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Sayyad PW, Park SJ, Ha TJ. Recent advances in biosensors based on metal-oxide semiconductors system-integrated into bioelectronics. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 259:116407. [PMID: 38776800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Metal-oxide semiconductors (MOSs) have emerged as pivotal components in technology related to biosensors and bioelectronics. Detecting biomarkers in sweat provides a glimpse into an individual's metabolism without the need for sample preparation or collection steps. The distinctive attributes of this biosensing technology position it as an appealing option for biomedical applications beyond the scope of diagnosis and healthcare monitoring. This review encapsulates ongoing developments of cutting-edge biosensors based on MOSs. Recent advances in MOS-based biosensors for human sweat analyses are reviewed. Also discussed is the progress in sweat-based biosensing technologies to detect and monitor diseases. Next, system integration of biosensors is demonstrated ultimately to ensure the accurate and reliable detection and analysis of target biomarkers beyond individual devices. Finally, the challenges and opportunities related to advanced biosensors and bioelectronics for biomedical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasha W Sayyad
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Park
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Yang Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Shao C, Han Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Sun X, Wang L, Li Y, Guo Q, Wu W, Chen N, Qu L. Moisture-Electric-Moisture-Sensitive Heterostructure Triggered Proton Hopping for Quality-Enhancing Moist-Electric Generator. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:56. [PMID: 38108916 PMCID: PMC10728039 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Moisture-enabled electricity (ME) is a method of converting the potential energy of water in the external environment into electrical energy through the interaction of functional materials with water molecules and can be directly applied to energy harvesting and signal expression. However, ME can be unreliable in numerous applications due to its sluggish response to moisture, thus sacrificing the value of fast energy harvesting and highly accurate information representation. Here, by constructing a moisture-electric-moisture-sensitive (ME-MS) heterostructure, we develop an efficient ME generator with ultra-fast electric response to moisture achieved by triggering Grotthuss protons hopping in the sensitized ZnO, which modulates the heterostructure built-in interfacial potential, enables quick response (0.435 s), an unprecedented ultra-fast response rate of 972.4 mV s-1, and a durable electrical signal output for 8 h without any attenuation. Our research provides an efficient way to generate electricity and important insight for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of moisture-generated carrier migration in ME generator, which has a more comprehensive working scene and can serve as a typical model for human health monitoring and smart medical electronics design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya'nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314019, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxiang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Han
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314019, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314019, People's Republic of China
| | - Liru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314019, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314019, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314019, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314019, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314019, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liangti Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
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3
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Scala-Benuzzi M, Fernández SN, Giménez G, Ybarra G, Soler-Illia GJAA. Ordered Mesoporous Electrodes for Sensing Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24128-24152. [PMID: 37457464 PMCID: PMC10339336 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have become increasingly relevant in fields such as medicine, environmental monitoring, and industrial process control. Selectivity, specificity, sensitivity, signal reproducibility, and robustness are among the most important challenges for their development, especially when the target compound is present in low concentrations or in complex analytical matrices. In this context, electrode modification with Mesoporous Thin Films (MTFs) has aroused great interest in the past years. MTFs present high surface area, uniform pore distribution, and tunable pore size. Furthermore, they offer a wide variety of electrochemical signal modulation possibilities through molecular sieving, electrostatic or steric exclusion, and preconcentration effects which are due to mesopore confinement and surface functionalization. In order to fully exploit these advantages, it is central to develop reproducible routes for sensitive, selective, and robust MTF-modified electrodes. In addition, it is necessary to understand the complex mass and charge transport processes that take place through the film (particularly in the mesopores, pore surfaces, and interfaces) and on the electrode in order to design future intelligent and adaptive sensors. We present here an overview of MTFs applied to electrochemical sensing, in which we address their fabrication methods and the transport processes that are critical to the electrode response. We also summarize the current applications in biosensing and electroanalysis, as well as the challenges and opportunities brought by integrating MTF synthesis with electrode microfabrication, which is critical when moving from laboratory work to in situ sensing in the field of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- María
L. Scala-Benuzzi
- INTI-Micro
y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Nacional
de Tecnología Industrial, Av. Gral. Paz 5445, 1560 San Martín, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
- Instituto
de Nanosistemas, Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, UNSAM-CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo 1169, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sol N. Fernández
- INTI-Micro
y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Nacional
de Tecnología Industrial, Av. Gral. Paz 5445, 1560 San Martín, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
- Instituto
de Nanosistemas, Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, UNSAM-CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo 1169, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto
de Calidad Industrial (INCALIN-UNSAM), Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650 San Martín, Provincia
de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gustavo Giménez
- INTI-Micro
y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Nacional
de Tecnología Industrial, Av. Gral. Paz 5445, 1560 San Martín, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Ybarra
- INTI-Micro
y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Nacional
de Tecnología Industrial, Av. Gral. Paz 5445, 1560 San Martín, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Galo J. A. A. Soler-Illia
- Instituto
de Nanosistemas, Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, UNSAM-CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo 1169, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Panahi A, Ghafar-Zadeh E. Emerging Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors for Life Science Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:793. [PMID: 37508820 PMCID: PMC10375956 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Field-effect transistors (FETs) have gained significant interest and hold great potential as groundbreaking sensing technology in the fields of biosensing and life science research [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Panahi
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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5
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Organic small molecule semiconductor materials for OFET-based biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 216:114667. [PMID: 36099836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors is an advanced detection and monitoring device for the development of biotechnology, and is also a rapid and microanalytical device at the molecular level. Demands for high sensitivity, high flexibility, good biocompatibility, easy chemical modification and low cost offer incentive for exploring new materials to develop the next-generation biosensors. With the vigorous development of organic electronics, the performances of organic devices have been effectively improved, leading to organic semiconductor materials with low cost, good flexibility, easy chemical modification and good biocompatibility for biosensors. Biosensors based on organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have become one of the most advanced biosensor platforms because of their inherent ability to amplify received signals. Furthermore, OFET-based biosensors have been widely used in the detection of DNA, protein, cell, glucose and other biological substances due to its high sensitivity, fast analysis speed, label-free detection, small size and simple operation. This mini review briefly discusses the organic small molecule semiconductor materials, device configurations, basic principles and application fields of OFETs-based biosensors.
