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Synthesis and characterization of copper manganate-decorated zirconium dioxide nanoparticles and its photocatalytic application. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-023-02774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Hashem A, Shameem N, Parray JA, Abd‐Allah EF. Mycorrhizal Strategy for the Management of Hazardous Chromium Contaminants. CORE MICROBIOME 2022:298-314. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119830795.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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3
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Chocobar-Ponce S, Prado C, Tabernero R, Ilina N, Pagano E, Ramallo López JM, Mizrahi MD, Rosa M. The reduction of Cr(VI) in Salvinia minima, possible involvement of an h-type thioredoxin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:3958-3966. [PMID: 34613547 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is extremely toxic to plant cells and has been recognized to possess a high redox potential. Tolerant plant species have shown the ability to reduce Cr(VI), but the operating mechanism involved in this process is not elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of thiolic and phenolic compounds and thioredoxin expression during Cr(VI) reduction in S. minima. In addition, a probable enzymatic reduction of Cr(VI) was investigated. Plants were exposed to 20 mg L-1 Cr(VI) concentration during 7 days under controlled conditions. The amount of metal accumulated in lacinias (root-like submerged leaves) and fronds (floating leaves) indicated that a low percentage of absorbed Cr(VI) was mobilized from lacinias to fronds. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis revealed that Cr(III) was the only chromium species occurring in S. minima plants. Thiols and phenolics of lacinias and fronds were increased significantly by Cr(VI) treatment, but accumulation patterns were different. The expression of an h-type thioredoxin (Trx h) was demonstrated for the first time in Cr-exposed lacinias. Enzymatic reduction showed a low contribution to the Cr(VI) reduction. Data of this study provide evidences on the involvement of thiols, thioredoxin, and phenolics in the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in S. minima tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Chocobar-Ponce
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Carolina Prado
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Romina Tabernero
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ilina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Pagano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José M Ramallo López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín D Mizrahi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Rosa
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Effect of Lattice Substitution on Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium by Montmorillonite, Nontronite, and Beidellite. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11121407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to evaluate the effect of lattice substitution on adsorption of hexavalent chromium by three kinds of typical clay minerals, and its common isomorph via experiments and calculations were performed based on density functional theory. The experiments (25 °C, 4 h, pH = 4 and without stirring) confirmed an order of adsorption capacity as follows: Montmorillonite (12 mg/g) > Nontronite (9 mg/g) > Beidellite (8 mg/g). Accordingly, the Mulliken populations, density of states, and band structures of the mineral models with the structural Al, Mg, Fe(II), Fe(III), and Al (in tetrahedrons) on behalf of five species of isomorph were calculated. The calculation results explain the differences between hexavalent chromium adsorption capacity of five kinds of isomorph by means of atom, key populations, overlapping valence electron orbitals, and the variation of energy band. However, no overlapping orbitals were observed in the adsorption system with structural Mg. It is implied that the structural Mg has little influence of hexavalent chromium adsorption. In conclusion, our study contributes to achieving a better understanding of modified clay minerals materials applications.
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Biochar Mediated-Alleviation of Chromium Stress and Growth Improvement of Different Maize Cultivars in Tannery Polluted Soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094461. [PMID: 33922303 PMCID: PMC8122799 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soil pollution with heavy metal is a serious problem across the globe and is on the rise due to the current intensification of chemical industry. The leather industry is one of them, discharging chromium (Cr) in huge quantities during the process of leather tanning and polluting the nearby land and water resources, resulting in deterioration of plant growth. In this study, the effects of biochar application at the rate of 3% were studied on four maize cultivars, namely NK-8441, P-1543, NK-8711, and FH-985, grown in two different tannery polluted Kasur (K) and Sialkot (S) soils. Maize plants were harvested at vegetative growth and results showed that Cr toxicity adversely not only affected their growth, physiology, and biochemistry, but also accumulated in their tissues. However, the level of Cr toxicity, accumulation, and its influence on maize cultivars varied greatly in both soils. In this pot experiment, biochar application played a crucial role in lessening the Cr toxicity level, resulting in significant increase in plant height, biomass (fresh and dry), leaf area, chlorophyll pigments, photosynthesis, and relative water content (RWC) over treatment set as a control. However, applied biochar significantly decreased the electrolyte leakage (EL), antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, proline content, soluble sugars, and available fraction of Cr in soil as well as Cr (VI and III) concentration in root and shoot tissues of maize plant. In addition to this, maize cultivar differences were also found in relation to their tolerance to Cr toxicity and cultivar P-1543 performed better over other cultivars in both soils. In conclusion, biochar application in tannery polluted soils could be an efficient ecofriendly approach to reduce the Cr toxicity and to promote plant health and growth.
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Riaz M, Kamran M, Fang Y, Wang Q, Cao H, Yang G, Deng L, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Anastopoulos I, Wang X. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-induced mitigation of heavy metal phytotoxicity in metal contaminated soils: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123919. [PMID: 33254825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metal pollution is a worldwide problem and has received a serious concern for the ecosystem and human health. In the last decade, remediation of the agricultural polluted soil has attracted great attention. Phytoremediation is one of the technologies that effectively alleviate heavy metal toxicity, however, this technique is limited to many factors contributing to low plant growth rate and nature of metal toxicities. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) assisted alleviation of heavy metal phytotoxicity is a cost-effective and environment-friendly strategy. AMF have a symbiotic relationship with the host plant. The bidirectional exchange of resources is a hallmark and also a functional necessity in mycorrhizal symbiosis. During the last few years, a significant progress in both physiological and molecular mechanisms regarding roles of AMF in the alleviation of heavy metals (HMs) toxicities in plants, acquisition of nutrients, and improving plant performance under toxic conditions of HMs has been well studied. This review summarized the current knowledge regarding AMF assisted remediation of heavy metals and some of the strategies used by mycorrhizal fungi to cope with stressful environments. Moreover, this review provides the information of both molecular and physiological responses of mycorrhizal plants as well as AMF to heavy metal stress which could be helpful for exploring new insight into the mechanisms of HMs remediation by utilizing AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yizeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huayuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guoling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lulu Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Youjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Ioannis Anastopoulos
- Radioanalytical and Environmental Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, CY-1678, Cyprus
| | - Xiurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
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Abstract
Metal exposure is pervasive and not limited to sporadic poisoning events or toxic waste sites. Hundreds of millions of people around the globe are affected by chronic metal exposure, which is associated with serious health concerns, including cancer, as demonstrated in a variety of studies at the molecular, systemic, and epidemiologic levels. Metal-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity are sophisticated and complex in nature. This review provides a broad context and holistic view of currently available studies on the mechanisms of metal-induced carcinogenesis. Specifically, we focus on the five most prevalent carcinogenic metals, arsenic, nickel, cadmium, chromium, and beryllium, and their potential to drive carcinogenesis in humans. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind the development of metal-induced cancer can provide valuable insights for therapeutic intervention involving molecular targets in metal-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yi Chen
- Departments of Environmental Medicine, and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Thomas DesMarais
- Departments of Environmental Medicine, and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Max Costa
- Departments of Environmental Medicine, and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
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Zou H, Huang JC, Zhou C, He S, Zhou W. Mutual effects of selenium and chromium on their removal by Chlorella vulgaris and associated toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138219. [PMID: 32251888 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The release of selenium (Se) and chromium (Cr) into the environment from anthropogenic activities has posed a hazard to aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we used Chlorella vulgaris for Se/Cr bioremediation and evaluated their mutual effects on the removal efficiency. Our results found C. vulgaris highly effective in removing selenite-Se(IV) (49.5 ± 1.9%), selenate-Se(VI) (93.0 ± 0.5%), chromic nitrate-Cr(III) (89.0 ± 3.2%) and dichromate-Cr(VI) (88.1 ± 1.3%) over a 72 h period. Cr(VI) significantly impeded Se removal, particularly for selenate, due to competition between both for algal uptake, whereas Cr(III) obviously enhanced Se removal, increasing Se volatilization by ~29%. Similarly, Se significantly increase Cr removal rates, with a maximum of 94.6 ± 0.2% for the algal co-exposed to Se(IV) and Cr(III). To reduce residual pollutants in the alga, we applied combustion as a post-treatment to burn off >99% of the biomass Se for all Se treatments, whereas most of the biomass Cr (54.7-81.6%) remained in the ash at significantly higher levels (~7430 μg Cr/g DW). For toxicity, our speciation analysis found organo-Se (SeCys and SeMet) dominant in the alga exposed to Se, particularly selenite. No Cr(VI) but Cr(III) forms were detected in all Cr-exposed alga. Elemental Se disappeared from all Se-exposed alga in the presence of Cr(VI), while Se resulted in the emergence of Cr-acetate in all Cr(III)-treated alga. After combustion, mineral Se, particularly elemental Se dominated most of the ash; likewise, elemental Cr, along with Cr2O3, was found in all the ash. Overall, our research would contribute to developing a low ecotoxic algal treatment system for Se/Cr contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jung-Chen Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Chuanqi Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Weili Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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Ramírez V, Munive JA, Cortes L, Muñoz-Rojas J, Portillo R, Baez A. Long-Chain Hydrocarbons (C21, C24, and C31) Released by Bacillus sp. MH778713 Break Dormancy of Mesquite Seeds Subjected to Chromium Stress. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:741. [PMID: 32425908 PMCID: PMC7212387 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by rhizobacteria have been proven to stimulate plant growth during germination and seedling stages. However, the modulating effect of bacterial volatiles on the germination of seeds subjected to heavy metal stress is scarcely studied. In this work, the ability of volatiles released by Bacillus sp. MH778713 to induce seed dormancy breakage in Prosopis laevigata and Arabidopsis thaliana seeds were examined. The minimal inhibitory concentration of chromium (Cr) VI that prevents seed germination of P. laevigata and A. thaliana on water-Cr-agar plates was 2500 and 100 mg L–1, respectively. Remarkably, partitioned Petri-dish co-cultivation of Bacillus sp. MH778713 and plant seeds under Cr-stress showed the beneficial effect of volatiles emitted by Bacillus sp. MH778713, helping plant seeds to overcome Cr-stress. Among the metabolites emitted by Bacillus sp. MH778713, octadecane, heneicosane, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, hexadecane, eicosane, octacosane, and tetratriacontane were the most abundant. To confirm that these long-chain compounds produced by Bacillus sp. MH778713 could be responsible for the seed dormancy breakage, high pure organic compounds (2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, heneicosane, hentriacontane, and tetracosane) were used directly in germination assays of P. laevigata and A. thaliana seeds instead of volatiles emitted by Bacillus sp. MH778713. All organic compounds allowed Prosopis and Arabidopsis seeds to overcome Cr-toxicity and germinate. The results of this study provide new insight into the role of long-chain bacterial compounds produced by Bacillus sp. MH778713 as triggers of seed abiotic stress tolerance, surmounting chromium stress and stimulating seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - José-Antonio Munive
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Luis Cortes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Rojas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Roberto Portillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Antonino Baez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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Amari T, Souid A, Ghabriche R, Porrini M, Lutts S, Sacchi GA, Abdelly C, Ghnaya T. Why Does the Halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Better Tolerate Ni Toxicity than Brassica juncea: Implication of Antioxidant Defense Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E312. [PMID: 32131526 PMCID: PMC7154810 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The implication of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative systems in response to Ni was evaluated in the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum in comparison with the metal tolerant glycophyte species Brassica juncea. Seedlings of both species were hydroponically subjected during 21 days to 0, 25, 50, and 100 µM NiCl2. Growth parameters showed that the halophyte M. crystallinum was more tolerant to Ni than B. juncea. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased to a higher extent in B. juncea than in M. crystallinum. Antioxidant enzymesactivities were differently affected by Ni in both species. Nickel increased shoot superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in B. juncea, whereas these activities were reduced in M. crystallinum when exposed to metal stress. The root SOD, APX and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities increased upon Ni treatments for both species. The content of non-enzymatic antioxidative molecules such as glutathione, non-protein thiols and proline increased in Ni-treated plants, except for GSH content in the shoot of B. juncea. Based on the oxidative balance, our findings confirm the higher tolerance of the halophyte M. crystallinum to Ni-induced oxidative stress comparatively to B. juncea. We suggest that M. crystallinum is able to overcome the produced ROS using the non-enzymatic system, while Ni-induced oxidative stress was more acute in B. juncea, leading this species to mainly use the enzymatic system to protect against reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoufik Amari
- Laboratoire des PlantesExtrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, Hammam-lif 2050, Tunisia; (T.A.); (A.S.); (R.G.); (C.A.)
| | - Aymen Souid
- Laboratoire des PlantesExtrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, Hammam-lif 2050, Tunisia; (T.A.); (A.S.); (R.G.); (C.A.)
| | - Rim Ghabriche
- Laboratoire des PlantesExtrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, Hammam-lif 2050, Tunisia; (T.A.); (A.S.); (R.G.); (C.A.)
| | - Mauro Porrini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, UniversitàdegliStudi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.P.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche enPhysiologieVégétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Gian Attilio Sacchi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, UniversitàdegliStudi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.P.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratoire des PlantesExtrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, Hammam-lif 2050, Tunisia; (T.A.); (A.S.); (R.G.); (C.A.)
| | - Tahar Ghnaya
- Laboratoire des PlantesExtrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, Hammam-lif 2050, Tunisia; (T.A.); (A.S.); (R.G.); (C.A.)
- Higher Institute of Arts and Crafts of Tataouine, University of Gabes Erriadh City, Zrig-Gabes 6072, Tunisia
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Kumar A, Gahoi P, Verma N. Simultaneous scavenging of Cr(VI) from soil and facilitation of nutrient uptake in plant using a mixture of carbon microfibers and nanofibers. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124760. [PMID: 31518923 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and yield are adversely affected by the uptake of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from soil. The present study describes a facile technique to minimize the uptake of Cr(VI) by chickpea (Cicer arietinum) plant from soil using microporous activated carbon microfiber (ACF). Simultaneously, nano-sized carbon nanofibers (CNFs), grown over the ACF substrate, are used as an efficient carrier of the Cu micronutrient from soil to root, shoot and leaf of the plants. Adsorption, seed germination and plant growth experiments are performed in Cr-stressed medium. The ACF, used as the adsorbent for Cr(VI) in metal-stressed soil (100 mg Cr kg-1 of soil) shows the metal loading of ∼23 mg g-1. Cr(VI) up to 50 mg L-1 concentration causes no stress during germination of chickpea seeds in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. A dose of 500 mg-mixture (treatment) per kg-soil increases root and shoot lengths by 52 and 11%, respectively than the control, during plant growth in the metal-stressed soil, attributed to an effective translocation of Cu-CNF through plant cells. Whereas Cr uptake by plant decrease to ∼46%, Cu uptake increase up to ∼120% in comparison to control by the mixture treatment. Protein and chlorophyll contents also significantly increased (*p < 0.05) with the application of treatment. The data clearly show that the mixture of ACF and Cu-CNF can be successfully used for the simultaneous scavenging of Cr(VI) from soil by adsorption over ACF and increased uptake of Cu by plants using the CNFs as the micronutrient carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Parul Gahoi
- Centre for Environment Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Nishith Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India; Centre for Environment Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India.
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Sharma S, Singh AK, Tiwari MK, Uttam KN. Prompt Screening of the Alterations in Biochemical and Mineral Profile of Wheat Plants Treated with Chromium Using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Fluorescence Excited by Synchrotron Radiation. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1656729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - A. K. Singh
- Synchrotron Utilization Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, India
| | - M. K. Tiwari
- Synchrotron Utilization Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, India
| | - K. N. Uttam
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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13
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Ramírez V, Baez A, López P, Bustillos R, Villalobos MÁ, Carreño R, Contreras JL, Muñoz-Rojas J, Fuentes LE, Martínez J, Munive JA. Chromium Hyper-Tolerant Bacillus sp. MH778713 Assists Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals by Mesquite Trees ( Prosopis laevigata). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1833. [PMID: 31456770 PMCID: PMC6700308 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal accumulation in mesquite trees (Prosopis laevigata) growing in aluminum, titanium, chromium and zirconium-polluted soils of a semi-arid region in Mexico was investigated using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results showed that P. laevigata trees can hyper accumulate up to 4100 mg/kg of Al, 14000 mg/kg of Fe, 1600 mg/kg of Ti, 2500 mg/kg of Zn, but not chromium, regarding high chromium concentrations found in soils (435 mg/kg). Since plant-associated microorganism can modulate phytoremediation efficiency, the biodiversity of P. laevigata associated bacteria was studied. Eighty-eight isolates from P. laevigata nodules were obtained; all isolates tolerated high concentrations of Al, Fe, Zn and Cr in vitro. The top-six chromium tolerant strains were identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis as belonging to genus Bacillus. Bacillus sp. MH778713, close to Bacillus cereus group, showed to be the most resistant strain, tolerating up to 15000 mg/L Cr (VI) and 10000 mg/L of Al. Regarding the bioaccumulation traits, Bacillus sp. MH778713 accumulated up to 100 mg Cr(VI)/g of cells when it was exposed to 1474 mg/L of Cr VI. To assess Bacillus sp. MH778713 ability to assist Prosopis laevigata phytoremediation; twenty plants were inoculated or non-inoculated with Bacillus sp. MH778713 and grown in nitrogen-free Jensen's medium added with 0, 10 and 25 mg/L of Cr(VI). Only plants inoculated with Bacillus sp. grew in the presence of chromium showing the ability of this strain to assist chromium phytoremediation. P. laevigata and Bacillus spp. may be considered as good candidates for soil restoration of arid and semiarid sites contaminated with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Antonino Baez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Primavera López
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Rocío Bustillos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Villalobos
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Carreño
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - José Luis Contreras
- Facultad de Arquitectura, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Rojas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Luis Ernesto Fuentes
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Javier Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Munive
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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Abstract
