1
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Tyagi R, Voora VK. Single-Pole Polarization Models: Rapid Evaluation of Electron Affinities of Solvated-Electron and Superatomic Molecular Anionic States. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1218-1226. [PMID: 38276789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
We propose a single-parameter effective one-particle potential, termed the single-pole exchange-correlation (1p-XC), to rapidly evaluate electron affinities (EAs) of nonvalence electronic states of molecular clusters and nanoassemblies. The model combines exact-exchange and the random phase approximation (RPA) correlation potential with a single-pole approximation to model the frequency-dependent polarization function. It captures long-range static and dynamic-frequency effects in the correlation potential, with mean absolute errors of 0.06 eV for EAs of hydrated- and ammoniated-electron clusters with EA values in the range 0.24-1.77 eV. The 1p-XC approximation enables EA estimation with a computational wall-time similar to that of hybrid functionals. The model also provides a compressed-basis, which significantly reduces the rank of higher-level parameter-free one-particle Hamiltonians and further simplifies the computation of EAs. The compressed-basis approach is used to model the hybridization of superatomic molecular states of (C60)2- and (C60)3-, thereby verifying previous model Hamiltonian studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritaj Tyagi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Vamsee K Voora
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
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2
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Paran GP, Utku C, Jagau TC. On the performance of second-order approximate coupled-cluster singles and doubles methods for non-valence anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1809-1818. [PMID: 38168799 PMCID: PMC10793870 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05923e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the capability of several variants of the second-order approximate coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CC2) method to describe dipole-bound, quadrupole-bound, and correlation-bound molecular anions. The binding energy of anions formed by electron attachment to closed-shell molecules is computed using the electron attachment variant of CC2 (EA-CC2), whereas anions with a closed-shell ground state are treated with the standard CC2 method that preserves the number of particles. We find that EA-CC2 captures the binding energies of dipole-bound radical anions quite well, whereas results for other types of non-valence anions are less reliable. We also test the performance of semi-empirical spin-scaling factors for all types of non-valence anions and observe that the spin-scaled CC2 variants generally do not provide more accurate binding energies for dipole-bound anions, while the binding energies of quadrupole-bound and correlation-bound anions are improved. As exemplary applications of EA-CC2, we investigate the dipole-bound anions of the steroids cortisol, progesterone, and testosterone. In addition, we characterize electron attachment to sym-tetracyanonaphthalene, a molecule that supports five anionic states, two of which can be interpreted as hitherto unobserved π-type quadrupole-bound states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cansu Utku
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Brzeski J, Jordan KD. Non-Valence Anions of Pyridine and the Diazines. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5310-5313. [PMID: 35920853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dipole-bound anions of pyridine, pyridazine, and pyrimidine are characterized using equation of motion coupled cluster singles and doubles calculations. These calculations predict that the anions of pyridine, pyrimidine and pyridazine are bound in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation by 0.05, 0.8, and 19.0 meV, respectively. The binding energies of pyrimidine and pyridazine are large enough that the anions will remain bound even when allowing for corrections to the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, while that of pyridine is a borderline case. We were unable to find a stable non-valence correlation-bound anion for pyrazine, which has a zero dipole moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Brzeski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15218, United States.,Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk 80-308, Poland
| | - Kenneth D Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15218, United States
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4
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Gruber E, Kollotzek S, Bergmeister S, Zappa F, Ončák M, Scheier P, Echt O. Phenanthrene: establishing lower and upper bounds to the binding energy of a very weakly bound anion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5138-5143. [PMID: 35156966 PMCID: PMC8865840 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04755h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Quite a few molecules do not form stable anions that survive the time needed for their detection; their electron affinities (EA) are either very small or negative. How does one measure the EA if the anion cannot be observed? Or, at least, can one establish lower and upper bounds to their EA? We propose two approaches that provide lower and upper bounds. We choose the phenanthrene (Ph) molecule whose EA is controversial. Through competition between helium evaporation and electron detachment in HenPh- clusters, formed in helium nanodroplets, we estimate the lower bound of the vertical detachment energy (VDE) of Ph- as about -3 meV. In the second step, Ph is complexed with calcium whose electron affinity is just 24.55 meV. When CaPh- ions are collided with a thermal gas of argon, one observes Ca- product ions but no Ph-, suggesting that the EA of Ph is below that of Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Gruber
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik Universität Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Siegfried Kollotzek
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik Universität Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Stefan Bergmeister
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik Universität Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Fabio Zappa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik Universität Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik Universität Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik Universität Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Olof Echt
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik Universität Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Department of Physics University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824, USA.
