to self-propel in water, with the LMWG playing an active role. Hybrid gel beads were loaded with ethanol and shown to move in water owing to the Marangoni effect changes in surface tension caused by the expulsion of ethanol - smaller beads move farther and faster than larger beads. Flat shapes of the hybrid gel were cut using a "stamp" - circles moved the furthest, whereas stars showed more rotation on their own axes. Comparing hybrid LMWG/PG gel beads with PG-only beads demonstrated that the LMWG speeds up the beads, enhancing the rate of self-propulsion. Self-assembly of the LMWG into a "solid-like" network prevents its leaching from the gel. The LMWG also retains its own unique function - specifically, remediating methylene blue pollutant dye from basic water as a result of noncovalent interactions. The mobile hybrid beads accumulate this dye more effectively than PG-only beads. Self-propelling gel beads have potential applications in removal/delivery of active agents in environmental or biological settings. The ability of self-assembling LMWGs to enhance mobility and control removal/delivery suggests that adding them to self-propelling systems can add significant value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C. Piras
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - David K. Smith
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
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Naeem S, Naeem F, Mujtaba J, Shukla AK, Mitra S, Huang G, Gulina L, Rudakovskaya P, Cui J, Tolstoy V, Gorin D, Mei Y, Solovev AA, Dey KK. Oxygen Generation Using Catalytic Nano/Micromotors. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1251. [PMID: 34683302 PMCID: PMC8541545 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous oxygen plays a vital role in driving the metabolism of living organisms and has multiple agricultural, medical, and technological applications. Different methods have been discovered to produce oxygen, including plants, oxygen concentrators and catalytic reactions. However, many such approaches are relatively expensive, involve challenges, complexities in post-production processes or generate undesired reaction products. Catalytic oxygen generation using hydrogen peroxide is one of the simplest and cleanest methods to produce oxygen in the required quantities. Chemically powered micro/nanomotors, capable of self-propulsion in liquid media, offer convenient and economic platforms for on-the-fly generation of gaseous oxygen on demand. Micromotors have opened up opportunities for controlled oxygen generation and transport under complex conditions, critical medical diagnostics and therapy. Mobile oxygen micro-carriers help better understand the energy transduction efficiencies of micro/nanoscopic active matter by careful selection of catalytic materials, fuel compositions and concentrations, catalyst surface curvatures and catalytic particle size, which opens avenues for controllable oxygen release on the level of a single catalytic microreactor. This review discusses various micro/nanomotor systems capable of functioning as mobile oxygen generators while highlighting their features, efficiencies and application potentials in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumayyah Naeem
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Farah Naeem
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jawayria Mujtaba
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Ashish Kumar Shukla
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gujarat, India; (A.K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Shirsendu Mitra
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gujarat, India; (A.K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Larisa Gulina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Petergof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (L.G.); (V.T.)
| | - Polina Rudakovskaya
- Center of Photonics & Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya Str., 121205 Moscow, Russia; (P.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Jizhai Cui
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Valeri Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Petergof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (L.G.); (V.T.)
| | - Dmitry Gorin
- Center of Photonics & Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya Str., 121205 Moscow, Russia; (P.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Alexander A. Solovev
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Krishna Kanti Dey
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gujarat, India; (A.K.S.); (S.M.)
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Zhou R, Hong D, Gao S, Gu Y, Liu X. Electric Field Induced Electrorotation of 2D Perovskite Microplates. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101228. [PMID: 34683279 PMCID: PMC8537397 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High precision-controlled movement of microscale devices is crucial to obtain advanced miniaturized motors. In this work, we report a high-speed rotating micromotor based on two-dimensional (2D) all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 microplates controlled via alternating-current (AC) external electric field. Firstly, the device configuration with optimized electric field distribution has been determined via systematic physical simulation. Using this optimized biasing configuration, when an AC electric field is applied at the four-electrode system, the microplates suspended in the tetradecane solution rotate at a speed inversely proportional to AC frequency, with a maximum speed of 16.4 × 2π rad/s. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of CsPbBr3 microplates has been determined in a contactless manner, which is approximately 10−9–10−8 S/m. Our work has extended the investigations on AC electric field-controlled micromotors from 1D to 2D scale, shedding new light on developing micromotors with new configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifu Zhou
- College of Microtechnology & Microtechnology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Daobiao Hong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;
| | - Siyu Gao
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;
| | - Yu Gu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuhai Liu
- College of Microtechnology & Microtechnology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (X.L.)
