1
|
Lu Y, Wodyński A, Reimann M, Medel R, Kaupp M, Riedel S. Investigation of Isolated IrF 5 -, IrF 6 - Anions and M[IrF 6] (M=Na, K, Rb, Cs) Ion Pairs by Matrix-Isolation Spectroscopy and Relativistic Quantum-Chemical Calculations. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401015. [PMID: 38618887 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The molecular IrF5 -, IrF6 - anions and M[IrF6] (M=Na, K, Rb, Cs) ion pairs were prepared by co-deposition of laser-ablated alkali metal fluorides MF with IrF6 and isolated in solid neon or argon matrices under cryogenic conditions. The free anions were obtained as well by co-deposition of IrF6 with laser-ablated metals (Ir or Pt) as electron sources. The products were characterized in a combined analysis of matrix IR spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations using two-component quasi-relativistic DFT methods accounting for spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects as well as multi-reference configuration-interaction (MRCI) approaches with SOC. Inclusion of SOC is crucial in the prediction of spectra and properties of IrF6 - and its alkali-metal ion pairs. The observed IR bands and the computations show that the IrF6 - anion adopts an Oh structure in a nondegenerate ground state stabilized by SOC effects, and not a distorted D4h structure in a triplet ground state as suggested by scalar-relativistic calculations. The corresponding "closed-shell" M[IrF6] ion pairs with C3v symmetry are stabilized by coordination of an alkali metal ion to three F atoms, and their structural change in the series from M=Na to Cs was proven spectroscopically. There is no evidence for the formation of IrF7, IrF7 - or M[IrF7] (M=Na, K, Rb, Cs) ion pairs in our experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Artur Wodyński
- Institut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Reimann
- Institut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Medel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saju A, Crawley MR, MacMillan SN, Lacy DC. Manganese(III) Nitrate Complexes as Bench-Stable Powerful Oxidants. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11616-11621. [PMID: 38639535 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
We report herein a convenient one-pot synthesis for the shelf-stable molecular complex [Mn(NO3)3(OPPh3)2] (2) and describe the properties that make it a powerful and selective one-electron oxidation (deelectronation) reagent. 2 has a high reduction potential of 1.02 V versus ferrocene (MeCN) (1.65 vs normal hydrogen electrode), which is one the highest known among readily available redox agents used in chemical synthesis. 2 exhibits stability toward air in the solid state, can be handled with relative ease, and is soluble in most common laboratory solvents such as MeCN, dichloromethane, and fluorobenzene. 2 is substitutionally labile with respect to the coordinated (pseudo)halide ions enabling the synthesis of other new Mn(III) nitrato complexes also with high reduction potentials ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 V versus ferrocene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Saju
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Matthew R Crawley
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David C Lacy
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin J, Liu X, Yuan Y, Zhao Y, She W, Yang G. Theoretical Study on the Structures and Electronic Properties of Tungsten Fluorides at High Pressures. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300615. [PMID: 38243367 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal fluorides are a series of strong oxidizing agents. Tungsten (W) fluorides, particularly WF6, have shown broad applications such as luminescence and fluorinating agent. However, other stoichiometries of W fluorides have rarely been studied. It is well-known that pressure can induce structural phase transition, stabilize new compounds, and produce novel properties. In this work, the high-pressure phases of W-F were searched systematically at the pressure range of 0-200 GPa through first-principles swarm-intelligence structural search calculations. A new stoichiometry of WF4 has been predicted to be stable under high pressures. On the other hand, two new high-pressure phases of WF6 with the symmetries ofP 2 1 ${{P2}_{1}}$ /m and P ${P}$ -1 were found with decahedral structural units. The electronic properties of the W-F compounds were then investigated. The predicted stable WF6 high-pressure phases maintain semiconducting features, since the W atom provides all its valence electrons to fluorine. We evaluated the oxidizing ability of WF6 by calculating its electron affinity potential. The high pressureP 2 1 ${{P2}_{1}}$ /m WF6 molecular phase shows higher oxidation capacity than the ambient phase. The built pressure-composition phase diagram and the theoretical results of W-F system provide some useful information for experimental synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Lin
- College of Physics, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Physics, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Physics, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Yusen Zhao
- College of Physics, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Weihan She
- College of Physics, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Guangmin Yang
- College of Physics, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lutz JJ, Jensen DS, Hubbard JA. Deposition products predicted from conceptual DFT: The hydrolysis reactions of MoF6, WF6, and UF6. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:184305. [PMID: 37962449 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal hexafluorides hydrolyze at ambient temperature to deposit compounds having fluorine-to-oxygen ratios that depend upon the identity of the metal. Uranium-hexafluoride hydrolysis, for example, deposits uranyl fluoride (UO2F2), whereas molybdenum hexafluoride (MoF6) and tungsten hexafluoride deposit trioxides. Here, we pursue general strategies enabling the prediction of depositing compounds resulting from multi-step gas-phase reactions. To compare among the three metal-hexafluoride hydrolyses, we first investigate the mechanism of MoF6 hydrolysis using hybrid density functional theory (DFT). Intermediates are then validated by performing anharmonic vibrational simulations and comparing with infrared spectra [McNamara et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 25, 2990 (2023)]. Conceptual DFT, which is leveraged here to quantitatively evaluate site-specific electrophilicity and nucleophilicity metrics, is found to reliably predict qualitative deposition propensities for each intermediate. In addition to the nucleophilic potential of the oxygen ligands, several other contributing characteristics are discussed, including amphoterism, polyvalency, fluxionality, steric hindrance, dipolar strength, and solubility. To investigate the structure and composition of pre-nucleation clusters, an automated workflow is presented for the simulation of particle growth. The workflow entails a conformer search at the density functional tight-binding level, structural refinement at the hybrid DFT level, and computation of a composite free-energy profile. Such profiles can be used to estimate particle nucleation kinetics. Droplet formation is also considered, which helps to rationalize the different UO2F2 particle morphologies observed under varying levels of humidity. Development of predictive methods for simulating physical and chemical deposition processes is important for the advancement of material manufacturing involving coatings and thin films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Lutz
- Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - Daniel S Jensen
- Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - Joshua A Hubbard
- Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chemnitz T, Koch BN, Buchner MR, Petry W, Kraus F. Plasmachemical Syntheses of RuF 6, RhF 6, and PtF 6. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16263-16273. [PMID: 37728560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Starting from the respective metal M, we have synthesized the hexafluorides MF6 of M = Ru, Rh, and Pt by the use of a laser-based heating system and a remote fluorine plasma source using a mixture of Ar and NF3 as the feed gas. The formation of the hexafluorides was confirmed by several different spectroscopic methods, including IR, Raman, UV/vis, and NMR spectroscopy. In addition, we present first experimental hints that RuF6 is more reactive than PtF6, because RuF6 is able to oxidize lower fluorides of platinum to PtF6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Chemnitz
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, TU München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Björn N Koch
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Magnus R Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Petry
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, TU München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Kraus
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mazej Z, Goreshnik E. Crystal Structures of Xenon(VI) Salts: XeF 5Ni(AsF 6) 3, XeF 5AF 6 (A = Nb, Ta, Ru, Rh, Ir, Pt, Au), and XeF 5A 2F 11 (A = Nb, Ta). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083370. [PMID: 37110603 PMCID: PMC10143524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiments on the preparation of the new mixed cations XeF5M(AF6)3 (M = Cu, Ni; A = Cr, Nb, Ta, Ru, Rh, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, As), XeF5M(SbF6)3 (M = Sn, Pb), and XeF5M(BF4)x(SbF6)3-x (x = 1, 2, 3; M = Co, Mn, Ni, Zn) salts were successful only in the preparation of XeF5Ni(AsF6)3. In other cases, mixtures of different products, mostly XeF5AF6 and XeF5A2F11 salts, were obtained. The crystal structures of XeF5Ni(AsF6)3, XeF5TaF6, XeF5RhF6, XeF5IrF6, XeF5Nb2F11, XeF5Ta2F11, and [Ni(XeF2)2](IrF6)2 were determined for the first time on single crystals at 150 K by X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures of XeF5NbF6, XeF5PtF6, XeF5RuF6, XeF5AuF6, and (Xe2F11)2(NiF6) were redetermined by the same method at 150 K. The crystal structure of XeF5RhF6 represents a new structural type in the family of XeF5AF6 salts, which crystallize in four different structural types. The XeF5A2F11 salts (M = Nb, Ta) are not isotypic and both represent a new structure type. They consist of [XeF5]+ cations and dimeric [A2F11]- anions. The crystal structure of [Ni(XeF2)2](IrF6)2 is a first example of a coordination compound in which XeF2 is coordinated to the Ni2+ cation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Mazej
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Evgeny Goreshnik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma S, Zhao L, Li S, Gao T, Peng F. Potential rules for stable transition metal hexafluorides with high oxidation states under high pressures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6726-6732. [PMID: 36807436 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05418c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
High pressure is a powerful tool in material sciences which can lead to the discovery of novel inorganic species in high oxidation states. Based on the prediction of the stability of PdF6 with a high Pd oxidation state of +6, we propose three potential guiding rules for finding stable transition metal (TM) fluorides with high +6 oxidation states: (1) the existence of a large (>7 eV) valence orbitals energy differences of atoms between the TM d orbital and the F 2p orbital; (2) an appropriate number of valence electrons within the range of 6-11; and (3) suitable electronegativity values less than 2.3 on the Pauli scale. More importantly, by synergistically invoking all of these rules, we predict, by combining a particle swarm optimization algorithm with first-principles calculation on the phase stabilities of the various TM-F compounds, a collection of new TMF6 species with the space group Pnma that have a +6 oxidation state. Subsequently, we develop an understanding of the high +6 oxidation state for the TM elements. These findings are expected to play a crucial role in the predictive discoveries of new fluorides with high oxidation states of +6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Ma
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Shichang Li
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Feng Peng
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Graubner T, Karttunen AJ, Kraus F. A Computational Study on Closed-Shell Molecular Hexafluorides MF 6 (M=S, Se, Te, Po, Xe, Rn, Cr, Mo, W, U) - Molecular Structure, Anharmonic Frequency Calculations, and Prediction of the NdF 6 Molecule. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200903. [PMID: 36688413 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical methods were used to study the molecular structure and anharmonic IR spectra of the experimentally known closed-shell molecular hexafluorides MF6 (M=S, Se, Te, Xe, Mo, W, U). First, the molecular structures and harmonic frequencies were investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with all-electron basis sets and explicitly considering the influence of spin-orbit coupling. Second, anharmonic frequencies and IR intensities were calculated with the CCSD(T) coupled cluster method and compared, where available, with IR spectra recorded by us. These comparisons showed satisfactory results. The anharmonic IR spectra provide means for identifying experimentally too little studied or unknown MF6 molecules with M=Cr, Po, Rn. To the best of our knowledge, we predict the NdF6 molecule for the first time and show it to be a true local minimum on the potential energy surface. We used intrinsic bond orbital (IBO) analyses to characterize the bonding situation in comparison with the UF6 molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Graubner
- Fluorchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antti J Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, 00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Florian Kraus
- Fluorchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mazej Z. Fluoride ion donor ability of binary fluorides towards the Lewis acids AsF5 and SbF5. J Fluor Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2022.110073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
10
|
Eder T, Buß F, Wilm LFB, Seidl M, Podewitz M, Dielmann F. Oxidative Fluorination of Selenium and Tellurium Compounds using a Thermally Stable Phosphonium SF 5 - Salt Accessible from SF 6. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209067. [PMID: 36018610 PMCID: PMC9826459 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated group 16 moieties are attractive building blocks in synthetic chemistry but only few synthetic methods are available to prepare them. Herein, we report a new oxidative fluorination reagent capable of stabilizing reactive fluorinated anions. It consists of an SF5 - anion and a chemically inert phosphonium cation and is exceptionally thermally stable. Accordingly, it was used to generate the SeF5 - and TeF5 - anions from the elemental chalcogens and to prepare the unknown tetrafluoro(phenyl)-λ5 -selenate PhSeF4 - and -tellurate PhTeF4 - from the corresponding diphenyl dichalcogenides. In addition, we show that further derivatization of [PhTeF4 ]- by oxidation to trans-PhTeF4 O- and subsequent alkylation gives access to a new class of trans-(alkoxy)(phenyl)tetrafluoro-λ6 -tellanes (trans-PhTeF4 OR), thus providing an approach to introduce the functional group into organic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Eder
- Institute of GeneralInorganic and Theoretical ChemistryLeopold-Franzens-Universität InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria,Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 28–3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Florenz Buß
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 28–3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Lukas F. B. Wilm
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 28–3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of GeneralInorganic and Theoretical ChemistryLeopold-Franzens-Universität InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Maren Podewitz
- Institute of Materials ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institute of GeneralInorganic and Theoretical ChemistryLeopold-Franzens-Universität InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
da Silva Santos M, Stüker T, Flach M, Ablyasova OS, Timm M, von Issendorff B, Hirsch K, Zamudio‐Bayer V, Riedel S, Lau JT. The Highest Oxidation State of Rhodium: Rhodium(VII) in [RhO 3 ] . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207688. [PMID: 35818987 PMCID: PMC9544489 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the highest possible oxidation states of all transition elements are rare, they are not only of fundamental interest but also relevant as potentially strong oxidizing agents. In general, the highest oxidation states are found in the electron-rich late transition elements of groups 7-9 of the periodic table. Rhodium is the first element of the 4d transition metal series for which the highest known oxidation state does not equal its group number of 9, but reaches only a significantly lower value of +6 in exceptional cases. Higher oxidation states of rhodium have remained elusive so far. In a combined mass spectrometry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and quantum-chemical study of gas-phaseR h O n + (n=1-4), we identifyR h O 3 + as the1 A 1 ' trioxidorhodium(VII) cation, the first chemical species to contain rhodium in the +7 oxidation state, which is the third-highest oxidation state experimentally verified among all elements in the periodic table.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara da Silva Santos
- Physikalisches InstitutAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Tony Stüker
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie–Anorganische ChemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Max Flach
- Physikalisches InstitutAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Olesya S. Ablyasova
- Physikalisches InstitutAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Timm
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Physikalisches InstitutAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
| | - Konstantin Hirsch
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Vicente Zamudio‐Bayer
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie–Anorganische ChemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - J. Tobias Lau
- Physikalisches InstitutAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Eder T, Buß F, Wilm LFB, Seidl M, Podewitz M, Dielmann F. Oxidative Fluorination of Selenium and Tellurium Compounds using a Thermally Stable Phosphonium SF5‐ Salt Accessible from SF6. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Eder
- Leopold Franzens Universität für Innsbruck: Universitat Innsbruck Inorganic Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Florenz Buß
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Lukas F. B. Wilm
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Michael Seidl
- Leopold Franzens Universität für Innsbruck: Universitat Innsbruck Inorganic Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Maren Podewitz
- TU Wien: Technische Universitat Wien Institute of Materials Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Universitat Innsbruck Fakultat fur Chemie und Pharmazie Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie Innrain 80-82 6020 Innsbruck AUSTRIA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
da Silva Santos M, Stüker T, Flach M, Ablyasova OS, Timm M, von Issendorff B, Hirsch K, Zamudio-Bayer V, Riedel S, Lau JT. The Highest Oxidation State of Rhodium: Rhodium(VII) in [RhO3]+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara da Silva Santos
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Physics Albert-Eistein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Tony Stüker
- Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Max Flach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Olesya S. Ablyasova
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Martin Timm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg Physikalisches Institut Hermann-Herder-Straße 3 79104 Freiburg GERMANY
| | - Konstantin Hirsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Vicente Zamudio-Bayer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - J. Tobias Lau
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Taponard A, Jarrosson T, Khrouz L, Médebielle M, Broggi J, Tlili A. Metal-Free SF 6 Activation: A New SF 5 -Based Reagent Enables Deoxyfluorination and Pentafluorosulfanylation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204623. [PMID: 35471641 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The activation of SF6 , a potent greenhouse gas, under metal-free and visible light conditions is reported. Herein, mechanistic investigations including EPR spectroscopy, NMR studies and cyclic voltammetry allowed the rational design of a new fluorinating reagent which was synthesized from the 2-electron activation of SF6 with commercially available TDAE. This new SF5 -based reagent was efficiently employed for the deoxyfluorination of CO2 and the fluorinative desulfurization of CS2 allowing the formation of useful fluorinated amines. Moreover, for the first time we demonstrated that our SF5 -based reagent could afford the mild generation of Cl-SF5 gas. This finding was exploited for the chloro-pentafluorosulfanylation of alkynes and alkenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Taponard
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Tristan Jarrosson
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lhoussain Khrouz
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Maurice Médebielle
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR)ICR UMR 7273, Faculty of Pharmacy, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Anis Tlili
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Taponard A, Jarrosson T, Khrouz L, Médebielle M, Broggi J, Tlili A. Metal‐Free SF
6
Activation: A New SF
5
‐Based Reagent Enables Deoxyfluorination and Pentafluorosulfanylation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Taponard
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246) Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Tristan Jarrosson
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246) Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Lhoussain Khrouz
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182 46 allée d'Italie 69364 Lyon France
| | - Maurice Médebielle
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246) Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR)ICR UMR 7273 Faculty of Pharmacy 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille France
| | - Anis Tlili
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246) Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hosseini F, Hadadzadeh H, Farrokhpour H, Jouypazadeh H. Theoretical study of the mechanism of Te (g) + 3F 2 (g)→TeF 6 (g). Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2059411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hassan Hadadzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lin J, Yang Q, Li X, Zhang X, Li F, Yang G. Pressure-stabilized hexafluorides of first-row transition metals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1736-1742. [PMID: 34985073 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04446j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine chemistry was demonstrated to show the importance of stretching the limits of chemical synthesis, oxidation state, and chemical bonding at ambient conditions. Thus far, the highest fluorine stoichiometry of a neutral first-row transition-metal fluoride is five, in VF5 and CrF5. Pressure can stabilize new stoichiometric compounds that are inaccessible at ambient conditions. Here, we attempted to delineate the fluorination limits of first-row transition metals at a high pressure through first-principles swarm-intelligence structure searching simulations. Besides reproducing the known compounds, our extensive search has resulted in a plethora of unreported compounds: CrF6, MnF6, FeF4, FeF5, FeF6, and CoF4, indicating that the application of pressure achieves not only the fluorination limit (e.g., hexafluoride) but also the long-sought bulky tetrafluorides. Our current results provide a significant step forward towards a comprehensive understanding of the fluorination limit of first-row transition metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China. .,College of Physics, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Qiuping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China. .,Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China. .,Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Guochun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China. .,Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kuntar SP, Ghosh A, Ghanty TK. Theoretical prediction of FNgM3–kHk (Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn; M = Cu, Ag and Au; k = 0–2) molecules. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.2020924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrahmanya Prasad Kuntar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
- Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ayan Ghosh
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
- Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Beam Technology Development Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Tapan K. Ghanty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
- Bio Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kuntar SP, Ghosh A, Ghanty TK. Existence of Noble Gas Inserted Phosphorus Fluorides: FNgPF 2 and FNgPF 4 with Ng-P Covalent Bond (Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe and Rn). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20466-20479. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02329f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Very limited literature on noble gas (Ng)-phosphorous chemical bonding and our recent theoretical prediction of FNgP molecule motivates us to explore a unique novel class of neutral noble gas inserted...
Collapse
|
20
|
Sakr AK, Snelling H, Young NA. Experimental Evidence for the Molecular Molybdenum Fluorides MoF to MoF 6: a matrix isolation and DFT investigation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06062g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
All of the molecular molybdenum fluorides, MoF to MoF6, have been synthesised from the reaction of molybdenum atoms with fluorine molecules and atoms, trapped in argon matrices, and characterised by...
