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Marshall PV, Thiel SD, Cote EE, Arigbede J, Whitaker ML, Walsh JPS. High-Pressure Synthesis and Recovery of Single Crystals of the Metastable Manganese Carbide, MnC x. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401581. [PMID: 38771299 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal carbides find widespread use throughout industry due to their high strength and resilience under extreme conditions. However, they remain largely limited to compounds formed from the early d-block elements, since the mid-to-late transition metals do not form thermodynamically stable carbides. We report here the high-pressure bulk synthesis of large single crystals of a novel metastable manganese carbide compound, MnCx (P63/mmc), which adopts the anti-NiAs-type structure with significant substoichiometry at the carbon sites. We demonstrate how synthesis pressure modulates the carbon loading, with ~40 % occupancy being achieved at 9.9 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Scott D Thiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Elizabeth E Cote
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - John Arigbede
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Matthew L Whitaker
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2100, United States
| | - James P S Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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2
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Bai X, Lu S, Song P, Jia Z, Gao Z, Peng T, Wang Z, Jiang Q, Cui H, Tian W, Feng R, Liang Z, Kang Q, Yuan H. Heterojunction of MXenes and MN 4-graphene: Machine learning to accelerate the design of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:716-725. [PMID: 38492372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential for the development of excellent bifunctional electrocatalysts, which are key functions in clean energy production. The emphasis of this study lies in the rapid design and investigation of 153 MN4-graphene (Gra)/ MXene (M2NO) electrocatalysts for ORR/OER catalytic activity using machine learning (ML) and density functional theory (DFT). The DFT results indicated that CoN4-Gra/Ti2NO had both good ORR (0.37 V) and OER (0.30 V) overpotentials, while TiN4-Gra/M2NO and MN4-Gra/Cr2NO had high overpotentials. Our research further indicated orbital spin polarization and d-band centers far from the Fermi energy level, affecting the adsorption energy of oxygen-containing intermediates and thus reducing the catalytic activity. The ML results showed that the gradient boosting regression (GBR) model successfully predicted the overpotentials of the monofunctional catalysts RhN4-Gra/Ti2NO (ORR, 0.39 V) and RuN4-Gra/W2NO (OER, 0.45 V) as well as the overpotentials of the bifunctional catalyst RuN4-Gra/W2NO (ORR, 0.39 V; OER, 0.45 V). The symbolic regression (SR) algorithm was used to construct the overpotential descriptors without environmental variable features to accelerate the catalyst screening and shorten the trial-and-error costs from the source, providing a reliable theoretical basis for the experimental synthesis of MXene heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Sen Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Pei Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Zepeng Jia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Zhikai Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Tiren Peng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Hong Cui
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China.
| | - Weizhi Tian
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
| | - Rong Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Qin Kang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Hongkuan Yuan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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3
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Bolar S, Ito Y, Fujita T. Future prospects of high-entropy alloys as next-generation industrial electrode materials. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8664-8722. [PMID: 38873068 PMCID: PMC11168093 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06784j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of electrochemical processes in industrial applications has increased the demand for high-performance electrode materials. High-entropy alloys (HEAs), a class of multicomponent alloys with unique properties, have emerged as potential electrode materials owing to their enhanced catalytic activity, superior stability, and tunable electronic structures. This review explores contemporary developments in HEA-based electrode materials for industrial applications and identifies their advantages and challenges as compared to conventional commercial electrode materials in industrial aspects. The importance of tuning the composition, crystal structure, different phase formations, thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, and surface morphology of HEAs and their derivatives to achieve the predicted electrochemical performance is emphasized in this review. Synthetic procedures for producing potential HEA electrode materials are outlined, and theoretical discussions provide a roadmap for recognizing the ideal electrode materials for specific electrochemical processes in an industrial setting. A comprehensive discussion and analysis of various electrochemical processes (HER, OER, ORR, CO2RR, MOR, AOR, and NRR) and electrochemical applications (batteries, supercapacitors, etc.) is included to appraise the potential ability of HEAs as an electrode material in the near future. Overall, the design and development of HEAs offer a promising pathway for advancing industrial electrode materials with improved performance, selectivity, and stability, potentially paving the way for the next generation of electrochemical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Bolar
- School of Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada Kami City Kochi 782-8502 Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8573 Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujita
- School of Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada Kami City Kochi 782-8502 Japan
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4
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Zhang C, Pan Z, Tao Y. Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Mo 2C/MoS 2 Composite Heterojunction Catalysts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2355. [PMID: 38793420 PMCID: PMC11123038 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen, as a clean, safe, and efficient energy carrier, is one of the hot energy sources that have attracted much attention. Mo2C, due to the introduction of C atoms, makes the atomic spacing of the Mo lattice decrease and changes the width of the d-band, which makes the electronic properties of Mo2C similar to that of Pt noble metals, exhibiting excellent electrochemical hydrogen precipitation performance. MoS2, due to its special crystal structure and tunable electronic structure, has been widely studied. In this paper, Mo2C nanoparticles were prepared by high-temperature carbonization, and then two-dimensional layered MoS2 were be loaded on Mo2C nanoparticles by the hydrothermal method to synthesize Mo2C/MoS2 composite catalysts. Their electrochemical hydrogen precipitation (HER) performance under acidic conditions was tested. The above catalysts were also characterized by modern material testing methods such as XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS. The results showed that the composite catalysts exhibited the most excellent electrochemical hydrogen precipitation performance at Mo2C/MoS2-3, with the lowest overpotential at a current density of 10 mA cm-2, Tafel slope, and electrochemical impedance. At the same time, the electrochemically active area was dramatically enhanced, with good stability under prolonged testing. The catalytic activity was significantly improved compared with that of Mo2C and MoS2. The characterization and experimental results indicate that the heterogeneous structure of Mo2C and MoS2 formed a built-in electric field between the two, which accelerated the electron transfer efficiency and provided more active sites. The Mo2C/MoS2 composite catalyst is a low-cost, easy-to-prepare, and high-efficiency electrochemical hydrogen precipitation catalyst, providing a new idea for developing green and clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyi Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (C.Z.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zhigang Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (C.Z.); (Z.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Yaqiu Tao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (C.Z.); (Z.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211800, China
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5
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Fang R, He H, Wang Z, Han YC, Fan FR. Rapid synthesis of high-purity molybdenum carbide with controlled crystal phases. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38742402 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00225c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of phase-pure carbide nanomaterials is crucial for understanding their structure-performance relationships, and for advancing their application in catalysis. Molybdenum carbides, in particular, have garnered increasing interest due to their Pt-like surface electronic properties and high catalytic activity. Traditional methods for synthesizing molybdenum carbide are often lengthy and energy-intensive, leading to an uncontrolled phase, low purity, and excessive carbon coverage, which hinder their catalytic performance improvement. This work introduces a novel pulsed Joule heating (PJH) technique that overcomes these limitations, enabling the controlled synthesis of high-purity molybdenum carbides (β-Mo2C, η-MoC1-x, and α-MoC1-x) within seconds by using MoOx/4-Cl-o-phenylenediamine as the hybrid precursor. The PJH method allows precise control over the diffusion of carbon species in the Mo-C system, resulting in a significantly improved phase purity of up to 96.89 wt%. Moreover, the electronic structure of platinum catalysts on molybdenum carbide was modulated through electron metal-support interaction (EMSI) between Pt and MoxC, and contributed to enhanced catalytic performance compared to carbon-supported Pt catalysts during the hydrogen evolution reaction. Overall, this work paves the way for efficient production of high-quality molybdenum carbide nanomaterials, and thus is expected to accelerate their industrial deployments in practical catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Haoxian He