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6
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Qu R, Li G. Overview of Liquid Crystal Biosensors: From Basic Theory to Advanced Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:205. [PMID: 35448265 PMCID: PMC9032088 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs), as the remarkable optical materials possessing stimuli-responsive property and optical modulation property simultaneously, have been utilized to fabricate a wide variety of optical devices. Integrating the LCs and receptors together, LC biosensors aimed at detecting various biomolecules have been extensively explored. Compared with the traditional biosensing technologies, the LC biosensors are simple, visualized, and efficient. Owning to the irreplaceable superiorities, the research enthusiasm for the LC biosensors is rapidly rising. As a result, it is necessary to overview the development of the LC biosensors to guide future work. This article reviews the basic theory and advanced applications of LC biosensors. We first discuss different mesophases and geometries employed to fabricate LC biosensors, after which we introduce various detecting mechanisms involved in biomolecular detection. We then focus on diverse detection targets such as proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, glucose, cholesterol, bile acids, and lipopolysaccharides. For each of these targets, the development history and state-of-the-art work are exhibited in detail. Finally, the current challenges and potential development directions of the LC biosensors are introduced briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Qu
- Intelligent Optical Imaging and Sensing Group, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Intelligent Optical Imaging and Sensing Group, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
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7
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Wan Y, Zong C, Li X, Wang A, Li Y, Yang T, Bao Q, Dubow M, Yang M, Rodrigo LA, Mao C. New Insights for Biosensing: Lessons from Microbial Defense Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8126-8180. [PMID: 35234463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms have gained defense systems during the lengthy process of evolution over millions of years. Such defense systems can protect them from being attacked by invading species (e.g., CRISPR-Cas for establishing adaptive immune systems and nanopore-forming toxins as virulence factors) or enable them to adapt to different conditions (e.g., gas vesicles for achieving buoyancy control). These microorganism defense systems (MDS) have inspired the development of biosensors that have received much attention in a wide range of fields including life science research, food safety, and medical diagnosis. This Review comprehensively analyzes biosensing platforms originating from MDS for sensing and imaging biological analytes. We first describe a basic overview of MDS and MDS-inspired biosensing platforms (e.g., CRISPR-Cas systems, nanopore-forming proteins, and gas vesicles), followed by a critical discussion of their functions and properties. We then discuss several transduction mechanisms (optical, acoustic, magnetic, and electrical) involved in MDS-inspired biosensing. We further detail the applications of the MDS-inspired biosensors to detect a variety of analytes (nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, pathogens, cells, small molecules, and metal ions). In the end, we propose the key challenges and future perspectives in seeking new and improved MDS tools that can potentially lead to breakthrough discoveries in developing a new generation of biosensors with a combination of low cost; high sensitivity, accuracy, and precision; and fast detection. Overall, this Review gives a historical review of MDS, elucidates the principles of emulating MDS to develop biosensors, and analyzes the recent advancements, current challenges, and future trends in this field. It provides a unique critical analysis of emulating MDS to develop robust biosensors and discusses the design of such biosensors using elements found in MDS, showing that emulating MDS is a promising approach to conceptually advancing the design of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Chengli Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xiangpeng Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall 303C, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qing Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Michael Dubow
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), UMR 9198 CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Campus C.N.R.S, Bâtiment 12, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mingying Yang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Ledesma-Amaro Rodrigo
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
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Iwata T, Okumura Y, Okumura K, Horio T, Doi H, Takahashi K, Sawada K. Redox Sensor Array with 23.5-μm Resolution for Real-Time Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glutamate Based on Charge-Transfer-Type Potentiometric Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7682. [PMID: 34833757 PMCID: PMC8618362 DOI: 10.3390/s21227682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Towards clarifying the spatio-temporal neurotransmitter distribution, potentiometric redox sensor arrays with 23.5-µm resolution were fabricated. The sensor array based on a charge-transfer-type potentiometric sensor comprises 128×128 pixels with gold electrodes deposited on the surface of pixels. The sensor output corresponding to the interfacial potential of the electrode changed logarithmically with the mixture ratio of K3Fe(CN)6 and K4Fe(CN)6, where the redox sensitivity reached 49.9 mV/dec. By employing hydrogen peroxidase as an enzyme and ferrocene as an electron mediator, the sensing characteristics for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were investigated. The analyses of the sensing characteristics revealed that the sensitivity was about 44.7 mV/dec., comparable to the redox sensitivity, while the limit of detection (LOD) was achieved to be 1 µM. Furthermore, the oxidation state of the electron mediator can be the key to further lowering the LOD. Then, by immobilizing oxidizing enzyme for H2O2 and glutamate oxidase, glutamate (Glu) measurements were conducted. As a result, similar sensitivity and LOD to those of H2O2 were obtained. Finally, the real-time distribution of 1 µM Glu was visualized, demonstrating the feasibility of our device as a high-resolution bioimaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Iwata