Collapse
|
21
|
Haufe G. Synthesis and application of pentafluorosulfanylation reagents and derived aliphatic SF5-containing building blocks. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
22
|
He H, Liao Y, Zuo W, Li G, Gu J, Li Y, Hu Z, Yang Y. Enhancing the Reduction Kinetics of LiSF 6 Batteries by Dispersed Cobalt Phthalocyanines on Porous Carbon. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103778. [PMID: 34632702 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reducing SF6 (as gas cathode) in Li batteries is a promising concept for the double benefit of mildly converting greenhouse SF6 and providing a high theoretical energy density of 3922 Wh kg-1 . However, the reduction process is hampered by its sluggish kinetics. Here, cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) molecules immobilized on porous carbon matrix are, for the first time, introduced to the LiSF6 chemistry to deliver an enhanced energy density. It is revealed that the high redox potential of Co(II)Pc/[Co(I)Pc]- (≈2.85 V) facilitates the formation of Co(I)N4 sites to catalyze the SF6 electrochemical reduction. By using highly porous holey nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages as carbon matrix, the LiSF6 cells deliver a high discharge voltage of 2.82 V at 50 mA gC+CoPc -1 and an unprecedented areal capacity of 25 mAh cm-2 at 0.1 mA cm-2 , much superior to previous results. This work opens up new possibilities for high-efficiency conversion of SF6 in lithium batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huajin He
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Ying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Wenhua Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Guochang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jiabao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yixiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nikitin MI, Malkerova IP, Kayumova DB, Alikhanyan AS. Enthalpies of Formation of Chromium Fluorides. II. Higher Fluorides CrF4, CrF5, and CrF6. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
24
|
Matsumoto K, Gerken M. Recent advances in sulfur tetrafluoride chemistry: syntheses, structures, and applications. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12791-12799. [PMID: 34499061 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02704b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur and fluorine occupy crucial positions in main group chemistry because these two elements form a variety of compounds with versatile bond modalities and unique functionalities. Among sulfur-fluorine compounds, the importance of SF4 and its derivatives is recognized in the literature. The amphoteric nature of SF4 results in its rich Lewis acidic and basic reactivities; the reactions with F- acceptors and donors yield [SF3]+ and [SF5]- salts, respectively. Lewis basic molecules can also form adducts with SF4via various interaction motifs. The deoxofluorinating properties of SF4 have been used by organic chemists to selectively introduce fluorine atoms in specific substrates, extending also to industrial applications. Although the properties and reactivity of SF4 have been studied since its first synthesis, the recent progress in the SF4-related chemistry is striking, involving various fields of chemistry. In this Frontier article, recent advances, mainly the last ten years, in syntheses and structures of SF4-related compounds including its cationic and anionic derivatives and adducts with Lewis bases are concisely reviewed. Their uses in fundamental and applied inorganic chemistries are also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Michael Gerken
- Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chemnitz T, Buchner M, Petry W, Kraus F. Plasmachemical synthesis of the binary hexafluorides of Mo, Os, Ir, Te, and U. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
26
|
Sheldon DJ, Crimmin MR. Complete deconstruction of SF 6 by an aluminium(I) compound. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7096-7099. [PMID: 34159971 PMCID: PMC8291285 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02838c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The room-temperature activation of SF6, a potent greenhouse gas, is reported using a monovalent aluminium(i) reagent to form well-defined aluminium(iii) fluoride and aluminium(iii) sulfide products. New reactions have been developed to utilise the aluminium(iii) fluoride and aluminium(iii) sulfide as a nucleophilic source of F− and S2− for a range of electrophiles. The overall reaction sequence results in the net transfer of fluorine or sulfur atoms from an environmentally detrimental gas to useful organic products. The room-temperature activation of SF6, a potent greenhouse gas, is reported using a monovalent aluminium(i) reagent to form well-defined aluminium(iii) fluoride and aluminium(iii) sulfide products.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Senges G, Li L, Wodyński A, Beckers H, Müller R, Kaupp M, Riedel S. Matrix Isolation Spectroscopic and Relativistic Quantum Chemical Study of Molecular Platinum Fluorides PtF n (n=1-6) Reveals Magnetic Bistability of PtF 4. Chemistry 2021; 27:13642-13650. [PMID: 34289174 PMCID: PMC8518493 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Molecular platinum fluorides PtFn, n=1–6, are prepared by two different routes, photo‐initiated fluorine elimination from PtF6 embedded in solid noble‐gas matrices, and the reaction of elemental fluorine with laser‐ablated platinum atoms. IR spectra of the reaction products isolated in rare‐gas matrices under cryogenic conditions provide, for the first time, experimental vibrational frequencies of molecular PtF3, PtF4 and PtF5. Photolysis of PtF6 enabled a highly efficient and almost quantitative formation of molecular PtF4, whereas both PtF5 and PtF3 were formed simultaneously by subsequent UV irradiation of PtF4. The vibrational spectra of these molecular platinum fluorides were assigned with the help of one‐ and two‐component quasirelativistic DFT computation to account for scalar relativistic and spin–orbit coupling effects. Competing Jahn‐Teller and spin–orbit coupling effects result in a magnetic bistability of PtF4, for which a spin‐triplet (3B2g, D2h) coexists with an electronic singlet state (1A1g, D4h) in solid neon matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gene Senges
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lin Li
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Artur Wodyński
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Müller