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Ye-Chuang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Feng Ru Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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6
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McLeod LK, Spikes GH, Zalitis CM, Rigg KM, Walker M, Playford HY, Sharman JDB, Walton RI. Nanostructured Niobium and Titanium Carbonitrides as Electrocatalyst Supports. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2024; 7:10120-10129. [PMID: 38752019 PMCID: PMC11091850 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.4c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Nanostructured niobium-titanium carbonitrides, (Nb,Ti)C1-xNx, with the cubic-rock salt structure are prepared without the use of reactive gases via thermal treatment (700-1200 °C) under nitrogen of mixtures of guanidine carbonate and ammonium niobate (V) oxalate hydrate, with addition of ammonium titanyl oxalate monohydrate as a titanium source. The bulk structure and chemical composition of the materials are characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and powder neutron diffraction, elemental homogeneity is studied using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and surface chemical analysis is examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Nanoscale crystallites of between 10 and 50 nm are observed by TEM, where EDS reveals the homogeneity of metal distribution for the mixed-metal materials. Titanium carbonitrides are found to be air sensitive, reacting with air under ambient conditions, while titanium-niobium carbonitrides are found to degrade in aqueous sulfuric acid. The niobium carbonitrides, however, show some stability toward acidic solutions. Materials are produced with composition NbC1-xNx with x between 0.35 and 0.45, and more carbon-rich materials (x ≈ 0.35) are found as the synthesis temperature is increased, as proven by Rietveld refinement of crystal structure against powder neutron diffraction data. Despite phase purity seen by diffraction and negligible bulk carbon content, XPS shows a complex surface chemistry for the NbC1-xNx materials, with evidence for Nb2O5-like oxide species in a carbon-rich environment. The NbC1-xNx prepared at 900 °C has a surface area around 50 m2 g-1, making it suitable as a catalyst support. Loading with iridium provides a material active for the oxygen evolution reaction in 0.1 M sulfuric acid, with minimal leaching of either Nb or Ir after 1000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy K. McLeod
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Geoffrey H. Spikes
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | | | - Katie M. Rigg
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Helen Y. Playford
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | | | - Richard I. Walton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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7
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Díaz-Coello S, Winkler D, Griesser C, Moser T, Rodríguez J, Kunze-Liebhäuser J, García G, Pastor E. Highly Active W 2C-Based Composites for the HER in Alkaline Solution: the Role of Surface Oxide Species. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:21877-21884. [PMID: 38648335 PMCID: PMC11071040 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a crucial electrochemical process for the proposed hydrogen economy since it has the potential to provide pure hydrogen for fuel cells. Nowadays, hydrogen electroproduction is considerably expensive, so promoting the development of new non-noble catalysts for the cathode of alkaline electrolyzers appears as a suitable way to reduce the costs of this technology. In this sense, a series of tungsten-based carbide materials have been synthesized by the urea-glass route as candidates to improve the HER in alkaline media. Moreover, two different pyridinium-based ionic liquids were employed to modify the surface of the carbide grains and control the amount and nature of their surface species. The main results indicate that the catalyst surface composition is modified in the hybrid materials, which are then distinguished by the appearance of tungsten suboxide structures. This implies the action of ionic liquids as reducing agents. Consequently, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) is used to precisely determine the onset potentials and rate-determining steps (RDS) for the HER in alkaline media. Remarkably, the modified surfaces show high catalytic performance (overpotentials between 45 and 60 mV) and RDS changes from Heyrovsky-Volmer to Heyrovsky as the surface oxide structures get reduced. H2O molecule reduction is then faster at tungsten suboxide, which allows the formation of the adsorbed hydrogen at the surface, boosting the catalytic activity and the kinetics of the alkaline HER.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Díaz-Coello
- Institute
of Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of La Laguna, PO Box 456, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - D. Winkler
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - C. Griesser
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - T. Moser
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - J.L. Rodríguez
- Institute
of Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of La Laguna, PO Box 456, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - J. Kunze-Liebhäuser
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - G. García
- Institute
of Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of La Laguna, PO Box 456, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - E. Pastor
- Institute
of Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of La Laguna, PO Box 456, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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8
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Sredenschek AJ, Sanchez DE, Wang J, Lei Y, Sinnott SB, Terrones M. Heterostructures coupling ultrathin metal carbides and chalcogenides. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:460-469. [PMID: 38561520 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Non-layered transition metal carbides (TMCs) and layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are two well-studied material families that have individually received considerable attention over the past century. In recent years, with the shift towards two-dimensional materials and heterostructures, a field has emerged that is focused on the structure and properties of TMC/TMD heterostructures, which through chemical conversion exhibit diverse types of heterostructure configuration that host coupled 2D-3D interfaces, giving rise to exotic properties. In this Review, we highlight experimental and computational efforts to understand the routes to fabricate TMC/TMD heterostructures. Furthermore, we showcase how controlling these heterostructures can lead to emergent electronic transport, optical properties and improved catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Sredenschek
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for 2D and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David Emanuel Sanchez
- Center for 2D and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jiayang Wang
- Center for 2D and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yu Lei
- Institute of Materials Research & Center of Double Helix & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Management Engineering and Materials, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Susan B Sinnott
- Center for 2D and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Center for 2D and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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9
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Prats H, Stamatakis M. Transition Metal Carbides as Supports for Catalytic Metal Particles: Recent Progress and Opportunities. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3450-3460. [PMID: 38512338 PMCID: PMC10983064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal carbides (TMCs) constitute excellent alternatives to traditional oxide-based supports for small metal particles, leading to strong metal-support interactions, which drastically modify the catalytic properties of the supported metal atoms. Moreover, they possess extremely high melting points and good resistance to carbon deposition and sulfur poisoning, and the catalytic activities of some TMCs per se have been shown to be similar to those of Pt-group metals for a considerable number of reactions. Therefore, the use of TMCs as supports can give rise to bifunctional catalysts with multiple active sites. However, at present, only TiC and MoxC have been tested experimentally as supports for metal particles, and it is largely unclear which combinations may best catalyze which chemical reactions. In this Perspective, we review the most significant works on the use of TMCs as supports for catalytic applications, assess the current status of the field, and identify key advances being made and challenges, with an eye to the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Prats
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Roberts Building Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Michail Stamatakis
- Department
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Lab, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.