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu 9390398, Japan
| | - Yuki Okumura
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Koichi Okumura
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Tomoko Horio
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Hideo Doi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazuaki Sawada
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
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Fabrication of a Robust In 2O 3 Nanolines FET Device as a Biosensor Platform. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12060642. [PMID: 34072848 PMCID: PMC8229030 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Field-effect transistors (FETs) are attractive biosensor platforms for rapid and accurate detection of various analytes through surface immobilization of specific bio-receptors. Since it is difficult to maintain the electrical stability of semiconductors of sensing channel under physiological conditions for long periods, passivation by a stable metal oxide dielectric layer, such as Al2O3 or HfO2, is currently used as a common method to prevent damage. However, protecting the sensing channel by passivation has the disadvantage that the distance between the target and the conductive channel increases, and the sensing signal will be degraded by Debye shielding. Even though many efforts use semiconductor materials directly as channels for biosensors, the electrical stability of semiconductors in the physiological environments has rarely been studied. In this work, an In2O3 nanolines FET device with high robustness in artificial physiological solution of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was fabricated and used as a platform for biosensors without employing passivation on the sensing channel. The FET device demonstrated reproducibility with an average threshold voltage (VTH) of 5.235 V and a standard deviation (SD) of 0.382 V. We tested the robustness of the In2O3 nanolines FET device in PBS solution and found that the device had a long-term electrical stability in PBS with more than 9 days’ exposure. Finally, we demonstrated its applicability as a biosensor platform by testing the biosensing performance towards miR-21 targets after immobilizing the phosphonic acid terminated DNA probes. Since the surface immobilization of multiple bioreceptors is feasible, we demonstrate that the robust In2O3 FET device can be an excellent biosensor platform for biosensors.
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Zhang M, Adkins M, Wang Z. Recent Progress on Semiconductor-Interface Facing Clinical Biosensing. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21103467. [PMID: 34065696 PMCID: PMC8156696 DOI: 10.3390/s21103467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor (SC)-based field-effect transistors (FETs) have been demonstrated as amazing enhancer gadgets due to their delicate interface towards surface adsorption. This leads to their application as sensors and biosensors. Additionally, the semiconductor material has enormous recognizable fixation extends, high affectability, high consistency for solid detecting, and the ability to coordinate with other microfluidic gatherings. This review focused on current progress on the semiconductor-interfaced FET biosensor through the fundamental interface structure of sensor design, including inorganic semiconductor/aqueous interface, photoelectrochemical interface, nano-optical interface, and metal-assisted interface. The works that also point to a further advancement for the trademark properties mentioned have been reviewed here. The emergence of research on the organic semiconductor interface, integrated biosensors with Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible, metal-organic frameworks, has accelerated the practical application of biosensors. Through a solid request for research along with sensor application, it will have the option to move forward the innovative sensor with the extraordinary semiconductor interface structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Zhang
- School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Mitchell Adkins
- Chemistry Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
| | - Zhe Wang
- Chemistry Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-248-370-2086
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11
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Wang JS, Sakthivel R, Anbazhagan R, Krishnamoorthi R, Kubendhiran S, Lai JY, Tsai HC, Chen SM. Electroactive polypyrrole-molybdenum disulfide nanocomposite for ultrasensitive detection of berberine in rat plasma. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1125:210-219. [PMID: 32674768 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Electroactive polypyrrole-molybdenum disulfide (MoP) nanocomposites were synthesized and used for modifying screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for ultrasensitive detection of berberine, an anticancer drug, in rat plasma. The electroactive nanocomposites were fabricated by exfoliating MoS2 followed by pyrrole polymerization. The effect of polypyrrole in the MoP nanocomposite was evaluated by varying the pyrrole concentration during polymerization, and the resulting nanocomposites prepared with pyrrole concentrations of 10, 20, 30 μL were named as MoP-1, MoP-2, and MoP-3, respectively. The electrochemical characterization of the three MoP nanocomposite sensors revealed that MoP-2/SPCE exhibited the highest electroactivity. The detection of berberine by the three MoP-coated SPCEs revealed that MoP-2/SPCE exhibited the highest activity against berberine due to a two-electron transfer mechanism on the MoP-2/SPCE electrode surface. The detection limit of berberine using the MoP-2/SPCE sensor was found to be about 0.05 μM, which is remarkably lower than the reported detection limits. The interference study proved the selectivity of the MoP-2/SPCE sensor toward berberine in the presence of other bioactive molecules and metal ions. The designed MoP-2/SPCE sensor retained 92% of its initial activity after 15 days of storage at room temperature, with RSD values of about 2.95% and 3.68% for the repeatability and reproducibility studies. Finally, the detection limit of berberine in a rat plasma sample determined using the MoP-2/SPCE sensor was found to be about 5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sheng Wang
