1
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Gureeva MV, Muntyan MS, Ravin NV, Grabovich MY. Wastewater Treatment with Bacterial Representatives of the Thiothrix Morphotype. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9093. [PMID: 39201777 PMCID: PMC11355018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the Thiothrix morphotype, comprising the genera Thiothrix, Thiolinea and Thiofilum, are frequently encountered in domestic and industrial wastewater treatment systems, but they are usually not clearly differentiated due to the marked similarity in their morphologies. Methods ranging from light microscopy, FISH and PCR to modern high-throughput sequencing are used to identify them. The development of these bacteria in wastewater treatment systems has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, the explosive growth of these bacteria can lead to activated sludge bulking or clogging of the treatment system's membranes, with a consequent decrease in the water treatment efficiency. On the other hand, members of the Thiothrix morphotype can improve the quality of granular sludge and increase the water treatment efficiency. This may be due to their capacity for sulfide oxidation, denitrification combined with the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds, enhanced biological phosphate removal and possibly denitrifying phosphate removal. The recently obtained pangenome of the genus Thiothrix allows the explanation, at the genomic level, of the experimental results of various studies. Moreover, this review summarizes the data on the factors affecting the proliferation of representatives of the Thiothrix morphotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Gureeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Physiology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl., 1, 394018 Voronezh, Russia;
| | - Maria S. Muntyan
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai V. Ravin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 33-2, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Margarita Yu. Grabovich
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Physiology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl., 1, 394018 Voronezh, Russia;
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Awasthi MK, Amobonye A, Bhagwat P, Ashokkumar V, Gowd SC, Dregulo AM, Rajendran K, Flora G, Kumar V, Pillai S, Zhang Z, Sindhu R, Taherzadeh MJ. Biochemical engineering for elemental sulfur from flue gases through multi-enzymatic based approaches - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169857. [PMID: 38190912 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Flue gases are the gases which are produced from industries related to chemical manufacturing, petrol refineries, power plants and ore processing plants. Along with other pollutants, sulfur present in the flue gas is detrimental to the environment. Therefore, environmentalists are concerned about its removal and recovery of resources from flue gases due to its activation ability in the atmosphere to transform into toxic substances. This review is aimed at a critical assessment of the techniques developed for resource recovery from flue gases. The manuscript discusses various bioreactors used in resource recovery such as hollow fibre membrane reactor, rotating biological contractor, sequential batch reactor, fluidized bed reactor, entrapped cell bioreactor and hybrid reactors. In conclusion, this manuscript provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of thermotolerant and thermophilic microbes in sulfur removal. Additionally, it evaluates the efficacy of a multi-enzyme engineered bioreactor in this process. Furthermore, the study introduces a groundbreaking sustainable model for elemental sulfur recovery, offering promising prospects for environmentally-friendly and economically viable sulfur removal techniques in various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
| | - Ayodeji Amobonye
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P O Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Prashant Bhagwat
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P O Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Center for Waste Management and Renewable Energy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Sarath C Gowd
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Andrei Mikhailovich Dregulo
- National Research University "Higher School of Economics", 17 Promyshlennaya str, 198095, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Karthik Rajendran
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G Flora
- Department of Botany, St. Mary's College (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Bioconversion and Tissue Engineering (BITE) Laboratory, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Thandalam-602105, India
| | - Santhosh Pillai
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P O Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, TKM Institute of Technology, Kollam 691 505, Kerala, India
