1
|
Fujiwara SI, Nishimura K, Imamura K, Amisaki T. Identification of histidine residues that affect the T/R-state conformations of human hemoglobin using constant pH molecular dynamics simulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131457. [PMID: 38588836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Human hemoglobin (Hb) is a tetrameric protein consisting of two α and two β subunits that can adopt a low-affinity T- and high-affinity R-state conformations. Under physiological pH conditions, histidine (His) residues are the main sites for proton binding or release, and their protonation states can affect the T/R-state conformation of Hb. However, it remains unclear which His residues can effectively affect the Hb conformation. Herein, the impact of the 38 His residues of Hb on its T/R-state conformations was evaluated using constant-pH molecular dynamics (CpHMD) simulations at physiological pH while focusing on the His protonation states. Overall, the protonation states of some His residues were found to be correlated with the Hb conformation state. These residues were mainly located in the proximity of the heme (α87 and β92), and at the α1β2 and α2β1 interfaces (α89 and β97). This correlation may be partly explained by how easily hydrogen bonds can be formed, which depends on the protonation states of the His residues. Taken together, these CpHMD-based findings provide new insights into the identification of titratable His residues α87, α89, β92, and β97 that can affect Hb conformational switching under physiological pH conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Fujiwara
- Department of Biological Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Nishimura
- Department of Biological Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuto Imamura
- Department of Biological Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Takashi Amisaki
- Department of Biological Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu J, Feng Y, Guo X, Meng M, Li H, Fang H, Li Z, Lin L, Guo Z, Chen J, Tian H, Chen X. A Versatile Nanovaccine Enhancement Strategy Based on Suction-Inspired Physical Therapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4957-4971. [PMID: 38288709 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Vaccine technology is effective in preventing and treating diseases, including cancers and viruses. The efficiency of vaccines can be improved by increasing the dosage and frequency of injections, but it would bring an extra burden to people. Therefore, it is necessary to develop vaccine-boosting techniques with negligible side effects. Herein, we reported a cupping-inspired noninvasive suction therapy that could enhance the efficacy of cancer/SARS-CoV-2 nanovaccines. Negative pressure caused mechanical immunogenic cell death and released endogenous adjuvants. This created a subcutaneous niche that would recruit and activate antigen-presenting cells. Based on this universal central mechanism, suction therapy was successfully applied in a variety of nanovaccine models, which include prophylactic/therapeutic tumor nanovaccine, photothermal therapy induced in situ tumor nanovaccine, and SARS-CoV-2 nanovaccine. As a well-established physical therapy method, suction therapy may usher in an era of noninvasive and high-safety auxiliary strategies when combined with vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuanji Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoya Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Huapan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhaopei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Huayu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Homan RA, Jadhav AM, Conway LP, Parker CG. A Chemical Proteomic Map of Heme-Protein Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15013-15019. [PMID: 35960875 PMCID: PMC9811995 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heme is an essential cofactor for many human proteins as well as the primary transporter of oxygen in blood. Recent studies have also established heme as a signaling molecule, imparting its effects through binding with protein partners rather than through reactivity of its metal center. However, the comprehensive annotation of such heme-binding proteins in the human proteome remains incomplete. Here, we describe a strategy which utilizes a heme-based photoaffinity probe integrated with quantitative proteomics to map heme-protein interactions across the proteome. In these studies, we identified 350+ unique heme-protein interactions, the vast majority of which were heretofore unknown and consist of targets from diverse functional classes, including transporters, receptors, enzymes, transcription factors, and chaperones. Among these proteins is the immune-related interleukin receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), where we provide preliminary evidence that heme agonizes its catalytic activity. Our findings should improve the current understanding of heme's regulation as well as its signaling functions and facilitate new insights of its roles in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rick A. Homan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Appaso M. Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Louis P. Conway
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Christopher G. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Makino S, Horiuchi T, Ishida T, Sano N, Yajima T, Sogawa H, Sanda F. Synthesis of Platinum-Containing Conjugated Polymers Bearing Chiral Phosphine Ligands. Study of Geometries and Intermolecular Interactions Leading to Aggregation. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soya Makino
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Takashi Horiuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Natsuhiro Sano
- R&D Division, Nippon Chemical Industrial Co., LTD., 9-11-1 Kameido, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-8515, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Yajima
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Sogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Fumio Sanda
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mukherjee M, Dey A. Rejigging Electron and Proton Transfer to Transition between Dioxygenase, Monooxygenase, Peroxygenase, and Oxygen Reduction Activity: Insights from Bioinspired Constructs of Heme Enzymes. JACS AU 2021; 1:1296-1311. [PMID: 34604840 PMCID: PMC8479764 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nature has employed heme proteins to execute a diverse set of vital life processes. Years of research have been devoted to understanding the factors which bias these heme enzymes, with all having a heme cofactor, toward distinct catalytic activity. Among them, axial ligation, distal super structure, and substrate binding pockets are few very vividly recognized ones. Detailed mechanistic investigation of these heme enzymes suggested that several of these enzymes, while functionally divergent, use similar intermediates. Furthermore, the formation and decay of these intermediates depend on proton and electron transfer processes in the enzyme active site. Over the past decade, work in this group, using in situ surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy of synthetic and biosynthetic analogues of heme enzymes, a general idea of how proton and electron transfer rates relate to the lifetime of different O2 derived intermediates has been developed. These findings suggest that the enzymatic activities of all these heme enzymes can be integrated into one general cycle which can be branched out to different catalytic pathways by regulating the lifetime and population of each of these intermediates. This regulation can further be achieved by tuning the electron and proton transfer steps. By strategically populating one of these intermediates during oxygen reduction, one can navigate through different catalytic processes to a desired direction by altering proton and electron transfer steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjistha Mukherjee
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India, 700032
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB India, 700032
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maity D, Pal D. Molecular Dynamics of Hemoglobin Reveals Structural Alterations and Explains the Interactions Driving Sickle Cell Fibrillation. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9921-9933. [PMID: 34459602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In sickle cell anemia, deoxyhemoglobin deforms RBCs by forming fibrils inside that disintegrate on oxygenation. We studied 100 ns long all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) for sickle and normal hemoglobin fibril models to understand this process, complemented by multiple 1 μs MD for a single tetramer of sickle and normal hemoglobin in deoxy and oxy states. We find that the presence of hydrophobic residues without a bulky side chain at β-6 in hemoglobin is the reason for the stability of the fibrils. Moreover, the free energy landscapes from MD of hemoglobin starting in the tensed (T) state capture the putative transition from T to relaxed (R) state, associated with oxygen binding. The three conformational wells in the landscapes are characterized by the quaternary changes where one αβ dimer rotates with respect to the other. The conformational changes from the oxygenation of sickle hemoglobin hinder the intermolecular contacts necessary for fibril formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dibyajyoti Maity
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Debnath Pal