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Rajalakshmi Sakthivel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rajeshkumar Anbazhagan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Rajakumari Krishnamoorthi
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Juin-Yih Lai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan.
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Orooji Y, Haddad Irani-Nezhad M, Hassandoost R, Khataee A, Rahim Pouran S, Joo SW. Cerium doped magnetite nanoparticles for highly sensitive detection of metronidazole via chemiluminescence assay. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 234:118272. [PMID: 32229321 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cerium doped magnetite nanoparticle (CDM) was synthesized via a co-precipitation method and used as the co-reactant of luminol-K3Fe(CN)6 chemiluminescent system. The physical-chemical features of CDM were studied by XPS, XRD, HRTEM, FESEM, VSM, BET, and FTIR analyses. This simple and highly sensitive nanoprobe enabled the determination of minor concentrations of metronidazole (MNZ). Owing to the quenching efficacy of MNZ in the studied chemiluminescence system, a linear range of 3.47 × 10-6-9.37 × 10-5 mol/L was obtained with a limit of detection of 3.91 × 10-7 mol/L. This biosensor was used for MNZ detection in human serum samples, which was highly efficient. The outcomes of this study give credit to the proposed biosensor to be applied for detection of MNZ in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Orooji
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159, Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mahsa Haddad Irani-Nezhad
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Hassandoost
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - Shima Rahim Pouran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea.
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13
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VLSI Structures for DNA Sequencing-A Survey. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7020049. [PMID: 32486381 PMCID: PMC7355958 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA sequencing is a critical functionality in biomedical research, and technical advances that improve it have important implications for human health. Novel methods by which sequencing can be accomplished in more accurate, high-throughput, and faster ways are in development. Here, we review VLSI biosensors for nucleotide detection and DNA sequencing. Implementation strategies are discussed and split into function-specific architectures that are presented for reported design examples from the literature. Lastly, we briefly introduce a new approach to sequencing using Gate All-Around (GAA) nanowire Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) that has significant implications for the field.
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14
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Sassa F, Biswas GC, Suzuki H. Microfabricated electrochemical sensing devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1358-1389. [PMID: 32129358 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry provides possibilities to realize smart microdevices of the next generation with high functionalities. Electrodes, which constitute major components of electrochemical devices, can be formed by various microfabrication techniques, and integration of the same (or different) components for that purpose is not difficult. Merging this technique with microfluidics can further expand the areas of application of the resultant devices. To augment the development of next generation devices, it will be beneficial to review recent technological trends in this field and clarify the directions required for moving forward. Even when limiting the discussion to electrochemical microdevices, a variety of useful techniques should be considered. Therefore, in this review, we attempted to provide an overview of all relevant techniques in this context in the hope that it can provide useful comprehensive information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Sassa
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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15
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Iman K, Shahid M, Ahmad M. A novel self-assembled Na{Cu12Zn4} multifunctional material: first report of a discrete coordination compound for detection of Ca2+ions and selective adsorption of cationic dyes in water. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3423-3433. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04461b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel discrete Na{Cu12Zn4} unit is discovered with the ability to sense calcium ions (with ultra-low detection limit) as well as to adsorb cationic dyes in the aqueous phase with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Iman
- Functional Inorganic Materials Lab (FIML), Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh-202002
- India
| | - M. Shahid
- Functional Inorganic Materials Lab (FIML), Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh-202002
- India
| | - Musheer Ahmad
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh-202002
- India
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16