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10
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Kazemi A, Manteghi F, Tehrani Z. Metal Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Production in Water Splitting. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7310-7335. [PMID: 38405471 PMCID: PMC10882616 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The rising demand for fossil fuels and the resulting pollution have raised environmental concerns about energy production. Undoubtedly, hydrogen is the best candidate for producing clean and sustainable energy now and in the future. Water splitting is a promising and efficient process for hydrogen production, where catalysts play a key role in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). HER electrocatalysis can be well performed by Pt with a low overpotential close to zero and a Tafel slope of about 30 mV dec-1. However, the main challenge in expanding the hydrogen production process is using efficient and inexpensive catalysts. Due to electrocatalytic activity and electrochemical stability, transition metal compounds are the best options for HER electrocatalysts. This study will focus on analyzing the current situation and recent advances in the design and development of nanostructured electrocatalysts for noble and non-noble metals in HER electrocatalysis. In general, strategies including doping, crystallization control, structural engineering, carbon nanomaterials, and increasing active sites by changing morphology are helpful to improve HER performance. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in designing functional and stable electrocatalysts for HER in efficient hydrogen production from water-splitting electrolysis will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kazemi
- Research
Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran
| | - Faranak Manteghi
- Research
Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran
| | - Zari Tehrani
- The
Future Manufacturing Research Institute, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, SA1 8EN Swansea, United Kingdom
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11
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Saito K, Jinushi T, Soga I. Solid-State Synthesis of Niobium Carbide Electrocatalyst in the Presence of Vanadium as Suppressor of Energy Input and Greenhouse Gas Emission. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7069-7074. [PMID: 38371802 PMCID: PMC10870285 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state reaction (SSR) is a widely adopted method for functional inorganic material syntheses. Unlike intricate systems emerging from chemically unstable precursor usage, the SSR can proceed from stable precursor couples using simple apparatuses. However, this reaction is associated with high temperatures that overcome solid-state diffusion. Moreover, solid-state syntheses of technologically crucial carbides lead to greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, exploring an extrinsic component to suppress these challenges is vital to confronting global energy and environmental issues. This study reports that the presence of an ordinary element, vanadium (V), changes the routes of the SSR of niobium carbide (NbC), producing NbC efficiently and cleanly. 1000 °C is far below the temperature required to obtain NbC from a precursor couple of Nb2O5 and C, i.e., approximately 1500 °C is required. However, a carbon substitute, vanadium carbide, completely consumed Nb2O5 before reaching 1000 °C and consummated NbC crystallization for 10 h. Furthermore, NbC crystallites were observed using X-ray diffraction from 770 °C, and their formation was primarily accompanied by VNbO4, rather than being routed through NbO2 produced for the Nb2O5-C combination. The obtained NbC contained V as a dopant in the 15-50% range (NbC:V), and the relative abundance was correlated with the preparation temperature. Mass analyses revealed that the formation of NbC/V is barely associated with greenhouse gas emissions because of the sizable thermodynamic driving force for primarily forming vanadium oxide byproducts. Device performance using NbC/V was also assessed for a standard electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Saito
- Department of Materials Science and
Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata
University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takahiro Jinushi
- Department of Materials Science and
Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata
University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Itsuki Soga
- Department of Materials Science and
Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata
University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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12
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Cao X, Gao Y, Li Y, Weragoda DM, Tian G, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Chen B. Research progress on MOFs and their derivatives as promising and efficient electrode materials for electrocatalytic hydrogen production from water. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24393-24411. [PMID: 37583672 PMCID: PMC10424057 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04110g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen energy is considered to be the most potential "ultimate energy source" due to its high combustion calorific value, cleanliness, and pollution-free characteristics. Furthermore, the production of hydrogen via the electrolysis of water has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, environmentally safe, and high-purity hydrogen. However, it is also associated with issues such as high-power consumption for the reaction and limited large-scale application of noble metal catalysts. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous composite materials composed of metal ions and organic functional groups through orderly coordination with large specific surface areas and large porosity. Herein, we focus on the research status of MOFs and their transition metal derivatives for electrocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen and briefly describe the reaction mechanism and evaluation parameters of the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions. Furthermore, the relationship between the catalytic behavior and catalytic activity of different MOF-based catalysts and their morphology, elemental composition, and synthetic strategy is analyzed and discussed. The reasons for the excellent activity and poor stability of the original MOF materials for the electrolysis of water reaction are shown through analysis, and using various means to improve the catalytic activity by changing the electronic structure, active sites, and charge transfer rate, MOF-based catalysts were obtained. Finally, we present perspectives on the future development of MOFs for the electrocatalytic decomposition of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuankai Cao
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Carbon Neutrality, School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University Jinan 250013 China +8613864154887
| | - Yan Gao
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Carbon Neutrality, School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University Jinan 250013 China +8613864154887
- Shandong Province Jinan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center Jinan 250101 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Yanteng Li
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Carbon Neutrality, School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University Jinan 250013 China +8613864154887
| | - Delika M Weragoda
- School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Guohong Tian
- School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Wenke Zhang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Carbon Neutrality, School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University Jinan 250013 China +8613864154887
| | - Zhanchao Zhang
- Shandong Province Jinan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center Jinan 250101 China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Energy and Environmental Institute, University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK
| | - Baoming Chen
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Carbon Neutrality, School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University Jinan 250013 China +8613864154887
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13