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Selim NS, El-Marakby SM. In-vitro study of the radioprotective effect of palladium α-lipoic acid nano-complex on hemoglobin molecule. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 258:119842. [PMID: 33940572 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work is intended to study the radioprotective effect of palladium α-lipoic acid nano-complex (PLAC) on hemoglobin molecule in vitro. Blood samples were obtained from adult male rats weighing 120-150 g after dissection, using heparinized needles. Each blood sample was divided into four groups; the first group was kept untreated as control, palladium α-lipoic acid (PLAC) was added to the second group at concentration 2% v/v, the third group was exposed to 100 Gy gamma radiation and the forth group was irradiated with the addition of PLAC. Hemoglobin was extracted and prepared for measurement. The effects on the hemoglobin molecule were evaluated by FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopy. The results showed that PLAC increases the optical energy gap of the transition of the amino acid side chains and affects the spatial distribution of the globin part. Gamma radiation affects mainly the globin part, results in unfolding of the protein structure and perturbation in the relative orientation of the transition dipole moments. Addition of PLAC to the blood samples prior to irradiation was shown to provide protective effects which can be attributed to its ability to neutralize the free radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabila S Selim
- Molecular Biophysics Lab, Radiation Physics Depart, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, POB 29 Madinat Nasr, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Seham M El-Marakby
- Molecular Biophysics Lab, Radiation Physics Depart, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, POB 29 Madinat Nasr, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aylaz G, Andaç M, Denizli A, Duman M. Recognition of human hemoglobin with macromolecularly imprinted polymeric nanoparticles using non-covalent interactions. J Mol Recognit 2021; 34:e2935. [PMID: 34472144 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) is the most abundant protein in the blood. It is vital for the living as oxygen carriers. Some of the very pure Hb-containing biological fluids are currently under clinical trial. However, the removal and purification of Hb from the blood are quite difficult, especially when it is at a low concentration level. In this study, the molecularly imprinted polymeric nanoparticles (MIPNs) were prepared using N-methacryloyl-histidine methyl ester (MAH) by mini-emulsion polymerization technique for specific binding of human hemoglobin (HHb). MIPNs in monosize form have a size of 152 ± 4 nm. They also have a high binding capacity (32.33 mg/g) of HHb. MIPNs retain 84% of the re-binding capacity for HHb after 10 cycles. The nanoparticles have 16 and 5 times higher binding capacity of HHb, respectively, in the presence of bovine serum albumin and lysozyme. Thanks to their high binding capacity and selectivity, MIPNs will allow them to be detected selectively for different target molecules. According to molecular docking, the main binding forces depend on hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces in the interaction within 5 Å around MAH molecule are observed through the amino acid residues of HHb at β1 and β2 subunit. The statistical mechanical analysis of docking showed that the free energy (ΔG) is -2732.14 kcal/mol, which indicates the interaction between MAH and HHb is energetically favorable at 298.15°K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülgün Aylaz
- Institute of Science, Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Müge Andaç
- Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Memed Duman
- Institute of Science, Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lucero García Rojas EY, Villanueva C, Bond RA. Hypoxia Inducible Factors as Central Players in the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:709509. [PMID: 34447792 PMCID: PMC8382733 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.709509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the major cause of death in industrialized countries. The main function of the CV system is to deliver nutrients and oxygen to all tissues. During most CV pathologies, oxygen and nutrient delivery is decreased or completely halted. Several mechanisms, including increased oxygen transport and delivery, as well as increased blood flow are triggered to compensate for the hypoxic state. If the compensatory mechanisms fail to sufficiently correct the hypoxia, irreversible damage can occur. Thus, hypoxia plays a central role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of CV diseases. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) orchestrate the gene transcription for hundreds of proteins involved in erythropoiesis, glucose transport, angiogenesis, glycolytic metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) handling, cell proliferation and survival, among others. The overall regulation of the expression of HIF-dependent genes depends on the severity, duration, and location of hypoxia. In the present review, common CV diseases were selected to illustrate that HIFs, and proteins derived directly or indirectly from their stabilization and activation, are related to the development and perpetuation of hypoxia in these pathologies. We further classify CV diseases into acute and chronic hypoxic states to better understand the temporal relevance of HIFs in the pathogenesis, disease progression and clinical outcomes of these diseases. We conclude that HIFs and their derived factors are fundamental in the genesis and progression of CV diseases. Understanding these mechanisms will lead to more effective treatment strategies leading to reduced morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cleva Villanueva
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Richard A Bond
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dixit VA, Blumberger J, Vyas SK. Methemoglobin formation in mutant hemoglobin α chains: electron transfer parameters and rates. Biophys J 2021; 120:3807-3819. [PMID: 34265263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin-mediated transport of dioxygen (O2) critically depends on the stability of the reduced (Fe2+) form of the heme cofactors. Some protein mutations stabilize the oxidized (Fe3+) state (methemoglobin, Hb M), causing methemoglobinemia, and can be lethal above 30%. The majority of the analyses of factors influencing Hb oxidation are retrospective and give insights only for inner-sphere mutations of heme (His58, His87). Herein, we report the first all-atom molecular dynamics simulations on both redox states and calculations of the Marcus electron transfer (ET) parameters for the α chain Hb oxidation and reduction rates for Hb M. The Hb wild-type (WT) and most of the studied α chain variants maintain globin structure except the Hb M Iwate (H87Y). The mutants forming Hb M tend to have lower redox potentials and thus stabilize the oxidized (Fe3+) state (in particular, the Hb Miyagi variant with K61E mutation). Solvent reorganization (λsolv 73-96%) makes major contributions to reorganization free energy, whereas protein reorganization (λprot) accounts for 27-30% except for the Miyagi and J-Buda variants (λprot ∼4%). Analysis of heme-solvent H-bonding interactions among variants provide insights into the role of Lys61 residue in stabilizing the Fe2+ state. Semiclassical Marcus ET theory-based calculations predict experimental kET for the Cyt b5-Hb complex and provide insights into relative reduction rates for Hb M in Hb variants. Thus, our methodology provides a rationale for the effect of mutations on the structure, stability, and Hb oxidation reduction rates and has potential for identification of mutations that result in methemoglobinemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav A Dixit
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani (BITS-Pilani), Rajasthan, India.
| | - Jochen Blumberger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shivam Kumar Vyas
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani (BITS-Pilani), Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Protein corona components of polyethylene glycol-conjugated organosilica nanoparticles modulates macrophage uptake. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 199:111527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
12
|
Effect of NH2-terminal acetylation on the oxygenation properties of vertebrate haemoglobin. Biochem J 2021; 477:3839-3850. [PMID: 32936244 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrate haemoglobin (Hb), the NH2-terminal residues of the α- and β-chain subunits are thought to play an important role in the allosteric binding of protons (Bohr effect), CO2 (as carbamino derivatives), chloride ions, and organic phosphates. Accordingly, acetylation of the α- and/or β-chain NH2-termini may have significant effects on the oxygenation properties of Hb. Here we investigate the effect of NH2-terminal acetylation by using a newly developed expression plasmid system that enables us to compare recombinantly expressed Hbs that are structurally identical except for the presence or absence of NH2-terminal acetyl groups. Experiments with native and recombinant Hbs of representative vertebrates reveal that NH2-terminal acetylation does not impair the Bohr effect, nor does it significantly diminish responsiveness to allosteric cofactors, such as chloride ions or organic phosphates. These results suggest that observed variation in the oxygenation properties of vertebrate Hbs is principally explained by amino acid divergence in the constituent globin chains rather than post-translational modifications of the globin chain NH2-termini.