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Napi MLM, Sultan SM, Ismail R, How KW, Ahmad MK. Electrochemical-Based Biosensors on Different Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: A Review. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12182985. [PMID: 31540160 PMCID: PMC6766311 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors have shown great potential in the medical diagnosis field. The performance of electrochemical biosensors depends on the sensing materials used. ZnO nanostructures play important roles as the active sites where biological events occur, subsequently defining the sensitivity and stability of the device. ZnO nanostructures have been synthesized into four different dimensional formations, which are zero dimensional (nanoparticles and quantum dots), one dimensional (nanorods, nanotubes, nanofibers, and nanowires), two dimensional (nanosheets, nanoflakes, nanodiscs, and nanowalls) and three dimensional (hollow spheres and nanoflowers). The zero-dimensional nanostructures could be utilized for creating more active sites with a larger surface area. Meanwhile, one-dimensional nanostructures provide a direct and stable pathway for rapid electron transport. Two-dimensional nanostructures possess a unique polar surface for enhancing the immobilization process. Finally, three-dimensional nanostructures create extra surface area because of their geometric volume. The sensing performance of each of these morphologies toward the bio-analyte level makes ZnO nanostructures a suitable candidate to be applied as active sites in electrochemical biosensors for medical diagnostic purposes. This review highlights recent advances in various dimensions of ZnO nanostructures towards electrochemical biosensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Luqman Mohd Napi
- Computational Nanoelectronic Research Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru, Skudai 81310, Malaysia
| | - Suhana Mohamed Sultan
- Computational Nanoelectronic Research Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru, Skudai 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Razali Ismail
- Computational Nanoelectronic Research Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru, Skudai 81310, Malaysia
| | - Khoo Wei How
- Computational Nanoelectronic Research Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru, Skudai 81310, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairul Ahmad
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Centre, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia
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17
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Qiang Q, Qin J, Ma Y, Wang Z, Zhao C. Robust Conductive Micropatterns on PTFE Achieved via Selective UV-Induced Graft Copolymerization for Flexible Electronic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:5517-5525. [PMID: 30628441 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of stable and functional patterns on the surface of PTFE remains a great technical challenge owing to its inertness and high hydrophobicity. Here, we report for the first time the fabrication of functional micropatterns on the PTFE surface by selectively irradiating plasma-treated PTFE coated with the monomer solution. A series of uniform highly dense poly(dopamine methacrylamide) (denoted as PDMA) line patterns with line/pitch widths of 20/20 and 50/50 μm are fabricated on the surface of PTFE (denoted as PDMA-p/PTFE) using dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) as the monomer. Surface graft copolymerization occurs and is attributed to the universal adsorption of DMA and the low grafting energy barrier, compared with the polymerization energy barrier, which is also demonstrated by the DFT calculations. Further, robust well-defined metal Ag or Cu patterns with strong adhesion strength are fabricated on the surface of the PTFE film by electroless deposition and are demonstrated for applications in flexible electronics. The approach is demonstrated to be versatile for fabrication of PDMA micropatterns onto a wide range of polymeric substrates, including polypropylene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , China
| | - Jiaxiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Adaptability for Industrial Products , China National Electric Apparatus Research Institute Co., Ltd , Guangzhou 510663 , China
| | - Yi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , China
| | - Zenglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , China
- School of Chemistry , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
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18
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Ji M, Wang H, Gong Y, Cheng H, Zheng L, Li X, Huang L, Liu J, Nie Z, Zeng Q, Xu M, Liu J, Wang X, Qian P, Zhu C, Wang J, Li X, Zhang J. High Pressure Induced in Situ Solid-State Phase Transformation of Nonepitaxial Grown Metal@Semiconductor Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6544-6549. [PMID: 30384608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Considering the large lattice mismatch induced interface strain between nonepitaxial grown monocrystalline semiconductor shell and metal core, we studied the solid-state phase transformation of such nonepitaxial grown Au@CdS core/shell NCs under high pressure in this paper. Consistent with HRTEM characterizations, the high resolution Raman spectra and synchrotron angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction (ADXRD) spectra evolution were utilized to investigate the hydrostatic pressure (0-24 GPa) induced gradual phase transformation. Due to the strong lattice interactions between Au core and CdS shell, the different behavior and improved stability under high pressure appeared compared to single quantum dots (QDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muwei Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 , P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , 518055 , P. R. China
- Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen , 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Gong
- Institute of High Energy Physics , The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Haixia Cheng
- Department of Physics , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics , The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Liu Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Qiaoshi Zeng
- HPSynC, Geophysical Laboratory , Carnegie Institution of Washington , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR) , Shanghai 201203 , P. R. China
| | - Meng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Department of Cloud Platform , Beijing Computing Center , Beijing 100094 , P. R. China
| | - Ping Qian
- Department of Physics , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen , 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics , The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jiatao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 , P. R. China
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19