Chromium is a pervasive environmental contaminant that is of great importance because of its toxicity. Hexavalent chromium is a classified group 1 carcinogen with multiple complex mechanisms by which it triggers cancer development. Increased levels of oxidative stress, chromosome breaks, and DNA-adduct formation are some of the major mechanisms by which C(VI) causes cellular damage. Trivalent chromium is another species of chromium that is described as a non-essential metal, and is used in nutritional supplementation. Evidence on nutritional benefit is conflicting which could suggest that humans absorb enough Cr(III) from diet alone, and that extra supplementation is not necessary. This review highlights the differences between Cr(VI) and Cr(III) from a chemical and toxicological perspective, describes short-comings in nutritional research of Cr(III), and explains the multiple mechanisms by which Cr(VI) is involved in the process of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L DesMarais
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010
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15
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Mleczek M, Gąsecka M, Waliszewska B, Magdziak Z, Szostek M, Rutkowski P, Kaniuczak J, Zborowska M, Budzyńska S, Mleczek P, Niedzielski P. Salix viminalis L. - A highly effective plant in phytoextraction of elements. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:67-78. [PMID: 30142567 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare specimens of Salix viminalis L. able to grow in polluted mining sludge (A1) with specimens of the same willow clone growing in two unpolluted areas (A2 and A3). Plants from the polluted area were characterized by the highest accumulation of the majority of elements in their organs with a clear limitation of their uptake to roots and effective translocation to aboveground organs. Willows from the unpolluted areas were characterized by significantly higher biomass than the treated plants, as shown in the content of cellulose/holocellulose. The different chemical characteristics of the substrates influenced tree physiology, including the organic acids and phenolic compounds profile and/or content. The total content of organic acids in lateral roots was higher for S. viminalis L. grown in unpolluted areas, while for leaves the opposite situation was observed. However, their creation was significantly correlated with the content of the majority of elements in the organs of S. viminalis L. Enhanced synthesis of phenolic compounds in roots (besides quercetin) and in leaves (besides myricetin and quercetin) was confirmed in the polluted area, and correlated with metal content in plant organs. Resilient plants characterized not only by their survivability but also by their effective phytoextraction of toxic metals, have great potential for widespread practical application on highly polluted mining sludge and for reducing the associated threat to human health. The obtained results suggest that further investigation of these plants is necessary to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for their high survivability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Mleczek
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Monika Gąsecka
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bogusława Waliszewska
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Institute of Chemical Wood Technology, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Magdziak
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szostek
- University of Rzeszów, Department of Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, Zelwerowicza 8b, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Paweł Rutkowski
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Forest Sites and Ecology, Wojska Polskiego 71F, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Janina Kaniuczak
- University of Rzeszów, Department of Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, Zelwerowicza 8b, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zborowska
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Institute of Chemical Wood Technology, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sylwia Budzyńska
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Patrycja Mleczek
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Piątkowska 94C, 60-649, Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Niedzielski
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Chemistry, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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Huang W, Jiao J, Ru M, Bai Z, Yuan H, Bao Z, Liang Z. Localization and Speciation of Chromium in Coptis chinensis Franch. using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Technology and Laser Ablation ICP-MS. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8603. [PMID: 29872075 PMCID: PMC5988735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Coptis chinensis Franch. is one of the most important medicinal plants globally. However, this species contains relatively high concentrations of chromium (Cr) which potentially detrimental to human health. It is important to understand Cr localization and speciation in order to evaluate its accumulation and transportation mechanisms and minimize Cr transfer to humans. As little previous work in this area has been carried out, we utilized synchrotron radiation microscopic X-ray fluorescence (SR-μXRF) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to spatially locate Cr, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) to analyze Cr speciation, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to detect Cr subcellular concentration. Micromapping results showed that Cr was distributed predominantly within the vascular cylinder, the periderm and some outer cortex, and the cortex and some vascular bundles in root, rhizome, and petiole, respectively. XANES data showed that Cr(VI) can be reduced to Cr(III) when grown with Cr(VI), and yielded a novel conclusion that this plant contain elemental chromium. ICP-MS data showed that Cr was primarily compartmentalized in cell walls in all tissues. The new insights on Cr accumulation in C. chinensis Franch. provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of Cr in other medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Huang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mei Ru
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenqing Bai
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Honglin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhian Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
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17
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Kopittke PM, Wang P, Lombi E, Donner E. Synchrotron-based X-Ray Approaches for Examining Toxic Trace Metal(loid)s in Soil-Plant Systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2017; 46:1175-1189. [PMID: 29293828 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.09.0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of trace metal(loid)s reduce plant growth, both in soils contaminated by industrial activities and in acid agricultural soils. Although the adverse effects of trace metal(loid)s have long been recognized, there remains much unknown both about their behavior in soils, their toxicity to plants, and the mechanisms that plants use to tolerate elevated concentrations. Synchrotron-based approaches are being utilized increasingly in soil-plant systems to examine toxic metal(loid)s. In the present review, brief consideration is given to the theory of synchrotron radiation. Thereafter, we review the use of synchrotron-based approaches for the examination of various trace metal(loid)s in soil-plant systems, including aluminum, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, and cadmium. Within the context of this review, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray fluorescence microscopy (μ-XRF) are of particular interest. These techniques can provide in situ analyses of the distribution and speciation of metal(loid)s in soil-plant systems. The information presented here serves not only to understand the behavior of trace metals in soil-plant systems, but also to provide examples of the potential applications of synchrotron radiation that can be used to advantage in other studies.
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18
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Wu S, Zhang X, Sun Y, Wu Z, Li T, Hu Y, Lv J, Li G, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zheng L, Zhen X, Chen B. Chromium immobilization by extra- and intraradical fungal structures of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 316:34-42. [PMID: 27209517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can enhance plant Cr tolerance through immobilizing Cr in mycorrhizal roots. However, the detailed processes and mechanisms are unclear. The present study focused on cellular distribution and speciation of Cr in both extraradical mycelium (ERM) and mycorrhizal roots exposed to Cr(VI) by using field emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (FE-SEM-EDS), scanning transmission soft X-ray microscopy (STXM) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy techniques. We found that amounts of particles (possibly extracellular polymeric substances, EPS) were produced on the AM fungal surface upon Cr(VI) stress, which contributed greatly to Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization. With EDS of the surface of AM fungi exposed to various Cr(VI) levels, a positive correlation between Cr and P was revealed, suggesting that phosphate groups might act as counter ions of Cr(III), which was also confirmed by the XAFS analysis. Besides, STXM and XAFS analyses showed that Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) in AM fungal structures (arbuscules, intraradical mycelium, etc.) and cell walls in mycorrhizal roots, and complexed possibly with carboxyl groups or histidine analogues. The present work provided evidence of Cr immobilization on fungal surface and in fungal structures in mycorrhizal roots at a cellular level, and thus unraveled the underlying mechanisms by which AM symbiosis immobilize Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China; Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycká 129, Prague 6-Suchdol 165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Jitao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhensong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Zhen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Hexavalent Chromium (Cr(VI)) Down-Regulates Acetylation of Histone H4 at Lysine 16 through Induction of Stressor Protein Nupr1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157317. [PMID: 27285315 PMCID: PMC4902237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental and occupational carcinogen Hexavalent Chromium (Cr(VI)) has been shown to cause lung cancer in humans when inhaled. In spite of a considerable research effort, the mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis remain largely unknown. Nupr1 (nuclear protein 1) is a small, highly basic, and unfolded protein with molecular weight of 8,800 daltons and is induced by a variety of stressors. Studies in animal models have suggested that Nupr1 is a key factor in the development of lung and pancreatic cancers, with little known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we report that the level of Nupr1 is significantly increased in human bronchial epithelial BEAS2B cells following exposure to Cr(VI) through epigenetic mechanisms. Interestingly, Cr(VI) exposure also results in the loss of acetylation at histone H4K16, which is considered a ‘hallmark’ of human cancer. Cr(VI)-induced reduction of H4K16 acetylation appears to be caused by the induction of Nupr1, since (a) overexpression of Nupr1 decreased the levels of both H4K16 acetylation and the histone acetyltransferase MOF (male absent on the first; also known as Kat8, Myst 1), which specifically acetylates H4K16; (b) the loss of acetylation of H4K16 upon Cr(VI) exposure is greatly compromised by knockdown of Nupr1. Moreover, Nupr1-induced reduction of H4K16 acetylation correlates with the transcriptional down-regulation at several genomic loci. Notably, overexpression of Nupr1 induces anchorage-independent cell growth and knockdown of Nupr1 expression prevents Cr(VI)-induced cell transformation. We propose that Cr(VI) induces Nupr1 and rapidly perturbs gene expression by downregulating H4K16 acetylation, thereby contributing to Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis.