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Ramírez AR, Heidari S, Vergara A, Aguilera MV, Preuss P, Camarada MB, Fischer A. Rhenium-Based Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting. ACS MATERIALS AU 2023; 3:177-200. [PMID: 38089137 PMCID: PMC10176616 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.2c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Due to the contamination and global warming problems, it is necessary to search for alternative environmentally friendly energy sources. In this area, hydrogen is a promising alternative. Hydrogen is even more promising, when it is obtained through water electrolysis operated with renewable energy sources. Among the possible devices to perform electrolysis, proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers appear as the most promising commercial systems for hydrogen production in the coming years. However, their massification is affected by the noble metals used as electrocatalysts in their electrodes, with high commercial value: Pt at the cathode where the hydrogen evolution reaction occurs (HER) and Ru/Ir at the anode where the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) happens. Therefore, to take full advantage of the PEM technology for green H2 production and build up a mature PEM market, it is imperative to search for more abundant, cheaper, and stable catalysts, reaching the highest possible activities at the lowest overpotential with the longest stability under the harsh acidic conditions of a PEM. In the search for new electrocatalysts and considering the predictions of a Trasatti volcano plot, rhenium appears to be a promising candidate for HER in acidic media. At the same time, recent studies provide evidence of its potential as an OER catalyst. However, some of these reports have focused on chemical and photochemical water splitting and have not always considered acidic media. This review summarizes rhenium-based electrocatalysts for water splitting under acidic conditions: i.e., potential candidates as cathode materials. In the various sections, we review the mechanism concepts of electrocatalysis, evaluation methods, and the different rhenium-based materials applied for the HER in acidic media. As rhenium is less common for the OER, we included a section about its use in chemical and photochemical water oxidation and as an electrocatalyst under basic conditions. Finally, concluding remarks and perspectives are given about rhenium for water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés
M. R. Ramírez
- Centro
de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería
y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, 8580745 Huechuraba, Santiago RM Chile
- Universidad
Mayor, Núcleo Química y Bioquímica, Facultad
de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino
La Pirámide 5750, 8580745 Huechuraba, Santiago RM Chile
| | - Sima Heidari
- Inorganic
Functional Materials and Nanomaterials Group, Institute for Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, University of
Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- FMF
− Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- FIT
− Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired
Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ana Vergara
- Centro
de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería
y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, 8580745 Huechuraba, Santiago RM Chile
| | - Miguel Villicaña Aguilera
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y
de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica
de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Paulo Preuss
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y
de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica
de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - María B. Camarada
- Inorganic
Functional Materials and Nanomaterials Group, Institute for Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, University of
Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- FIT
− Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired
Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y
de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica
de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Centro Investigación
en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Anna Fischer
- Inorganic
Functional Materials and Nanomaterials Group, Institute for Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, University of
Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- FMF
− Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- FIT
− Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired
Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence livMatS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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14
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TiC-Supported ruthenium nanoparticles as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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15
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Wang H, Diao Y, Gao Z, Smith KJ, Guo X, Ma D, Shi C. H 2 Production from Methane Reforming over Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts: From Surface Properties and Reaction Mechanism to Catalyst Development. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning116024, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning116024, P. R. China
| | - Zirui Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, P. R. China
| | - Kevin J. Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Xinwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning116024, P. R. China
| | - Ding Ma
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning116024, P. R. China
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16
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Ranjan P, Saptal VB, Bera JK. Recent Advances in Carbon Dioxide Adsorption, Activation and Hydrogenation to Methanol using Transition Metal Carbides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201183. [PMID: 36036640 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inevitable emission of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) due to the burning of a substantial amount of fossil fuels has led to serious energy and environmental challenges. Metal-based catalytic CO2 transformations into commodity chemicals are a favorable approach in the CO2 mitigation strategy. Among these transformations, selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is the most promising process that not only fulfils the energy demands but also re-balances the carbon cycle. The investigation of CO2 adsorption on the surface of heterogeneous catalyst is highly important because the formation of various intermediates which determines the selectivity of product. Transition metal carbides (TMCs) have received considerable attention in recent years because of their noble metal-like reactivity, ceramic-like properties, high chemical and thermal stability. These features make them excellent catalytic materials for a variety of transformations such as CO2 adsorption and its conversion into value-added chemicals. Herein, the catalytic properties of TMCs are summarize along with synthetic methods, CO2 binding modes, mechanistic studies, effects of dopant on CO2 adsorption, and carbon/metal ratio in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction to methanol using computational as well as experimental studies. Additionally, this Review provides an outline of the challenges and opportunities for the development of potential TMCs in CO2 hydrogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabodh Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Vitthal B Saptal
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Jitendra K Bera
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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17
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Fang H, Liao C, Ying Y, Cheng J, Wang Q, Huang H, Luo Y, Jiang L. Creating metal-carbide interactions to boost ammonia oxidation activity for low-temperature direct ammonia fuel cells. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Bin Yousaf A, Kveton F, Blsakova A, Popelka A, Tkac J, Kasak P. Electrochemical surface activation of commercial tungsten carbide for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and methanol oxidation reactions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Kumar Singh A, Das C, Indra A. Scope and prospect of transition metal-based cocatalysts for visible light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution with graphitic carbon nitride. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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20
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Magnéli TiO2 as a High Durability Support for the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Catalysts. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15124437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) cathode catalysts’ robustness is one of the primary factors determining its long-term performance and durability. This work presented a new class of corrosion-resistant catalyst, Magnél TiO2 supported Pt (Pt/Ti9O17) composite, synthesized. The durability of a Pt/Ti9O17 cathode under the PEMFC operating protocol was evaluated and compared with the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst. Like Pt/C, Pt/Ti9O17 exhibited exclusively 4e− oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the acidic solution. The accelerated stress tests (AST) were performed using Pt/Ti9O17 and Pt/C catalysts in an O2-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4 solution using the potential-steps cycling experiments from 0.95 V to 0.6 V for 12,000 cycles. The results indicated that the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of the Pt/Ti9O17 is significantly more stable than that of the state-of-the-art Pt/C, and the ECSA loss after 12,000 potential cycles is only 10 ± 2% for Pt/Ti9O17 composite versus 50 ± 5% for Pt/C. Furthermore, the current density and onset potential at the ORR polarization curve at Pt/C were significantly affected by the AST test. In contrast, the same remained almost constant at the modified electrode, Pt/Ti9O17. This demonstrated the excellent stability of Pt nanoparticles supported on Ti9O17.