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Li J, Zhu W, Dong H, Yang Z, Zhang P, Qiang Z. Impact of carrier on ammonia and organics removal from zero-discharge marine recirculating aquaculture system with sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34614-34623. [PMID: 30937747 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Marine recirculating aquaculture system (MRAS) is an effective technology that provides sustainable farming of food fish globally. However, dissolved organics material (chemical oxygen demand, COD) and especially ammonia are produced from uneaten feed and metabolic wastes of fish. To purify the MRAS water, this study adopted a sequencing biofilm batch reactor (SBBR) and comparatively investigated the performances of four different carriers on ammonia and COD removal. Results indicated that the NH4+-N removal rates were 0.045 ± 0.05, 0.065 ± 0.008, 0.089 ± 0.005, and 0.093 ± 0.003 kg/(m3·d), and the COD removal rates were 0.019 ± 0.010, 0.213 ± 0.010, 0.255 ± 0.015, and 0.322 ± 0.010 kg/(m3·d) in the SBBRs packed with porous plastic, bamboo ring, maifan stone, and ceramsite carriers, respectively. Among the four carriers, ceramsite exhibited the best performance for both NH4+-N (80%) and COD (33%) removal after the SBBR reached the steady-state operation conditions. For all carriers studied, the NH4+-N removal kinetics could be well simulated by the first-order model, and the NH4+-N and COD removal rates were logarithmically correlated with the carrier's specific surface area. Due to its high ammonia removal, stable performance and easy operation, the ceramsite-packed SBBR is feasible for MRAS water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhenlin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Cojean ANY, Lehmann MF, Robertson EK, Thamdrup B, Zopfi J. Controls of H 2S, Fe 2 +, and Mn 2 + on Microbial NO 3 --Reducing Processes in Sediments of an Eutrophic Lake. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1158. [PMID: 32612583 PMCID: PMC7308436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biogeochemical controls on the partitioning between nitrogen (N) removal through denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and N recycling via dissimilatory nitrate (NO3 -) reduction to ammonium (DNRA) is crucial for constraining lacustrine N budgets. Besides organic carbon, inorganic compounds may serve as electron donors for NO3 - reduction, yet the significance of lithotrophic NO3 - reduction in the environment is still poorly understood. Conducting incubation experiments with additions of 15N-labeled compounds and reduced inorganic substrates (H2S, Fe2+, Mn2+), we assessed the role of alternative electron donors in regulating the partitioning between the different NO3 --reducing processes in ferruginous surface sediments of Lake Lugano, Switzerland. In sediment slurry incubations without added inorganic substrates, denitrification and DNRA were the dominant NO3 --reducing pathways, with DNRA contributing between 31 and 46% to the total NO3 - reduction. The contribution of anammox was less than 1%. Denitrification rates were stimulated by low to moderate additions of ferrous iron (Fe2+ ≤ 258 μM) but almost completely suppressed at higher levels (≥1300 μM). Conversely, DNRA was stimulated only at higher Fe2+ concentrations. Dissolved sulfide (H2S, i.e., sum of H2S, HS- and S2-) concentrations up to ∼80 μM, strongly stimulated denitrification, but did not affect DNRA significantly. At higher H2S levels (≥125 μM), both processes were inhibited. We were unable to find clear evidence for Mn2+-supported lithotrophic NO3 - reduction. However, at high concentrations (∼500 μM), Mn2+ additions inhibited NO3 - reduction, while it did not affect the balance between the two NO3 - reduction pathways. Our results provide experimental evidence for chemolithotrophic denitrification or DNRA with Fe2+ and H2S in the Lake Lugano sediments, and demonstrate that all tested potential electron donors, despite the beneficial effect at low concentrations of some of them, can inhibit NO3 - reduction at high concentration levels. Our findings thus imply that the concentration of inorganic electron donors in lake sediments can act as an important regulator of both benthic denitrification and DNRA rates, and suggest that they can exert an important control on the relative partitioning between microbial N removal and N retention in lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline N. Y. Cojean
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Aquatic and Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Moritz F. Lehmann
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Aquatic and Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Bo Thamdrup
- Department of Biology and Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob Zopfi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Aquatic and Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Cai X, Mao Y, Xu J, Tian L, Wang Y, Iqbal W, Yang B, Liu C, Zhao X, Wang Y. Characterizing community dynamics and exploring bacterial assemblages in two activated sludge systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1795-1808. [PMID: 31900552 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial communities in the activated sludge (AS) determine the wastewater treatment performance in the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Aiming at identifying the affecting factors and the variation patterns of the bacterial assemblages in AS, a 2-year time-series AS samples were collected from two separated WWTPs and metagenomic sequencing was conducted. Obvious seasonal shift and succession of the bacterial community were observed in both WWTPs on the genus and species levels, especially for the persistent taxa, implying that temperature was a decisive factor for maintaining bacterial assemblage patterns in long-term period. Taxa