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20
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Nie J, Liu Y, Zeng G, Zheng B, Tan X, Liu H, Xie J, Gan C, Liu W. Cadmium accumulation and tolerance of Macleaya cordata: a newly potential plant for sustainable phytoremediation in Cd-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10189-99. [PMID: 26875820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a major concern of the public due to their threats to the safety of food chains. A 60-day pot experiment was conducted using Macleaya cordata as plant material to investigate the phytoremediation potential and anti-oxidative responses of M. cordata under different Cd stress. Significant growth inhibition phenomenon and toxic symptoms were not detected in the experiment. The high biomass of the plant provided high accumulation capacity for Cd with an average dry weight of 3.6 g. The maximum extraction amount of Cd was 393 μg·plant(-1), suggesting that this species had potential for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil. A slight increase of chlorophyll (CHL) content was observed in Cd10 treatment. The plant was confirmed to have relatively high tolerance to the Cd stress on the basis of tolerance indexes (TI), relative water content, and CHLa/CHLb ratio. M. cordata could maintain high level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity under Cd stress, indicating strong tolerance capacity for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells. Catalase (CAT) activity show a certain range of decline in the experiment compare to the control. And peroxidase (POD) activity in leaves changed irregularly when compared to the control. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased as Cd concentration elevated compared to the control. In addition, as an inedible crop with relatively high economic value, M. cordata have shown the advantage of high biomass and high tolerance under Cd stress, which can provide a new plant resource for sustainable phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Nie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunguo Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohong Zheng
- School of Architecture and Art Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieli Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
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21
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de Oliveira LM, Gress J, De J, Rathinasabapathi B, Marchi G, Chen Y, Ma LQ. Sulfate and chromate increased each other's uptake and translocation in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 147:36-43. [PMID: 26761595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of chromate (CrVI) and sulfate on their uptake and translocation in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. Plants were exposed to 1) 0.1 mM CrVI and 0, 0.25, 1.25 or 2.5 mM sulfate or 2) 0.25 mM sulfate and 0, 0.5, 2.5 or 5.0 mM CrVI for 1 d in hydroponics. P. vittata accumulated 26 and 1261 mg kg(-1) Cr in the fronds and roots at CrVI0.1, and 2197 and 1589 mg kg(-1) S in the fronds and roots at S0.25. Increasing sulfate concentrations increased Cr root concentrations by 16-66% and helped CrVI reduction to CrIII whereas increasing CrVI concentrations increased frond sulfate concentrations by 3-27%. Increasing sulfate concentrations enhanced TBARS concentrations in the biomass, indicating oxidative stress caused lipid peroxidation in plant cell membranes. However, addition of 0.25-2.5 mM sulfate alleviated CrVI's toxic effects and decreased TBARS from 23.5 to 9.46-12.3 μmol g(-1) FW. Though CrVI was supplied, 78-96% of CrIII was in the biomass, indicating efficient CrVI reduction to CrIII by P. vittata. The data indicated the amazing ability of P. vittata in Cr uptake at 289 mg kg(-1) h(-1) with little translocation to the fronds. These results indicated that P. vittata had potential in Cr phytoremediation in contaminated sites but further studies are needed to evaluate this potential. The facts that CrVI and sulfate helped each other in uptake by P. vittata suggest that CrVI was not competing with sulfate uptake in P. vittata. However, the mechanisms of how sulfate and CrVI enhance each other's accumulation in P. vittata need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letúzia M de Oliveira
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Julia Gress
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jaysankar De
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Bala Rathinasabapathi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Giuliano Marchi
- Researcher at Embrapa Cerrados, Rod. BR 020, km 18, CP 08223, CEP 73310-970 Planaltina, DF, Brazil
| | - Yanshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Maine MA, Hadad HR, Sánchez G, Caffaratti S, Pedro MC. Kinetics of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) removal from water by two floating macrophytes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:261-268. [PMID: 26366503 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1085829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to compare Cr(III) and Cr(VI) removal kinetics from water by Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia herzogii. The accumulation in plant tissues and the effects of both Cr forms on plant growth were also evaluated. Plants were exposed to 2 and 6 mg L(-1) of Cr(III) or Cr(VI) during 30 days. At the end of the experiment, Cr(VI) removal percentages were significantly lower than those obtained for Cr(III) for both macrophytes. Cr(III) removal kinetics involved a fast and a slow component. The fast component was primarily responsible for Cr(III) removal while Cr(VI) removal kinetics involved only a slow process. Cr accumulated principally in the roots. In the Cr(VI) treatments a higher translocation from roots to aerial parts than in Cr(III) treatments was observed. Both macrophytes demonstrated a high ability to remove Cr(III) but not Cr(VI). Cr(III) inhibited the growth at the highest studied concentration of both macrophytes while Cr(VI) caused senescence. These results have important implications in the use of constructed wetlands for secondary industrial wastewater treatment. Common primary treatments of effluents containing Cr(VI) consists in its reduction to Cr(III). Cr(III) concentrations in these effluents are normally below the highest studied concentrations in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Maine
- a Química Analítica, Facultad de Ingeniería Química , Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Santiago del Estero , Santa Fe , Argentina
- b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Argentina
| | - H R Hadad
- a Química Analítica, Facultad de Ingeniería Química , Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Santiago del Estero , Santa Fe , Argentina
- b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Argentina
| | - G Sánchez
- a Química Analítica, Facultad de Ingeniería Química , Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Santiago del Estero , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - S Caffaratti
- a Química Analítica, Facultad de Ingeniería Química , Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Santiago del Estero , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - M C Pedro
- a Química Analítica, Facultad de Ingeniería Química , Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Santiago del Estero , Santa Fe , Argentina
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Wu S, Zhang X, Sun Y, Wu Z, Li T, Hu Y, Su D, Lv J, Li G, Zhang Z, Zheng L, Zhang J, Chen B. Transformation and Immobilization of Chromium by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Revealed by SEM-EDS, TEM-EDS, and XAFS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:14036-14047. [PMID: 26551890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), ubiquitous soil fungi that form symbiotic relationships with the majority of terrestrial plants, are known to play an important role in plant tolerance to chromium (Cr) contamination. However, the underlying mechanisms, especially the direct influences of AMF on the translocation and transformation of Cr in the soil-plant continuum, are still unresolved. In a two-compartment root-organ cultivation system, the extraradical mycelium (ERM) of mycorrhizal roots was treated with 0.05 mmol L(-1) Cr(VI) for 12 days to investigate the uptake, translocation, and transformation of Cr(VI) by AMF using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (TEM-EDS), and X-ray-absorption fine structure (XAFS) technologies. The results indicated that AMF can immobilize quantities of Cr via reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), forming Cr(III)-phosphate analogues, likely on the fungal surface. Besides this, we also confirmed that the extraradical mycelium (ERM) can actively take up Cr [either in the form of Cr(VI) or Cr(III)] and transport Cr [potentially in the form of Cr(III)-histidine analogues] to mycorrhizal roots but immobilize most of the Cr(III) in the fungal structures. Based on an X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy analysis of Cr(VI)-treated roots, we proposed that the intraradical fungal structures can also immobilize Cr within mycorrhizal roots. Our findings confirmed the immobilization of Cr by AMF, which plays an essential role in the Cr(VI) tolerance of AM symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yuqing Sun
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxiang Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yajun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Su
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Wali M, Fourati E, Hmaeid N, Ghabriche R, Poschenrieder C, Abdelly C, Ghnaya T. NaCl alleviates Cd toxicity by changing its chemical forms of accumulation in the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:10769-77. [PMID: 25758421 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
It has previously been shown that certain halophytes can grow and produce biomass despite of the contamination of their saline biotopes with toxic metals. This suggests that these plants are able to cope with both salinity and heavy metal constraints. NaCl is well tolerated by halophytes and apparently can modulate their responses to Cd. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores the impact of NaCl on growth, Cd accumulation, and Cd speciation in tissues of the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum. Seedlings of S. portulacastrum were exposed during 1 month to 0, 25, and 50 μM Cd combined with low salinity (LS, 0.09 mM NaCl) or high salinity (HS, 200 mM NaCl) levels. Growth parameters and total tissue Cd concentrations were determined, in leaves, stems, and root. Moreover, Cd speciation in these organs was assessed by specific extraction procedures. Results showed that, at LS, Cd induced chlorosis and necrosis and drastically reduced plant growth. However, addition of 200 mM NaCl to Cd containing medium alleviated significantly Cd toxicity symptoms and restored plant growth. NaCl reduced the concentration of Cd in the shoots; nevertheless, due to maintenance of higher biomass under HS, the quantity of accumulated Cd was not modified. NaCl modified the chemical form of Cd in the tissues by increasing the proportion of Cd bound to pectates, proteins, and chloride suggesting that this change in speciation is involved in the positive impact of NaCl on Cd tolerance. We concluded that the tolerance of S. portulacastrum to Cd was enhanced by NaCl. This effect is rather governed by the modification of the speciation of the accumulated Cd than by the reduction of Cd absorption and translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Wali
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extremophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologies de la Technopole de Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam Lif, 2050, Tunisia
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Mnasri M, Ghabriche R, Fourati E, Zaier H, Sabally K, Barrington S, Lutts S, Abdelly C, Ghnaya T. Cd and Ni transport and accumulation in the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum: implication of organic acids in these processes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:156. [PMID: 25821455 PMCID: PMC4358066 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The implication of organic acids in Cd and Ni translocation was studied in the halophyte species Sesuvium portulacastrum. Citric, fumaric, malic, and ascorbic acids were separated and quantified by HPLC technique in shoots, roots and xylem saps of plants grown on nutrient solutions added with 50 μM Cd, 100 μM Ni and the combination of 50 μM Cd + 100 μM Ni. Results showed that Cd had no significant impact on biomass production while Ni and the combination of both metals drastically affected plant development. Cadmium and Ni concentrations in tissues and xylem sap were higher in plants subjected to individual metal application than those subjected to the combined effect of Cd and Ni suggesting a possible competition between these metals for absorption. Both metals applied separately or in combination induced an increase in citrate concentration in shoots and xylem sap but a decrease of this concentration in the roots. However, a minor relationship was observed between metal application and fumaric, malic, and ascorbic acids. Both observations suggest the implication of citric acid in Cd, Ni translocation and shoot accumulation in S. portulacastrum. The relatively high accumulation of citric acid in xylem sap and shoot of S. portulacastrum could be involved in metal chelation and thus contributes to heavy metal tolerance in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mejda Mnasri
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-CédriaHammam-lif, Tunisia
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University (Macdonald Campus)Sainte Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Rim Ghabriche
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-CédriaHammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Emna Fourati
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-CédriaHammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Zaier
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-CédriaHammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Kebba Sabally
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University (Macdonald Campus)Sainte Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Suzelle Barrington
- Engineering Department of Bioresource, McGill University (Macdonald Campus)Sainte Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy, Université catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve,Belgium
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-CédriaHammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Tahar Ghnaya
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-CédriaHammam-lif, Tunisia
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de Oliveira LM, Lessl JT, Gress J, Tisarum R, Guilherme LRG, Ma LQ. Chromate and phosphate inhibited each other's uptake and translocation in arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 197:240-246. [PMID: 25434865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of chromate (CrVI) and phosphate (P) on their uptake and translocation in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata (PV). Plants were exposed to 1) 0.10 mM CrVI and 0, 0.25, 1.25, or 2.50 mM P or 2) 0.25 mM P and 0, 0.50, 2.5 or 5.0 mM CrVI for 24 h in hydroponics. PV accumulated 2919 mg/kg Cr in the roots at CrVI₀.₁₀, and 5100 and 3500 mg/kg P in the fronds and roots at P₀.₂₅. When co-present, CrVI and P inhibited each other's uptake in PV. Increasing P concentrations reduced Cr root concentrations by 62-82% whereas increasing CrVI concentrations reduced frond P concentrations by 52-59% but increased root P concentrations by 11-15%. Chromate reduced P transport, with more P being accumulated in PV roots. Though CrVI was supplied, 64-78% and 92-93% CrIII were in PV fronds and roots. Based on X-ray diffraction, Cr₂O₃ was detected in the roots confirming CrVI reduction to CrIII by PV. In short, CrVI and P inhibited each other in uptake and translocation by PV, and CrVI reduction to CrIII in PV roots served as its detoxification mechanism. The finding helps to understand the interactions of P and Cr during their uptake in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letúzia M de Oliveira
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jason T Lessl
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Julia Gress
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Rujira Tisarum
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Luiz R G Guilherme
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China.