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5
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Structure and spectrum of the hydrated electron. A combined quantum chemical statistical mechanical simulation. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Wilhelm J, VandeVondele J, Rybkin VV. Dynamics of the Bulk Hydrated Electron from Many-Body Wave-Function Theory. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3890-3893. [PMID: 30776181 PMCID: PMC6594240 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the hydrated electron is a matter of debate as it evades direct experimental observation owing to the short life time and low concentrations of the species. Herein, the first molecular dynamics simulation of the bulk hydrated electron based on correlated wave‐function theory provides conclusive evidence in favor of a persistent tetrahedral cavity made up by four water molecules, and against the existence of stable non‐cavity structures. Such a cavity is formed within less than a picosecond after the addition of an excess electron to neat liquid water, with less regular cavities appearing as intermediates. The cavities are bound together by weak H−H bonds, the number of which correlates well with the number of coordinated water molecules, each type of cavity leaving a distinct spectroscopic signature. Simulations predict regions of negative spin density and a gyration radius that are both in agreement with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilhelm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Current address: BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Joost VandeVondele
- Scientific Software & Libraries unit, CSCS, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir V Rybkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Wilhelm J, VandeVondele J, Rybkin VV. Dynamics of the Bulk Hydrated Electron from Many‐Body Wave‐Function Theory. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilhelm
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
- Current address: BASF SE Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Joost VandeVondele
- Scientific Software & Libraries unit, CSCSETH Zurich Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Vladimir V. Rybkin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
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8
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Cederbaum LS. Ultrafast Intermolecular Energy Transfer from Vibrations to Electronic Motion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:223001. [PMID: 30547622 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.223001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is discussed how vibrationally excited molecules in their electronic ground state can transfer their vibrational energy to the electronic motion of neighbors and ionize them. Based on explicit examples of vibrationally excited molecules and anionic neighbors, it is demonstrated that the transfer can be extremely efficient at intermolecular distances much beyond distances at which the molecule and its neighbor can form a bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Voora VK, Kairalapova A, Sommerfeld T, Jordan KD. Theoretical approaches for treating non-valence correlation-bound anions. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:214114. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4991497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vamsee K. Voora
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Arailym Kairalapova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Thomas Sommerfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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10
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Bull JN, Verlet JRR. Observation and ultrafast dynamics of a nonvalence correlation-bound state of an anion. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1603106. [PMID: 28560345 PMCID: PMC5438219 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1603106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonvalence states of molecular anions play key roles in processes, such as electron mobility, in rare-gas liquids, radiation-induced damage to DNA, and the formation of anions in the interstellar medium. Recently, a class of nonvalence bound anion state has been predicted by theory in which correlation forces are predominantly responsible for binding the excess electron. We present a direct spectroscopic observation of this nonvalence correlation-bound state (CBS) in the para-toluquinone trimer cluster anion. Time-resolved photoelectron velocity map imaging shows that photodetachment of the CBS produces a narrow and highly anisotropic photoelectron distribution, consistent with detachment from an s-like orbital. The CBS is bound by ~50 meV and decays by vibration-mediated autodetachment with a lifetime of 700 ± 100 fs. These states are likely to be common in large and/or polarizable anions and clusters and may act as doorway states in electron attachment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Bull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
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11
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Structure and energetic characteristics of methane hydrates. From single cage to triple cage: A DFT-D study. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Zhang C, Bu Y. Efficient floating diffuse functions for accurate characterization of the surface-bound excess electrons in water cluster anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:2816-2825. [PMID: 28067363 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of diffuse function types (atom-centered diffuse functions versus floating functions and s-type versus p-type diffuse functions) on the structures and properties of three representative water cluster anions featuring a surface-bound excess electron is studied and we find that an effective combination of such two kinds of diffuse functions can not only reduce the computational cost but also, most importantly, considerably improve the accuracy of results and even avoid incorrect predictions of spectra and the EE shape. Our results indicate that (a) simple augmentation of atom-centered diffuse functions is beneficial for the vertical