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Martinez Luque E, Liu Z, Sung D, Goldberg RM, Agarwal R, Bhattacharya A, Ahmed NS, Allen JW, Fleischer CC. An Update on MR Spectroscopy in Cancer Management: Advances in Instrumentation, Acquisition, and Analysis. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2024; 6:e230101. [PMID: 38578207 PMCID: PMC11148681 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.230101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
MR spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive imaging method enabling chemical and molecular profiling of tissues in a localized, multiplexed, and nonionizing manner. As metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, MRS provides valuable metabolic and molecular information for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, treatment monitoring, and patient management. This review provides an update on the use of MRS for clinical cancer management. The first section includes an overview of the principles of MRS, current methods, and conventional metabolites of interest. The remainder of the review is focused on three key areas: advances in instrumentation, specifically ultrahigh-field-strength MRI scanners and hybrid systems; emerging methods for acquisition, including deuterium imaging, hyperpolarized carbon 13 MRI and MRS, chemical exchange saturation transfer, diffusion-weighted MRS, MR fingerprinting, and fast acquisition; and analysis aided by artificial intelligence. The review concludes with future recommendations to facilitate routine use of MRS in cancer management. Keywords: MR Spectroscopy, Spectroscopic Imaging, Molecular Imaging in Oncology, Metabolic Reprogramming, Clinical Cancer Management © RSNA, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martinez Luque
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.M.L., Z.L.,
D.S., J.W.A., C.C.F.) and Neurology (J.W.A.), Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.M.L., Z.L., D.S.,
J.W.A., C.C.F.), Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta,
Ga; College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (R.M.G.); and
College of Business (R.A.) and College of Sciences (A.B., N.S.A.), Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zexuan Liu
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.M.L., Z.L.,
D.S., J.W.A., C.C.F.) and Neurology (J.W.A.), Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.M.L., Z.L., D.S.,
J.W.A., C.C.F.), Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta,
Ga; College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (R.M.G.); and
College of Business (R.A.) and College of Sciences (A.B., N.S.A.), Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dongsuk Sung
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.M.L., Z.L.,
D.S., J.W.A., C.C.F.) and Neurology (J.W.A.), Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.M.L., Z.L., D.S.,
J.W.A., C.C.F.), Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta,
Ga; College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (R.M.G.); and
College of Business (R.A.) and College of Sciences (A.B., N.S.A.), Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rachel M. Goldberg
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.M.L., Z.L.,
D.S., J.W.A., C.C.F.) and Neurology (J.W.A.), Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.M.L., Z.L., D.S.,
J.W.A., C.C.F.), Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta,
Ga; College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (R.M.G.); and
College of Business (R.A.) and College of Sciences (A.B., N.S.A.), Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rishab Agarwal
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.M.L., Z.L.,
D.S., J.W.A., C.C.F.) and Neurology (J.W.A.), Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.M.L., Z.L., D.S.,
J.W.A., C.C.F.), Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta,
Ga; College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (R.M.G.); and
College of Business (R.A.) and College of Sciences (A.B., N.S.A.), Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aditya Bhattacharya
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.M.L., Z.L.,
D.S., J.W.A., C.C.F.) and Neurology (J.W.A.), Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.M.L., Z.L., D.S.,
J.W.A., C.C.F.), Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta,
Ga; College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (R.M.G.); and
College of Business (R.A.) and College of Sciences (A.B., N.S.A.), Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nadine S. Ahmed
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.M.L., Z.L.,
D.S., J.W.A., C.C.F.) and Neurology (J.W.A.), Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.M.L., Z.L., D.S.,
J.W.A., C.C.F.), Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta,
Ga; College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (R.M.G.); and
College of Business (R.A.) and College of Sciences (A.B., N.S.A.), Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jason W. Allen
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.M.L., Z.L.,
D.S., J.W.A., C.C.F.) and Neurology (J.W.A.), Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.M.L., Z.L., D.S.,
J.W.A., C.C.F.), Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta,
Ga; College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (R.M.G.); and
College of Business (R.A.) and College of Sciences (A.B., N.S.A.), Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Candace C. Fleischer
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (E.M.L., Z.L.,
D.S., J.W.A., C.C.F.) and Neurology (J.W.A.), Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.M.L., Z.L., D.S.,
J.W.A., C.C.F.), Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta,
Ga; College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (R.M.G.); and
College of Business (R.A.) and College of Sciences (A.B., N.S.A.), Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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Das S, Dey MK, Devireddy R, Gartia MR. Biomarkers in Cancer Detection, Diagnosis, and Prognosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:37. [PMID: 38202898 PMCID: PMC10780704 DOI: 10.3390/s24010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biomarkers are vital in healthcare as they provide valuable insights into disease diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response, and personalized medicine. They serve as objective indicators, enabling early detection and intervention, leading to improved patient outcomes and reduced costs. Biomarkers also guide treatment decisions by predicting disease outcomes and facilitating individualized treatment plans. They play a role in monitoring disease progression, adjusting treatments, and detecting early signs of recurrence. Furthermore, biomarkers enhance drug development and clinical trials by identifying suitable patients and accelerating the approval process. In this review paper, we described a variety of biomarkers applicable for cancer detection and diagnosis, such as imaging-based diagnosis (CT, SPECT, MRI, and PET), blood-based biomarkers (proteins, genes, mRNA, and peptides), cell imaging-based diagnosis (needle biopsy and CTC), tissue imaging-based diagnosis (IHC), and genetic-based biomarkers (RNAseq, scRNAseq, and spatial transcriptomics).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (S.D.); (M.K.D.); (R.D.)