abundance distribution (TAD) concerning occurrence frequency and average abundance were found fitting for exponential formulations, and the approximately equal total abundance of persistent taxa suggested that stable and high abundance (~ 90%) of core functional bacterial groups would help to maintain wastewater treatment performance. Drastic changes of environmental factors were found causing temporally significant bacterial structure variation, while the innate correlations between bacterial species could recover the community gradually and maintain relative stability of the AS system. Delayed correlations between environmental factors and abundant (persistent or intermittent) bacterial species were observed widely, while synchronous biotic interactions were identified more frequently. Besides, bacterial species with similar functions were prone to cluster together and shared the same seasonal variation pattern, implicating that the cooperation of functional correlated taxa played the most dominant role in shaping the bacterial assemblages. Furthermore, rare bacterial groups were to be explored for removing emerging pollutants with lower concentrations. The results of this study would assist dealing with operational defect and optimize the treatment system in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunchao Cai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Mao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jianyu Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Tian
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Waheed Iqbal
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Changkun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yuexing Wang
- Shenzhen Shenshui Ecological & Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
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6
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Azaria S, Post AF, van Rijn J. Changes in the Bacterial Community Structure of Denitrifying Sludge from a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) After Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol Enrichment. Curr Microbiol 2019; 77:353-360. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Phan VTH, Bernier-Latmani R, Tisserand D, Bardelli F, Le Pape P, Frutschi M, Gehin A, Couture RM, Charlet L. As release under the microbial sulfate reduction during redox oscillations in the upper Mekong delta aquifers, Vietnam: A mechanistic study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 663:718-730. [PMID: 30731417 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of seasonal fluctuations linked to monsoon and irrigation generates redox oscillations in the subsurface, influencing the release of arsenic (As) in aquifers. Here, the biogeochemical control on As mobility was investigated in batch experiments using redox cycling bioreactors and As- and SO42--amended sediment. Redox potential (Eh) oscillations between anoxic (-300-0 mV) and oxic condition (0-500 mV) were implemented by automatically modulating an admixture of N2/CO2 or compressed air. A carbon source (cellobiose, a monomer of cellulose) was added at the beginning of each reducing cycle to stimulate the metabolism of the native microbial community. Results show that successive redox cycles can decrease arsenic mobility by up to 92% during reducing conditions. Anoxic conditions drive mainly the conversion of soluble As(V) to As(III) in contrast to oxic conditions. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA amplified from the sediments revealed the presence of sulfate and iron - reducing bacteria, confirming that sulfate and iron reduction are key factors for As immobilization from the aqueous phase. As and S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy suggested the association of Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides and the importance of pyrite (FeS2(s)), rather than poorly ordered mackinawite (FeS(s)), for As sequestration under oxidizing and reducing conditions, respectively. Finally, these findings suggest a role for elemental sulfur in mediating aqueous thioarsenates formation in As-contaminated groundwater of the Mekong delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van T H Phan
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), 38000 Grenoble, France; Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Rizlan Bernier-Latmani
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (EML), EPFL-ENAC-IIE-EML, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Tisserand
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Pierre Le Pape
- Institut de Mineralogie, de Physique des Materiaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), UMR 7590 CNRS-UPMC-IRD-MNHN, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Manon Frutschi
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (EML), EPFL-ENAC-IIE-EML, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Gehin
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Raoul-Marie Couture
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laurent Charlet
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), 38000 Grenoble, France