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Ghnaya T, Mnassri M, Ghabriche R, Wali M, Poschenrieder C, Lutts S, Abdelly C. Nodulation by Sinorhizobium meliloti originated from a mining soil alleviates Cd toxicity and increases Cd-phytoextraction in Medicago sativa L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:863. [PMID: 26528320 PMCID: PMC4604267 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Besides their role in nitrogen supply to the host plants as a result of symbiotic N fixation, the association between legumes and Rhizobium could be useful for the rehabilitation of metal-contaminated soils by phytoextraction. A major limitation presents the metal-sensitivity of the bacterial strains. The aim of this work was to explore the usefulness of Sinorhizobium meliloti originated from a mining site for Cd phytoextraction by Medicago sativa. Inoculated and non-inoculated plants were cultivated for 60 d on soils containing 50 and/or 100 mg Cd kg(-1) soil. The inoculation hindered the occurrence of Cd- induced toxicity symptoms that appeared in the shoots of non-inoculated plants. This positive effect of S. meliloti colonization was accompanied by an increase in biomass production and improved nutrient acquisition comparatively to non-inoculated plants. Nodulation enhanced Cd absorption by the roots and Cd translocation to the shoots. The increase of plant biomass concomitantly with the increase of Cd shoot concentration in inoculated plants led to higher potential of Cd-phytoextraction in these plants. In the presence of 50 mg Cd kg(-1) in the soil, the amounts of Cd extracted in the shoots were 58 and 178 μg plant(-1) in non-inoculated and inoculated plants, respectively. This study demonstrates that this association M. sativa-S. meliloti may be an efficient biological system to extract Cd from contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahar Ghnaya
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extremophiles, Centre de Biotechnologies de la Technopole de Borj CedriaHammam Lif, Tunisia
- *Correspondence: Tahar Ghnaya
| | - Majda Mnassri
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extremophiles, Centre de Biotechnologies de la Technopole de Borj CedriaHammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Rim Ghabriche
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extremophiles, Centre de Biotechnologies de la Technopole de Borj CedriaHammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Wali
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extremophiles, Centre de Biotechnologies de la Technopole de Borj CedriaHammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Charlotte Poschenrieder
- Departamento de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy, Université Catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extremophiles, Centre de Biotechnologies de la Technopole de Borj CedriaHammam Lif, Tunisia
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Amari T, Ghnaya T, Debez A, Taamali M, Ben Youssef N, Lucchini G, Sacchi GA, Abdelly C. Comparative Ni tolerance and accumulation potentials between Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (halophyte) and Brassica juncea: Metal accumulation, nutrient status and photosynthetic activity. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1634-44. [PMID: 25171515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Saline soils often constitute sites of accumulation of industrial and urban wastes contaminated by heavy metals. Halophytes, i.e. native salt-tolerant species, could be more suitable for heavy metal phytoextraction from saline areas than glycophytes, most frequently used so far. In the framework of this approach, we assess here the Ni phytoextraction potential in the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum compared with the model species Brassica juncea. Plants were hydroponically maintained for 21 days at 0, 25, 50, and 100μM NiCl2. Nickel addition significantly restricted the growth activity of both species, and to a higher extent in M. crystallinum, which did not, however, show Ni-related toxicity symptoms on leaves. Interestingly, photosynthesis activity, chlorophyll content and photosystem II integrity assessed by chlorophyll fluorescence were less impacted in Ni-treated M. crystallinum as compared to B. juncea. The plant mineral nutrition was differently affected by NiCl2 exposure depending on the element, the species investigated and even the organ. In both species, roots were the preferential sites of Ni(2+) accumulation, but the fraction translocated to shoots was higher in B. juncea than in M. crystallinum. The relatively good tolerance of M. crystallinum to Ni suggests that this halophyte species could be used in the phytoextraction of moderately polluted saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoufik Amari
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Tahar Ghnaya
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia.
| | - Ahmed Debez
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Manel Taamali
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Ben Youssef
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Giorgio Lucchini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Attilio Sacchi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia
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Pradas del Real AE, Pérez-Sanz A, Lobo MC, McNear DH. The chromium detoxification pathway in the multimetal accumulator Silene vulgaris. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:11479-11486. [PMID: 25188746 DOI: 10.1021/es502099g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytomanagement could be a viable alternative in areas polluted with wastes from chromium-using industries. This study investigated the ability of Silene vulgaris to take up Cr(III) and Cr(VI) with special attention on the mechanism used by this species to tolerate high doses of Cr(VI). Plants were grown semihydroponically with different concentrations of either Cr(III) or Cr(VI). A combination of synchrotron X-ray spectroscopic techniques, scanning electron and light microscopy and infrared spectroscopy were used to determine the distribution and speciation of Cr. S. vulgaris accumulated more Cr when grown with Cr(VI) resulting in an overall reduction in biomass. Starch accumulation in leaves may be attributed to an impartment between carbon utilization and assimilation resulted from stunted plant growth but not the complete inhibition of photosynthesis indicating that S. vulgaris possess tolerance mechanisms that allows it to survive in Cr(VI) rich environments. These primary tolerance mechanisms are (a) the total reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the rhizosphere or just after uptake in the fine lateral root tips and (b) chelation of Cr(III) to the cell wall both of which reduce metal interference with critical cell functions. These mechanisms make S. vulgaris suitable for in situ remediation of Cr polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Pradas del Real
- Dpto. de Investigación Agroambiental, IMIDRA, Finca "El Encín″, A-II Km, 38.200, 28800, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Shim J, Kim JW, Shea PJ, Oh BT. IAA production by Bacillus sp. JH 2-2 promotes Indian mustard growth in the presence of hexavalent chromium. J Basic Microbiol 2014; 55:652-8. [PMID: 25283159 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus sp. strain JH 2-2, isolated from the rhizosphere of plants at a multi-metal contaminated mine site, has the potential to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and promote plant growth by reducing Cr toxicity and producing IAA. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Cr(VI) to Bacillus sp. JH 2-2 was 1000 mg L(-1) and the strain reduced 99% of 10 mg Cr(VI) L(-1) to Cr(IV) within 24 h. Lower Cr(VI) stress (10 mg L(-1) ) stimulated IAA production, but much less IAA was produced at 30 or 50 mg Cr(VI) L(-1) . Inoculation with Bacillus sp. JH 2-2 increased the length of Brassica juncea L. roots by 364% and stems by 735% in the presence of 10 mg Cr(VI) L(-1) from those of uninoculated control plants. These findings suggest potential use of Bacillus sp. JH 2-2 to promote phytoremediation of soil contaminated with Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehong Shim
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea; School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
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Zaier H, Ghnaya T, Ghabriche R, Chmingui W, Lakhdar A, Lutts S, Abdelly C. EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil by the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:7607-15. [PMID: 24604274 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The low bioavailability of Pb and low number of Pb-tolerant plant species represent an important limitation for Pb phytoextraction. It was recently suggested that halophyte plant species may be a promising material for this purpose, especially in polluted salt areas while Pb mobility may be improved by synthetic chelating agents. This study aims to evaluate Pb extraction by the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum in relation to the impact of EDTA application. Seedling were cultivated during 60 days on Pb artificially contaminated soil (200, 400, and 800 ppm Pb) in the presence or in the absence of EDTA (3 g kg(-1) soil). Results showed that upon to 400 ppm, Pb had no impact on plant growth. However, exogenous Pb induce a decrease in shoot K(+) while it increased shoot Mg(2+) and had no impact on shoot Ca(2+) concentrations. Lead concentration in the shoots increased with increasing external Pb doses reaching 1,390 ppm in the presence of 800 ppm lead in soil. EDTA addition had no effect on plant growth but strongly increased Pb accumulation in the shoot which increased from 1,390 ppm in the absence of EDTA to 3,772 ppm in EDTA-amended plants exposed to 800 ppm exogenous Pb. Both Pb absorption and translocation from roots to shoots were significantly enhanced by EDTA application, leading to an increase in the total amounts of extracted Pb per plant. These data suggest that S. portulacastrum is very promising species for decontamination of Pb(2+)-contaminated soil and that its phytoextraction potential was significantly enhanced by addition of EDTA to the polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanen Zaier
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extremophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, Hammam Lif, 2050, Tunisia,
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de la Rosa G, Castillo-Michel H, Cruz-Jiménez G, Bernal-Alvarado J, Córdova-Fraga T, López-Moreno L, Cotte M. Cr localization and speciation in roots of chromate fed Helianthus annuus L. seedlings using synchrotron techniques. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2014; 16:1073-86. [PMID: 24933903 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2013.810584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to gain knowledge on the potential use of Helianthus annuus L. for the remediation of Cr(VI) polluted waters, hydroponics experiments were set up to determine Cr uptake and tolerance in different Cr(VI)-sulfate conditions, and Cr biotransformations. Results indicated that Cr(VI) promoted seed germination, and plant tolerance was higher at younger plant stages. Cr uptake was dependent on sulfate concentrations. The highest Cr levels in roots and shoots (13,700 and 2,500 mg kg(-1) dry weight (DW), respectively) were obtained in 1 mM sulfate. The lowest Cr uptake in roots (10,600 mg kg(-1) DW) was observed in seedlings treated with no sulfate. In shoots, Cr concentration was of 1,500 mg kg(-1)DW for the 1 mM sulfate treatment, indicating a different level of interaction between chromate and sulfate in both tissues. For the first time, using micro X-ray florescence (muXRF), we demonstrated Cr reaches the root stele and is located in the walls of xylem vessels. Bulk and micro X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (muXANES) results showed that Cr in the roots is mostly in the form of Cr(III) phosphate (80%), with the remainder complexed to organic acids. Our results suggest this plant species may serve for Cr(VI) rhizofiltration purposes.