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Starčuková J, Stefan D, Graveron-Demilly D. Quantification of short echo time MRS signals with improved version of QUantitation based on quantum ESTimation algorithm. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e5008. [PMID: 37539457 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy offers information about metabolite changes in the organism, which can be used in diagnosis. While short echo time proton spectra exhibit more distinguishable metabolites compared with proton spectra acquired with long echo times, their quantification (and providing estimates of metabolite concentrations) is more challenging. They are hampered by a background signal, which originates mainly from macromolecules (MM) and mobile lipids. An improved version of the quantification algorithm QUantitation based on quantum ESTimation (QUEST), with MM prior knowledge (QUEST-MM), dedicated to proton signals and invoking appropriate prior knowledge on MM, is proposed and tested. From a single acquisition, it enables better metabolite quantification, automatic estimation of the background, and additional automatic quantification of MM components, thus improving its applicability in the clinic. The proposed algorithm may facilitate studies that involve patients with pathological MM in the brain. QUEST-MM and three QUEST-based strategies for quantifying short echo time signals are compared in terms of bias-variance trade-off and Cramér-Rao lower bound estimates. The performances of the methods are evaluated through extensive Monte Carlo studies. In particular, the histograms of the metabolite and MM amplitude distributions demonstrate the performances of the estimators. They showed that QUEST-MM works better than QUEST (Subtract approach) and is a good alternative to QUEST when measured MM signal is unavailable or unsuitable. Quantification with QUEST-MM is shown for 1 H in vivo rat brain signals obtained with the SPECIAL pulse sequence at 9.4 T, and human brain signals obtained, respectively, with STEAM at 4 T and PRESS at 3 T. QUEST-MM is implemented in jMRUI and will be available for public use from version 7.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Starčuková
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Danielle Graveron-Demilly
- D1Si, Saint André de Corcy, France
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1294, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Zhu X, Xiong H, Yang P, Wang S, Zhou Q, Zhang P, Zhao Z, Shi S. A pH/GSH dual responsive nanoparticle with relaxivity amplification for magnetic resonance imaging and suppression of tumors and metastases. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1583-1594. [PMID: 36594591 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05449c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Engineered magnetic nanoparticles combining diagnosis and therapy functions into one entity hold great potential to rejuvenate cancer treatment; however, they are still constrained by the "always on" signals and unsatisfactory therapeutic effect. Here, we report an intelligent theranostic probe based on Mn3O4 tetragonal bipyramids (MnTBs), which simultaneously respond to H+ and glutathione (GSH) with high sensitivity and quickly decompose to release Mn2+ in mild acidic and reductive intracellular environments. Mn2+ binds to the surrounding proteins to achieve a remarkable relaxivity amplification and selectively brighten the tumors. Particularly, this MR signal improvement is also effective in the detection of millimeter-sized liver metastases, with an ultrahigh contrast of 316%. Moreover, Mn2+ would trigger chemodynamic therapy (CDT) by exerting the Fenton-like activity to generate ˙OH from H2O2. Subsequently, a significant tumor suppression effect can be achieved by the GSH depletion-enhanced CDT. Besides, MnTBs manifest efficient urinary and hepatic excretions with biodegradability and minimal systemic toxicity. A pH/GSH dual responsive nanoprobe that integrates tumor diagnostic and therapeutic activities was developed to provide a new paradigm for precise diagnosis and treatment of tumors and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Zhu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Hehe Xiong
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Pei Yang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Songwei Wang
- Analysis Testing Center, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Qiuju Zhou
- Analysis Testing Center, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Zhenghuan Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Saige Shi
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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5
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Kamya E, Lu Z, Cao Y, Pei R. Effective design of organic luminogens for near-infrared-II fluorescence imaging and photo-mediated therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9770-9788. [PMID: 36448479 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01903e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Due to their electron coupling capability, organic luminescent materials exhibit powerful optoelectronic features that are responsible for their light-harvesting and light-amplification properties. The extensive modification of conjugated systems has shown significant improvement in their photonic properties thus broadening their applicability in photo-mediated imaging and photo-based treatment. Organic luminogens with emission in the near-infrared second region are found attractive not only for their deeper penetrating power but also for accurate visual imaging superiority with higher temporal resolution and spatial resolution suitable for tumor precision treatment. In this review, we underscore the latest development in organic luminogens (conjugated polymers and small molecules), focusing on chemical design, molecular engineering, and their applications in the scope of bioimaging followed by photo-assisted treatment, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and immunotherapy ablation. Organic luminogens integrated with an aggregation-induced emission feature significantly optimize their physicochemical properties to act as quintessential nanoplatforms for controllable image-guided therapy. In conclusion, we clarify the limitations and challenges and provide insights into how to design organic dyes with improved safety for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Kamya
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China. .,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongzhong Lu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China. .,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjun Pei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China. .,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
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6
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He H, Zhang X, Du L, Ye M, Lu Y, Xue J, Wu J, Shuai X. Molecular imaging nanoprobes for theranostic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114320. [PMID: 35526664 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a non-invasive imaging monitoring method, molecular imaging can provide the location and expression level of disease signature biomolecules in vivo, leading to early diagnosis of relevant diseases, improved treatment strategies, and accurate assessment of treating efficacy. In recent years, a variety of nanosized imaging probes have been developed and intensively investigated in fundamental/translational research and clinical practice. Meanwhile, as an interdisciplinary discipline, this field combines many subjects of chemistry, medicine, biology, radiology, and material science, etc. The successful molecular imaging not only requires advanced imaging equipment, but also the synthesis of efficient imaging probes. However, limited summary has been reported for recent advances of nanoprobes. In this paper, we summarized the recent progress of three common and main types of nanosized molecular imaging probes, including ultrasound (US) imaging nanoprobes, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nanoprobes, and computed tomography (CT) imaging nanoprobes. The applications of molecular imaging nanoprobes were discussed in details. Finally, we provided an outlook on the development of next generation molecular imaging nanoprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe He
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xindan Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lihua Du
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Minwen Ye
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yonglai Lu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiajia Xue
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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A benzoindole-based fluorescent probe for nitroreductase imaging in living cells under hypoxia conditions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Meng Q, Wu M, Shang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang R. Responsive gadolinium(III) complex-based small molecule magnetic resonance imaging probes: Design, mechanism and application. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Liu Y, Teng L, Yin B, Meng H, Yin X, Huan S, Song G, Zhang XB. Chemical Design of Activatable Photoacoustic Probes for Precise Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6850-6918. [PMID: 35234464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging technology, a three-dimensional hybrid imaging modality that integrates the advantage of optical and acoustic imaging, has great application prospects in molecular imaging due to its high imaging depth and resolution. To endow PA imaging with the ability for real-time molecular visualization and precise biomedical diagnosis, numerous activatable molecular PA probes which can specifically alter their PA intensities upon reacting with the targets or biological events of interest have been developed. This review highlights the recent developments of activatable PA probes for precise biomedical applications including molecular detection of the biotargets and imaging of the biological events. First, the generation mechanism of PA signals will be given, followed by a brief introduction to contrast agents used for PA probe design. Then we will particularly summarize the general design principles for the alteration of PA signals and activatable strategies for developing precise PA probes. Furthermore, we will give a detailed discussion of activatable PA probes in molecular detection and biomedical imaging applications in living systems. At last, the current challenges and outlooks of future PA probes will be discussed. We hope that this review will stimulate new ideas to explore the potentials of activatable PA probes for precise biomedical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lili Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Baoli Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Meng