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Dai Y, Bai X, Jia L, Sun H, Feng Y, Wang L, Zhang C, Chen Y, Ji Y, Zhang D, Chen H, Feng L. Precise Control of Customized Macrophage Cell Robot for Targeted Therapy of Solid Tumors with Minimal Invasion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103986. [PMID: 34510759 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Injecting micro/nanorobots into the body to kill tumors is one of the ultimate ambitions for medical nanotechnology. However, injecting current micro/nanorobots based on 3D-printed biocompatible materials directly into blood vessels for targeted therapy is often difficult, and mistakes in targeting can cause serious side effects, such as blood clots, oxidative stress, or inflammation. The natural affinity of macrophages to tumors, and their natural phagocytosis and ability to invade tumors, make them outstanding drug delivery vehicles for targeted tumor therapy. Hence, a magnetically controlled cell robot (MCR) based on a macrophage drug carrier is proposed. Here, living macrophages are converted into MCRs through endocytosis of specially-designed magnetic nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin and indocyanine green. Following this, the MCRs can be transported to tumors through the blood vessels using external magnetic fields, and penetrate the blood vessels into the interior of the tumor due to their deformability. With the MCR's cascaded drug release, targeted killing of tumors in mice is demonstrated, with minimal effects on the normal surrounding tissue. The ability to impart precise drug doses onto natural cells, such as macrophages, and load various functional components into the MCRs, offers an efficient method for precise targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lina Jia
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanmin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chaonan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yiming Ji
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Deyuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huawei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Mayorga‐Martinez CC, Zelenka J, Grmela J, Michalkova H, Ruml T, Mareš J, Pumera M. Swarming Aqua Sperm Micromotors for Active Bacterial Biofilms Removal in Confined Spaces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101301. [PMID: 34369099 PMCID: PMC8498868 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microscale self-propelled robots show great promise in the biomedical field and are the focus of many researchers. These tiny devices, which move and navigate by themselves, are typically based on inorganic microstructures that are not biodegradable and potentially toxic, often using toxic fuels or elaborate external energy sources, which limits their real-world applications. One potential solution to these issues is to go back to nature. Here, the authors use high-speed Aqua Sperm micromotors obtained from North African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, B. 1822) to destroy bacterial biofilm. These Aqua Sperm micromotors use water-induced dynein ATPase catalyzed adenosine triphosphate (ATP) degradation as biocompatible fuel to trigger their fast speed and snake-like undulatory locomotion that facilitate biofilm destruction in less than one minute. This efficient biofilm destruction is due to the ultra-fast velocity as well as the head size of Aqua Sperm micromotors being similar to bacteria, which facilitates their entry to and navigation within the biofilm matrix. In addition, the authors demonstrate the real-world application of Aqua Sperm micromotors by destroying biofilms that had colonized medical and laboratory tubing. The implemented system extends the biomedical application of Aqua Sperm micromotors to include hybrid robots for fertilization or cargo tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C. Mayorga‐Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology PragueTechnicka 5, 166 28, Prague 6Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Zelenka
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of Chemistry and Technology PragueTechnicka 5, 166 28, Prague 6Czech Republic
| | - Jan Grmela
- Department of ZoologyFisheriesHydrobiology and ApicultureMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 1BrnoCZ‐61300Czech Republic
| | - Hana Michalkova
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 1BrnoCZ‐613 00Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of Chemistry and Technology PragueTechnicka 5, 166 28, Prague 6Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mareš
- Department of ZoologyFisheriesHydrobiology and ApicultureMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 1BrnoCZ‐61300Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology PragueTechnicka 5, 166 28, Prague 6Czech Republic
- Future Energy and Innovation LaboratoryCentral European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of TechnologyPurkynova 656/123BrnoCZ‐616 00Czech Republic
- Center for Nanorobotics and Machine IntelligenceDepartment of Food TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 1BrnoCZ‐613 00Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐guSeoul03722Korea
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityNo. 91 Hsueh‐Shih RoadTaichungTaiwan