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Li KW, Yen YK. Gentamicin drug monitoring for peritonitis patients by using a CMOS-BioMEMS-based microcantilever sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 130:420-426. [PMID: 30220446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We developed a Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Bio-Microelectromechanical Systems (CMOS-BioMEMS) based piezoresistive microcantilever sensor for detecting gentamicin, a peritonitis therapeutic small-molecule drug. In recent years, the patient-centric concept has been emphasized. In such a trend, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is especially crucial for patients with peritonitis to avoid adverse reactions from a high concentration of gentamicin in the blood. With the aid of a commercialized semiconductor manufacturing process, the microcantilever sensing platform can serve as a portable, low-cost device and offer real-time detection. With chemical surface modification and capture antibody immobilization, the sensor can detect the small-molecule (< 2 kDa) gentamicin directly. We also modified the pH value of the buffer solution and applied an external electric field to promote sensor sensitivity. Comparing the change of the signals in a non-electric field of antibody immobilization and a 60-volt electric field of antibody immobilization showed that the average signal response increased 1.8 times. In the detection of gentamicin with different concentrations of 10-200 μg/mL, the limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor was 9.44 µg/mL. Finally, the detecting result of a microrcantilever sensor was compared with the one measured by a common instrument in hospital, and the high correlation was expressed between them in gentamicin detection. The CMOS-BioMEMS-based piezoresistive microcantilever sensor has been demonstrated to have great potential as a point-of-care (POC) device for real-time drug concentration monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Wei Li
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kuang Yen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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20
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Pulikkathodi AK, Sarangadharan I, Lo CY, Chen PH, Chen CC, Wang YL. Miniaturized Biomedical Sensors for Enumeration of Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082213. [PMID: 30060613 PMCID: PMC6121478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, we have realized a rapid extracellular vesicle (EV) quantification methodology using a high field modulated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility (HEMT) biosensor. The unique sensing structure facilitated the detection of the sub-cellular components in physiological salt environment without requiring extensive sample pre-treatments. The high field operation of GaN HEMT biosensor provides high sensitivity and wide dynamic range of detection of EVs (10⁷⁻1010 EVs/mL). An antibody specific to the known surface marker on the EV was used to capture them for quantification using an HEMT biosensor. Fluorescence microscopy images confirm the successful capture of EVs from the test solution. The present method can detect EVs in high ionic strength solution, with a short sample incubation period of 5 min, and does not require labels or additional reagents or wash/block steps. This methodology has the potential to be used in clinical applications for rapid EV quantification from blood or serum for the development of diagnostic and prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Pulikkathodi
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Indu Sarangadharan
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Chiao-Yun Lo
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chen Chen
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Lin Wang
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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21
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Ahmad R, Tripathy N, Ahn MS, Yoo JY, Hahn YB. Preparation of a Highly Conductive Seed Layer for Calcium Sensor Fabrication with Enhanced Sensing Performance. ACS Sens 2018; 3:772-778. [PMID: 29546984 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The seed layer plays a crucial role in achieving high electrical conductivity and ensuring higher performance of devices. In this study, we report fabrication of a solution-gated field-effect transistor (FET) sensor based on zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) modified iron oxide nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3 NPs) grown on a highly conductive sandwich-like seed layer (ZnO seed layer/Ag nanowires/ZnO seed layer). The sandwich-like seed layer and ZnO NRs modification with α-Fe2O3 NPs provide excellent conductivity and prevent possible ZnO NRs surface damage from low pH enzyme immobilization, respectively. The highly conductive solution-gated FET sensor employed the calmodulin (CaM) immobilization on the surface of α-Fe2O3-ZnO NRs for selective detection of calcium ions (Ca2+). The solution-gated FET sensor exhibited a substantial change in conductance upon introduction of different concentrations of Ca2+ and showed high sensitivity (416.8 μA cm-2 mM-1) and wide linear range (0.01-3.0 mM). In addition, the total Ca2+ concentration in water and serum samples was also measured. Compared to the analytically obtained data, our sensor was found to measure Ca2+ in the water and serum samples accurately, suggesting a potential alternative for Ca2+ determination in water and serum samples, specifically used for drinking/irrigation and clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq Ahmad
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Min-Sang Ahn
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Yoo
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Bong Hahn
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
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22