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Brailo M, Schreier HJ, McDonald R, Maršić-Lučić J, Gavrilović A, Pećarević M, Jug-Dujaković J. Bacterial community analysis of marine recirculating aquaculture system bioreactors for complete nitrogen removal established from a commercial inoculum. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 503:198-206. [PMID: 30778266 PMCID: PMC6376983 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An experimental recirculating aquaculture system was constructed under ambient seawater conditions to compare microbial community diversity of nitrifying and denitrifying biofilters that were derived from a commercial inoculum used for aquarium applications. Next generation sequencing revealed distinct and diverse microbial communities in samples analyzed from the commercial inoculant and the denitrification and nitrification biofilters. In all samples, communities were represented by a few dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Bacteria having the capacity to carry out ammonia and nitrite oxidation were more abundant in the nitrification biofilter. Similarly, the proportion of the bacterial taxa known to carry out heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification and participate in sulfur cycling were found in the denitrification bioreactor, and likely originated from the ambient environmental water source. Our results indicated that environmental seawater can be a favorable enhancement to the bacterial consortium of recirculating aquaculture systems biofilters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Brailo
- Department of Aquaculture, University of Dubrovnik, Ćira Carića 4, Dubrovnik 20000, Croatia
| | - Harold J. Schreier
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 701 E. Pratt St., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Ryan McDonald
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Jasna Maršić-Lučić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, PO Box 500, Šetalište Ivana Meštrovića 63, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Ana Gavrilović
- Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marijana Pećarević
- Department of Aquaculture, University of Dubrovnik, Ćira Carića 4, Dubrovnik 20000, Croatia
| | - Jurica Jug-Dujaković
- Sustainable Aquaculture Systems Inc., 715 Pittstown Road, Frenchtown, NJ 08825, USA
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Zhao J, Feng L, Yang G, Dai J, Mu J. Development of simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) in biofilm reactors with partially coupled a novel biodegradable carrier for nitrogen-rich water purification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:800-809. [PMID: 28715697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) is a promising approach for nitrogen-rich water purification. Coupling biofilm reactors with novel biodegradable carrier of Pumelo Peel (PP) and various conventional plastic fillers (polyurethane filler, SPR-1 suspension filler, TA-II elastic filler and sphere filler) were examined to achieve SND in this study. Results represented that partially coupled with PP could achieve highly efficient SND. Optimal performance appealed in a bioreactor of coupling PP and SPR-1filler with ammonia and total nitrogen removal efficiencies of 96.8±4.0% and 78.9±9.5%, respectively, as well as low effluent CODMn of 1.85±0.86mgL-1. Notably, PP and conventional plastic filler played obviously different roles in combined bioreactor system. Microbial analysis suggested that dominant genera were Thiothrix, Gemmata, unclassified comanonadaceae, unclassified Rhizobiales, Salipiger, Chloronema and Klebsiella in optimal combined bioreactor, which indicated novel co-existence of heterotrophic nitrification, solid-phase, non-solid-phase heterotrophic and sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification for achieving efficient SND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China
| | - Lijuan Feng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
| | - Guangfeng Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China
| | - Jincheng Dai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China
| | - Jun Mu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China
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10
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Yamin G, Borisover M, Cohen E, van Rijn J. Accumulation of humic-like and proteinaceous dissolved organic matter in zero-discharge aquaculture systems as revealed by fluorescence EEM spectroscopy. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 108:412-421. [PMID: 27838024 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), offering many economic and fish husbandry benefits, are characterized by an accumulation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and, specifically, humic substances (HS). As reported in a number of studies, HS may affect biological activity in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Given the accumulation of HS in RAS, it is therefore of great interest to characterize DOM and, specifically, its HS fraction in the RAS. The present study was aimed at characterizing long-term changes in fluorescent DOM composition in the culture water of RAS systems, which were operated in a novel, zero water exchange mode. Two such zero-discharge recirculating systems (ZDS) were examined: a freshwater system, stocked with hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis aureus x Oreochromis niloticus) and a marine system, stocked with gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) of fluorescence, coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), were used to characterize and quantify the different DOM components in the ZDS. In the culture water, one tryptophan-like and four HS-like