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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Chen Y, Wang T, Xie P, Song Y, Wang J, Cai Z. Mass spectrometry imaging revealed alterations of lipid metabolites in multicellular tumor spheroids in response to hydroxychloroquine. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1184:339011. [PMID: 34625248 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) that mimic the complex tumor microenvironment provide a good platform for in vitro study of drug and endogenous metabolites. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has shown anti-tumor activity in a variety of tumor models. However, the effect of the drug on the alteration of lipid metabolism spatial composition and distribution in the MCTS model is not clear. Herein, we utilized matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) in the analysis of A549 lung cancer multicellular spheroids to investigate the in situ spatial distribution of HCQ and its effect on lipid metabolism. We have successfully observed the spatial variations of HCQ in the inner region of the spheroid at different drug-treated time points. The MSI results also demonstrated that HCQ treatment altered the spatial composition of lipids in the inner and outer regions of treated spheroids. Furthermore, the lipidomic results showed that the identified phosphatidylcholines (PC), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPE), phosphatidylinositols (PI), ceramides (Cer), glucosylceramides (CerG), and diglycerides (DG) were significantly up-regulated, and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and triglycerides (TG) were remarkable down-regulated. MSI method combined with LC-MS/MS profiling of endogenous metabolites can obtain more detailed information about how spheroids respond to drug and spatial distribution information, thus fostering a better understanding of the relationship between drug-altered lipid metabolism and cancer microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Analysis Center, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Peisi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Zhu X, Xiong H, Zhou Q, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang S, Shi S. A pH-Activatable MnCO 3 Nanoparticle for Improved Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumor Malignancy and Metastasis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:18462-18471. [PMID: 33871955 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineered magnetic nanoparticles have been extensively explored for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of a tumor to improve the visibility. However, most of these nanoparticles display "always-on" signals without tumor specificity, causing insufficient contrast and false positives. Here, we provide a new paradigm of MRI diagnosis using MnCO3 nanorhombohedras (MnNRs) as an ultrasensitive T1-weighted MRI contrast agent, which smartly enhances the MR signal in response to the tumor microenvironment. MnNRs would quickly decompose and release Mn2+ at mild acidity, one of the pathophysiological parameters associated with cancer malignancy, and then Mn2+ binds to surrounding proteins to achieve a remarkable amplification of T1 relaxivity. In vivo MRI experiments demonstrate that MnNRs can selectively brighten subcutaneous tumors from the edge to the interior may be because of the upregulated vascular permeation at the tumor edge, where cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis are more active. Specially, benefiting from the T2 shortening effect in normal liver tissues, MnNRs can detect millimeter-sized liver metastases with an ultrahigh contrast of 294%. The results also indicate an effective hepatic excretion of MnNRs through the gallbladder. As such, this pH-activatable MRI strategy with facility, biocompatibility, and excellent efficiency may open new avenues for tumor malignancy and metastasis diagnosis and holds great promise for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Hehe Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Qiuju Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghuan Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Yunxiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Songwei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Saige Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
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12
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Meng X, Wu Y, Bu W. Functional CT Contrast Nanoagents for the Tumor Microenvironment. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2000912. [PMID: 32691929 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the detailed tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential to achieve effective treatment of tumor, because TME has an extremely profound influence on the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of tumor. It is of great significance to realize accurate diagnosis of the TME by using functional computed tomography (CT) contrast nanoagents (FCTNAs). Here, an overview of FCTNAs that respond to the overexpressed receptors, acidic microenvironment, overexpressed glutathione and enzymes, and hypoxia in tumor is provided, and also prospects the advance of novel spectral CT technique to detect the TME precisely. Utilizing FCTNAs is expected to achieve accurate monitoring of the TME and further provide guidance for the effective personalized tumor treatment in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfu Meng
- Tongji University Cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yelin Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Bu
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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13
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Geng W, Zheng Z, Guo D. Supramolecular design based activatable magnetic resonance imaging. VIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin P. R. China
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14
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Quesada-Olarte JM, Allaf ME, Alvarez-Maestro M, Martínez-Piñeiro L. Molecular imaging of prostate cancer: Review of imaging agents, modalities, and current status. Actas Urol Esp 2020; 44:386-399. [PMID: 32709428 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical course of Prostate cancer (PCa) are markedly diverse, ranging from indolent to highly aggressive disseminated disease. Molecular imaging techniques are playing an increasing role in early PCa detection, staging and disease recurrence. There are some molecular imaging modalities, radiotracers agents and its performance are important in current clinical practice PCa. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes the latest information regarding molecular imaging of PCa and is designed to assist urologists with ordering and interpreting these modalities and different radiotracers for different patients. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A PubMed-based literature search was conducted up to September 2019. We selected the most recent and relevant original articles, metanalysis and reviews that have provided relevant information to guide molecular imaging modalities and radiotracers use. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS In this review, we discuss 3 main molecular imaging modalities and 7 radiotracer technologies available. CONCLUSIONS The use molecular imaging modalities and radiotracers has a unique role in biochemical recurrence and diagnosis of ganglionar and bone progression of PCa. In the present time, no one of these molecular imaging modalities can be recommended over the classical work-up of abdominopelvic CT scan and bone scan, and large-scale and multi-institutional studies are required to validate the efficacy and cost utility of these new technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M E Allaf
- Departamento de Urología, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, Estados Unidos
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15
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Caldwell MA, Brue CR, Whittemore TJ, Meade TJ. A Ln(III)-3-hydroxypyridine pH responsive probe optimized by DFT. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8994-8999. [PMID: 32274014 PMCID: PMC7144623 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra11058e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in tissue pH can be diagnostic of cancer and other conditions that shift cell metabolism. Paramagnetic probes are promising tools for pH mapping in vivo using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as they provide uniquely shifted MR signals that change with pH. Here, we demonstrate a 3-hydroxy-6-methylpyridyl coordinating group as a new pH-responsive reporter group for Ln(III) MRS probes. The pH response of the complex was observed by UV-Vis, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopies, and modeled using DFT. These results provide insight into the observed pH-dependent NMR spectrum of the complex. The protonation state of the hydroxypyridine changes the coordinating ability of the ligand, affecting the dipolar field of the lanthanide and the chemical shift of nearby reporter nuclei. The favorable pH response and coordination properties of the 3-hydroxypyridyl group indicates its potential for further development as a dual responsive-reporter group. Incorporation into optimized scaffolds for MRS detection may enable sensitive pH-mapping in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Caldwell
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
| | - Christopher R Brue
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
| | - Tyler J Whittemore
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
| | - Thomas J Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
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16
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Lee H, Shahrivarkevishahi A, Lumata JL, Luzuriaga MA, Hagge LM, Benjamin CE, Brohlin OR, Parish CR, Firouzi HR, Nielsen SO, Lumata LL, Gassensmith JJ. Supramolecular and biomacromolecular enhancement of metal-free magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2045-2050. [PMID: 32180926 PMCID: PMC7053506 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05510j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging are based on gadolinium, however side effects limit their use in some patients. Organic radical contrast agents (ORCAs) are potential alternatives, but are reduced rapidly in physiological conditions and have low relaxivities as single molecule contrast agents. Herein, we use a supramolecular strategy where cucurbit[8]uril binds with nanomolar affinities to ORCAs and protects them against biological reductants to create a stable radical in vivo. We further overcame the weak contrast by conjugating this complex on the surface of a self-assembled biomacromolecule derived from the tobacco mosaic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamilton Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Arezoo Shahrivarkevishahi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Jenica L Lumata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Michael A Luzuriaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Laurel M Hagge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Candace E Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Olivia R Brohlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Christopher R Parish
- Department of Physics , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA
| | - Hamid R Firouzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Steven O Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
| | - Lloyd L Lumata
- Department of Physics , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA . ; www.twitter.com/gassensmith
- Department of Bioengineering , The University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Rd. , Richardson , TX 75080 , USA
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17
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Abstract
Imaging techniques greatly facilitate the comprehensive knowledge of biological systems. Although imaging methodology for biomacromolecules such as protein and nucleic acids has been long established, microscopic techniques and contrast mechanisms are relatively limited for small biomolecules, which are equally important participants in biological processes. Recent developments in Raman imaging, including both microscopy and tailored vibrational tags, have created exciting opportunities for noninvasive imaging of small biomolecules in living cells, tissues, and organisms. Here, we summarize the principle and workflow of small-biomolecule imaging by Raman microscopy. Then, we review recent efforts in imaging, for example, lipids, metabolites, and drugs. The unique advantage of Raman imaging has been manifested in a variety of applications that have provided novel biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Fanghao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