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21
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Das P, Carter C, Shaheen G, Hamme AT. Bromo-lactamization of isoxazole via neighboring group participation: toward spiro-isoxazoline γ- and δ-lactams. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9628-9636. [PMID: 35424956 PMCID: PMC8985116 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01070d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spiro-heterocycles containing natural products and synthetic analogues have a broader biomedicinal application due to their rigid 3D conformation and structural implications. In this context, constructing spiro-isoxazoline systems have continued our interest in natural products and synthetic units to investigate their novel biological activities. Herein, a bromo-lactamization mediated neighboring group participation approach has been utilized on various isoxazole-amides to construct an array of spiro-isoxazoline-lactams. The easy synthesis with diverse functionalization in the periphery of a novel 3D framework could be interesting for biomedical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Das
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University Jackson Mississippi 39217 USA
| | - Cord Carter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University Jackson Mississippi 39217 USA
| | - Gulrukh Shaheen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University Jackson Mississippi 39217 USA
| | - Ashton T Hamme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University Jackson Mississippi 39217 USA
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22
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McLean LA, Ashford MW, Fyfe JWB, Slawin AMZ, Leach AG, Watson AJB. Asymmetric Synthesis of Heterocyclic Chloroamines and Aziridines by Enantioselective Protonation of Catalytically Generated Enamines. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200060. [PMID: 35133031 PMCID: PMC9306946 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for the synthesis of chiral vicinal chloroamines via asymmetric protonation of catalytically generated prochiral chloroenamines using chiral Brønsted acids. The process is highly enantioselective, with the origin of asymmetry and catalyst substituent effects elucidated by DFT calculations. We show the utility of the method as an approach to the synthesis of a broad range of heterocycle-substituted aziridines by treatment of the chloroamines with base in a one-pot process, as well as the utility of the process to allow access to vicinal diamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam A McLean
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Fife, UK
| | - Matthew W Ashford
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Fife, UK
| | - James W B Fyfe
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Fife, UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Fife, UK
| | - Andrew G Leach
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Allan J B Watson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Fife, UK
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23
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Ding H, Wang P, Su C, Liu H, Tai X, Zhang N, Lv H, Lin Y, Chu W, Wu X, Wu C, Xie Y. Epitaxial Growth of Ultrathin Highly Crystalline Pt-Ni Nanostructure on a Metal Carbide Template for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109188. [PMID: 35077589 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Structure engineering strategies such as core-shell and hollow nanostructures are effective pathways to improve the utilization of noble metals for catalysis. However, nowadays materials design based on these strategies still largely rely on precious metal templates. Herein, the epitaxial growth of highly crystalline Pt3 Ni overlayer on earth-abundant nickel carbide is reported, forming Ni3 C@Pt3 Ni core-shell nanoparticles with a well-defined interface through a new lattice-match-directed synthetic strategy. Derived from such core-shell nanostructures, ultrathin highly crystalline Pt3 Ni nanocages have an advantageous configuration of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)-favored facets and inherently high active surface area for the ORR, bringing high mass activity and specific activity as much as 4.71 A mgPt -1 and 5.14 mA cm-2 , which are 26 and 20 times to that of commercial Pt/C, respectively. This novel epitaxial growth of platinum opens up new avenues to rationally design highly active and economical electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Caijie Su
- School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Tai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Lv
- School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yue Lin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wangsheng Chu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Changzheng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xie
- School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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24
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Metal-Supported Biochar Catalysts for Sustainable Biorefinery, Electrocatalysis and Energy Storage Applications: A Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar (BCH) is a carbon-based bio-material produced from thermochemical conversion of biomass. Several activation or functionalization methods are usually used to improve physicochemical and functional properties of BCHs. In the context of green and sustainable future development, activated and functionalized biochars with abundant surface functional groups and large surface area can act as effective catalysts or catalyst supports for chemical transformation of a range of bioproducts in biorefineries. Above the well-known BCH applications, their use as adsorbents to remove pollutants are the mostly discussed, although their potential as catalysts or catalyst supports for advanced (electro)catalytic processes has not been comprehensively explored. In this review, the production/activation/functionalization of metal-supported biochar (M-BCH) are scrutinized, giving special emphasis to the metal-functionalized biochar-based (electro)catalysts as promising catalysts for bioenergy and bioproducts production. Their performance in the fields of biorefinery processes, and energy storage and conversion as electrode materials for oxygen and hydrogen evolutions, oxygen reduction, and supercapacitors, are also reviewed and discussed.
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25
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Abdelwahab A, Farghali AA, Enaiet Allah A. Synergy between iron oxide sites and nitrogen-doped carbon xerogel/diamond matrix for boosting the oxygen reduction reaction. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:837-848. [PMID: 36131831 PMCID: PMC9418389 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The innovative design and facile synthesis of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are crucial in the field of fuel cells. Herein, the facile synthesis of an iron oxide@nitrogen-doped carbon diamond (FeO x @NCD) composite via an effective pyrolysis strategy is reported. The properties of this electrocatalyst, including a high density of active sites, nitrogen doping, accessible surface area, well dispersed pyramidal morphology of the iron oxide, and the porous structure of the carbon matrix, promote a highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance. The electrocatalyst exhibits outstanding stability, with a half-wave potential of 0.692 V in alkaline solution (0.1 M KOH), as well as a limiting current density of -31.5 mA cm-2 at 0.17 V vs. RHE. This study highlights the benefits of hybridizing sp2 carbon xerogel and sp3 diamond carbon allotropes with iron oxide to boost the ORR activity. The proposed strategy opens up an avenue for designing advanced carbon-supported metal oxide catalysts that exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Abdelwahab
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62511 Egypt
- Faculty of Science, Galala University Sokhna Suez 43511 Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62511 Egypt
| | - Abeer Enaiet Allah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62511 Egypt
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Zhang L, Yan L, Lu J, Zhang Y, Yin Y. First-principles calculations of CO and CH3OH adsorption on Pt monolayer modified WC (0 0 0 1) surface. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Briz-Amate T, Castelo-Quibén J, Bailón-García E, Abdelwahab A, Carrasco-Marín F, Pérez-Cadenas AF. Growing Tungsten Nanophases on Carbon Spheres Doped with Nitrogen. Behaviour as Electro-Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7716. [PMID: 34947310 PMCID: PMC8708835 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work shows the preparation of carbon nanospheres with a high superficial nitrogen content (7 wt.%), obtained by a simple hydrothermal method, from pyrocatechol and formaldehyde, around which tungsten nanophases have been formed. One of these nanophases is tungsten carbide, whose electro-catalytic behavior in the ORR has been evaluated together with the presence of nitrogen surface groups. Both current and potential kinetic density values improve considerably with the presence of tungsten, despite the significant nitrogen loss detected during the carbonization treatment. However, the synergetic effect that the WC has with other electro-catalytic metals in this reaction cannot be easily evaluated with the nitrogen in these materials, since both contents vary in opposite ways. Nevertheless, all the prepared materials carried out oxygen electro-reduction by a mixed pathway of two and four electrons, showing remarkable electro-catalytic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Briz-Amate
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (T.B.-A.); (J.C.-Q.); (F.C.-M.); (A.F.P.-C.)
| | - Jesica Castelo-Quibén
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (T.B.-A.); (J.C.-Q.); (F.C.-M.); (A.F.P.-C.)
| | - Esther Bailón-García
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (T.B.-A.); (J.C.-Q.); (F.C.-M.); (A.F.P.-C.)