components were identified. The fluorescence intensities of three of the HS-like components as well as the tryptophan-like component increased at comparable rates during ZDS operation while a much slower accumulation of these compounds was observed in a parallel operated, flow-through, freshwater aquarium. The ZDS examined in this study comprised a sludge digestion stage where a considerable accumulation of all fluorescent components was detected. A HS-like components and a tryptophan-like component in blood of tilapia from the freshwater ZDS were similar to components found in the culture water. Blood levels of both components were higher in fish cultured in the DOM-rich ZDS than in fish raised in the control, flow-through freshwater aquarium. Fluorescence of the HS-like component found in the fish blood increased also with time of ZDS operation. The finding that fish blood contains a HS-like fluorescent component may have important implications for the understanding of the physiological effects of HS in fish and the possible benefits of these substances in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yamin
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Borisover
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - E Cohen
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - J van Rijn
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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11
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Bentzon-Tilia M, Sonnenschein EC, Gram L. Monitoring and managing microbes in aquaculture - Towards a sustainable industry. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 9:576-84. [PMID: 27452663 PMCID: PMC4993175 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are of great importance to aquaculture where they occur naturally, and can be added artificially, fulfilling different roles. They recycle nutrients, degrade organic matter and, occasionally, they infect and kill the fish, their larvae or the live feed. Also, some microorganisms may protect fish and larvae against disease. Hence, monitoring and manipulating the microbial communities in aquaculture environments hold great potential; both in terms of assessing and improving water quality, but also in terms of controlling the development of microbial infections. Using microbial communities to monitor water quality and to efficiently carry out ecosystem services within the aquaculture systems may only be a few years away. Initially, however, we need to thoroughly understand the microbiomes of both healthy and diseased aquaculture systems, and we need to determine how to successfully manipulate and engineer these microbiomes. Similarly, we can reduce the need to apply antibiotics in aquaculture through manipulation of the microbiome, i.e. by the use of probiotic bacteria. Recent studies have demonstrated that fish pathogenic bacteria in live feed can be controlled by probiotics and that mortality of infected fish larvae can be reduced significantly by probiotic bacteria. However, the successful management of the aquaculture microbiota is currently hampered by our lack of knowledge of relevant microbial interactions and the overall ecology of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Matematiktorvet Bldg. 301, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eva C Sonnenschein
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Matematiktorvet Bldg. 301, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Matematiktorvet Bldg. 301, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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12
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Li X, Jiang X, Zhou Q, Jiang W. Effect of S/N Ratio on the Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Biogas in Anoxic Bioreactors. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:930-944. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Taylor AA, Walker SL. Effects of copper particles on a model septic system's function and microbial community. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 91:350-60. [PMID: 26815140 PMCID: PMC4761442 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is concern surrounding the addition of nanoparticles into consumer products due to toxicity potential and the increased risk of human and environmental exposures to these particles. Copper nanoparticles are found in many common consumer goods; therefore, the disposal and subsequent interactions between potentially toxic Cu-based nanoparticles and microbial communities may have detrimental impacts on wastewater treatment processes. This study investigates the effects of three copper particles (micron- and nano-scale Cu particles, and a nano-scale Cu(OH)2-based fungicide) on the function and operation of a model septic tank. Septic system analyses included water quality evaluations and microbial community characterizations to detect changes in and relationships between the septic tank function and microbial community phenotype/genotype. As would be expected for optimal wastewater treatment, biological oxygen demand (BOD5) was reduced by at least 63% during nano-scale Cu exposure, indicating normal function. pH was reduced to below the optimum anaerobic fermentation range during the micro Cu exposure, suggesting incomplete degradation of organic waste may have occurred. The copper fungicide, Cu(OH)2, caused a 57% increase in total organic carbon (TOC), which is well above the typical range for septic systems and also corresponded to increased BOD5 during the majority of the Cu(OH)2 exposure. The changes in TOC and BOD5 demonstrate that the system was improperly treating waste. Overall, results imply individual exposures to the three Cu particles caused distinct disruptions in septic tank function. However, it was observed that the system was able to recover to typical operating conditions after three weeks post-exposure. These results imply that during periods of Cu introduction, there are likely pulses of improper removal of total organic carbon and significant changes in pH not in the optimal range for the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A Taylor