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Weitkamp RF, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Non-coordinated and Hydrogen Bonded Phenolate Anions as One-Electron Reducing Agents. Chemistry 2021; 27:6465-6478. [PMID: 33368714 PMCID: PMC8247865 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the syntheses of non-coordinated electron-rich phenolate anions via deprotonation of the corresponding alcohols with an extremely powerful perethyl tetraphosphazene base (Schwesinger base) are reported. The application of uncharged phosphazenes renders the selective preparation of anionic phenol-phenolate and phenolate hydrates possible, which allows for the investigation of hydrogen bonding in these species. Hydrogen bonding brings about decreased redox potentials relative to the corresponding non-coordinated phenolate anions. The latter show redox potentials of up to -0.72(1) V vs. SCE, which is comparable to that of zinc metal, thus qualifying their application as organic zinc mimics. We utilized phenolates as reducing agents for the generation of radical anions in addition to the corresponding phenoxyl radicals. A tetracyanoethylene radical anion salt was synthesized and fully characterized as a representative example. We also present the activation of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6 ) with phenolates in a SET reaction, in which the nature of the respective phenolate determines whether simple fluorides or pentafluorosulfanide ([SF5 ]- ) salts are formed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin F. Weitkamp
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Weitkamp RF, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Non-Coordinated Phenolate Anions and Their Application in SF 6 Activation. Chemistry 2021; 27:6460-6464. [PMID: 32776547 PMCID: PMC8247349 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the strong monophosphazene base with the weakly acidic phenol leads to the formation of a phenol-phenolate anion with a moderately strong hydrogen bond. Application of the more powerful tetraphosphazene base (Schwesinger base) renders the isolation of the corresponding salt with a free phenolate anion possible. This compound represents the first species featuring the free phenolate anion [H5 C6 -O]- . The deprotonation of phenol derivatives with tetraphosphazene bases represents a great way for the clean preparation of salts featuring free phenolate anions and in addition allows the selective syntheses of hydrogen bonded phenol-phenolate salts. This work presents a phosphazenium phenolate salt with a redox potential of -0.72 V and its capability for the selective activation of the chemically inert greenhouse gas SF6 . The performed two-electron reduction of SF6 leads to phosphazenium pentafluorosulfanide ([SF5 ]- ) and fluoride salts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin F. Weitkamp
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Matsumoto K, Shima K, Sugimoto T, Inoue T, Hagiwara R. Generation of Elemental Fluorine through the Electrolysis of Copper Difluoride at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Energy Science Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Keita Shima
- Graduate School of Energy Science Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Takuya Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Energy Science Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Graduate School of Energy Science Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Rika Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Energy Science Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Matsumoto K, Shima K, Sugimoto T, Inoue T, Hagiwara R. Generation of Elemental Fluorine through the Electrolysis of Copper Difluoride at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7887-7892. [PMID: 33428321 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The safe generation of F2 gas at room temperature by using simple cell configurations has been the "holy grail" of fluorine research for centuries. Thus, to address this issue, we report generation of F2 gas through the electrolysis of CuF2 in a CsF-2.45HF molten salt without the evolution of H2 gas. The CuF2 is selected through a series of thermodynamic and kinetic assessments of possible metal fluorides. Anode assessments on graphite and glass-like carbon demonstrate the effect of the absence of the anode during generation of F2 gas owing to stabilized operations at room temperature. Although the Ni anode dissolves during electrolysis in the conventional medium-temperature cell, herein, it facilitates stable electrolysis over 100 h, achieving an F2 gas purity of over 99 % with the potential to operate using one-compartment electrolysis. This work presents a safe and propitious method for the generation of high-purity F2 gas for small-scale lab and industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keita Shima
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Rika Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kataeva T, Shchepkin D, Golubkova O, Asfin R. Reflection-absorption FTIR study of SF6 thin films in combinational modes region. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
33
|
Frontera A. Noble Gas Bonding Interactions Involving Xenon Oxides and Fluorides. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153419. [PMID: 32731517 PMCID: PMC7435756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Noble gas (or aerogen) bond (NgB) can be outlined as the attractive interaction between an electron-rich atom or group of atoms and any element of Group-18 acting as an electron acceptor. The IUPAC already recommended systematic nomenclature for the interactions of groups 17 and 16 (halogen and chalcogen bonds, respectively). Investigations dealing with noncovalent interactions involving main group elements (acting as Lewis acids) have rapidly grown in recent years. They are becoming acting players in essential fields such as crystal engineering, supramolecular chemistry, and catalysis. For obvious reasons, the works devoted to the study of noncovalent Ng-bonding interactions are significantly less abundant than halogen, chalcogen, pnictogen, and tetrel bonding. Nevertheless, in this short review, relevant theoretical and experimental investigations on noncovalent interactions involving Xenon are emphasized. Several theoretical works have described the physical nature of NgB and their interplay with other noncovalent interactions, which are discussed herein. Moreover, exploring the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD), it is demonstrated that NgB interactions are crucial in governing the X-ray packing of xenon derivatives. Concretely, special attention is given to xenon fluorides and xenon oxides, since they exhibit a strong tendency to establish NgBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lin J, Du X, Rahm M, Yu H, Xu H, Yang G. Exploring the Limits of Transition‐Metal Fluorination at High Pressures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Lin
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Xin Du