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18
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Zhang KY, Yu Q, Wei H, Liu S, Zhao Q, Huang W. Long-Lived Emissive Probes for Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Bioimaging and Biosensing. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1770-1839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huanjie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced
Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for
Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
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19
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Taichi M, Nomura S, Nakase I, Imamaki R, Kizuka Y, Ota F, Dohmae N, Kitazume S, Taniguchi N, Tanaka K. In Situ Ligation of High- and Low-Affinity Ligands to Cell Surface Receptors Enables Highly Selective Recognition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1700147. [PMID: 29201607 PMCID: PMC5700463 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports an entirely unexplored concept of simultaneously recognizing two receptors using high- and low-affinity ligands through ligating them in situ on the target cell surface. This de novo approach is inspired by the pretargeting strategy frequently applied in molecular imaging, and has now evolved as the basis of a new paradigm for visualizing target cells with a high imaging contrast. A distinct advantage of using a labeled low-affinity ligand such as glycan is that the excess labeled ligand can be washed away from the cells, whereas the ligand bound to the cell, even at the milli molar affinity level, can be anchored by a bioorthogonal reaction with a pretargeted high-affinity ligand on the surface. Consequently, nonspecific background is minimized, leading to improved imaging contrast. Importantly, despite previously unexplored for molecular imaging, a notoriously weak glycan/lectin interaction can now be utilized as a highly selective ligand to the targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Taichi
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKENHirosawaWako‐shiSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Shogo Nomura
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKENHirosawaWako‐shiSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research CenterResearch Organization of the 21st CenturyOsaka Prefecture University1‐2 Gakuen‐cho, NakaSakaiOsaka599‐8570Japan
| | - Rie Imamaki
- Disease Glycomics TeamGlobal Research CenterRIKEN‐Max Planck Joint Research Center for System Chemical BiologyRIKEN, 2‐1 HirosawaWako‐shiSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Disease Glycomics TeamGlobal Research CenterRIKEN‐Max Planck Joint Research Center for System Chemical BiologyRIKEN, 2‐1 HirosawaWako‐shiSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Fumi Ota
- Disease Glycomics TeamGlobal Research CenterRIKEN‐Max Planck Joint Research Center for System Chemical BiologyRIKEN, 2‐1 HirosawaWako‐shiSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization UnitRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science2‐1 HirosawaWako‐shiSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Shinobu Kitazume
- Disease Glycomics TeamGlobal Research CenterRIKEN‐Max Planck Joint Research Center for System Chemical BiologyRIKEN, 2‐1 HirosawaWako‐shiSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Disease Glycomics TeamGlobal Research CenterRIKEN‐Max Planck Joint Research Center for System Chemical BiologyRIKEN, 2‐1 HirosawaWako‐shiSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKENHirosawaWako‐shiSaitama351‐0198Japan
- Biofunctional Chemistry LaboratoryA. Butlerov Institute of ChemistryKazan Federal University18 Kremlyovskaya streetKazan420008Russia
- JST‐PRESTO2‐1 HirosawaWako‐shiSaitama351‐0198Japan
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20
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Wang Y, Wang X, Meng Q, Jia H, Zhang R, Zhu P, Song R, Feng H, Zhang Z. A gadolinium(III)-coumarin complex based MRI/Fluorescence bimodal probe for the detection of fluoride ion in aqueous medium. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Nguyen HVT, Chen Q, Paletta JT, Harvey P, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Boska MD, Ottaviani MF, Jasanoff A, Rajca A, Johnson JA. Nitroxide-Based Macromolecular Contrast Agents with Unprecedented Transverse Relaxivity and Stability for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:800-811. [PMID: 28776023 PMCID: PMC5532724 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents could overcome the established toxicity associated with metal-based agents in some patient populations and enable new modes of functional MRI in vivo. Herein, we report nitroxide-functionalized brush-arm star polymer organic radical contrast agents (BASP-ORCAs) that overcome the low contrast and poor in vivo stability associated with nitroxide-based MRI contrast agents. As a consequence of their unique nanoarchitectures, BASP-ORCAs possess per-nitroxide transverse relaxivities up to ∼44-fold greater than common nitroxides, exceptional stability in highly reducing environments, and low toxicity. These features combine to provide for accumulation of a sufficient concentration of BASP-ORCA in murine subcutaneous tumors up to 20 h following systemic administration such that MRI contrast on par with metal-based agents is observed. BASP-ORCAs are, to our knowledge, the first nitroxide MRI contrast agents capable of tumor imaging over long time periods using clinical high-field 1H MRI techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qixian Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph T. Paletta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Peter Harvey
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Michael D. Boska
- Department
of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical
Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United
States
| | | | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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22
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Kondo T, Kimura Y, Yamada H, Aoyama Y. Polymeric 1 H MRI Probes for Visualizing Tumor In Vivo. CHEM REC 2017; 17:555-568. [PMID: 28387472 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a prominent non- or low-invasive imaging technique, providing high-resolution, three-dimensional images as well as physiological information about tissues. Low-molecular-weight Gd-MRI contrast agents (CAs), such as Gd-DTPA (DTPA: diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), are commonly used in the clinical diagnosis, while macromolecular Gd-MRI CAs have several advantages over low-molecular-weight Gd-MRI CAs, which help minimize the dose of CAs and the risk of side effects. Accordingly, we developed chiral dendrimer Gd-MRI CAs, which showed high r1 values. The association constant values (Ka ) of S-isomeric dendrimer CAs to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were higher than those of R-isomeric dendrimer CAs. Besides, based on a totally new concept, we developed 13 C/15 N-enriched multiple-resonance NMR/MRI probes, which realized highly selective observation of the probes and analysis of metabolic reactions of interest. This account summarizes our recent study on developing both chiral dendrimer Gd-MRI CAs, and self-traceable 13 C/15 N-enriched phosphorylcholine polymer probes for early detection of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Kondo
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 6158510, JAPAN
| | - Yu Kimura
- Research and Educational Unit of Leaders for Integrated Medical Systems, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 6158510, JAPAN
| | - Hisatsugu Yamada
- Field of Bioresource Chemistry and Technology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2-1, Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 7708506, JAPAN
| | - Yasuhiro Aoyama
- Professor emeritus, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 6158510, JAPAN
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23
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Zhu K, Deng Z, Liu G, Hu J, Liu S. Photoregulated Cross-Linking of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle (SPION) Loaded Hybrid Nanovectors with Synergistic Drug Release and Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging Enhancement. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences
at the Microscale, iChem (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry
for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhengyu Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences
at the Microscale, iChem (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry
for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guhuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences
at the Microscale, iChem (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry
for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences
at the Microscale, iChem (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry
for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences
at the Microscale, iChem (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry
for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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24
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Wang D, Jin Y, Zhu X, Yan D. Synthesis and applications of stimuli-responsive hyperbranched polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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25
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Wang Y, Song R, Feng H, Guo K, Meng Q, Chi H, Zhang R, Zhang Z. Visualization of Fluoride Ions In Vivo Using a Gadolinium(III)-Coumarin Complex-Based Fluorescence/MRI Dual-Modal Probe. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 16:E2165. [PMID: 27999298 PMCID: PMC5191144 DOI: 10.3390/s16122165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new Gadolinium(III)-coumarin complex, DO3A-Gd-CA, was designed and prepared as a dual-modal probe for simultaneous fluorescence and relaxivity responses to fluoride ions (F-) in aqueous media and mice. DO3A-Gd-CA was designed by using Gd(III) center as an MRI signal output unit and fluoride binding site, and the 4-(diethylamino)-coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (CA) as a fluorescence reporter. Upon the addition of fluoride ions to the solution of DO3A-Gd-CA, the liberation of the coordinated CA ligand led to a 5.7-fold fluorescence enhancement and a 75% increase in the longitudinal relaxivity (r₁). The fluorescent detection limit for fluoride ions was determined to be 8 μM based on a 3σ/slope. The desirable features of the proposed DO3A-Gd-CA, such as high sensitivity and specificity, reliability at physiological pH and low cytotoxicity enable its application in visualization of fluoride ion in mice. The successful in vivo imaging indicates that DO3A-Gd-CA could be potentially used in biomedical diagnosis fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China.
| | - Renfeng Song
- Ansteel Mining Engineering Corporation, Anshan 114002, China.
| | - Huan Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China.
| | - Ke Guo
- Ansteel Mining Engineering Corporation, Anshan 114002, China.
| | - Qingtao Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China.
| | - Haijun Chi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China.
| | - Run Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China.
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China.