Collapse
|
13
|
Nagao S, Idomoto A, Shibata N, Higuchi Y, Hirota S. Rational design of metal-binding sites in domain-swapped myoglobin dimers. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111374. [PMID: 33578251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The metal active site is precisely designed in metalloproteins. Here we applied 3D domain swapping, a phenomenon in which a partial protein structure is exchanged between molecules, to introduce metal sites in proteins. We designed multiple metal-binding sites specific to domain-swapped myoglobin (Mb) with His mutation. Stable dimeric Mbs with metal-binding sites were obtained by shifting the His position and introducing two Ala residues in the hinge region (K78H/G80A/H82A and K79H/G80A/H81A Mbs). The absorption and circular dichroism spectra of the monomer and dimer of K78H/G80A/H82A and K79H/G80A/H81A Mbs were similar to the corresponding spectra, respectively, of wild-type Mb. No negative peak due to dimer-to-monomer dissociation was observed below the denaturation temperature in the differential scanning calorimetry thermograms of K78H/G80A/H82A and K79H/G80A/H81A Mbs, whereas the dimer dissociates into monomers at 68 °C for wild-type Mb. These results show that the two mutants were stable in the dimer state. Metal ions bound to the metal-binding sites containing the introduced His in the domain-swapped Mb dimers. Co2+-bound and Ni2+-bound K78H/G80A/H82A Mb exhibited octahedral metal-coordination structures, where His78, His81, Glu85, and three H2O/OH- molecules coordinated to the metal ion. On the other hand, Co2+-bound and Zn2+-bound K79H/G80A/H81A Mb exhibited tetrahedral metal-coordination structures, where His79, His82, Asp141, and a H2O/OH- molecule coordinated to the metal ion. The Co2+-bound site exists deep inside the protein in the K79H/G80A/H81A Mb dimer, which may allow the unique tetrahedral coordination for the Co2+ ion. These results show that we can utilize domain swapping to construct artificial metalloproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nagao
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Idomoto
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoki Shibata
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Higuchi
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Shun Hirota
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang X, Wang R, Kermagoret A, Bardelang D. Oligomeric Cucurbituril Complexes: from Peculiar Assemblies to Emerging Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS ICR Marseille France
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau, Taipa Macau China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang X, Wang R, Kermagoret A, Bardelang D. Oligomeric Cucurbituril Complexes: from Peculiar Assemblies to Emerging Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21280-21292. [PMID: 32567745 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are an endless source of inspiration. By carefully tuning the amino-acid sequence of proteins, nature made them evolve from primary to quaternary structures, a property specific to protein oligomers and often crucial to accomplish their function. On the other hand, the synthetic macrocycles cucurbiturils (CBs) have shown outstanding recognition properties in water, and a growing number of (host)n :(guest)n supramolecular polymers involving CBs have been reported. However, the burgeoning field of discrete (n:n) host:guest oligomers has just started to attract attention. While 2:2 complexes are the major oligomers, 3:3 and up to 6:6 oligomers have been described, some associated with emerging applications, specific to the (n:n) arrangements. Design rules to target (n:n) host:guest oligomers are proposed toward new advanced host:guest systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Das D, Sen S, Sen K. Caffeine and catechin towards prevention of drug induced oxidation of hemoglobin: A spectroscopic study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 232:118167. [PMID: 32106030 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Administration of low doses of nitrates over prolonged periods in patients suffering from coronary heart disease may lead to chronic methemoglobinemia, a disease caused by oxidation of hemoglobin. Previous reports have shown that natural products like curcumin, vitamin E, vitamin C, resveratrol, etc., are capable of inhibition of nitrite induced oxidation of hemoglobin. Hence in this study we aimed to investigate the preventive role of antioxidants present in our diet, like caffeine and catechin hydrate which are commonly found in coffee and tea towards methemoglobin (met-Hb) formation. Our study revealed that when the hemolysate was pre-incubated with equimolar concentration of caffeine and its metabolite with respect to nitrite, the rate of the nitrite induced oxidation of HbA decreased from (7.33 ± 0.54) × 10-5 min-1 to (7.09 ± 1.05) × 10-5 min-1 and (2.98 ± 0.06) × 10-5 min-1 respectively. Hence it was evident that the metabolite of caffeine, 1-methyluric acid, exhibited better efficiency at physiological concentration than its precursor. On the contrary, only 4 mM catechin hydrate could enhance the rate of methemoglobin formation even in absence of nitrite and the rate of the reaction was (6.088 ± 0.31) × 10-5 min-1 which is comparable with that of 400 μM nitrite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Souvik Sen
- KPC Medical College & Hospital, 1F, Raja Subodh Chandra Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Kamalika Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ferrero S, Barbero H, Miguel D, García-Rodríguez R, Álvarez CM. Octapodal Corannulene Porphyrin-Based Assemblies: Allosteric Behavior in Fullerene Hosting. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4918-4926. [PMID: 32153183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An octapodal corannulene-based supramolecular system has been prepared by introducing eight corannulene moieties in a porphyrin scaffold. Despite the potential of this double picket fence porphyrin for double-tweezer behavior, NMR titrations show exclusive formation of 1:1 adducts. The system exhibits very strong affinity for C60 and C70 (K1 = (2.71 ± 0.08) × 104 and (2.13 ± 0.1) × 105 M-1, respectively), presenting selectivity for the latter. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that, in addition to the four corannulene units, the relatively flexible porphyrin tether actively participates in the recognition process, resulting in a strong synergistic effect. This leads to a very strong interaction with C60, which in turn also induces a large structural change on the other face (second potential binding site), leading to a negative allosteric effect. We also introduced Zn2+ in the porphyrin core in an attempt to modulate its flexibility. The resulting metalloporphyrin also displayed single-tweezer behavior, albeit with slightly smaller binding constants for C60 and C70, suggesting that the effect of the coordination of fullerene to one face of our supramolecular platform was still transmitted to the other face, leading to the deactivation of the second potential binding site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ferrero
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Héctor Barbero
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Daniel Miguel
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl García-Rodríguez
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Celedonio M Álvarez
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dohare N, Siddiquee MA, Parray MD, Kumar A, Patel R. Esterase activity and interaction of human hemoglobin with diclofenac sodium: A spectroscopic and molecular docking study. J Mol Recognit 2020; 33:e2841. [PMID: 32150309 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To get an idea about the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, it is important to study the drug-protein interaction. Therefore, herein, we studied the interaction of diclofenac sodium (DIC) with human hemoglobin. The binding study of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, DIC with human hemoglobin (HHB) was done by utilizing fluorescence, UV-visible, time-resolved fluorescence and far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD). Various thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS), and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) were also calculated. CD results showed that DIC induces secondary structure change in HHB. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer was also performed. Additionally, it was also observed that DIC inhibits the esterase-like enzymatic activity of HHB via competitive inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Dohare
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Abrar Siddiquee
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehrajud Din Parray
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajan Patel