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Kong D, Qian Y, Kurosawa MK, Aoyagi M. Evaluation method for acoustic underwater propulsion systems. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 150:1157. [PMID: 34470274 DOI: 10.1121/10.0005657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic underwater propulsion systems based on bulk acoustic waves and surface acoustic waves have been studied. In this study, an acoustic propulsion system that consists of a 2.065-MHz thickness-vibration-mode lead-zirconate-titanate ultrasonic transducer is evaluated. A prototype swimmer is designed and fabricated. The admittance difference of the transducer in water and air is investigated. The vibration amplitude of the transducer is measured to evaluate transducer performance. The acoustic radiation force is calculated to describe acoustic propulsion. The zero-speed propulsion (ZSP) force and no-load speed (NLS) are measured in water. Swimmer movement starts at a NLS of 6.1 mm/s and a ZSP force of 0.2 mN for an input voltage and input power of 12.4 V peak to peak and 0.4 W, respectively. Although the average efficiency of the acoustic propulsion system is 69% in water, the overall movement efficiency of the swimmer is less than 1% because of fluid resistance and wire traction. Based on admittance, acoustic propulsion calculations, ZSP force, NLS measurements, and efficiency analysis, an evaluation method is proposed for optimizing swimmers with an acoustic underwater propulsion system. Small size, high power density, and simple structure of an acoustic propulsion system with an ultrasonic transducer make such systems suitable for applications such as pipeline inspection and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Kong
- Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Japan
| | - Yuan Qian
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Lin X, Xu B, Zhao Z, Yang X, Xing Y, You C, Kong Y, Cui J, Zhu L, Lin S, Mei Y. Flying Squirrel-Inspired Motion Control of a Light-Deformed Pt-PAzoMA Micromotor through Drag Force Manipulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30106-30117. [PMID: 34143593 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Micromotors require stable and precise motion control for complex tasks such as microsurgery, drug delivery in vivo, or environmental monitoring ex vivo. However, a continuous control signal is needed for micromotors to achieve motion control during their whole journey, which hinders their application in areas where external control stimuli are limited or unavailable. Fortunately, nature suggests an excellent solution that flying squirrel exhibits motion tuning capability by deforming itself when jumping off a tall tree. Inspired by this, we propose a Pt-PAzoMA Janus micromotor that precisely changes its shape (from a spherical shape to an elliptical shape) under a brief light signal (450 nm) and maintains this deformation until next signal reception. The deformed elliptical micromotor performs relatively low-speed motion compared to the spherical one, which is further confirmed by massive simulation results. In addition, by investigating motion behavior experimentally and theoretically, it is proved that the motion modulation is caused by the drag force changing brought from the deformation. This method represents a different route to regulate the motion of micromotors without a continuous signal, which is useful in application scenarios where the environmental control signal is inaccessible/limited or long-time operation with minimum energy input is required to maintain motion manipulation. With further function modification, this kind of shape-changing micromotor has potential in optimizing drug diffusion efficiency by speed altering and long-term monitoring at the diseased area by confining the active range of the micromotor in the targeted area through deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lin
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Borui Xu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunyu You
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ye Kong
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jizhai Cui
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shaoliang Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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Cell nucleus as endogenous biological micropump. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 182:113166. [PMID: 33774431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Micropumps can generate directional microflows in blood vessels or bio-capillaries for targeted transport of nanoparticles and cells in vivo, which is highly significant for biomedical applications from active drug delivery to precision clinical therapy. Meanwhile, they have been extensively used in the biosensing fields with their unique features of autonomous motion, easy surface functionalization, dynamic capture and effective isolation of analytes in complex biological media. However, synthetic devices for actuating microflows, including pumps and motors, generally exhibit poor or limited biocompatibility with living organisms as a result of the invasive implantation of exogenous materials into blood vessels. Here we demonstrate a method of constructing endogenous micropumps by extracting nuclei from red blood cells, thus making them intrinsically and completely biocompatible. The nuclei are extracted and then driven by a scanning optical tweezing system. By a precise actuation of the microflows, nanoparticles and cells are navigated to target destinations, and the transport velocity and direction is controlled by the multifunctional dynamics of the micropumps. With the targeted transport of functionalized micro/nanoparticles followed by a dynamic mixing in microliter blood samples, the micropumps provide considerable promises to enhance the target binding efficiency and improve the sensitivity and speed of biological assays in vivo. Furthermore, multiplexing by simultaneously driving an array of multiple nuclei is demonstrated, thus confirming that the micropumps could provide a bio-friendly high-throughput in vivo platform for the treatment of blood diseases, microenvironment monitoring, and biomedical analysis.