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26
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Jayashree B, Srimany A, Jayaraman S, Bhutra A, Janakiraman N, Chitipothu S, Krishnakumar S, Baddireddi LS, Elchuri S, Pradeep T. Monitoring of changes in lipid profiles during PLK1 knockdown in cancer cells using DESI MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5623-32. [PMID: 27277815 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) gene is increasing substantially both as a biomarker and as a target for highly specific cancer therapy. This is due to its involvement in multiple points of cell progression and carcinogenesis. PLK1 inhibitors' efficacy in treating human cancers has been limited due to the lack of a specific targeting strategy. Here, we describe a method of targeted downregulation of PLK1 in cancer cells and the concomitant rapid detection of surface lipidomic perturbations using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI MS). The efficient delivery of siRNA targeting PLK1 gene selectively to the cancer cells is achieved by targeting overexpressed cell surface epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) by the EpDT3 aptamer. The chimeric aptamer (EpDT3-siPLK1) showed the knockdown of PLK1 gene expression and PLK1 protein levels by quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. The abundant surface lipids, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), such as PC(32:1) (m/z 754.6), PC(34:1) (m/z 782.6), and PC(36:2) (m/z 808.6), were highly expressed in MCF-7 and WERI-RB1 cancer cells compared to normal MIO-M1 cells and they were observed using DESI MS. These overexpressed cell surface lipids in the cancer cells were downregulated upon the treatment of EpDT3-siPLK1 chimera indicating a novel role of PLK1 to regulate surface lipid expression in addition to the efficient selective cancer targeting ability. Our results indicate that DESI MS has a potential ability to rapidly monitor aptamer-mediated cancer therapy and accelerate the drug discovery process. Graphical abstract Binding of aptamer chimera to the cells and changes in lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanyam Jayashree
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600006, India
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | - Amitava Srimany
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - Srinidhi Jayaraman
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600006, India
| | - Anjali Bhutra
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600006, India
| | - Narayanan Janakiraman
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600006, India
| | - Srujana Chitipothu
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600006, India
| | - Subramanian Krishnakumar
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600006, India
| | | | - Sailaja Elchuri
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600006, India.
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India.
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Arlauckas SP, Popov AV, Delikatny EJ. Choline kinase alpha-Putting the ChoK-hold on tumor metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 63:28-40. [PMID: 27073147 PMCID: PMC5360181 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that lipid metabolism is drastically altered during tumor development and response to therapy. Choline kinase alpha (ChoKα) is a key mediator of these changes, as it represents the first committed step in the Kennedy pathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and ChoKα expression is upregulated in many human cancers. ChoKα activity is associated with drug resistant, metastatic, and malignant phenotypes, and represents a robust biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer. Effective ChoKα inhibitors have been developed and have recently entered clinical trials. ChoKα's clinical relevance was, until recently, attributed solely to its production of second messenger intermediates of phospholipid synthesis. The recent discovery of a non-catalytic scaffolding function of ChoKα may link growth receptor signaling to lipid biogenesis and requires a reinterpretation of the design and validation of ChoKα inhibitors. Advances in positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and optical imaging methods now allow for a comprehensive understanding of ChoKα expression and activity in vivo. We will review the current understanding of ChoKα metabolism, its role in tumor biology and the development and validation of targeted therapies and companion diagnostics for this important regulatory enzyme. This comes at a critical time as ChoKα-targeting programs receive more clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Arlauckas
- Department of Radiology, 317 Anatomy-Chemistry Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- Department of Radiology, 317 Anatomy-Chemistry Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E James Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, 317 Anatomy-Chemistry Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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In vivo MR spectroscopy of human breast tissue: quantification of fatty acid composition at a clinical field strength (3 T). MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 29:1-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-015-0506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wang D, Tu C, Su Y, Zhang C, Greiser U, Zhu X, Yan D, Wang W. Supramolecularly engineered phospholipids constructed by nucleobase molecular recognition: upgraded generation of phospholipids for drug delivery. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3775-3787. [PMID: 29218147 PMCID: PMC5707505 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01188d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecularly engineered phospholipids and liposomes based on complementary hydrogen bonding of nucleosides have been developed.
Despite of great advances of phospholipids and liposomes in clinical therapy, very limited success has been achieved in the preparation of smart phospholipids and controlled-release liposomes for in vivo drug delivery and clinical trials. Here we report a supramolecular approach to synthesize novel supramolecularly engineered phospholipids based on complementary hydrogen bonding of nucleosides, which greatly reduces the need of tedious chemical synthesis, including reducing the strict requirements for multistep chemical reactions, and the purification of the intermediates and the amount of waste generated relative more traditional approaches. These upgraded phospholipids self-assemble into liposome-like bilayer structures in aqueous solution, exhibiting fast stimuli-responsive ability due to the hydrogen bonding connection. In vitro and in vivo evaluations show the resulted supramolecular liposomes from nucleoside phospholipids could effectively transport drug into tumor tissue, rapidly enter tumor cells, and controllably release their payload in response to an intracellular acidic environment, thus resulting in a much higher antitumor activity than conventional liposomes. The present supramolecularly engineered phospholipids represent an important evolution in comparison to conventional covalent-bonded phospholipid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-34203400
| | - Chunlai Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-34203400
| | - Yue Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-34203400
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-34203400
| | - Udo Greiser
- Charles Institute of Dermatology , School of Medicine and Medical Science , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-34203400
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86-21-34203400
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Charles Institute of Dermatology , School of Medicine and Medical Science , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
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Luo Z, Loja MN, Farwell DG, Luu QC, Donald PJ, Amott D, Truong AQ, Gandour-Edwards R, Nitin N. Widefield optical imaging of changes in uptake of glucose and tissue extracellular pH in head and neck cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:1035-44. [PMID: 25139295 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The overall objective of this study was to develop an optical imaging approach to simultaneously measure altered cell metabolism and changes in tissue extracellular pH with the progression of cancer using clinically isolated biopsies. In this study, 19 pairs of clinically normal and abnormal biopsies were obtained from consenting patients with head and neck cancer at University of California, Davis Medical Center. Fluorescence intensity of tissue biopsies before and after topical delivery of 2-NBDG (2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose) and Alexa 647-pHLIP [pH (low) insertion peptide] was measured noninvasively by widefield imaging, and correlated with pathologic diagnosis. The results of widefield imaging of clinical biopsies demonstrated that 2-NBDG and pHLIP peptide can accurately distinguish the pathologically normal and abnormal biopsies. The results also demonstrated the potential of this approach to detect subepithelial lesions. Topical application of the contrast agents generated a significant increase in fluorescence contrast (3- to 4-fold) in the cancer biopsies as compared with the normal biopsies, irrespective of the patient and location of the biopsy within a head and neck cavity. This unpaired comparison across all the patients with cancer in this study highlights the specificity of the imaging approach. Furthermore, the results of this study indicated that changes in intracellular glucose metabolism and cancer acidosis are initiated in the early stages of cancer, and these changes are correlated with the progression of the disease. In conclusion, this novel optical molecular imaging approach to measure multiple biomarkers in cancer has a significant potential to be a useful tool for improving early detection and prognostic evaluation of oral neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Melissa N Loja
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - D Greg Farwell
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Quang C Luu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Paul J Donald
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Deborah Amott
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Anh Q Truong
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Regina Gandour-Edwards
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Nitin Nitin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.