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Funaki R, Okamoto W, Endo C, Morita Y, Kihira K, Komatsu T. Genetically engineered haemoglobin wrapped covalently with human serum albumins as an artificial O 2 carrier. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1139-1145. [PMID: 31840728 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02184a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and O2 affinity of genetically engineered human adult haemoglobin (rHbA) wrapped covalently with recombinant human serum albumins (rHSAs) as an artificial O2 carrier used for a completely synthetic red blood cell (RBC) substitute. Wild-type rHbA [rHbA(wt)] expressed in yeast species Pichia pastoris shows an identical amino acid sequence and three-dimensional structure to those of native HbA. It is particularly interesting that two orientations of the prosthetic haem group in rHbA(wt) were aligned by gentle heating in the natural form. Covalent wrapping of rHbA(wt) with three rHSAs conferred a core-shell structured haemoglobin-albumin cluster: rHbA(wt)-rHSA3. Three variant clusters containing an rHbA mutant core were also created: Leu-β28 → Phe, Leu-β28 → Trp, and Leu-β28 → Tyr/His-β63 → Gln. Replacement of Leu-β28 with Trp decreased the distal space in the haem pocket, thereby yielding a cluster with moderately low O2 affinity which is nearly the same as that of human RBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Funaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Wataru Okamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Endo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Yoshitsugu Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Kiyohito Kihira
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Komatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
This chapter reviews how allosteric (heterotrophic) effectors and natural mutations impact hemoglobin (Hb) primary physiological function of oxygen binding and transport. First, an introduction about the structure of Hb is provided, including the ensemble of tense and relaxed Hb states and the dynamic equilibrium of Hb multistate. This is followed by a brief review of Hb variants with altered Hb structure and oxygen binding properties. Finally, a review of different endogenous and exogenous allosteric effectors of Hb is presented with particular emphasis on the atomic interactions of synthetic ligands with altered allosteric function of Hb that could potentially be harnessed for the treatment of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa H Ahmed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Mohini S Ghatge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA.,Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Martin K Safo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA. .,Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pu P, Lu S, Niu Z, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Yang X, Zhao Y, Tang X, Chen Q. Oxygenation properties and underlying molecular mechanisms of hemoglobins in plateau zokor ( Eospalax baileyi). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R696-R708. [PMID: 31508994 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00335.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi) is a species of subterranean rodent endemic to the Tibetan Plateau. It is well adapted to the cold and hypoxic and hypercapnic burrow. To study the oxygenation properties of plateau zokor hemoglobins (Hbs), we measured intrinsic Hb-O2 affinities and their sensitivities to pH (Bohr effect); CO2; Cl-, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG); and temperature using purified Hbs from zokor and mouse. The optimal deoxyHb model of plateau zokor was constructed and used to study its structural characteristics by molecular dynamics simulations. O2 binding results revealed that plateau zokor Hbs exhibit remarkably high intrinsic Hb-O2 affinity, low CO2 effects compared with human and the relatively low anion allosteric effector sensitivities (DPG and Cl-) at normal temperature, which would safeguard the pulmonary Hb-O2 loading under hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions. Furthermore, the high anion allosteric effector sensitivities at low temperature and low temperature sensitivities of plateau zokor Hbs would facilitate the releasing of O2 in cold extremities and metabolic tissues. However, the high Hb-O2 affinity of plateau zokor is not compensated by high pH sensitivity as the Bohr factors of plateau zokor Hbs were as low as those of mouse. The results of molecular dynamics simulations revealed the reduced hydrogen bonding between the α1β1- and α2β2-dimer interface of deoxyHb in zokor compared with mouse. It may be the primary mechanism of the high intrinsic Hb-O2 affinities in zokor. Specifically, substitution of the 131Ser→Asn in the α2-chain weakened the connection between α1- and β2-subunit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Pu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Songsong Lu
- Faculty of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiyi Niu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xingwen Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nishitani Y, Okutani H, Takeda Y, Uchida T, Iwai K, Ishimori K. Specific heme binding to heme regulatory motifs in iron regulatory proteins and its functional significance. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 198:110726. [PMID: 31220756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) control iron metabolism in mammalian cells by binding to the iron-responsive element (IRE) in the target mRNA. Heme regulatory motifs (HRMs) are conserved in the two IRP homologues IRP1 and IRP2 that specifically bind to two and three heme equivalents, respectively; however, only the heme binding to the iron-dependent degradation (IDD) domain of IRP2 causes heme-mediated oxidation, which does not occur in IRP1. Therefore, the functional significance of conserved HRMs outside the IDD domain is yet unclear. In this study, spectroscopic heme titration with IRP mutants confirmed heme binding to each HRM in IRPs, and the effect of heme binding to HRMs on IRE binding was examined. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that heme binding to HRMs near the IRE binding site inhibits complex formation between IRPs and IRE without oxidative modification, indicating that the function of HRMs varies outside and within the IDD domain. However, the formation of a typical reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide, was spectroscopically detected in both heme-bound IRPs. Comparing the heme environmental structures surrounding HRMs, the flexible conformation and many amino acid residues sensitive to ROS of the IDD domain were suggested to promote specific oxidation by the generated hydrogen peroxide. Thus, heme binding to HRM near the IRE binding site sterically interferes with IRE binding, while HRM in the IDD domain facilitates specific heme-mediated oxidation of the protein moiety and the protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, resulting in the inhibition of IRE binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Nishitani
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Okutani
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yukiko Takeda
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8561, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchida
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8561, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ishimori
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li T, Li J, Pang Q, Ma L, Tong W, Gao C. Construction of Microreactors for Cascade Reaction and Their Potential Applications as Antibacterial Agents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6789-6795. [PMID: 30702277 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic cascade reactions in confined microenvironments play important roles in cellular chemical transformation. They also have important biotechnological and therapeutic applications. Here, enzymatic cascade microreactors (MRs) coupling glucose oxidase (GOx) and hemoglobin (Hb) (GOx-Hb MRs) were successfully fabricated by co-precipitation of GOx and Hb into a MnCO3 template, followed by the assembly of a multilayer film on a template surface, slight cross-linking, and final removal of MnCO3. In the presence of glucose with blood-relevant concentration, the GOx-Hb MRs exhibited a higher cascade reaction activity under mild acidic conditions than that under neutral conditions at physiological temperature. The GOx-Hb MRs effectively consumed glucose to generate HO· at pH = 5, which significantly inhibited bacterial growth and biofilm formation. This kind of enzymatic cascade microreactors might be useful for applications in biomedical fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Jiawei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Qian Pang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Lie Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Weijun Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Okonjo KO, Fodeke AA, Atolaiye OB, Olatunde AM, Ajaelu CJ, Ajelabi O, Adediji AT, Adebayo AM, Uhuo OV, Babalola OJ. R and R2 quaternary structures of carbonmonoxyhemoglobins: Differential effect of inositol hexakisphosphate on their affinity for Ellman's reagent. Biophys Chem 2019; 247:1-12. [PMID: 30753970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate), DTNB, with hemoglobin sulfhydryl groups is linked to three negatively contributing Bohr effect groups: His2β is present in all avian hemoglobins but absent in some mammalian hemoglobins; His77β and His143β are absent in avian but present in nearly all mammalian hemoglobins. To probe the consequences of these differences, we determined the influence of inositol hexakisphosphate (inositol-P6) on the DTNB affinities of avian and mammalian carbonmonoxyhemoglobins. Inositol-P6decreases by two orders of magnitude the DTNB affinity of guinea pig hemoglobin, which has His2β and the R2 quaternary structure. It decreases, or has no effect on, the DTNB affinities of hemoglobins that have His2β and whose structures lie along the R2 ⇌ R quaternary equilibrium. Finally, inositol-P6increases by one to two orders of magnitude the DTNB affinities of hemoglobins that lack His2β. Thus His2β, DTNB and inositol-P6, in combination, distinguish the R2 from the R quaternary structure.