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Fujita R, Matsufuji T, Matsuo M, Nakata S. Alternate Route Selection of Self-Propelled Filter Papers Impregnated with Camphor for Two-Branched Water Channels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7039-7042. [PMID: 34048652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The route selection of self-propelled filter papers impregnated with camphor for two-branched water channels was investigated. The two-branched water channel was composed of a stem channel and two branch channels, and the branch channels were connected to the stem channel at a junction. When a single camphor paper reached the junction from the stem channel, it selected one of the two routes equivalently. Three or five camphor papers which were placed on a stem channel exhibited either alternate or random route selection depending on the characteristic length between the leading and following papers, Lc. That is, the alternate route selection of the camphor papers for the two-branched water channels was observed at Lc ≤ 25 mm. By contrast, the alternate route selection was broken at Lc > 25 mm. The physicochemical meaning of the threshold value, Lth ∼ 26 mm, between the alternate and random route selections was discussed based on the experimental results. In addition, the distribution length of camphor molecules developed from the leading camphor paper and the change in the spatial gradient of surface tension around the junction supports the value of Lth. These results suggest that autonomous phenomena using inanimate self-propelled objects are important to understand collective motion in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Fujita
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takero Matsufuji
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Muneyuki Matsuo
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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Luo Y, Su Y, Lin Y, He L, Wu L, Hou X, Zheng C. MnFe 2O 4 micromotors enhanced field digestion and solid phase extraction for on-site determination of arsenic in rice and water. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1156:338354. [PMID: 33781466 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increased interest and great progress obtained on arsenic test, it is still a challenge to accomplish the on-site determination of arsenic in rice due to the expensive instrumentation and harsh digestion process. In this work, MnFe2O4 micromotors were found to retain high catalytic activity to simultaneously produce large amounts of hydroxyl radicals and O2 bubbles in the presence of H2O2. Interestingly, the generated bubbles autonomously propel the micromotors and prevent them from depositing, thus keeping their high catalytic activity. As a result, a MnFe2O4 micromotors enhanced digestion method was developed for the field digestion of rice samples within 100 min only using H2O2, which was further utilized to realize the on-site detection of arsenic in rice by coupling with the Gutzeit method followed headspace solid phase extraction. A quantification limit of 40 μg kg-1 was obtained for the determination of arsenic in rice. Owing to their capabilities of the efficient and rapid adsorption of arsenic and continuous movement, a MnFe2O4 micromotors enhanced solid phase extraction was also established for the sensitive determination of arsenic in water with a 1 μg L-1 of quantification limit. The accuracy of the developed method was validated via analysis of a Certified Reference Material of rice (GBW10043) and a series of rice and water samples with satisfactory results, showing promising potential in the sensitive on-site detection of arsenic in rice and water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Yubin Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Liangbo He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Wu
- Analytical and Test Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China; Analytical and Test Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China.
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