detachment energy convergence, but it leads to very poor descriptions for the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) distributions of the water cluster anions featuring a surface-bound excess electron and thus a significant ultraviolet spectrum redshift; (b) the ghost-atom-based floating diffuse functions can not only contribute to accurate electronic calculations of the ground state but also avoid poor and even incorrect descriptions of the SOMO and the LUMO induced by excessive augmentation of atom-centered diffuse functions; (c) the floating functions can be realized by ghost atoms and their positions could be determined through an optimization routine along the dipole moment vector direction. In addition, both the s- and p-type floating functions are necessary to supplement in the basis set which are responsible for the ground (s-type character) and excited (p-type character) states of the surface-bound excess electron, respectively. The exponents of the diffuse functions should also be determined to make the diffuse functions cover the main region of the excess electron distribution. Note that excessive augmentation of such diffuse functions is redundant and even can lead to unreasonable LUMO characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhe Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Pohl G, Mones L, Turi L. Excess electrons in methanol clusters: Beyond the one-electron picture. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:164313. [PMID: 27802653 DOI: 10.1063/1.4964845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a series of comparative quantum chemical calculations on various size negatively charged methanol clusters, CH3OHn-. The clusters are examined in their optimized geometries (n = 2-4), and in geometries taken from mixed quantum-classical molecular dynamics simulations at finite temperature (n = 2-128). These latter structures model potential electron binding sites in methanol clusters and in bulk methanol. In particular, we compute the vertical detachment energy (VDE) of an excess electron from increasing size methanol cluster anions using quantum chemical computations at various levels of theory including a one-electron pseudopotential model, several density functional theory (DFT) based methods, MP2 and coupled-cluster CCSD(T) calculations. The results suggest that at least four methanol molecules are needed to bind an excess electron on a hydrogen bonded methanol chain in a dipole bound state. Larger methanol clusters are able to form stronger interactions with an excess electron. The two simulated excess electron binding motifs in methanol clusters, interior and surface states, correlate well with distinct, experimentally found VDE tendencies with size. Interior states in a solvent cavity are stabilized significantly stronger than electron states on cluster surfaces. Although we find that all the examined quantum chemistry methods more or less overestimate the strength of the experimental excess electron stabilization, MP2, LC-BLYP, and BHandHLYP methods with diffuse basis sets provide a significantly better estimate of the VDE than traditional DFT methods (BLYP, B3LYP, X3LYP, PBE0). A comparison to the better performing many electron methods indicates that the examined one-electron pseudopotential can be reasonably used in simulations for systems of larger size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Pohl
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P. O. Box 32, Budapest 112 H-1518, Hungary
| | - Letif Mones
- Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - László Turi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P. O. Box 32, Budapest 112 H-1518, Hungary
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14
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Proton-coupled electron transfer in [pyridine·(H2O) ]−, n= 3, 4, clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Zhang C, Bu Y. Benchmark calculations of excess electrons in water cluster cavities: balancing the addition of atom-centered diffuse functions versus floating diffuse functions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:23812-21. [PMID: 27522987 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04224d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse functions have been proved to be especially crucial for the accurate characterization of excess electrons which are usually bound weakly in intermolecular zones far away from the nuclei. To examine the effects of diffuse functions on the nature of the cavity-shaped excess electrons in water cluster surroundings, both the HOMO and LUMO distributions, vertical detachment energies (VDEs) and visible absorption spectra of two selected (H2O)24(-) isomers are investigated in the present work. Two main types of diffuse functions are considered in calculations including the Pople-style atom-centered diffuse functions and the ghost-atom-based floating diffuse functions. It is found that augmentation of atom-centered diffuse functions contributes to a better description of the HOMO (corresponding to the VDE convergence), in agreement with previous studies, but also leads to unreasonable diffuse characters of the LUMO with significant red-shifts in the visible spectra, which is against the conventional point of view that the more the diffuse functions, the better the results. The issue of designing extra floating functions for excess electrons has also been systematically discussed, which indicates that the floating diffuse functions are necessary not only for reducing the computational cost but also for improving both the HOMO and LUMO accuracy. Thus, the basis sets with a combination of partial atom-centered diffuse functions and floating diffuse functions are recommended for a reliable description of the weakly bound electrons. This work presents an efficient way for characterizing the electronic properties of weakly bound electrons accurately by balancing the addition of atom-centered diffuse functions and floating diffuse functions and also by balancing the computational cost and accuracy of the calculated results, and thus is very useful in the relevant calculations of various solvated electron systems and weakly bound anionic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhe Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.