- Unit of Excellence in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Abdalla Abdelwahab
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
- Faculty of Science, Galala University, Suez 43511, Egypt
| | - Francisco Carrasco-Marín
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (T.B.-A.); (J.C.-Q.); (F.C.-M.); (A.F.P.-C.)
- Unit of Excellence in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín F. Pérez-Cadenas
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (T.B.-A.); (J.C.-Q.); (F.C.-M.); (A.F.P.-C.)
- Unit of Excellence in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Gold Carbide: A Predicted Nanotube Candidate from First Principle. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123182. [PMID: 34947530 PMCID: PMC8708319 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied to confirm that the gold carbide previously experimentally synthesized was AuC film. A crucial finding is that these kinds of AuC films are self-folded on the graphite substrate, leading to the formation of a semi-nanotube structure, which significantly diminishes the error between the experimental and simulated lattice constant. The unique characteristic, the spontaneous archlike reconstruction, makes AuC a possible candidate for self-assembled nanotubes. The band structure indicated, in the designed AuC nanotube, a narrow gap semiconductor with a bandgap of 0.14 eV. Both AIMD (at 300 and 450 K) results and phonon spectra showed a rather high stability for the AuC nanotube because a strong chemical bond formed between the Au–5d and C–2p states. The AuC nanotube could become a novel functional material.
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Ding H, Liu H, Chu W, Wu C, Xie Y. Structural Transformation of Heterogeneous Materials for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13174-13212. [PMID: 34523916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen generation is a promising pathway for renewable energy conversion and storage. One of the most important issues for efficient water splitting is to develop cost-effective and highly efficient electrocatalysts to drive sluggish oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) at the anode side. Notably, structural transformation such as surface oxidation of metals or metal nonoxide compounds and surface amorphization of some metal oxides during OER have attracted growing attention in recent years. The investigation of structural transformation in OER will contribute to the in-depth understanding of accurate catalytic mechanisms and will finally benefit the rational design of catalytic materials with high activity. In this Review, we provide an overview of heterogeneous materials with obvious structural transformation during OER electrocatalysis. To gain insight into the essence of structural transformation, we summarize the driving forces and critical factors that affect the transformation process. In addition, advanced techniques that are used to probe chemical states and atomic structures of transformed surfaces are also introduced. We then discuss the structure of active species and the relationship between catalytic performance and structural properties of transformed materials. Finally, the challenges and prospects of heterogeneous OER electrocatalysis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wangsheng Chu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Changzheng Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.,Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.,Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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Thode JM, Harris DP, Wan C, Leonard BM. Synthesis of Metastable Ternary Pd-W and Pd-Mo Transition Metal Carbide Nanomaterials. Molecules 2021; 26:6650. [PMID: 34771059 PMCID: PMC8588312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research and catalytic testing of platinum group transition metal carbides have been extremely limited due to a lack of reliable, simple synthetic approaches. Powder samples have been reported to phase separately above 1%, and only thin-film samples have been reported to have appreciable amounts of precious metal doping. Herein, we demonstrated, through the simple co-precipitation of Pd and W or Mo precursors and their subsequent annealing, the possibility to readily form ternary carbide powders. During the investigation of the Pd-W ternary system, we discovered a new hexagonal phase, (PdW)2C, which represents the first non-cubic Pd ternary carbide. Additionally, the solubility of Pd in the Pd-W-C and Pd-Mo-C systems was increased to 24 and 32%, respectively. As a potential application, these new materials show an enhanced activity for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) compared to industrial Pd/C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian M. Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (J.M.T.); (D.P.H.); (C.W.)
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32
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First-principles characterisation of spectroscopic and bonding properties of cationic bismuth carbide clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Giofrè S, Molteni L, Nava D, Lo Presti L, Beccalli EM. Enantio- and Regioselective Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Dioxygenation of (Aza-)Alkenols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21723-21727. [PMID: 34387928 PMCID: PMC8518864 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An oxidative Pd-catalyzed intra-intermolecular dioxygenation of (aza-)alkenols has been reported, with total regioselectivity. To study the stereoselectivity, different chiral ligands as well as different hypervalent-iodine compounds have been compared. In particular, by using a C-6 modified pyridinyl-oxazoline (Pyox) ligand and hypervalent iodine bearing an aromatic ring, an excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Giofrè
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”Università degli Studi di MilanoVia Venezian 2120133MilanoItaly
| | - Letizia Molteni
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”Università degli Studi di MilanoVia Venezian 2120133MilanoItaly
| | - Donatella Nava
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”Università degli Studi di MilanoVia Venezian 2120133MilanoItaly
| | - Leonardo Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di MilanoVia Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Egle Maria Beccalli
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”Università degli Studi di MilanoVia Venezian 2120133MilanoItaly
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34
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Carbon Monoxide Tolerant Pt-Based Electrocatalysts for H2-PEMFC Applications: Current Progress and Challenges. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity degradation of hydrogen-fed proton exchange membrane fuel cells (H2-PEMFCs) in the presence of even trace amounts of carbon monoxide (CO) in the H2 fuel is among the major drawbacks currently hindering their commercialization. Although significant progress has been made, the development of a practical anode electrocatalyst with both high CO tolerance and stability has still not occurred. Currently, efforts are being devoted to Pt-based electrocatalysts, including (i) alloys developed via novel synthesis methods, (ii) Pt combinations with metal oxides, (iii) core–shell structures, and (iv) surface-modified Pt/C catalysts. Additionally, the prospect of substituting the conventional carbon black support with advanced carbonaceous materials or metal oxides and carbides has been widely explored. In the present review, we provide a brief introduction to the fundamental aspects of CO tolerance, followed by a comprehensive presentation and thorough discussion of the recent strategies applied to enhance the CO tolerance and stability of anode electrocatalysts. The aim is to determine the progress made so far, highlight the most promising state-of-the-art CO-tolerant electrocatalysts, and identify the contributions of the novel strategies and the future challenges.