Collapse
|
25
|
Okonjo KO. Bohr effect and oxygen affinity of carp, eel and human hemoglobin: Quantitative analyses provide rationale for the Root effect. Biophys Chem 2018; 242:45-59. [PMID: 30245351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The functional properties of most fish hemoglobins are more complex than those of human hemoglobin. This complexity arises in the form of the Root effect, in which the oxygen affinity of such fish hemoglobins decreases rapidly with pH relative to that of human hemoglobin. Cooperative ligand binding is also diminished below pH ≈ 6.5. The Bohr effect, determined by acid-base titration, has been reported for the Root effect carp and anodic eel hemoglobins. Unlike for mammalian hemoglobins, the Wyman equation for the Bohr effect fails to account quantitatively for these Bohr data. We present a successful quantitative accounting for these data based on evidence for multiple T states in various fish hemoglobins and on their lack of sixhistidine Bohr groups, with pKoxy > pKdeoxy. On the same bases we also provide a rationale for the higher pH sensitivity of the oxygen affinity of carp compared to human hemoglobin.
Collapse
|
26
|
Teixeira CS, Cabral MES, Carneiro RF, Brito SV, Nagano CS, Silva ALC, Garcia W, Almeida WO, Sampaio AH, Delatorre P, Carvalho JMS, Sousa EHS, Rocha BAM. Structural aspects and physiological implications of the hemoglobin of green iguana (Iguana iguana). Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1275-1285. [PMID: 30171953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudener S Teixeira
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Mario E S Cabral
- Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rômulo F Carneiro
- Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Samuel V Brito
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Celso S Nagano
- Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - André L C Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wanius Garcia
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Waltécio O Almeida
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Sampaio
- Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Plínio Delatorre
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - José M S Carvalho
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Eduardo H S Sousa
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Bruno A M Rocha
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gutheil WG. Derivation and numerical profile analysis of a hierarchically formulated microscopic model of hemoglobin oxygen binding. Biophys Chem 2018; 241:38-49. [PMID: 30099247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To address complex thermodynamic systems with multiple interacting events, we have developed the concept of hierarchical thermodynamic interactions. In this study, this concept is extended to protein-ligand systems with similar but not identical protein subunits, and applied to the analysis of previously published NMR and UV-vis monitored hemoglobin oxygen binding data. Non-linear regression provided estimated errors for statistically significant parameters, but not for null (zero) valued parameters. A numerical/graphical profiling approach was therefore used to assess confidence intervals and correlations for both the statistically significant and nulled valued parameters in this model. Individual parameters were set to fixed values around their best-fit value, and the subset of statistically significant parameters re-minimized against hemoglobin oxygen binding data. Plots provide a graphical representation of parameter confidence intervals and correlations, and demonstrate how the two different data types - UV-vis and NMR - constrain the range of values for each parameter. This analysis further illustrates the value of hierarchically formulated models for the analysis of complex state systems, and illuminates the complexity of parameter space around the derived minimum microscopic model of hemoglobin oxygen binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William G Gutheil
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Graf E, Harrowfield J, Kintzinger JP, Lehn JM, Le Moigne J, Rissanen K. Protonation of a Spherical Macrotricyclic Tetramine: Water Inclusion, Allosteric Effect, and Cooperativity. Chempluschem 2018; 83:605-611. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Graf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires; Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jack Harrowfield
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires; Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jean-Pierre Kintzinger
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires; Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires; Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jacques Le Moigne
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires; Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; University of Jyvaskyla; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyvaskyla Finland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Storz JF. Compensatory mutations and epistasis for protein function. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2018; 50:18-25. [PMID: 29100081 PMCID: PMC5936477 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive protein evolution may be facilitated by neutral amino acid mutations that confer no benefit when they first arise but which potentiate subsequent function-altering mutations via direct or indirect structural mechanisms. Theoretical and empirical results indicate that such compensatory interactions (intramolecular epistasis) can exert a strong influence on trajectories of protein evolution. For this reason, assessing the form and prevalence of intramolecular epistasis and characterizing biophysical mechanisms of compensatory interaction are important research goals at the nexus of structural biology and molecular evolution. Here I review recent insights derived from protein-engineering studies, and I describe an approach for identifying and characterizing mechanisms of epistasis that integrates experimental data on structure-function relationships with analyses of comparative sequence data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay F Storz
- University of Nebraska, School of Biological Sciences, Lincoln, NE 68588-0114, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Molecular basis of hemoglobin adaptation in the high-flying bar-headed goose. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007331. [PMID: 29608560 PMCID: PMC5903655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
During the adaptive evolution of a particular trait, some selectively fixed mutations may be directly causative and others may be purely compensatory. The relative contribution of these two classes of mutation to adaptive phenotypic evolution depends on the form and prevalence of mutational pleiotropy. To investigate the nature of adaptive substitutions and their pleiotropic effects, we used a protein engineering approach to characterize the molecular basis of hemoglobin (Hb) adaptation in the high-flying bar-headed goose (Anser indicus), a hypoxia-tolerant species renowned for its trans-Himalayan migratory flights. To test the effects of observed substitutions on evolutionarily relevant genetic backgrounds, we synthesized all possible genotypic intermediates in the line of descent connecting the wildtype bar-headed goose genotype with the most recent common ancestor of bar-headed goose and its lowland relatives. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed one major-effect mutation that significantly increased Hb-O2 affinity on all possible genetic backgrounds. Two other mutations exhibited smaller average effect sizes and less additivity across backgrounds. One of the latter mutations produced a concomitant increase in the autoxidation rate, a deleterious side-effect that was fully compensated by a second-site mutation at a spatially proximal residue. The experiments revealed three key insights: (i) subtle, localized structural changes can produce large functional effects; (ii) relative effect sizes of function-altering mutations may depend on the sequential order in which they occur; and (iii) compensation of deleterious pleiotropic effects may play an important role in the adaptive evolution of protein function.