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Ahmad R, Mahmoudi T, Ahn MS, Hahn YB. Recent advances in nanowires-based field-effect transistors for biological sensor applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 100:312-325. [PMID: 28942344 PMCID: PMC7126762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanowires (NWs)-based field-effect transistors (FETs) have attracted considerable interest to develop innovative biosensors using NWs of different materials (i.e. semiconductors, polymers, etc.). NWs-based FETs provide significant advantages over the other bulk or non-NWs nanomaterials-based FETs. As the building blocks for FET-based biosensors, one-dimensional NWs offer excellent surface-to-volume ratio and are more suitable and sensitive for sensing applications. During the past decade, FET-based biosensors are smartly designed and used due to their great specificity, sensitivity, and high selectivity. Additionally, they have the advantage of low weight, low cost of mass production, small size and compatible with commercial planar processes for large-scale circuitry. In this respect, we summarize the recent advances of NWs-based FET biosensors for different biomolecule detection i.e. glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, urea, hormone, proteins, nucleotide, biomarkers, etc. A comparative sensing performance, present challenges, and future prospects of NWs-based FET biosensors are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq Ahmad
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tahmineh Mahmoudi
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sang Ahn
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Bong Hahn
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Ko J, Baldassano SN, Loh PL, Kording K, Litt B, Issadore D. Machine learning to detect signatures of disease in liquid biopsies - a user's guide. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:395-405. [PMID: 29192299 PMCID: PMC5955608 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00955k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
New technologies that measure sparse molecular biomarkers from easily accessible bodily fluids (e.g. blood, urine, and saliva) are revolutionizing disease diagnostics and precision medicine. Microchip devices can measure more disease biomarkers with better sensitivity and specificity each year, but clinical interpretation of these biomarkers remains a challenge. Single biomarkers in 'liquid biopsy' often cannot accurately predict the state of a disease due to heterogeneity in phenotype and disease expression across individuals. To address this challenge, investigators are combining multiplexed measurements of different biomarkers that together define robust signatures for specific disease states. Machine learning is a useful tool to automatically discover and detect these signatures, especially as new technologies output increasing quantities of molecular data. In this paper, we review the state of the field of machine learning applied to molecular diagnostics and provide practical guidance to use this tool effectively and to avoid common pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ko
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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24
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Recent trends in the development of complementary metal oxide semiconductor image sensors to detect foodborne bacterial pathogens. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Xu W, Fu K, Bohn PW. Electrochromic Sensor for Multiplex Detection of Metabolites Enabled by Closed Bipolar Electrode Coupling. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1020-1026. [PMID: 28750540 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors based on converting electrochemical signals into optical readouts are attractive candidates as low-cost, high-throughput sensor platforms. Here, we described a closed bipolar electrode (CBE)-based two-cell electrochromic device for sensing multiple metabolites, using the simultaneous detection of lactate, glucose, and uric acid as a model system. In the two-cell configuration, an analytical cell contains a redox mediator combined with a specific oxidase, e.g., lactate oxidase, glucose oxidase, or uricase, to form an electrochemical mediator-electrocatalyst pair that supports redox cycling. A closed bipolar electrode couples the electron transfer event in the analytical cell to an electrochromic reaction in a separate reporter cell, such that the magnitude of the color change is related to the concentration of metabolites in the analytical cell. To demonstrate multiplex operation, the CBE-based electrochromic detector is modified by integrating three sets of detection chemistries into a single device, in which simultaneous determination of glucose, lactate, and uric acid is demonstrated. Device sensitivity can be tuned by using reporter cells with different volumes. Furthermore, the analytical cell of this device can be fabricated as a disposable, paper-based carbon electrode without any pretreatment, demonstrating the potential to screen phenotypes that require multiple biomarkers in a point-of-care format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kaiyu Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Paul W. Bohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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26
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Detection principles of biological and chemical FET sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 98:437-448. [PMID: 28711826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The seminal importance of detecting ions and molecules for point-of-care tests has driven the search for more sensitive, specific, and robust sensors. Electronic detection holds promise for future miniaturized in-situ applications and can be integrated into existing electronic manufacturing processes and technology. The resulting small devices will be inherently well suited for multiplexed and parallel detection. In this review, different field-effect transistor (FET) structures and detection principles are discussed, including label-free and indirect detection mechanisms. The fundamental detection principle governing every potentiometric sensor is introduced, and different state-of-the-art FET sensor structures are reviewed. This is followed by an analysis of electrolyte interfaces and their influence on sensor operation. Finally, the fundamentals of different detection mechanisms are reviewed and some detection schemes are discussed. In the conclusion, current commercial efforts are briefly considered.