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35
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Hamo ER, Rosen BA. Improved Durability and Activity in Pt/Mo
2
C Fuel Cell Cathodes by Magnetron Sputtering of Tantalum. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliran R. Hamo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv-Yafo, Ramat Aviv 69978001 ISRAEL
| | - Brian A. Rosen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv-Yafo, Ramat Aviv 69978001 ISRAEL
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36
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Kiani M, Tian XQ, Zhang W. Non-precious metal electrocatalysts design for oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Recent advances, challenges and future perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yang Y, Shao X, Zhou S, Yan P, Isimjan TT, Yang X. Interfacial Electronic Coupling of NC@WO 3 -W 2 C Decorated Ru Clusters as a Reversible Catalyst toward Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Oxidation and Evolution Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2992-3000. [PMID: 34076948 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Designing a bifunctional catalyst for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is significant toward developing sustainable hydrogen-electric conversion systems. Herein, a cost-effective bifunctional catalyst, Ru/N-doped Carbon@WO3 -W2 C (Ru/NC@WOC), was developed via co-precipitation and polyol reduction. Ru/NC@WOC showed superior HOR/HER activity in alkaline solution in comparison with commercial Pt/C. HOR electrochemical tests showed that the mass activity at 0.05 V (1.96 m A μ g R u - 1 ) and exchange-current density were 7.5 and 1.2 times that of Pt/C. Additionality, Ru/NC@WOC exhibited up 30-fold HOR activity in mass activity compared with benchmark Ru/C. Moreover, it also displayed exceptional electrocatalytic HER with overpotentials of 31 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and 119 mV at 100 mA cm-2 , surpassing Pt/C, benchmark Ru/C, and most of the previously reported electrocatalysts. The outstanding catalytic activity of Ru/NC@WOC probably arises from the synergy between Ru and NC@WOC matrix, suitable hydrogen binding energy, and highly conductive substrate. Thus, this work may pave a new avenue to fabricate low-cost bifunctional HOR/HER catalysts for alkaline fuel cells and water electrolyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xue Shao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shuqing Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Puxuan Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Tayirjan Taylor Isimjan
- Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) at, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiulin Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
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Xu Z, Liang J, Wang Y, Dong K, Shi X, Liu Q, Luo Y, Li T, Jia Y, Asiri AM, Feng Z, Wang Y, Ma D, Sun X. Enhanced Electrochemical H 2O 2 Production via Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction Enabled by Surface-Derived Amorphous Oxygen-Deficient TiO 2-x. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:33182-33187. [PMID: 34251177 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is regarded as an attractive alternative to the anthraquinone process for sustainable and on-site hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. It is however hindered by low selectivity due to strong competition from the four-electron ORR and needs efficient catalysts to drive the 2e- ORR. Here, an acid oxidation strategy is proposed as an effective strategy to boost the 2e- ORR activity of metallic TiC via in-site generation of a surface amorphous oxygen-deficient TiO2-x layer. The resulting a-TiO2-x/TiC exhibits a low overpotential and high H2O2 selectivity (94.1% at 0.5 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), and it also demonstrates robust stability with a remarkable productivity of 7.19 mol gcat.-1 h-1 at 0.30 V vs RHE. The electrocatalytic mechanism of a-TiO2-x/TiC is further revealed by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoquan Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineeing, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Kai Dong
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Xifeng Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonglan Luo
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingshuai Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Jia
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineeing, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science & Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhesheng Feng
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongwei Ma
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineeing, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Xuping Sun
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
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Chae GS, Youn DH, Lee JS. Nanostructured Iron Sulfide/N, S Dual-Doped Carbon Nanotube-Graphene Composites as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2146. [PMID: 33922588 PMCID: PMC8122905 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured FeS dispersed onto N, S dual-doped carbon nanotube-graphene composite support (FeS/N,S:CNT-GR) was prepared by a simple synthetic method. Annealing an ethanol slurry of Fe precursor, thiourea, carbon nanotube, and graphene oxide at 973 K under N2 atmosphere and subsequent acid treatment produced FeS nanoparticles distributed onto the N, S-doped carbon nanotube-graphene support. The synthesized FeS/N,S:CNT-GR catalyst exhibited significantly enhanced electrochemical performance in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) compared with bare FeS, FeS/N,S:GR, and FeS/N,S:CNT with a small half-wave potential (0.827 V) in an alkaline electrolyte. The improved ORR performance, comparable to that of commercial Pt/C, could be attributed to synergy between the small FeS nanoparticles with a high activity and the N, S-doped carbon nanotube-graphene composite support providing high electrical conductivity, large surface area, and additional active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Sik Chae
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Duck Hyun Youn
- Interdisciplinary Program in Advanced Functional Materials and Devices Development, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- School of Energy & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National University of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
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Wong J, Yeung YY. Solvent and catalyst-free bromofunctionalization of olefins using a mechanochemical approach. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13564-13570. [PMID: 35423890 PMCID: PMC8697521 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01816g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromofunctionalizations of olefins are an important class of chemical transformations. N-Bromoimide reagents are commonly used in these reactions but catalysts and chlorinated solvents are often employed to achieve a reasonable reaction rate. In this report, we present a solvent and catalyst-free bromofunctionalization of olefins using mechanical force. Efficient bromofunctionalization of olefins including bromolactonization, bromocycloetherification, and intermolecular bromoesterification were achieved under solvent and catalyst-free conditions using a mechanochemical approach.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wong
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, NT Hong Kong China
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, NT Hong Kong China
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41
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Zhang H, Yang X, Zhang H, Ma J, Huang Z, Li J, Wang Y. Transition-Metal Carbides as Hydrogen Evolution Reduction Electrocatalysts: Synthetic Methods and Optimization Strategies. Chemistry 2021; 27:5074-5090. [PMID: 33188550 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
With the strengths of zero carbon emission and high gravimetric energy density, hydrogen energy is recognized as a primary choice for future energy supply. Electrochemical water splitting provides a promising strategy for effective and sustainable hydrogen production through renewable electricity, and one of the immediate challenges toward its large-scale application is the availability of low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Given the enormous efforts in the exploration of potential transition-metal carbide (TMC) electrocatalysts, this review aims to summarize the recent advances in synthetic methods and optimization strategies of TMC electrocatalysts. Additionally, the perspectives for the development of novel efficient TMC-based catalysts are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment &, System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jinling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment &, System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment &, System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment &, System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment &, System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, P. R. China
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42
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Nayak P, Xie R, Palgrave RG, Compton RG. Electro‐Oxidation of Titanium Carbide Nanoparticles in Aqueous Acid Creates TiC@TiO
2
Core‐Shell Structures. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pranati Nayak
- Department of Chemistry Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory Oxford University South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Ruo‐Chen Xie
- Department of Chemistry Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory Oxford University South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Robert G. Palgrave
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory Oxford University South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