Collapse
|
31
|
Idili A, Ricci F. Design and Characterization of pH-Triggered DNA Nanoswitches and Nanodevices Based on DNA Triplex Structures. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1811:79-100. [PMID: 29926447 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8582-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Triplex DNA is becoming a very useful domain to design pH-triggered DNA nanoswitches and nanodevices. The high versatility and programmability of triplex DNA interactions allows the integration of pH-controllable modules into DNA-based reactions and self-assembly processes. Here, we describe the procedure to characterize DNA-based triplex nanoswitches and more in general pH-triggered structure-switching mechanisms. Procedures to characterize pH-triggered DNA nanodevices will be useful for many applications in the field of biosensing, drug delivery systems and smart nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Idili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Samajdar RN, Manogaran D, Yashonath S, Bhattacharyya AJ. Using porphyrin–amino acid pairs to model the electrochemistry of heme proteins: experimental and theoretical investigations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:10018-10029. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00605a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deconstructing the complex electrochemistry of heme proteins into simpler heme–amino acid interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudra N. Samajdar
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Dhivya Manogaran
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - S. Yashonath
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li H, Zhou X, Yao D, Liang H. pH-Responsive spherical nucleic acid for intracellular lysosome imaging and an effective drug delivery system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3520-3523. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00440d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a class of pH-responsive spherical nucleic acids that can exactly image intracellular lysosomes and be an effective drug delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Dongbao Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Haojun Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mondal PC, Fontanesi C. Electrochemistry of Metalloproteins Attached through Functional Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold and Ferromagnetic Electrodes. Chemphyschem 2017; 19:60-66. [PMID: 29124840 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report the experimental results of a study of the electron-transfer processes of redox-active metalloproteins bound to mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on magnetic (nickel or ultrathin gold-coated nickel) or nonmagnetic (gold) electrodes. Metalloproteins, such as hemoglobin (Hb), Cytochrome C (Cyt C), and Cyt C oxidase, are attached through electrostatic interactions to the free carboxylate or imidazole groups present in the mixed SAMs. The formation of both mixed SAMs and SAM/metalloprotein heterostructures were confirmed by using advanced surface analysis techniques, such as polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and aqueous contact angle measurements. Electrochemical measurements indicated a stronger electronic coupling between Hb and Cyt C oxidase and the mixed-SAM-coated gold or gold-coated-nickel electrodes, whereas a weaker coupling was found between the protein and the pure nickel electrode. Surface coverage and the electron-transfer rate constant were estimated from the cyclic voltammetry data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chandra Mondal
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.,National Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2M9, AB (Canada
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.,DIEF, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10, 41125, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gell DA. Structure and function of haemoglobins. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2017; 70:13-42. [PMID: 29126700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Haemoglobin (Hb) is widely known as the iron-containing protein in blood that is essential for O2 transport in mammals. Less widely recognised is that erythrocyte Hb belongs to a large family of Hb proteins with members distributed across all three domains of life-bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. This review, aimed chiefly at researchers new to the field, attempts a broad overview of the diversity, and common features, in Hb structure and function. Topics include structural and functional classification of Hbs; principles of O2 binding affinity and selectivity between O2/NO/CO and other small ligands; hexacoordinate (containing bis-imidazole coordinated haem) Hbs; bacterial truncated Hbs; flavohaemoglobins; enzymatic reactions of Hbs with bioactive gases, particularly NO, and protection from nitrosative stress; and, sensor Hbs. A final section sketches the evolution of work on the structural basis for allosteric O2 binding by mammalian RBC Hb, including the development of newer kinetic models. Where possible, reference to historical works is included, in order to provide context for current advances in Hb research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Gell
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, TAS 7000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tertiary and quaternary structural basis of oxygen affinity in human hemoglobin as revealed by multiscale simulations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10926. [PMID: 28883619 PMCID: PMC5589765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hemoglobin (Hb) is a benchmark protein of structural biology that shaped our view of allosterism over 60 years ago, with the introduction of the MWC model based on Perutz structures of the oxy(R) and deoxy(T) states and the more recent Tertiary Two-State model that proposed the existence of individual subunit states -“r” and “t”-, whose structure is yet unknown. Cooperative oxygen binding is essential for Hb function, and despite decades of research there are still open questions related to how tertiary and quaternary changes regulate oxygen affinity. In the present work, we have determined the free energy profiles of oxygen migration and for HisE7 gate opening, with QM/MM calculations of the oxygen binding energy in order to address the influence of tertiary differences in the control of oxygen affinity. Our results show that in the α subunit the low to high affinity transition is achieved by a proximal effect that mostly affects oxygen dissociation and is the driving force of the allosteric transition, while in the β subunit the affinity change results from a complex interplay of proximal and distal effects, including an increase in the HE7 gate opening, that as shown by free energy profiles promotes oxygen uptake.
Collapse
|
37
|
Weber RE, Jarvis JUM, Fago A, Bennett NC. O 2 binding and CO 2 sensitivity in haemoglobins of subterranean African mole rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:3939-3948. [PMID: 28851819 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.160457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inhabiting deep and sealed subterranean burrows, mole rats exhibit a remarkable suite of specializations, including eusociality (living in colonies with single breeding queens), extraordinary longevity, cancer immunity and poikilothermy, and extreme tolerance of hypoxia and hypercapnia. With little information available on adjustments in haemoglobin (Hb) function that may mitigate the impact of exogenous and endogenous constraints on the uptake and internal transport of O2, we measured haematological characteristics, as well as Hb-O2 binding affinity and sensitivity to pH (Bohr effect), CO2, temperature and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG, the major allosteric modulator of Hb-O2 affinity in red blood cells) in four social and two solitary species of African mole rats (family Bathyergidae) originating from different biomes and soil types across Central and Southern Africa. We found no consistent patterns in haematocrit (Hct) and blood and red cell DPG and Hb concentrations or in intrinsic Hb-O2 affinity and its sensitivity to pH and DPG that correlate with burrowing, sociality and soil type. However, the results reveal low specific (pH independent) effects of CO2 on Hb-O2 affinity compared with humans that predictably safeguard pulmonary loading under hypoxic and hypercapnic burrow conditions. The O2 binding characteristics are discussed in relation to available information on the primary structure of Hbs from adult and developmental stages of mammals subjected to hypoxia and hypercapnia and the molecular mechanisms underlying functional variation in rodent Hbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy E Weber
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 3, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Angela Fago
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 3, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Nigel C Bennett
- Zoology and Entomology Department, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Okonjo KO. Bohr effect of human hemoglobin: Separation of tertiary and quaternary contributions based on the Wyman equation. Biophys Chem 2017; 228:87-97. [PMID: 28743047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As a prelude to separating tertiary from quaternary structure contributions to the Bohr effect, we employed the Wyman equation to analyze Bohr data for human hemoglobin to which 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, 2,3-BPG, is bound. Changes in the pKas of the histidine Bohr groups result in a net reduction of their contributions to the Bohr effect at pH 7.4 compared to their contributions in stripped hemoglobin. The non-histidine 2,3-BPG binding groups - the β-chain terminal amino group and Lys82β - make negative and positive contributions, respectively, to the Bohr effect. The final result is that the Bohr effect at physiological pH is higher for 2,3-BPG bound compared to stripped hemoglobin. Contributions linked to His2β, His77β and His143β enable us to separate tertiary from quaternary Bohr contributions in stripped and in 2,3-BPG bound hemoglobin. Both contributions serve to make the Bohr effect for 2,3-BPG bound hemoglobin higher than for stripped hemoglobin at physiological pH.