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16
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Turi L. On the applicability of one- and many-electron quantum chemistry models for hydrated electron clusters. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:154311. [PMID: 27389224 DOI: 10.1063/1.4945780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- László Turi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
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17
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Voora VK, Jordan KD. Nonvalence Correlation-Bound Anion States of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3994-3997. [PMID: 26722767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we characterize the nonvalence correlation-bound anion states of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. Unlike the analogous image potential states of graphene that localize the charge density of the excess electron above and below the plane of the sheet, we find that for PAHs, much of the charge distribution of the excess electron is localized around the periphery of the molecule. This is a consequence of the electrostatic interaction of the electron with the polar CH groups. By replacing the H atoms by F atoms or the CH groups by N atoms, the charge density of the excess electron shifts from the periphery to above and below the plane of the ring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsee K Voora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kenneth D Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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18
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Klaiman S, Cederbaum LS. Barrierless Single-Electron-Induced cis-trans Isomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10470-3. [PMID: 26178841 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction is an essential part in controlling chemical reactions. By attaching a single electron, a barrierless path for the cis-trans isomerization of maleonitrile on the anionic surface is formed. The anionic activation can be applied in both reaction directions, yielding the desired isomer. We identify the microscopic mechanism that leads to the formation of the barrierless route for the electron-induced isomerization. The generalization to other chemical reactions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachar Klaiman
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany).
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Fortenberry
- Georgia Southern University, Department of Chemistry, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States
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20
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Klaiman S, Cederbaum LS. Barrierless Single-Electron-Induced cis
-trans
Isomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Gong ZY, Duan S, Tian G, Jiang J, Xu X, Luo Y. Infrared spectra of small anionic water clusters from density functional theory and wavefunction theory calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:12698-707. [PMID: 25903989 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01378j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We performed systematic theoretical studies on small anionic water/deuterated water clusters W/D(-)(N=2-6) at both density functional theory (B3LYP) and wavefunction theory (MP2) levels. The focus of the study is to examine the convergence of calculated infrared (IR) spectra with respect to the increasing number of diffuse functions. It is found that at the MP2 level for larger clusters (n = 4-6), only one extra diffuse function is needed to obtain the converged relative IR intensities, while two or three more sets of extra diffuse functions are needed for smaller clusters. Such behaviour is strongly associated with the convergence of the electronic structure of corresponding clusters at the MP2 level. It is striking to observe that at the B3LYP level, the calculated relative IR intensities for all the clusters under investigations are diverse and show no trend of convergence upon increasing the number of diffuse functions. Moreover, the increasing contribution from the extra diffuse functions to the dynamic IR dipole moment indicates that the B3LYP electronic structure also fails to converge. These results manifest that MP2 is a preferential theoretical method, as compared to the widely used B3LYP, for the IR intensity of dipole bounded electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Yong Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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22
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Herbert JM. The Quantum Chemistry of Loosely-Bound Electrons. REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118889886.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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23
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24
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Janesko BG, Scalmani G, Frisch MJ. Quantifying solvated electrons' delocalization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:18305-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01967b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electron delocalization range EDR(r;uav) (left) captures the spin density (right) of an electron delocalized over uav = 5.77 Å on the surface of an (H2O)20− cluster.