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43
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Lu B, Liu Q, Nichols F, Mercado R, Morris D, Li N, Zhang P, Gao P, Ping Y, Chen S. Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyzed by Carbon-Supported Platinum Few-Atom Clusters: Significant Enhancement by Doping of Atomic Cobalt. RESEARCH 2021; 2020:9167829. [PMID: 33623914 PMCID: PMC7877387 DOI: 10.34133/2020/9167829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) plays an important role in dictating the performance of various electrochemical energy technologies. As platinum nanoparticles have served as the catalysts of choice towards ORR, minimizing the cost of the catalysts by diminishing the platinum nanoparticle size has become a critical route to advancing the technological development. Herein, first-principle calculations show that carbon-supported Pt9 clusters represent the threshold domain size, and the ORR activity can be significantly improved by doping of adjacent cobalt atoms. This is confirmed experimentally, where platinum and cobalt are dispersed in nitrogen-doped carbon nanowires in varied forms, single atoms, few-atom clusters, and nanoparticles, depending on the initial feeds. The sample consisting primarily of Pt2~7 clusters doped with atomic Co species exhibits the best mass activity among the series, with a current density of 4.16 A mgPt -1 at +0.85 V vs. RHE that is almost 50 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhang Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 950564, USA
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 950564, USA
| | - Forrest Nichols
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 950564, USA
| | - Rene Mercado
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 950564, USA
| | - David Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Ning Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Peng Gao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan Ping
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 950564, USA
| | - Shaowei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 950564, USA
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44
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Zhang S, Chen M, Zhao X, Cai J, Yan W, Yen JC, Chen S, Yu Y, Zhang J. Advanced Noncarbon Materials as Catalyst Supports and Non-noble Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells and Metal–Air Batteries. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-020-00085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Hamo ER, Singh RK, Douglin JC, Chen S, Hassine MB, Carbo-Argibay E, Lu S, Wang H, Ferreira PJ, Rosen BA, Dekel DR. Carbide-Supported PtRu Catalysts for Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Alkaline Electrolyte. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliran R. Hamo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978001, Israel
| | | | | | - Sian Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Mohamed Ben Hassine
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Enrique Carbo-Argibay
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Shanfu Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Haining Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Paulo J. Ferreira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
- Mechanical Engineering Department and IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brian A. Rosen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978001, Israel
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46
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Boppella R, Tan J, Yun J, Manorama SV, Moon J. Anion-mediated transition metal electrocatalysts for efficient water electrolysis: Recent advances and future perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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47
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China H, Kumar R, Kikushima K, Dohi T. Halogen-Induced Controllable Cyclizations as Diverse Heterocycle Synthetic Strategy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246007. [PMID: 33353126 PMCID: PMC7765919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In organic synthesis, due to their high electrophilicity and leaving group properties, halogens play pivotal roles in the activation and structural derivations of organic compounds. Recently, cyclizations induced by halogen groups that allow the production of diverse targets and the structural reorganization of organic molecules have attracted significant attention from synthetic chemists. Electrophilic halogen atoms activate unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbon moieties by generating halonium intermediates, followed by the attack of carbon-containing, nitrogen-containing, oxygen-containing, and sulfur-containing nucleophiles to give highly functionalized carbocycles and heterocycles. New transformations of halogenated organic molecules that can control the formation and stereoselectivity of the products, according to the difference in the size and number of halogen atoms, have recently been discovered. These unique cyclizations may possibly be used as efficient synthetic strategies with future advances. In this review, innovative reactions controlled by halogen groups are discussed as a new concept in the field of organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyasu China
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266, Tamuracho Nagahama-shi, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (T.D.)
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, NH-2, Sector-6, Mathura Road, Faridabad, Haryana 121006, India;
| | - Kotaro Kikushima
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0058, Japan;
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0058, Japan;
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (T.D.)
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48
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Theoretical Study on Improving the Catalytic Activity of a Tungsten Carbide Surface for Hydrogen Evolution by Nonmetallic Doping. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tungsten carbide (WC) has received widespread attention as a new type of nonprecious metal catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, it is still a challenge to improve the surface HER catalytic activity. In this work, the effects of different nonmetallic dopants on the catalytic activity and stabilities of WC (0001) surface for HER were studied by first principles methods. The effects of different types of non-metal (NM = B; N; O; P and S) and doping concentrations (ni = 25–100%) on HER catalytic activity and stability were investigated by calculating the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption (∆GH) and substitution energy. It was found that the catalytic performance can be improved by doping O and P non-metallic elements. Especially, the ∆GH with P doped is −0.04eV better than Pt (−0.085 eV), which is a potential ideal catalyst for HER. Furthermore, the electronic structure analysis was used to explore the origin of the regulation of doping on stability and catalytic activity. The results show that nonmetallic doping is an effective strategy to control the catalytic activity, which provides theoretical support for the future research of HER catalysts.
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49
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Ganley JM, Murray PRD, Knowles RR. Photocatalytic Generation of Aminium Radical Cations for C─N Bond Formation. ACS Catal 2020; 10:11712-11738. [PMID: 33163257 PMCID: PMC7644096 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aminium radical cations have been extensively studied as electrophilic aminating species that readily participate in C─N bond forming processes with alkenes and arenes. However, their utility in synthesis has been limited, as their generation required unstable, reactive starting materials and harsh reaction conditions. Visible-light photoredox catalysis has emerged as a platform for the mild production of aminium radical cations from either unfunctionalized or N-functionalized amines. This Perspective covers recent synthetic methods that rely on the photocatalytic generation of aminium radical cations for C─N bond formation, specifically in the context of alkene hydroamination, arene C─H bond amination, and the mesolytic bond cleavage of alkoxyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Philip R D Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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50
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Gavrilova N, Dyakonov V, Myachina M, Nazarov V, Skudin V. Synthesis of Mo 2C by Thermal Decomposition of Molybdenum Blue Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10102053. [PMID: 33081415 PMCID: PMC7602951 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of methods for the synthesis of Mo2C for catalytic application has become especially important. In this work a series of Mo2C samples was synthesized by thermal decomposition of molybdenum blue xerogels obtained using ascorbic acid. The influence of the molar ratio reducing agent/Mo [R]/[Mo] on morphology, phase composition and characteristics of the porous structure of Mo2C has been established. The developed synthesis method allows the synthesis to be carried out in an inert atmosphere and does not require a carburization step. The resulting molybdenum carbide has a mesoporous structure with a narrow pore size distribution and a predominant pore size of 4 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gavrilova
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.); (V.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Maria Myachina
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.); (V.N.)
| | - Victor Nazarov
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.); (V.N.)
| | - Valery Skudin
- Department of Chemical Technology of Carbon Materials, Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymers, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia;
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