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Martin Rahm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Hong Yu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Guochun Yang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gomila RM, Frontera A. Covalent and Non-covalent Noble Gas Bonding Interactions in XeF n Derivatives ( n = 2-6): A Combined Theoretical and ICSD Analysis. Front Chem 2020; 8:395. [PMID: 32435634 PMCID: PMC7218167 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A noble gas bond (also known in the literature as aerogen bond) can be defined as the attractive interaction between any element of group-18 acting as a Lewis acid and any electron rich atom of group of atoms, thus following the IUPAC recommendation available for similar π,σ-hole interactions involving elements of groups 17 (halogens) and 16 (chalcogens). A significant difference between noble gas bonding (NgB) and halogen (HaB) or chalcogen (ChB) bonding is that whilst the former is scarcely found in the literature, HaB and ChB are very common and their applications in important fields like catalysis, biochemistry or crystal engineering have exponentially grown in the last decade. This article combines theory and experiment to highlight the importance of non-covalent NgBs in the solid state of several xenon fluorides [XeFn]m+ were the central oxidation state of Xe varies from +2 to +6 and the number of fluorine atoms varies from n = 2 to 6. The compounds with an odd number of fluorine atoms (n = 3 and 5) are cationic (m = 1). The Inorganic Crystal Structural Database (ICSD) strongly evidences the relevance of NgBs in the solid state structures of xenon derivatives. The ability of Xe compounds to participate in π,σ-hole interactions has been studied using different types of electron donors (Lewis bases and anions) using DFT calculations (PBE1PBE-D3/def2-TZVP) and the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Gomila
- Serveis Cientificotècnics, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Schorpp M, Heizmann T, Schmucker M, Rein S, Weber S, Krossing I. Synthesis and Application of a Perfluorinated Ammoniumyl Radical Cation as a Very Strong Deelectronator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9453-9459. [PMID: 32187797 PMCID: PMC7317951 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The perfluorinated dihydrophenazine derivative (perfluoro-5,10-bis(perfluorophenyl)-5,10-dihydrophenazine) ("phenazineF ") can be easily transformed to a stable and weighable radical cation salt by deelectronation (i.e. oxidation) with Ag[Al(ORF )4 ]/ Br2 mixtures (RF =C(CF3 )3 ). As an innocent deelectronator it has a strong and fully reversible half-wave potential versus Fc+ /Fc in the coordinating solvent MeCN (E°'=1.21 V), but also in almost non-coordinating oDFB (=1,2-F2 C6 H4 ; E°'=1.29 V). It allows for the deelectronation of [FeIII Cp*2 ]+ to [FeIV (CO)Cp*2 ]2+ and [FeIV (CN-t Bu)Cp*2 ]2+ in common laboratory solvents and is compatible with good σ-donor ligands, such as L=trispyrazolylmethane, to generate novel [M(L)x ]n+ complex salts from the respective elemental metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schorpp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Heizmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximillian Schmucker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Rein
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schorpp M, Heizmann T, Schmucker M, Rein S, Weber S, Krossing I. Synthesis and Application of a Perfluorinated Ammoniumyl Radical Cation as a Very Strong Deelectronator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schorpp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Tim Heizmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Maximillian Schmucker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Stephan Rein
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dirican D, Pfister N, Wozniak M, Braun T. Reactivity of Binary and Ternary Sulfur Halides towards Transition-Metal Compounds. Chemistry 2020; 26:6945-6963. [PMID: 31840851 PMCID: PMC7318666 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Binary sulfur fluorides exhibit an interesting reactivity towards transition metal complexes. They open up routes for the generation of sulfur‐containing building blocks. Often ligands with particular properties can be constructed. This includes their ability to transfer sulfur atoms or polysulfide units as well as fluorination reactions. This Minireview provides an insight into the reactivity of the binary and ternary sulfur halides S2Cl2, SCl2, SF4, SF6 and SF5Cl towards transition‐metal compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilcan Dirican
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Pfister
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wozniak
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lin J, Du X, Rahm M, Yu H, Xu H, Yang G. Exploring the Limits of Transition-Metal Fluorination at High Pressures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9155-9162. [PMID: 32150319 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorination is a proven method for challenging the limits of chemistry, both structurally and electronically. Here we explore computationally how pressures below 300 GPa affect the fluorination of several transition metals. A plethora of new structural phases are predicted along with the possibility for synthesizing four unobserved compounds: TcF7 , CdF3 , OsF8 , and IrF8 . The Ir and Os octaflourides are both predicted to be stable as quasi-molecular phases with an unusual cubic ligand coordination, and both compounds formally correspond to a high oxidation state of +8. Electronic-structure analysis reveals that otherwise unoccupied 6p levels are brought down in energy by the combined effects of pressure and a strong ligand field. The valence expansion of Os and Ir enables ligand-to-metal F 2p→M 6p charge transfer that strengthens M-F bonds and decreases the overall bond polarity. The lower stability of IrF8 , and the instability of PtF8 and several other compounds below 300 GPa, is explained by the occupation of M-F antibonding orbitals in octafluorides with a metal-valence-electron count exceeding 8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Lin
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xin Du
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Martin Rahm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hong Yu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mazej Z, Goreshnik E. Syntheses of Dioxygenyl Salts by Photochemical Reactions in Liquid Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride: X-ray Crystal Structures of α- and β-O 2Sn 2F 9, O 2Sn 2F 9·0.9HF, O 2GeF 5·HF, and O 2[Hg(HF)] 4(SbF 6) 9. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2092-2103. [PMID: 31942804 PMCID: PMC7307900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
By treating gaseous,
liquid, or solid fluorides with UV-photolyzed
O2/F2 mixtures and by treating solid oxides
with UV-photolyzed F2 (or O2/F2 mixtures)
in liquid anhydrous HF at ambient temperature, we investigated the
possibility of the preparation of O2MIIIF4 (M = B, Fe, Co, Ag), O2MIVF5 (M = Ti, Sn, Pb), (O2)2MIVF6 (M = Ti, Ge, Sn, Pb, Pd, Ni, Mn), O2MIV2F9 (M = Sn), O2MVF6 (M = As, Sb, Au, Pt), O2MV2F11 (M = Pt), O2MVIF7 (M = Se), (O2)2MVIF8 (M = Mo, W), and O2MVIIF8 (M =
I). The approach has been successful in the case of previously known
O2BF4, O2MF6 (M = As,
Sb, Au; Pt), O2GeF5, and (O2)2(Ti7F30). Novel compounds O2GeF5·HF, α-O2Sn2F9 (1-D), and the HF-solvated and nonsolvated forms of β-O2Sn2F9 (2-D) were synthesized and their
crystal structures determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
The crystal structures of all of these materials arise from the condensation
of octahedral MF6 (M = Ge, Sn) units. The anion in the
crystal structure of O2GeF5·HF is comprised
of infinite ([GeF5]−)∞ chains of GeF6 octahedra that share common vertices.