Collapse
|
39
|
Okonjo KO. Bohr effect of native and chemically modified hemoglobins: Quantitative analyses based on the Wyman equation. Biophys Chem 2017; 226:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
40
|
Biological effects of α-adrenergic phentolamine on erythrocyte hemeprotein: Molecular insights from biorecognition behavior, protein dynamics and flexibility. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 171:75-84. [PMID: 28482223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phentolamine is one of the most representative nonselective α-adrenoreceptor blocking agents, which have been proved to be owned various pharmacological actions. Unfortunately, whether erythrocytes in the veins intervene in biological behaviors of such drug are largely obscured. With the aid of multiple biophysical techniques, this scenario was to detailed explore the potential biorecognition between phentolamine and the hemeprotein in the cytosol of erythrocytes, and the influences of dynamic characters of protein during the bioreaction. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence data manifested that the biomolecular recognition of phentolamine by hemeprotein was processed through the biopolymer-drug adduct with a moderate strength of 104M-1. Such procedure causes a reduction in fluorescence intensity of the aromatic tryptophan (Trp) residues, and the R-T transition of the globular protein occurred concurrently. Circular dichroism demonstrated the conclusions of fluorescence essays, viz. biorecognition can induce fairly structural transformation (self-regulation) of protein conformation. Furthermore, one could find that a specific domain for phentolamine is located at the polypeptide chains α1β2 interface, and hydrogen bonds, π-conjugated and hydrophobic effects are discovered to be held the lowest energy state of the biomacromolecule-drug biosystem, which overtly matches the outcomes of wet experiments. Meanwhile, several crucial residues such as Trp-37 and Arg-40 were confirmed to have directly noncovalent interactions with phentolamine, and the effect of the heme group on the biomolecule-drug recognition is minimal. Further analyses of molecular dynamics simulation supported that the inherent protein flexibility may notably elicit alterations in some key noncovalent bonds between biomacromolecule and drug during the dynamic biointeraction, which might primarily be attributed to the torsion of drug structure and the conformational changes of essential residues. Undoubtedly, this research will not only help to thoroughly unearth the pharmacological profiles of phentolamine, but to elaborate the impacts of the intrinsic features (i.e. dynamics and flexibility) of critically cellular proteins on the biological conducts of active α-adrenergic blockers.
Collapse
|
41
|
Vitagliano L, Mazzarella L, Merlino A, Vergara A. Fine Sampling of the R→T Quaternary-Structure Transition of a Tetrameric Hemoglobin. Chemistry 2016; 23:605-613. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Vitagliano
- Institute of Biostructures and Biomaging; CNR; Via Mezzocannone 16 80134 Napoli Italy
| | - Lelio Mazzarella
- Dept. Chemical Sciences; University of Napoli “Federico II”; Via Cinthia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Institute of Biostructures and Biomaging; CNR; Via Mezzocannone 16 80134 Napoli Italy
- Dept. Chemical Sciences; University of Napoli “Federico II”; Via Cinthia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Alessandro Vergara
- Institute of Biostructures and Biomaging; CNR; Via Mezzocannone 16 80134 Napoli Italy
- Dept. Chemical Sciences; University of Napoli “Federico II”; Via Cinthia 80126 Napoli Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate scarlm; Via G. Salvatore Napoli Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Okonjo KO. Bohr effect of avian hemoglobins: Quantitative analyses based on the Wyman equation. J Theor Biol 2016; 410:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
43
|
O'Neill DP, Robbins PA. A mechanistic physicochemical model of carbon dioxide transport in blood. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 122:283-295. [PMID: 27881667 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00318.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of mathematical models have been produced that, given the Pco2 and Po2 of blood, will calculate the total concentrations for CO2 and O2 in blood. However, all these models contain at least some empirical features, and thus do not represent all of the underlying physicochemical processes in an entirely mechanistic manner. The aim of this study was to develop a physicochemical model of CO2 carriage by the blood to determine whether our understanding of the physical chemistry of the major chemical components of blood together with their interactions is sufficiently strong to predict the physiological properties of CO2 carriage by whole blood. Standard values are used for the ionic composition of the blood, the plasma albumin concentration, and the hemoglobin concentration. All Km values required for the model are taken from the literature. The distribution of bicarbonate, chloride, and H+ ions across the red blood cell membrane follows that of a Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium. The system of equations that results is solved numerically using constraints for mass balance and electroneutrality. The model reproduces the phenomena associated with CO2 carriage, including the magnitude of the Haldane effect, very well. The structural nature of the model allows various hypothetical scenarios to be explored. Here we examine the effects of 1) removing the ability of hemoglobin to form carbamino compounds; 2) allowing a degree of Cl- binding to deoxygenated hemoglobin; and 3) removing the chloride (Hamburger) shift. The insights gained could not have been obtained from empirical models. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to incorporate a mechanistic model of chloride-bicarbonate exchange between the erythrocyte and plasma into a full physicochemical model of the carriage of carbon dioxide in blood. The mechanistic nature of the model allowed a theoretical study of the quantitative significance for carbon dioxide transport of carbamino compound formation; the putative binding of chloride to deoxygenated hemoglobin, and the chloride (Hamburger) shift.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P O'Neill
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A Robbins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dajnowicz S, Seaver S, Hanson BL, Fisher SZ, Langan P, Kovalevsky AY, Mueser TC. Visualizing the Bohr effect in hemoglobin: neutron structure of equine cyanomethemoglobin in the R state and comparison with human deoxyhemoglobin in the T state. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2016; 72:892-903. [PMID: 27377386 PMCID: PMC4932920 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798316009049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutron crystallography provides direct visual evidence of the atomic positions of deuterium-exchanged H atoms, enabling the accurate determination of the protonation/deuteration state of hydrated biomolecules. Comparison of two neutron structures of hemoglobins, human deoxyhemoglobin (T state) and equine cyanomethemoglobin (R state), offers a direct observation of histidine residues that are likely to contribute to the Bohr effect. Previous studies have shown that the T-state N-terminal and C-terminal salt bridges appear to have a partial instead of a primary overall contribution. Four conserved histidine residues [αHis72(EF1), αHis103(G10), αHis89(FG1), αHis112(G19) and βHis97(FG4)] can become protonated/deuterated from the R to the T state, while two histidine residues [αHis20(B1) and βHis117(G19)] can lose a proton/deuteron. αHis103(G10), located in the α1:β1 dimer interface, appears to be a Bohr group that undergoes structural changes: in the R state it is singly protonated/deuterated and hydrogen-bonded through a water network to βAsn108(G10) and in the T state it is doubly protonated/deuterated with the network uncoupled. The very long-term H/D exchange of the amide protons identifies regions that are accessible to exchange as well as regions that are impermeable to exchange. The liganded relaxed state (R state) has comparable levels of exchange (17.1% non-exchanged) compared with the deoxy tense state (T state; 11.8% non-exchanged). Interestingly, the regions of non-exchanged protons shift from the tetramer interfaces in the T-state interface (α1:β2 and α2:β1) to the cores of the individual monomers and to the dimer interfaces (α1:β1 and α2:β2) in the R state. The comparison of regions of stability in the two states allows a visualization of the conservation of fold energy necessary for ligand binding and release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Dajnowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Sean Seaver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - B. Leif Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - S. Zoë Fisher