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Lagemaat MW, Maas MC, Vos EK, Bitz AK, Orzada S, Weiland E, van Uden MJ, Kobus T, Heerschap A, Scheenen TWJ. (31) P MR spectroscopic imaging of the human prostate at 7 T: T1 relaxation times, Nuclear Overhauser Effect, and spectral characterization. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:909-20. [PMID: 24677408 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Optimization of phosphorus ((31) P) MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the human prostate at 7 T by the evaluation of T1 relaxation times and the Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) of phosphorus-containing metabolites. METHODS Twelve patients with prostate cancer and one healthy volunteer were scanned on a 7 T whole-body system using a (31) P endorectal coil combined with an eight-channel (1) H body array coil. T1 relaxation times were measured using progressive saturation in a two-dimensional localization sequence. (31) P MRSI was performed twice: once without NOE and once with NOE using low-power continuous wave (1) H irradiation to determine NOE enhancements. RESULTS T1 relaxation times of (31) P metabolites in the human prostate at 7 T varied between 3.0 and 8.3 s. Positive but variable NOE enhancements were measured for most metabolites. Remarkably, the (31) P MR spectra showed two peaks in chemical shift range of inorganic phosphate. CONCLUSION Knowledge of T1 relaxation times and NOE enhancements enables protocol optimization for (31) P MRSI of the prostate at 7 T. With a strongly reduced (31) P flip angle (≤ 45°), a (31) P MRSI dataset with optimal signal-to-noise ratio per unit time can be obtained within 15 minutes. The NOE enhancement can improve fitting accuracy, but its variability requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam W Lagemaat
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Xue S, Qiao J, Jiang J, Hubbard K, White N, Wei L, Li S, Liu ZR, Yang JJ. Design of ProCAs (protein-based Gd(3+) MRI contrast agents) with high dose efficiency and capability for molecular imaging of cancer biomarkers. Med Res Rev 2014; 34:1070-99. [PMID: 24615853 DOI: 10.1002/med.21313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the leading imaging technique for disease diagnostics, providing high resolution, three-dimensional images noninvasively. MRI contrast agents are designed to improve the contrast and sensitivity of MRI. However, current clinically used MRI contrast agents have relaxivities far below the theoretical upper limit, which largely prevent advancing molecular imaging of biomarkers with desired sensitivity and specificity. This review describes current progress in the development of a new class of protein-based MRI contrast agents (ProCAs) with high relaxivity using protein design to optimize the parameters that govern relaxivity. Further, engineering with targeting moiety allows these contrast agents to be applicable for molecular imaging of prostate cancer biomarkers by MRI. The developed protein-based contrast agents also exhibit additional in vitro and in vivo advantages for molecular imaging of disease biomarkers, such as high metal-binding stability and selectivity, reduced toxicity, proper blood circulation time, and higher permeability in tumor tissue in addition to improved relaxivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Xue
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics (CDT), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Harris T, Degani H, Frydman L. Hyperpolarized 13C NMR studies of glucose metabolism in living breast cancer cell cultures. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:1831-43. [PMID: 24115045 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) gives NMR the sensitivity to follow metabolic processes in living systems with high temporal resolution. In this article, we apply dissolution DNP to study the metabolism of hyperpolarized U-(13)C,(2)H7-glucose in living, perfused human breast cancer cells. Spectrally selective pulses were used to maximize the signal of the main product, lactate, whilst preserving the glucose polarization; in this way, both C1-lactate and C3-lactate could be observed with high temporal resolution. The production of lactate by T47D breast cancer cells can be characterized by Michaelis-Menten-like kinetics, with K(m) = 3.5 ± 1.5 mM and V(max) = 34 ± 4 fmol/cell/min. The high sensitivity of this method also allowed us to observe and quantify the glycolytic intermediates dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate. Even with the enhanced DNP signal, many other glycolytic intermediates could not be detected directly. Nevertheless, by applying saturation transfer methods, the glycolytic intermediates glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate could be observed indirectly. This method shows great promise for the elucidation of the distinctive metabolism and metabolic control of cancer cells, suggesting multiple ways whereby hyperpolarized U-(13)C,(2)H7-glucose NMR could aid in the diagnosis and characterization of cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Harris
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Fayad LM, Wang X, Blakeley JO, Durand DJ, Jacobs MA, Demehri S, Subhawong TK, Soldatos T, Barker PB. Characterization of peripheral nerve sheath tumors with 3T proton MR spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 35:1035-41. [PMID: 24287094 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The characterization of peripheral nerve sheath tumors is challenging. The purpose here was to investigate the diagnostic value of quantitative proton MR spectroscopy at 3T for the characterization of peripheral nerve sheath tumors as benign or malignant, compared with PET. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty participants with 24 peripheral nerve sheath tumors underwent MR spectroscopy by use of a point-resolved sequence (TE, 135 ms). Six voxels were placed in 4 histologically proven malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and 22 voxels in 20 benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (9 histologically proven, 11 with documented stability). The presence or absence of a trimethylamine signal was evaluated, the trimethylamine concentration estimated by use of phantom replacement methodology, and the trimethylamine fraction relative to Cr measured. MR spectroscopy results for benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors were compared by use of a Mann-Whitney test, and concordance or discordance with PET findings was recorded. RESULTS In all malignant tumors and in 9 of 18 benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors, a trimethylamine peak was detected, offering the presence of trimethylamine as a sensitive (100%), but not specific (50%), marker of malignant disease. Trimethylamine concentrations (2.2 ± 2.8 vs 6.6 ± 5.8 institutional units; P < .049) and the trimethylamine fraction (27 ± 42 vs 88 ± 22%; P < .012) were lower in benign than malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. A trimethylamine fraction threshold of 50% resulted in 100% sensitivity (95% CI, 58.0%-100%) and 72.2% (95% CI, 59.5%-75%) specificity for distinguishing benign from malignant disease. MR spectroscopy and PET results were concordant in 12 of 16 cases, (2 false-positive results for MR spectroscopy and PET each). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative measurement of trimethylamine concentration by use of MR spectroscopy is feasible in peripheral nerve sheath tumors and shows promise as a method for the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions. Trimethylamine presence within a peripheral nerve sheath tumor is a sensitive marker of malignant disease, but quantitative measurement of trimethylamine content is required to improve specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Fayad
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (L.M.F., X.W., D.J.D., S.D., M.A.J., P.B.B.)Orthopedic Surgery (L.M.F.)Oncology (L.M.F., M.A.J.), The Johns Hopkins Hospital Comprehensive Neurofibromatosis Center
| | - X Wang
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (L.M.F., X.W., D.J.D., S.D., M.A.J., P.B.B.)
| | - J O Blakeley
- Department of Neurology (J.O.B.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - D J Durand
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (L.M.F., X.W., D.J.D., S.D., M.A.J., P.B.B.)
| | - M A Jacobs
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (L.M.F., X.W., D.J.D., S.D., M.A.J., P.B.B.)Oncology (L.M.F., M.A.J.), The Johns Hopkins Hospital Comprehensive Neurofibromatosis Center
| | - S Demehri
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (L.M.F., X.W., D.J.D., S.D., M.A.J., P.B.B.)
| | - T K Subhawong
- Department of Radiology (T.K.S.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - T Soldatos
- Research Unit of Radiology and Medical Imaging (T.S.), National and Capodestrian University of Athens, Evgenidion Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - P B Barker
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (L.M.F., X.W., D.J.D., S.D., M.A.J., P.B.B.)