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27
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Joh DY, McGuire F, Abedini-Nassab R, Andrews JB, Achar RK, Zimmers Z, Mozhdehi D, Blair R, Albarghouthi F, Oles W, Richter J, Fontes CM, Hucknall AM, Yellen BB, Franklin AD, Chilkoti A. Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) Brushes on High-κ Metal Oxide Dielectric Surfaces for Bioelectrical Environments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:5522-5529. [PMID: 28117566 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in electronics and life sciences have generated interest in "lab-on-a-chip" systems utilizing complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry for low-power, portable, and cost-effective biosensing platforms. Here, we present a simple and reliable approach for coating "high-κ" metal oxide dielectric materials with "non-fouling" (protein- and cell-resistant) poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (POEGMA) polymer brushes as biointerfacial coatings to improve their relevance for biosensing applications utilizing advanced electronic components. By using a surface-initiated "grafting from" strategy, POEGMA films were reliably grown on each material, as confirmed by ellipsometric measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The electrical behavior of these POEGMA films was also studied to determine the potential impact on surrounding electronic devices, yielding information on relative permittivity and breakdown field for POEGMA in both dry and hydrated states. We show that the incorporation of POEGMA coatings significantly reduced levels of nonspecific protein adsorption compared to uncoated high-κ dielectric oxide surfaces as shown by protein resistance assays. These attributes, combined with the robust dielectric properties of POEGMA brushes on high-κ surfaces open the way to incorporate this protein and cell resistant polymer interface into CMOS devices for biomolecular detection in a complex liquid milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Joh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Felicia McGuire
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Roozbeh Abedini-Nassab
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joseph B Andrews
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Rohan K Achar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zackary Zimmers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Darush Mozhdehi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Rebecca Blair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Faris Albarghouthi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - William Oles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jacob Richter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Cassio M Fontes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Angus M Hucknall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Benjamin B Yellen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Aaron D Franklin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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28
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Bhalla N, Lee D, Sathish S, Shen AQ. Dual-mode refractive index and charge sensing to investigate complex surface chemistry on nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:547-554. [PMID: 27892593 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07664e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a novel dual-mode charge and refractive index sensitive device integrated with nanoplasmonic islands, for the first time, on insulator-semiconductor junctions. The developed nano-metal-insulator semiconductor (nMIS) sensor facilitates simultaneous detection of charge and mass changes on the nanoislands due to the binding of biomolecules. The charging of the nanoislands is traced by using the capacitive field-effect electrolyte-metal-insulator-semiconductor structure and the refractive index changes are quantified by measuring the change in the localized surface plasmon resonances of the nanoislands. To demonstrate the performance of our dual-mode sensor we study the effect of oxygen plasma on immobilized biomolecules. As a case study biotinylated aptamers specific to interleukin 6 (IL-6) were chosen to conduct the immunoassay studies. We confirm that the adsorbed aptamers on the nanoislands do not lose their functionality after exposure to low energy oxygen plasma (<600 J). This finding is critical for the development of 'ready-to-use' microfluidic immunoassay platforms (glass-PDMS based) where immobilizing biomolecules on one of the substrates is often required prior to the bonding of glass and PDMS. Our results also open new opportunities for utilizing plasma to encapsulate biomolecules in polymers and hydrogels. More significantly, nMIS sensors can readily be adopted for multiplexed and high throughput label free immunoassay systems, further driving innovations in biomedical and healthcare research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Bhalla
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Japan 904-0495.
| | - Doojin Lee
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Japan 904-0495.
| | - Shivani Sathish
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Japan 904-0495.
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Japan 904-0495.
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29
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Lei KM, Mak PI, Law MK, Martins RP. CMOS biosensors for in vitro diagnosis - transducing mechanisms and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3664-3681. [PMID: 27713991 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01002d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology enables low-cost and large-scale integration of transistors and physical sensing materials on tiny chips (e.g., <1 cm2), seamlessly combining the two key functions of biosensors: transducing and signal processing. Recent CMOS biosensors unified different transducing mechanisms (impedance, fluorescence, and nuclear spin) and readout electronics have demonstrated competitive sensitivity for in vitro diagnosis, such as detection of DNA (down to 10 aM), protein (down to 10 fM), or bacteria/cells (single cell). Herein, we detail the recent advances in CMOS biosensors, centering on their key principles, requisites, and applications. Together, these may contribute to the advancement of our healthcare system, which should be decentralized by broadly utilizing point-of-care diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Meng Lei
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, China. and Faculty of Science and Technology, Dept. of ECE, University of Macau, China
| | - Pui-In Mak
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, China. and Faculty of Science and Technology, Dept. of ECE, University of Macau, China
| | - Man-Kay Law
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, China.
| | - Rui P Martins
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, China. and Faculty of Science and Technology, Dept. of ECE, University of Macau, China and On leave from Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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30
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Ma X, Chen Z, Kannan P, Lin Z, Qiu B, Guo L. Gold Nanorods as Colorful Chromogenic Substrates for Semiquantitative Detection of Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Small Molecules with the Naked Eye. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3227-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Ma
- Institute of Nanomedicine
and Nanobiosensing, The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology
for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Zhitao Chen
- Institute of Nanomedicine
and Nanobiosensing, The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology
for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- Fuqing Entry-Exit Inspection & Quarantine Bureau of P. R. China, Fuqing, 350300, China
| | - Palanisamy Kannan
- Singapore Centre on Environment Life Sciences
Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, 637457, Singapore
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Institute of Nanomedicine
and Nanobiosensing, The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology
for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Institute of Nanomedicine
and Nanobiosensing, The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology
for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Longhua Guo
- Institute of Nanomedicine
and Nanobiosensing, The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology
for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
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