- Scientific Activities Division, Science Directorate, European Spallation Source, PO Box 176, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul Langan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrey Y. Kovalevsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy C. Mueser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The Primary Structure of β(I)-Chain of Hemoglobin from Snake Sindhi Krait (Bungarus sindanus sindanus). Protein J 2016; 35:193-201. [PMID: 27118198 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-016-9661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The amino acid sequence of β(I)-globin chain from Sindhi Krait (Bungarus sindanus sindanus) was determined to study the molecular evolution among snakes. The hemoglobin was isolated from the red blood cells and was analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography (IEX). The crude globin was subjected to reversed phased-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using C4 column. The N-terminal sequences of intact globin chains and tryptic peptides were determined by Edman degradation in a pulsed liquid gas phase sequencer using an online Phenylthiohydantoin analyzer. Sindhi Krait is expected to express three hemoglobin components that are composed of β(II), β(I), α(D) and α(A)-globin chains, as apparent by IEX, RP-HPLC and N-terminal sequence analyses. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses of β(I) globin chain from Sindhi Krait showed closest relationship with β(I) globin chain from Rattlesnake, Water snake and Indigo snake. Interestingly, comparison of primary sequence of β(I) globin chain of Sindhi Krait with human β chain revealed 63 % similarity along with the retention of all heme contact points. Variations among the two sequences were prominent at αβ contact points and in regions directly not important for function.
Collapse
|
46
|
Chatterjee S, Kumar GS. Binding of fluorescent acridine dyes acridine orange and 9-aminoacridine to hemoglobin: Elucidation of their molecular recognition by spectroscopy, calorimetry and molecular modeling techniques. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 159:169-78. [PMID: 27077554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The molecular interaction between hemoglobin (HHb), the major human heme protein, and the acridine dyes acridine orange (AO) and 9-aminoacridine (9AA) was studied by various spectroscopic, calorimetric and molecular modeling techniques. The dyes formed stable ground state complex with HHb as revealed from spectroscopic data. Temperature dependent fluorescence data showed the strength of the dye-protein complexation to be inversely proportional to temperature and the fluorescence quenching was static in nature. The binding-induced conformational change in the protein was investigated using circular dichroism, synchronous fluorescence, 3D fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy results. Circular dichroism data also quantified the α-helicity change in hemoglobin due to the binding of acridine dyes. Calorimetric studies revealed the binding to be endothermic in nature for both AO and 9AA, though the latter had higher affinity, and this was also observed from spectroscopic data. The binding of both dyes was entropy driven. pH dependent fluorescence studies revealed the existence of electrostatic interaction between the protein and dye molecules. Molecular modeling studies specified the binding site and the non-covalent interactions involved in the association. Overall, the results revealed that a small change in the acridine chromophore leads to remarkable alteration in the structural and thermodynamic aspects of binding to HHb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Chatterjee
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Das D, Pramanik U, Patra M, Banerjee M, Chakrabarti A. Differential interactions of imatinib mesylate with the membrane skeletal protein spectrin and hemoglobin. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27276a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-leukaemia drug imatinib has been shown to bind to spectrin, and to hemoglobin in its oxy-form with binding dissociation constants of 48 μM and 63 μM at 25 °C respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Das
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- HBNI
- Kolkata 700064
- India
| | - Ushasi Pramanik
- Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700009
- India
| | - Malay Patra
- Chemistry Department
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700009
- India
| | | | - Abhijit Chakrabarti
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- HBNI
- Kolkata 700064
- India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sowole MA, Vuong S, Konermann L. Interactions of hemoglobin and myoglobin with their ligands CN(-), CO, and O2 monitored by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9538-45. [PMID: 26327529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) can provide information on protein-ligand interactions via detection of the corresponding complexes as gaseous ions. Unfortunately, some systems are prone to dissociation upon transfer into the gas phase. The reversible oxygen binding to hemoglobin (Hb) has been extensively studied in solution using a wide range of biophysical techniques. In addition to O2, ferrous (Fe(II)) Hb can bind CO. High affinity interactions with CN(-) are limited to the ferric (Fe(III)) state. In analogous fashion, CN(-), CO, and O2 bind to myoglobin (Mb). It remains unclear whether any of these ligand-bound forms can be observed by ESI-MS. In this work we demonstrate the successful detection of MbCN, while MbCO and MbO2 do not survive under ESI-MS conditions. Control experiments suggest that an older report of "MbO2" detection by ESI-MS may involve the misassignment of oxidation artifacts formed under corona discharge conditions. The situation is more favorable for ESI-MS studies on Hb. The most intense signal in the HbCN mass distribution corresponds to the expected complex with four cyanide moieties bound. Ligand loss during ESI-MS is around 20%. HbCO is detectable as well, albeit with a more noticeable level of ligand dissociation (∼50%) which produces the 2CO-bound state as the highest intensity ion in the spectrum. In addition, our data suggest that low levels of HbO2 can survive the transition into the gas phase, evident from +64 Da and +128 Da signals that can be assigned to Hb carrying two and four oxygen molecules, respectively. The application of collisional activation induces neutral ligand loss for all three Hb derivatives. It appears that this is the first report on the detection of MbCN, HbCO, and HbO2 in the gas phase. We hope that this work will pave the way towards future spectroscopic investigations of desolvated Mb and Hb, complementing the extensive literature on CN(-), CO, and O2 bound globins in the condensed phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Modupeola A Sowole
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Stephanie Vuong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lars Konermann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bohr effect of hemoglobins: Accounting for differences in magnitude. J Theor Biol 2015; 380:436-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
50
|
Shadrina MS, Peslherbe GH, English AM. Quaternary-Linked Changes in Structure and Dynamics That Modulate O2 Migration within Hemoglobin’s Gas Diffusion Tunnels. Biochemistry 2015; 54:5268-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Shadrina
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling and PROTEO, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Gilles H. Peslherbe
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling and PROTEO, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Ann M. English
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling and PROTEO, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|