The HF molecules and O2+ cations are located
between the chains. The crystal structure of α-O2SnF9 (1-D) is constructed from [O2]+ cations and polymeric ([Sn2F9]−)∞ anions which appear as two parallel infinite
chains comprised of SnF6 units, where each SnF6 unit of one chain is connected to a SnF6 unit of the
second chain through a shared fluorine vertex. The single-crystal
structure determination of [O2][Sn2F9]·0.9HF reveals that it is comprised of two-dimensional ([Sn2F9]−)∞ grids
with [O2]+ cations and HF molecules located
between them. The 2-D grids have a wavelike conformation. The ([Sn2F9]−)∞ layer
contains both six- and seven-coordinated Sn(IV) atoms that are interconnected
by bridging fluorine atoms. A new, more complex [O2]+ salt, O2[Hg(HF)]4[SbF6]9, was prepared. In its crystal structure, the Hg atoms bridge
to SbF6 units to form a 3-D framework. The O2+ cations are located inside the voids while the HF molecules
are bound to Hg atoms through the F atom. Attempts to prepare several
chlorine analogues of O2+ fluorine salts (i.e.,
O2TiCl5 and O2MCl6 (M
= Nb, Sb)) failed. Reactions between
fluorides and/or oxides and UV-irradiated
F2 and/or F2/O2 mixtures were carried
out in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride at ambient temperature to prepare
O2+ salts. The crystal structures of O2GeF5·HF and O2GeF5 consist
of infinite polymeric ([GeF5]−)∞ anions. The O2Sn2F9 salt exhibits
polymorphism consisting of a 1-D phase built from double chainlike
([Sn2F9]−)∞ anions and a 2-D phase built from layerlike anions. The latter also
exists as a solvated form O2Sn2F9·nHF. The crystal structure of O2[Hg(HF)]4(SbF6)9 is isotypic to
that of H3O[Cd(HF)]4(SbF6)9. The Hg atoms are bridged by SbF6 groups forming a 3-D
framework with O2+ cations located inside the
voids. The HF molecules are bound to Hg atoms through the F atom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Mazej
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology , Jožef Stefan Institute , Jamova Cesta 39 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Evgeny Goreshnik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology , Jožef Stefan Institute , Jamova Cesta 39 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
XeF6 has multiple C3v equivalent minima due to the Jahn–Teller effect. Through computational means we prove that the rearrangement between isomers occurs through fluorine quantum mechanical tunnelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itzhak Sedgi
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 841051
- Israel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
| | - Sebastian Kozuch
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 841051
- Israel
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gao C, Hu SX, Han H, Guo G, Suo B, Zou W. Exploring the electronic structure and stability of HgF6: Exact 2-Component (X2C) relativistic DFT and NEVPT2 studies. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
43
|
Levason W, Monzittu FM, Reid G. Coordination chemistry and applications of medium/high oxidation state metal and non-metal fluoride and oxide-fluoride complexes with neutral donor ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
44
|
Lin J, Zhao Z, Liu C, Zhang J, Du X, Yang G, Ma Y. IrF8 Molecular Crystal under High Pressure. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5409-5414. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Lin
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhao
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xin Du
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics and International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jung H, Hwang J, Chun H, Han B. Elucidation of hydrolysis reaction mechanism of tungsten hexafluoride (WF6) using first-principles calculations. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
46
|
Ao B, Lu H, Yang Z, Qiu R, Hu SX. Unraveling the highest oxidation states of actinides in solid-state compounds with a particular focus on plutonium. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4732-4737. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05990j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The nature and extent of the highest oxidation states (HOSs) in solid-state actinide compounds are still unexplored compared with those of small molecules, and there is burgeoning interest in studying the actinide–ligand bonding nature in the condensed state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyun Ao
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621908
- China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621908
- China
| | - Zhenfei Yang
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621908
- China
| | - Ruizhi Qiu
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621908
- China
| | - Shu-Xian Hu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center
- Beijing 100193
- China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Syntheses, characterisation, and computational studies of tungsten hexafluoride adducts with pyridine and its derivatives. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
48
|
Riddlestone IM, Kraft A, Schaefer J, Krossing I. Die Schöne (WCA) und das (kationische) Biest: Neues aus der Chemie von und mit schwach koordinierenden Anionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Riddlestone
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Anne Kraft
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Julia Schaefer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Riddlestone IM, Kraft A, Schaefer J, Krossing I. Taming the Cationic Beast: Novel Developments in the Synthesis and Application of Weakly Coordinating Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13982-14024. [PMID: 29266644 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This Review gives a comprehensive overview of the most topical weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) and contains information on WCA design, stability, and applications. As an update to the 2004 review, developments in common classes of WCA are included. Methods for the incorporation of WCAs into a given system are discussed and advice given on how to best choose a method for the introduction of a particular WCA. A series of starting materials for a large number of WCA precursors and references are tabulated as a useful resource when looking for procedures to prepare WCAs. Furthermore, a collection of scales that allow the performance of a WCA, or its underlying Lewis acid, to be judged is collated with some advice on how to use them. The examples chosen to illustrate WCA developments are taken from a broad selection of topics where WCAs play a role. In addition a section focusing on transition metal and catalysis applications as well as supporting electrolytes is also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Riddlestone
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kraft
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schaefer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Iakobson G, Pošta M, Beier P. Reductive activation of sulfur hexafluoride with TEMPOLi: Addition of the pentafluorosulfanyl group and TEMPO to terminal alkenes. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|