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de Oliveira LM, Ma LQ, Santos JAG, Guilherme LRG, Lessl JT. Effects of arsenate, chromate, and sulfate on arsenic and chromium uptake and translocation by arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 184:187-92. [PMID: 24056188 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated effects of arsenate (AsV), chromate (CrVI) and sulfate on As and Cr uptake and translocation by arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata (PV), which was exposed to AsV, CrVI and sulfate at 0, 0.05, 0.25 or 1.25 mM for 2-wk in hydroponic system. PV was effective in accumulating large amounts of As (4598 and 1160 mg/kg in the fronds and roots at 0.05 mM AsV) and Cr (234 and 12,630 mg/kg in the fronds and roots at 0.05 mM CrVI). However, when co-present, AsV and CrVI acted as inhibitors, negatively impacting their accumulation in PV. Arsenic accumulation in the fronds was reduced by 92% and Cr by 26%, indicating reduced As and Cr translocation. However, addition of sulfate increased uptake and translocation of As by 26-28% and Cr by 1.63 fold. This experiment demonstrated that As and Cr inhibited each other in uptake and translocation by PV but sulfate enhanced As and Cr uptake and translocation by PV.
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D'Alessandro A, Taamalli M, Gevi F, Timperio AM, Zolla L, Ghnaya T. Cadmium stress responses in Brassica juncea: hints from proteomics and metabolomics. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:4979-97. [PMID: 24074147 DOI: 10.1021/pr400793e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among heavy metal stressors, cadmium (Cd) pollution is one leading threat to the environment. In this view, research efforts have been increasingly put forward to promote the individuation of phytoextractor plants that are capable of accumulating and withstanding the toxic metals, including Cd, in the aerial parts. We hereby adopted the hyperaccumulator B. juncea (Indian mustard) as a model to investigate plant responses to Cd stress at low (25 μM) and high (100 μM) doses. Analytical strategies included mass-spectrometry-based determination of Cd and the assessment of its effect on the leaf proteome and metabolome. Results were thus integrated with routine physiological data. Taken together, physiology results highlighted the deregulation of photosynthesis efficiency, ATP synthesis, reduced transpiration, and the impairment of light-independent carbon fixation reactions. These results were supported at the proteomics level by the observed Cd-dependent alteration of photosystem components and the alteration of metabolic enzymes, including ATP synthase subunits, carbonic anhydrase, and enzymes involved in antioxidant responses (especially glutathione and phytochelatin homeostasis) and the Calvin cycle. Metabolomics results confirmed the alterations of energy-generating metabolic pathways, sulfur-compound metabolism (GSH and PCs), and Calvin cycle. Besides, metabolomics results highlighted the up-regulation of phosphoglycolate, a byproduct of the photorespiration metabolism. This was suggestive of the likely increased photorespiration rate as a means to cope with Cd-induced unbalance in stomatal conductance and deregulation of CO2 homeostasis, which would, in turn, promote CO2 depletion and O2 (and thus oxidative stress) accumulation under prolonged photosynthesis in the leaves from plants exposed to high doses of CdCl2. Overall, it emerges that Cd-stressed B. juncea might rely on photorespiration, an adaptation that would prevent the over-reduction of the photosynthetic electron transport chain and photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia , Largo dell'Università, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Machado-Estrada B, Calderón J, Moreno-Sánchez R, Rodríguez-Zavala JS. Accumulation of arsenic, lead, copper, and zinc, and synthesis of phytochelatins by indigenous plants of a mining impacted area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:3946-3955. [PMID: 23649544 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Several native plants, able to grow in an unconfined mining impacted area that is now in close vicinity with urban areas, were evaluated for their ability to accumulate heavy metals. The main soil contaminants were As, Pb, Cu, and Zn. Sampling of the rhizospheric metal polluted soil showed that Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, Parthenium incanum Kunth, and Zinnia acerosa (DC.) A. Gray were able to grow in the presence of high amounts of mixtures of these elements. The plants accumulated the metals in the above ground parts and increased the synthesis of thiol molecules. E. prostrata showed the highest capacity for accumulation of the mixture of elements (588 μg g DW(-1)). Analysis of the thiol-molecules profile showed that these plants synthesized high amounts of long-chain phytochelatins, accompanied by low amounts of monothiol molecules, which may be related to their higher resistance to As and heavy metals. The three plants showed translocation factors from roots to leaves >1 for As, Pb, Cu, and Zn. Thus, by periodically removing aerial parts, these plants could be useful for the phytoremediation of semi-arid and arid mining impacted areas, in which metal hyper-accumulator plants are not able to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blenda Machado-Estrada
- Departamento de Toxicología Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
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Adki VS, Jadhav JP, Bapat VA. Nopalea cochenillifera, a potential chromium (VI) hyperaccumulator plant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:1173-1180. [PMID: 22914913 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalant chromium [Cr(VI)] tolerance and accumulation in in vitro grown Nopalea cochenillifera Salm. Dyck. plants was investigated. A micropropagation protocol was establish for a rapid multiplication of N. cochenillifera and [Cr(VI)] tolerance and accumulation was studied in in vitro grown cultures. Cr concentration was estimated by atomic absorption spectroscopy in roots and shoots to confirm plant's hyperaccumulation capacity. Plants showed tolerance up to 100 μM K(2)Cr(2)O(7) without any significant changes in root growth after 16 days treatment; whereas, chlorophyll content in plants treated with 1 and 10 μM K(2)Cr(2)O(7) were not so different than the control plant. The levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation increased significantly (p < 0.01) with increasing concentration of chromium. Exposures of N. cochenillifera to lower concentrations of K(2)Cr(2)O(7) (≤ 10 μM) induced catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly (p < 0.001) but higher concentrations of K(2)Cr(2)O(7) (>100 μM) inhibited the activities of CAT and SOD. Roots accumulated a maximum of 25,263.396 ± 1,722.672 mg Cr Kg(-1) dry weight (DW); while the highest concentration of Cr in N. cochenillifera shoots was 705.714 ± 32.324 mg Cr Kg(-1) DW. N. cochenillifera could be a prospective hyperaccumulator plant of Cr(VI) and a promising candidate for phytoremediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak S Adki
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur 416004, India
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Ghnaya T, Zaier H, Baioui R, Sghaier S, Lucchini G, Sacchi GA, Lutts S, Abdelly C. Implication of organic acids in the long-distance transport and the accumulation of lead in Sesuvium portulacastrum and Brassica juncea. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1449-54. [PMID: 23026160 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The implication of organic acids in Pb translocation was studied in two species varying in shoot lead accumulation, Sesuvium portulacastrum and Brassica juncea. Citric, fumaric, malic and α-cetoglutaric acids were separated and determined by HPLC technique in shoots, roots and xylem saps of the both species grown in nutrient solutions added with 200 and 400 μM of Pb(II). The lead content of the xylem saps was determined by ICP-MS. Results showed that S. portulacastrum is more tolerant to Pb than B. juncea. Lead concentration in xylem sap of the S. portulacastrum was significantly greater than in that of B. juncea. For both species, a positive correlation was established between lead and citrate concentrations in xylem sap. However minor relationship was observed for fumaric, malic and α-cetoglutaric acids. In the shoots lead treatment also induced a significant increase in citric acid concentration. Both observations suggest the implication of citric acid in lead translocation and shoot accumulation in S. portulacastrum and B. juncea. The relatively high accumulation of citric acid in xylem sap and shoot of S. portulacastrum could explain its high potential to translocate and accumulate this metal in shoot suggesting their possible use to remediate Pb polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahar Ghnaya
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia.