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25
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Czapla M, Skurski P. The HAlF4 superacid fragmentation induced by an excess electron attachment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:19194-201. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02440d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The HAlF4 superacid binds an excess electron and undergoes a spontaneous fragmentation that leads to a H atom and an AlF4− superhalogen anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Czapla
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Gdańsk
- Gdańsk
- Poland
| | - Piotr Skurski
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Gdańsk
- Gdańsk
- Poland
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26
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Fortenberry RC, Morgan WJ, Enyard JD. Predictable Valence Excited States of Anions. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10763-9. [PMID: 25333194 DOI: 10.1021/jp509512u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States
| | - W. James Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States
| | - Jordan D. Enyard
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States
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27
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Gadre SR, Yeole SD, Sahu N. Quantum chemical investigations on molecular clusters. Chem Rev 2014; 114:12132-73. [PMID: 25341561 DOI: 10.1021/cr4006632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shridhar R Gadre
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208 016, India
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28
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Voora VK, Jordan KD. Nonvalence correlation-bound anion states of spherical fullerenes. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:4602-4606. [PMID: 24978808 DOI: 10.1021/nl5016574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a one-electron model Hamiltonian for characterizing nonvalence correlation-bound anion states of fullerene molecules. These states are the finite system analogs of image potential states of metallic surfaces. The model potential accounts for both atomic and charge-flow polarization and is used to characterize the nonvalence correlation-bound anion states of the C60, (C60)2, C240, and C60@C240 fullerene systems. Although C60 is found to have a single (s-type) nonvalence correlation-bound anion state, the larger fullerenes are demonstrated to have multiple nonvalence correlation-bound anion states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsee K Voora
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Materials Simulations, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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29
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Dutta AK, Gupta J, Pathak H, Vaval N, Pal S. Partitioned EOMEA-MBPT(2): An Efficient N5 Scaling Method for Calculation of Electron Affinities. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:1923-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ct4009409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Achintya Kumar Dutta
- Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Himadri Pathak
- Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Nayana Vaval
- Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Sourav Pal
- Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
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30
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Sommerfeld T, Dreux KM, Joshi R. Excess electrons bound to molecular systems with a vanishing dipole but large molecular quadrupole. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7320-9. [PMID: 24521465 DOI: 10.1021/jp411787w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Electron attachment properties of covalent molecules and ion clusters with vanishing dipole moments but large quadrupoles are studied with coupled cluster ab initio methods. Selection of the molecules studied is driven by two goals, finding a paradigm quadrupole-bound anion and investigating whether there is a correlation between the magnitude of the molecular quadrupole and the vertical attachment energy. Out of all examined species, only the ion clusters and four of the covalent molecules are found to support bound anions. The shapes and spatial extents of the associated excess electron distributions are qualitatively and quantitatively characterized, respectively. Two of the four covalent systems are especially promising as paradigm systems because of advantageous trade-offs regarding the number of isomers and conformers as well as synthetic closeness to commercial sources. No correlation was found between the vertical attachment energy and molecular quadrupole in an analysis that included the newly identified bound anions, those molecules, which were found not to support bound anions, and succinonitrile, which had been studied before. Moreover, there is clearly no such thing as a "critical quadrupole moment". There are, however, very strong electron correlation effects involved in the binding of the excess electrons, and similar to succinonitrile, for five out of six anions identified here, the molecular quadrupole of the neutral itself is too weak to bind an excess electron, and electron correlation in the form of dynamic polarization is required to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sommerfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University , SLU 10878, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, United States
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31
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Saha A, Raghavachari K. Dimers of Dimers (DOD): A New Fragment-Based Method Applied to Large Water Clusters. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 10:58-67. [DOI: 10.1021/ct400472v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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32
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Sommerfeld T. Method for Visualizing and Quantifying the Nonvalence Character of Excess Electrons. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:4866-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ct400786n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sommerfeld
- Department of Chemistry and
Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, SLU 10878, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, United States
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33
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Voora VK, Cederbaum LS, Jordan KD. Existence of a Correlation Bound s-Type Anion State of C60. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:849-853. [PMID: 26291345 DOI: 10.1021/jz400195s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It is established using high-level electronic structure calculations that C60 has an s-type correlation-bound anion state with an electron binding energy of about 120 meV. Examination of the "singly occupied" natural orbital of the anion reveals that about 9% of the charge density of the excess electron is localized inside, and about 91% is localized outside the C60 cage. Calculations were also carried out for the He@C60, Ne@C60, and H2O@C60 endohedral complexes. For each of these species, the s-type anion is predicted to be less strongly bound than for C60 itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsee K Voora
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- ‡Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kenneth D Jordan
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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34
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Voora VK, Ding J, Sommerfeld T, Jordan KD. A Self-Consistent Polarization Potential Model for Describing Excess Electrons Interacting with Water Clusters. J Phys Chem B 2012; 117:4365-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp306940k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vamsee K. Voora
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Molecular and Materials Simulations, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United
States
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Molecular and Materials Simulations, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United
States
| | - Thomas Sommerfeld
- Department of Chemistry
and
Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, United States
| | - Kenneth D. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Molecular and Materials Simulations, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United
States
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