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Abstract
Biomedical imaging techniques can provide a vast amount of anatomical information, enabling diagnosis and the monitoring of disease and treatment profile. MRI uniquely offers convenient, non-invasive, high resolution tomographic imaging. A considerable amount of effort has been invested, across several decades, in the design of non toxic paramagnetic contrast agents capable of enhancing positive MRI signal contrast. Recently, focus has shifted towards the development of agents capable of specifically reporting on their local biochemical environment, where a switch in image contrast is triggered by a specific stimulus/biochemical variable. Such an ability would not only strengthen diagnosis but also provide unique disease-specific biochemical insight. This feature article focuses on recent progress in the development of MRI contrast switching with molecular, macromolecular and nanoparticle-based agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma-Louise Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
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Zhang L, Su F, Buizer S, Lu H, Gao W, Tian Y, Meldrum D. A dual sensor for real-time monitoring of glucose and oxygen. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9779-88. [PMID: 24090834 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A dual glucose and oxygen sensor in a polymer format was developed. The dual sensor composed of a blue emitter as the glucose probe, a red emitter as an oxygen probe, and a yellow emitter as a built-in reference probe which does not respond to either glucose or oxygen. All the three probes were chemically immobilized in a polyacrylamide-based matrix. Therefore, the dual sensor possesses three well separated emission colors and ratiometric approach is applicable for analysis of the glucose and oxygen concentration at biological conditions. The sensor was applied for real-time monitoring of glucose and oxygen consumption of bacterial cells, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and mammalian cells of mouse macrophage J774 and human cervical cancer HeLa cell lines. On the other hand, in order to achieve satisfactory sensing performance for glucose, compositions of the matrices among poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), polyacrylamide, and poly(6-aminohexyl methacrylamide) which is a linker polymer for grafting the glucose probe, were optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-6501, USA
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Quantification in magnetic resonance spectroscopy based on semi-parametric approaches. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 27:113-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-013-0393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chen Y, Chen H, Shi J. In vivo bio-safety evaluations and diagnostic/therapeutic applications of chemically designed mesoporous silica nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:3144-76. [PMID: 23681931 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201205292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable progress of nanotechnology and its application in biomedicine have greatly expanded the ranges and types of biomaterials from traditional organic material-based nanoparticles (NPs) to inorganic biomaterials or organic/inorganic hybrid nanocomposites due to the unprecedented advantages of the engineered inorganic material-based NPs. Colloidal mesoporous silica NPs (MSNs), one of the most representative and well-established inorganic materials, have been promoted into biology and medicine, and shifted from extensive in vitro research towards preliminary in vivo assays in small-animal disease models. In this comprehensive review, the recent progresses in chemical design and engineering of MSNs-based biomaterials for in vivo biomedical applications has been detailed and overviewed. Due to the intrinsic structural characteristics of elaborately designed MSNs such as large surface area, high pore volume and easy chemical functionalization, they have been extensively investigated for therapeutic, diagnostic and theranostic (concurrent diagnosis and therapy) purposes, especially in oncology. Systematic in vivo bio-safety evaluations of MSNs have revealed the evidences that the in vivo bio-behaviors of MSNs are strongly related to their preparation prodecures, particle sizes, geometries, surface chemistries, dosing parameters and even administration routes. In vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics further demonstrated the effectiveness of MSNs as the passively and/or actively targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) for cancer chemotherapy. Especially, the advance of nano-synthetic chemistry enables the production of composite MSNs for advanced in vivo therapeutic purposes such as gene delivery, stimuli-responsive drug release, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, ultrasound therapy, or anti-bacteria in tissue engineering, or as the contrast agents for biological and diagnostic imaging. Additionally, the critical issues and potential challenges related to the chemical design/synthesis of MSNs-based "magic bullet" by advanced nano-synthetic chemistry and in vivo evaluation have been discussed to highlight the issues scientists face in promoting the translation of MSNs-based DDSs into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance, Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding-Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
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Lipid and macromolecules quantitation in differentiating glioblastoma from solitary metastasis: a short-echo time single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 3 T. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2013; 37:265-71. [PMID: 23493217 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0b013e318282d2ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The differentiation between solitary metastasis (MET) and glioblastoma (GBM) is difficult using only magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) lipid signal indicates cellular necrosis both in GBMs and METs. The purpose of this prospective study was to determine whether a class of lipids and/or macromolecules (MMs), able to efficiently discriminate between these two types of lesions, exists. METHODS Forty-one patients with solitary brain tumor (23 GBMs and 18 METs) underwent magnetic resonance imaging and single-voxel MRS. Short-echo time point resolved spectroscopy sequence acquisition with water suppression technique was used. Spectra were analyzed using LCModel. Absolute quantification was performed with "water-scaling" procedure. The analysis was focused on sums of lipid and macromolecular (LM) components at 0.9 and 1.3 ppm. RESULTS The LM13 absolute concentration was statistically different (P < 0.0001) between GBMs and METs. With a cutoff of 81 mM in LM13 absolute concentration, METs and GBMs can be distinguished with a 78% of specificity and an 81% of sensitivity. The presence of the MM12 peak, related to the fucose II complex, in tumors harboring a K-ras gene mutation has been investigated. CONCLUSIONS We exploited the performance of a clinically easily implementable method, such as short-echo time single-voxel MRS, for the differentiation between brain metastasis and primary brain tumors. The study showed that MRS absolute lipid and macromolecular signals could be helpful in differentiating GBM from metastasis. LM13 class was found to be a discriminant parameter with an accuracy of 85%. Detection of the MM12-fucose peak may also have a role in understanding molecular biology of brain metastasis and should be further investigated to address specific metabolic phenotypes.
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Jiang L, Greenwood TR, Amstalden van Hove ER, Chughtai K, Raman V, Winnard PT, Heeren R, Artemov D, Glunde K. Combined MR, fluorescence and histology imaging strategy in a human breast tumor xenograft model. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:285-298. [PMID: 22945331 PMCID: PMC4162316 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Applications of molecular imaging in cancer and other diseases frequently require the combination of in vivo imaging modalities, such as MR and optical imaging, with ex vivo optical, fluorescence, histology and immunohistochemical imaging to investigate and relate molecular and biological processes to imaging parameters within the same region of interest. We have developed a multimodal image reconstruction and fusion framework that accurately combines in vivo MRI and MRSI, ex vivo brightfield and fluorescence microscopic imaging and ex vivo histology imaging. Ex vivo brightfield microscopic imaging was used as an intermediate modality to facilitate the ultimate link between ex vivo histology and in vivo MRI/MRSI. Tissue sectioning necessary for optical and histology imaging required the generation of a three-dimensional reconstruction module for two-dimensional ex vivo optical and histology imaging data. We developed an external fiducial marker-based three-dimensional reconstruction method, which was able to fuse optical brightfield and fluorescence with histology imaging data. The registration of the three-dimensional tumor shape was pursued to combine in vivo MRI/MRSI and ex vivo optical brightfield and fluorescence imaging data. This registration strategy was applied to in vivo MRI/MRSI, ex vivo optical brightfield/fluorescence and histology imaging datasets obtained from human breast tumor models. Three-dimensional human breast tumor datasets were successfully reconstructed and fused with this platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tiffany R. Greenwood
- The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Kamila Chughtai
- FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Venu Raman
- The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul T. Winnard
- The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ron Heeren
- FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri Artemov
- The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Metabolic biomarkers for response to PI3K inhibition in basal-like breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R16. [PMID: 23448424 PMCID: PMC3672699 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently activated in cancer cells through numerous mutations and epigenetic changes. The recent development of inhibitors targeting different components of the PI3K pathway may represent a valuable treatment alternative. However, predicting efficacy of these drugs is challenging, and methods for therapy monitoring are needed. Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype, frequently associated with PI3K pathway activation. The objectives of this study were to quantify the PI3K pathway activity in tissue sections from xenografts representing basal-like and luminal-like breast cancer before and immediately after treatment with PI3K inhibitors, and to identify metabolic biomarkers for treatment response. Methods Tumor-bearing animals (n = 8 per treatment group) received MK-2206 (120 mg/kg/day) or BEZ235 (50 mg/kg/day) for 3 days. Activity in the PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in xenografts and human biopsies was evaluated using a novel method for semiquantitative assessment of Aktser473 phosphorylation. Metabolic changes were assessed by ex vivo high-resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results Using a novel dual near-infrared immunofluorescent imaging method, basal-like xenografts had a 4.5-fold higher baseline level of pAktser473 than luminal-like xenografts. Following treatment, basal-like xenografts demonstrated reduced levels of pAktser473 and decreased proliferation. This correlated with metabolic changes, as both MK-2206 and BEZ235 reduced lactate concentration and increased phosphocholine concentration in the basal-like tumors. BEZ235 also caused increased glucose and glycerophosphocholine concentrations. No response to treatment or change in metabolic profile was seen in luminal-like xenografts. Analyzing tumor sections from five patients with BLBC demonstrated that two of these patients had an elevated pAktser473 level. Conclusion The activity of the PI3K pathway can be determined in tissue sections by quantitative imaging using an antibody towards pAktser473. Long-term treatment with MK-2206 or BEZ235 resulted in significant growth inhibition in basal-like, but not luminal-like, xenografts. This indicates that PI3K inhibitors may have selective efficacy in basal-like breast cancer with increased PI3K signaling, and identifies lactate, phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine as potential metabolic biomarkers for early therapy monitoring. In human biopsies, variable pAktser473 levels were observed, suggesting heterogeneous PI3K signaling activity in BLBC.