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Rouff AA. Sorption of chromium with struvite during phosphorus recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:12493-12501. [PMID: 23113825 DOI: 10.1021/es302296m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Struvite (MgNH(4)PO(4)·6H(2)O; MAP) precipitation is a viable means of phosphorus (P) recovery from animal and human wastes. The behavior of metal contaminants such as chromium (Cr) during struvite precipitation, however, requires consideration. Here the influence of both Cr concentration and oxidation state on sorption is assessed. The Cr content of struvite precipitated in the presence of 1-100 μM Cr as Cr(III) (22.3-3030.1 mg/kg) was higher than that of solids from Cr(VI) (4.5-5.1 mg/kg) solutions. For 1-20 μM Cr(III) solids, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed etch pit formation on struvite crystal surfaces, indicative of a surface interaction. The formation of an adsorbate was confirmed by X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS). At initial concentrations ≥20 μM Cr(III), XAFS confirmed the formation of a Cr(OH)(3)·nH(2)O(am) precipitate. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed that both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) sorption resulted in distortion of the PO(4)(3-) tetrahedra in the mineral structure. This, combined with SEM results revealed that even at low sorbed concentrations, the Cr impurity can affect the mineral surface and structure. Thus, the initial Cr concentration and oxidation state in wastes targeted for P recovery will dictate the final Cr content, the mechanism of sorption, and impact on the struvite structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashaki A Rouff
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, New York 11367, USA.
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LeBlanc MS, McKinney EC, Meagher RB, Smith AP. Hijacking membrane transporters for arsenic phytoextraction. J Biotechnol 2012; 163:1-9. [PMID: 23108027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a toxic metalloid and recognized carcinogen. Arsenate and arsenite are the most common arsenic species available for uptake by plants. As an inorganic phosphate (Pi) analog, arsenate is acquired by plant roots through endogenous Pi transport systems. Inside the cell, arsenate is reduced to the thiol-reactive form arsenite. Glutathione (GSH)-conjugates of arsenite may be extruded from the cell or sequestered in vacuoles by members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of transporters. In the present study we sought to enhance both plant arsenic uptake through Pi transporter overexpression, and plant arsenic tolerance through ABC transporter overexpression. We demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing the high-affinity Pi transporter family members, AtPht1;1 or AtPht1;7, are hypersensitive to arsenate due to increased arsenate uptake. These plants do not exhibit increased sensitivity to arsenite. Co-overexpression of the yeast ABC transporter YCF1 in combination with AtPht1;1 or AtPht1;7 suppresses the arsenate-sensitive phenotype while further enhancing arsenic uptake. Taken together, our results support an arsenic transport mechanism in which arsenate uptake is increased through Pi transporter overexpression, and arsenic tolerance is enhanced through YCF1-mediated vacuolar sequestration. This work substantiates the viability of coupling enhanced uptake and vacuolar sequestration as a means for developing a prototypical engineered arsenic hyperaccumulator.
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Chervona Y, Arita A, Costa M. Carcinogenic metals and the epigenome: understanding the effect of nickel, arsenic, and chromium. Metallomics 2012; 4:619-27. [PMID: 22473328 PMCID: PMC3687545 DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20033c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenic metals, such as nickel, arsenic, and chromium, are widespread environmental and occupational pollutants. Chronic exposure to these metals has been connected with increased risks of numerous cancers and as well as non-carcinogenic health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, neurologic deficits, neuro-developmental deficits in childhood, and hypertension. However, currently the specific molecular targets for metal toxicity and carcinogenicity are not fully understood. Here, we propose that the iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family enzymes, as well as, other histone modifying enzymes are important intracellular targets that mediate the toxicity and carcinogenicity of nickel, and maybe potential targets in chromium and arsenic induced carcinogenesis. Our data demonstrate that all three metals are capable of inducing post-translational histone modifications and affecting the enzymes that modulate them (i.e. the iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family, including HIF-prolyl hydroxylase PHD2, histone demethylase JHDM2A/JMJD1A, and DNA repair enzymes ABH3 and ABH2, and histone methyltransferases, G9a). Given the effects that these metals can exert on the epigenome, future studies of their involvement in histone modifying enzymes dynamics would deepen our understanding on their respective toxicities and carcinogenicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Chervona
- New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987
| | - Adriana Arita
- New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987
| | - Max Costa
- New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987
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Mandal BK, Vankayala R, Uday Kumar L. Speciation of chromium in soil and sludge in the surrounding tannery region, ranipet, Tamil Nadu. ISRN TOXICOLOGY 2011; 2011:697980. [PMID: 23724287 PMCID: PMC3658852 DOI: 10.5402/2011/697980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The distribution and mobility of chromium in the soils and sludge surrounding a tannery waste dumping area was investigated to evaluate its vertical and lateral movement of operational speciation which was determined in six steps to fractionate the material in the soil and sludge into (i) water soluble, (ii) exchangeable, (iii) carbonate bound, (iv) reducible, (v) oxidizable, and (vi) residual phases. The present study shows that about 63.7% of total chromium is mobilisable, and 36.3% of total chromium is nonbioavailable in soil, whereas about 30.2% of total chromium is mobilisable, and 69.8% of total chromium is non-bioavailable in sludge. In contaminated sites the concentration of chromium was found to be higher in the reducible phase in soils (31.3%) and oxidisable phases in sludge (56.3%) which act as the scavenger of chromium in polluted soils. These results also indicate that iron and manganese rich soil can hold chromium that will be bioavailable to plants and biota. Thus, results of this study can indicate the status of bioavailable of chromium in this area, using sequential extraction technique. So a suitable and proper management of handling tannery sludge in the said area will be urgently needed to the surrounding environment as well as ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badal Kumar Mandal
- Trace Elements Speciation Research Laboratory, Environments and Analytical Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
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Carrasco-Gil S, Alvarez-Fernández A, Sobrino-Plata J, Millán R, Carpena-Ruiz RO, Leduc DL, Andrews JC, Abadía J, Hernández LE. Complexation of Hg with phytochelatins is important for plant Hg tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2011; 34:778-91. [PMID: 21276009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-week-old alfalfa (Medicago sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and maize (Zea mays) were exposed for 7 d to 30 µm of mercury (HgCl(2) ) to characterize the Hg speciation in root, with no symptoms of being poisoned. The largest pool (99%) was associated with the particulate fraction, whereas the soluble fraction (SF) accounted for a minor proportion (<1%). Liquid chromatography coupled with electro-spray/time of flight mass spectrometry showed that Hg was bound to an array of phytochelatins (PCs) in root SF, which was particularly varied in alfalfa (eight ligands and five stoichiometries), a species that also accumulated homophytochelatins. Spatial localization of Hg in alfalfa roots by microprobe synchrotron X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy showed that most of the Hg co-localized with sulphur in the vascular cylinder. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) fingerprint fitting revealed that Hg was bound in vivo to organic-S compounds, i.e. biomolecules containing cysteine. Albeit a minor proportion of total Hg, Hg-PCs complexes in the SF might be important for tolerance to Hg, as was found with Arabidopsis thaliana mutants cad2-1 (with low glutathione content) and cad1-3 (unable to synthesize PCs) in comparison with wild type plants. Interestingly, high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-time of flight analysis showed that none of these mutants accumulated Hg-biothiol complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Carrasco-Gil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid
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Zhao Y, Peralta-Videa JR, Lopez-Moreno ML, Saupe GB, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Use of plasma-based spectroscopy and infrared microspectroscopy techniques to determine the uptake and effects of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) on Parkinsonia aculeata. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2011; 13 Suppl 1:17-33. [PMID: 22046749 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2011.568534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chromium uptake and tolerance by Mexican Palo Verde (Parkinsonia aculeata) (MPV) was studied in a six-month experiment with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) at 60 and 10 mg kg(-1), respectively. Chromium and nutrient uptake were determined by ICP-OES and changes in macromolecules were studied by infrared microspectroscopy (IMS). In the Cr(VI)-treated plants, chromium concentration increased in the roots only through the third month, while translocation to stems increased constantly throughout the six months. Cr(III) applications decreased the amount of Zn in leaves and stems (p < or = 0.05). Cr(VI) increased P and S in all plant tissues and increased Ca in roots, but decreased Ca in stems and leaves, and Mg in roots and stems. Cr(III) decreased P in stems and leaves, while both Cr ions decreased K in all MPV tissues. Relative to untreated plant tissue, the IMS revealed significant changes at 1730 cm(-1) and 845 cm(-1). Changes at 1730 cm(-1) indicated that the cortex and xylem of Cr-treated plants were more proteinaceous. Changes at 845 cm(-1) revealed higher lignifications in cortex. However, at the stem level, Cr(VI) decreased lignin deposition in xylem. The data showed that MPV could be useful in the phytoremediation of Cr in moderately impacted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
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Zaier H, Ghnaya T, Lakhdar A, Baioui R, Ghabriche R, Mnasri M, Sghair S, Lutts S, Abdelly C. Comparative study of Pb-phytoextraction potential in Sesuvium portulacastrum and Brassica juncea: tolerance and accumulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 183:609-15. [PMID: 20708335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead phytoextraction from salty soils is a difficult task because this process needs the use of plants which are able to tolerate salt and accumulate Pb(2+) within in their shoots. It has recently been suggested that salt-tolerant plants are more suitable for heavy metals extraction than salt-sensitive ones commonly used in this approach. The aim of this study was to investigate Pb-phytoextraction potential of the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum in comparison with Brassica juncea commonly used in Pb-phytoextraction. Seedlings of both species were exposed in nutrient solution to 0, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 μM Pb(2+) for 21 days. Lead strongly inhibited growth in B. juncea but had no impact on S. portulacastrum. Exogenous Pb(2+) reduced nutrients uptake mainly in B. juncea as compared to S. portulacastrum. Lead was preferentially accumulated in roots in both species. S. portulacastrum accumulated more Pb(2+) in the shoot than B. juncea. Hence, the amounts of Pb(2+) translocated at 1000 μM Pb(2+) were 3400 μg g(-1) DW and 2200 μg g(-1) DW in S. portulacastrum and B. juncea, respectively. These results suggest that S. portulacastrum is more efficient to extract Pb(2+) than B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanen Zaier
- Laboratoire d'Adaptation des Plantes aux Stress Abiotiques, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia.