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Magnitsky S, Belka G, Sterner C, Pickup S, Chodosh L, Glickson J. Lactate detection in inducible and orthotopic Her2/neu mammary gland tumours in mouse models. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:35-42. [PMID: 22767445 PMCID: PMC3535525 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the steady state concentration of lactate in an inducible Her2/nue transgenic breast cancer mouse model and in tumours from the same Her2/neu model grown orthotopically. In vivo lactate was detected by MRS using the Hadamard encoded selective multiple quantum coherence pulse sequence (HadSelMQC) recently developed by our laboratory. A lower lactate signal was observed in the inducible tumours compared to orthotopic tumours in vivo, while ex vivo analysis of perchloric acid extracts revealed similar amounts of this metabolite in both models. Histological staining of mammary tumour specimens showed a much higher level of fat tissue in inducible tumours compared to the orthotopic model. Phantom studies with [3-(13) C] lactate indicated that a lipid environment could significantly reduce the T2 of lactate and impede its detection. The transgenic inducible model for breast cancer not only better recapitulated the biological aspects of the human disease but also provided additional characteristics related to in vivo detection of lactate that are not available in orthotopic or xenograft models. This study suggests that the level of lactate measured by the HadSelMQC pulse sequence may be underestimated in human patients in the presence of high lipid levels that are typically encountered in the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Magnitsky
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - G.K. Belka
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - C. Sterner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - S. Pickup
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - L.A. Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J.D. Glickson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Zhou Z, Lu ZR. Gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance cancer imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 5:1-18. [PMID: 23047730 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a clinical imaging modality effective for anatomical and functional imaging of diseased soft tissues, including solid tumors. MRI contrast agents (CA) have been routinely used for detecting tumor at an early stage. Gadolinium-based CA are the most commonly used CA in clinical MRI. There have been significant efforts to design and develop novel Gd(III) CA with high relaxivity, low toxicity, and specific tumor binding. The relaxivity of the Gd(III) CA can be increased by proper chemical modification. The toxicity of Gd(III) CA can be reduced by increasing the agents' thermodynamic and kinetic stability, as well as optimizing their pharmacokinetic properties. The increasing knowledge in the field of cancer genomics and biology provides an opportunity for designing tumor-specific CA. Various new Gd(III) chelates have been designed and evaluated in animal models for more effective cancer MRI. This review outlines the design and development, physicochemical properties, and in vivo properties of several classes of Gd(III)-based MR CA tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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James ML, Gambhir SS. A molecular imaging primer: modalities, imaging agents, and applications. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:897-965. [PMID: 22535898 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 702] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is revolutionizing the way we study the inner workings of the human body, diagnose diseases, approach drug design, and assess therapies. The field as a whole is making possible the visualization of complex biochemical processes involved in normal physiology and disease states, in real time, in living cells, tissues, and intact subjects. In this review, we focus specifically on molecular imaging of intact living subjects. We provide a basic primer for those who are new to molecular imaging, and a resource for those involved in the field. We begin by describing classical molecular imaging techniques together with their key strengths and limitations, after which we introduce some of the latest emerging imaging modalities. We provide an overview of the main classes of molecular imaging agents (i.e., small molecules, peptides, aptamers, engineered proteins, and nanoparticles) and cite examples of how molecular imaging is being applied in oncology, neuroscience, cardiology, gene therapy, cell tracking, and theranostics (therapy combined with diagnostics). A step-by-step guide to answering biological and/or clinical questions using the tools of molecular imaging is also provided. We conclude by discussing the grand challenges of the field, its future directions, and enormous potential for further impacting how we approach research and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L James
- Molecular Imaging Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
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Li G, Liu M, Wang L, Dong L, Sun D, Wei X, Di Y. The Mixing Enthalpy Interaction Coefficients of N,N′-Hexamethylenebisacetamide with l-Alanine and l-Serine in Aqueous Glucose Solutions at 298.15 K. J SOLUTION CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-012-9838-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Choline-releasing glycerophosphodiesterase EDI3 drives tumor cell migration and metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:8155-60. [PMID: 22570503 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1117654109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis from primary tumors remains a major problem for tumor therapy. In the search for markers of metastasis and more effective therapies, the tumor metabolome is relevant because of its importance to the malignant phenotype and metastatic capacity of tumor cells. Altered choline metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. More specifically, a decreased glycerophosphocholine (GPC) to phosphocholine (PC) ratio was reported in breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. Improved strategies to exploit this altered choline metabolism are therefore required. However, the critical enzyme cleaving GPC to produce choline, the initial step in the pathway controlling the GPC/PC ratio, remained unknown. In the present work, we have identified the enzyme, here named EDI3 (endometrial differential 3). Purified recombinant EDI3 protein cleaves GPC to form glycerol-3-phosphate and choline. Silencing EDI3 in MCF-7 cells decreased this enzymatic activity, increased the intracellular GPC/PC ratio, and decreased downstream lipid metabolites. Downregulating EDI3 activity inhibited cell migration via disruption of the PKCα signaling pathway, with stable overexpression of EDI3 showing the opposite effect. EDI3 was originally identified in our screening study comparing mRNA levels in metastasizing and nonmetastasizing endometrial carcinomas. Both Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analyses revealed a negative association between high EDI3 expression and relapse-free survival time in both endometrial (P < 0.001) and ovarian (P = 0.029) cancers. Overall, we have identified EDI3, a key enzyme controlling GPC and choline metabolism. Because inhibition of EDI3 activity corrects the GPC/PC ratio and decreases the migration capacity of tumor cells, it represents a possible target for therapeutic intervention.
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Esteve V, Celda B, Martínez-Bisbal MC. Use of 1H and 31P HRMAS to evaluate the relationship between quantitative alterations in metabolite concentrations and tissue features in human brain tumour biopsies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2611-25. [PMID: 22552786 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative multinuclear high-resolution magic angle spinning was performed in order to determine the tissue pH values of and the absolute metabolite concentrations in 33 samples of human brain tumour tissue. Metabolite concentrations were quantified by 1D (1)H and (31)P HRMAS using the electronic reference to in vivo concentrations (ERETIC) synthetic signal. (1)H-(1)H homonuclear and (1)H-(31)P heteronuclear correlation experiments enabled the direct assessment of the (1)H-(31)P spin systems for signals that suffered from overlapping in the 1D (1)H spectra, and linked the information present in the 1D (1)H and (31)P spectra. Afterwards, the main histological features were determined, and high heterogeneity in the tumour content, necrotic content and nonaffected tissue content was observed. The metabolite profiles obtained by HRMAS showed characteristics typical of tumour tissues: rather low levels of energetic molecules and increased concentrations of protective metabolites. Nevertheless, these characteristics were more strongly correlated with the total amount of living tissue than with the tumour cell contents of the samples alone, which could indicate that the sampling conditions make a significant contribution aside from the effect of tumour development in vivo. The use of methylene diphosphonic acid as a chemical shift and concentration reference for the (31)P HRMAS spectra of tissues presented important drawbacks due to its interaction with the tissue. Moreover, the pH data obtained from (31)P HRMAS enabled us to establish a correlation between the pH and the distance between the N(CH(3))(3) signals of phosphocholine and choline in (1)H spectra of the tissue in these tumour samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Esteve
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Burjassot, Spain
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Pan X, Wilson M, McConville C, Arvanitis TN, Kauppinen RA, Peet AC. The size of cytoplasmic lipid droplets varies between tumour cell lines of the nervous system: a 1H NMR spectroscopy study. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 25:479-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-012-0315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhu M, Fischl AS, Trowbridge MA, Shannon HE. Reproducibility of total choline/water ratios in mouse U87MG xenograft tumors by 1H-MRS. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 36:459-67. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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