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Arias JA, Peralta-Videa JR, Ellzey JT, Viveros MN, Ren M, Mokgalaka-Matlala NS, Castillo-Michel H, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Plant growth and metal distribution in tissues of Prosopis juliflora-velutina grown on chromium contaminated soil in the presence of Glomus deserticola. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:7272-9. [PMID: 20795657 PMCID: PMC4337994 DOI: 10.1021/es1008664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been known to increase metal uptake in plants. In this study, mesquite (Prosopis juliflora-velutina) inoculated with Glomus deserticola or amended with EDTA were grown for 30 days in soil containing Cr(III) or Cr(VI) at 0, 40, 80, and 160 mg kg(-1). Total amylase activity (TAA) was monitored as a stress indicator. Element concentrations and distribution in tissue were determined using ICP-OES, electron scanning microprobe, and TEM. Inoculated Cr(VI) treated plants had 21% and 30% more Cr than uninoculated and EDTA treated roots, respectively, at 80 mg Cr kg(-1) treatment. In the case of Cr(III), EDTA produced the highest Cr accumulation in roots. TAA was higher in inoculated plants grown with Cr(III) at 80 and 160 mg kg(-1) and Cr(VI) at 40 and 160 mg kg(-1). The X-ray mapping showed higher metal concentrations in the vascular system of inoculated plants and the TEM micrographs demonstrated the presence of G. deserticola in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A. Arias
- Environmental Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | | | - Joanne T. Ellzey
- Department of Biological Sciences, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Marian N. Viveros
- Department of Biological Sciences, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Minghua Ren
- Geology Department, University of Texas at El Paso; 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | | | - Hiram Castillo-Michel
- Environmental Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey
- Environmental Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Chemistry 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Buendía-González L, Orozco-Villafuerte J, Cruz-Sosa F, Barrera-Díaz CE, Vernon-Carter EJ. Prosopis laevigata a potential chromium (VI) and cadmium (II) hyperaccumulator desert plant. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:5862-5867. [PMID: 20347590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) in Prosopis laevigata and the effect of these heavy metals on plant growth were assessed. P. laevigata seeds were cultured during 50 days on modified Murashige-Skoog medium supplemented with four different concentrations of Cr(VI) (0-3.4mM) and Cd(II) (0-2.2mM), respectively. Heavy metals did not stop germination, but smaller plants with fewer leaves and secondary roots were produced. Seedlings showed an accumulation of 8176 and 21,437 mg Cd kg(-1) and of 5461 and 8090 mg Cr kg(-1) dry weight, in shoot and root, when cultured with 0.65 mM Cd(II) and 3.4mM Cr(VI), respectively. These results indicated that significant translocation from the roots unto aerial parts took place. A bioaccumulation factor greater than 100 for Cd and 24 for Cr was exhibited by the seedlings. P. laevigata can be considered as a potential hyperaccumulator of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) species and considered as a promising candidate for phytoremediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Buendía-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco, No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, D.F. México C.P. 09340, Mexico.
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47
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Prado C, Rodríguez-Montelongo L, González JA, Pagano EA, Hilal M, Prado FE. Uptake of chromium by Salvinia minima: effect on plant growth, leaf respiration and carbohydrate metabolism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 177:546-553. [PMID: 20080338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic responses to chromium (Cr) exposure and metal uptake were investigated using Salvinia minima plants. Cr treatment reduced the dry weight of floating and submerged leaves, while photosynthetic pigments were not affected. Measurements of respiratory oxygen uptake with and without inhibitors (KCN and SHAM) demonstrated that total respiration, alternative oxidase capacity and residual respiration were higher in Cr-treated than in Cr-untreated leaves, but the highest values were observed in floating leaves. Cr affected the soluble sugar content. Sucrose concentration was, in general, higher in Cr-treated than in Cr-untreated leaves, while the glucose concentration showed an inverse pattern. Cr also affected soluble acid invertase activity, but affectation trend was different between both leaves. Highest values of invertase activity were observed in Cr-treated floating leaves. According to our data soluble acid invertase and sucrose seem to be related to alternative oxidase capacity and residual respiration in floating and submerged leaves exposed to Cr. Thereby, this study constitutes an important contribution to understand metabolic relationships between mitochondrial respiration, alternative respiratory pathway and soluble carbohydrates in plants exposed to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Prado
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, CP 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
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Al Hasin A, Gurman SJ, Murphy LM, Perry A, Smith TJ, Gardiner PHE. Remediation of chromium(VI) by a methane-oxidizing bacterium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:400-5. [PMID: 20039753 DOI: 10.1021/es901723c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Methane-oxidizing bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment and are globally important in oxidizing the potent greenhouse gas methane. It is also well recognized that they have wide potential for bioremediation of organic and chlorinated organic pollutants, thanks to the wide substrate ranges of the methane monooxygenase enzymes that they produce. Here we have demonstrated that the well characterized model methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) is able to bioremediate chromium(VI) pollution over a wide range of concentrations (1.4-1000 mg L(-1) of Cr(6+)), thus extending the bioremediation potential of this major group of microorganisms to include an important heavy-metal pollutant. The chromium(VI) reduction reaction was dependent on the availability of reducing equivalents from the growth substrate methane and was partially inhibited by the metabolic poison sodium azide. X-ray spectroscopy showed that the cell-associated chromium was predominantly in the +3 oxidation state and associated with cell- or medium-derived moieties that were most likely phosphate groups. The genome sequence of Mc. capsulatus (Bath) suggests at least five candidate genes for the chromium(VI) reductase activity in this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakr Al Hasin
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom
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Razić S, Dogo S. Determination of chromium in Mentha piperita L. and soil by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after sequential extraction and microwave-assisted acid digestion to assess potential bioavailability. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 78:451-6. [PMID: 19910018 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of chromium in Mentha piperita and the soil where it is cultivated was done. The capacity of soil for chromium immobilization and the capacity of M. piperita L., to control its uptake were analyzed by spiking the soil with standard solutions of Cr(III). For each concentration three acidity levels: natural, one unit below and one above its natural acidity (pH(2)=6, pH(1)=5 and pH(3)=7) were tested. Three-stage sequential extraction was performed (I stage: 1M ammonium-acetate, II stage: 0.1M hydroxylamine-chlorohydrate and III stage: 0.2/0.2M oxalic acid/ammonium-oxalate mixture). The chromium content in the extracts was obtained after the measurements by GFAAS. The results (expressed in mgL(-1)), at pH(1), pH(2) and pH(3), respectively, were as follows: I stage: 4.64-10.93, 0.79-5.78 and 0.26-5.26; II stage: 1.14-15.99, 0.76-20.31 and 0.67-20.64; III stage: 0.67-20.64, 19.17-100.76 and 19.17-116.05. A high potential of the soil for chromium immobilization was observed. In parallel, soil and plant samples were prepared by microwave-assisted acid digestion for total chromium determination. By analysis of SRMs (NIST SRM 2711 - Montana II Soil, NIST SRM 8433 - Corn Bran and NIST SRM 1547 - Peach Leaves) good recoveries (72.7-115.3%) were obtained. Additionally, iron and manganese oxides and hydroxides were recognized as matrix components of special importance for mobility of chromium species within a soil structures so, the determination of Mn and Fe was done too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Razić
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 146, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Mokgalaka-Matlala NS, Flores-Tavizón E, Castillo-Michel H, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Arsenic tolerance in mesquite (Prosopis sp.): low molecular weight thiols synthesis and glutathione activity in response to arsenic. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2009; 47:822-6. [PMID: 19539488 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of arsenic stress on the production of low molecular weight thiols (LMWT), glutathione S-transferase activity (GST) and sulfur metabolism of mesquite plant (Prosopis sp.) were examined in hydroponic culture at different arsenic [As(III) and (V)] concentrations. The production of LMWT was dependent on As speciation and concentration in the growth medium. The roots of As(III) treated plants produced significantly higher LMWT levels than As(V) treated roots at the same concentration of As applied. In leaves, the thiols content increased with increasing As(III) and (V) concentrations in the medium. Hypersensitivity of the plant to high As concentrations was observed by a significant decrease of LMWT produced in the roots at 50 mg/L treatment in both As(III) and (V) treatments. Sulfur was translocated from roots and accumulated mainly in the shoots. In response to As-induced phytotoxicity, the plants slightly increased the sulfur content in the roots at the highest As treatment. Compared with As(V)-treated plants, As(III)-treated roots and leaves showed significantly higher GST activity. The roots of both As(III) and (V) treated plants showed an initial increase in GST at low As concentration (5 mg/L), followed by significant inhibition up to 50 mg/L. The leaves had the highest GST activity, an indication of the ability of the plant to detoxify As in the leaves than in the roots. The correlation between LMWT content, S content and GST activity may be an indication these parameters may be used as biomarkers of As stress in mesquite.
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