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sharon L Walker
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
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14
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Kandel PP, Pasternak Z, van Rijn J, Nahum O, Jurkevitch E. Abundance, diversity and seasonal dynamics of predatory bacteria in aquaculture zero discharge systems. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 89:149-61. [PMID: 24749684 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard aquaculture generates large-scale pollution and strains water resources. In aquaculture using zero discharge systems (ZDS), highly efficient fish growth and water recycling are combined. The wastewater stream is directed through compartments in which beneficial microbial activities induced by creating suitable environmental conditions remove biological and chemical pollutants, alleviating both problems. Bacterial predators, preying on bacterial populations in the ZDS, may affect their diversity, composition and functional redundancy, yet in-depth understanding of this phenomenon is lacking. The dynamics of populations belonging to the obligate predators Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs) were analyzed in freshwater and saline ZDS over a 7-month period using QPCR targeting the Bdellovibrionaceae, and the Bacteriovorax and Bacteriolyticum genera in the Bacteriovoracaeae. Both families co-existed in ZDS compartments, constituting 0.13-1.4% of total Bacteria. Relative predator abundance varied according to the environmental conditions prevailing in different compartments, most notably salinity. Strikingly, the Bdellovibrionaceae, hitherto only retrieved from freshwater and soil, also populated the saline system. In addition to the detected BALOs, other potential predators were highly abundant, especially from the Myxococcales. Among the general bacterial population, Flavobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteriaceae and unclassified Bacteria dominated a well mixed but seasonally fluctuating diverse community of up to 238 operational taxonomic units, as revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem P Kandel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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15
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Yang C, Zhang W, Liu R, Li Q, Li B, Wang S, Song C, Qiao C, Mulchandani A. Phylogenetic diversity and metabolic potential of activated sludge microbial communities in full-scale wastewater treatment plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:7408-7415. [PMID: 21780771 DOI: 10.1021/es2010545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The activated sludge process is an essential process for treating domestic and industrial wastewaters in most wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This process consists of a mixture of general and special microorganisms in a form of a complex enrichment population. Thus, the exploration of activated sludge microbial communities is crucial to improve the performance of activated sludge process. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic diversity and metabolic potential of activated sludge microbial communities in full-scale WWTPs. Four 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed from activated sludge samples. In all samples, Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylogenetic group, followed by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The dominance of Proteobacteria was further demonstrated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Some specific genera, e.g., Nitrosomonas, Thauera, and Dechloromonas, which significantly correlate with the functions and performance of wastewater treatment, were abundant in all samples. A large number of unclassified sequences were found in the library, suggesting that a wide variety of novel species may inhabit complex activated sludge communities. The structures of the bacterial community did not differ significantly among samples. All samples utilized the vast majority of 31 carbon sources of an EcoPlate (Biolog), suggesting that activated sludge microbial communities possess high metabolic potential and equivalent functions required for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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16
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Wang X, Wen X, Yan H, Ding K, Zhao F, Hu M. Bacterial community dynamics in a functionally stable pilot-scale wastewater treatment plant. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:2352-7. [PMID: 21095118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether functional stability was correlated with a stable microbial community structure in a functionally stable pilot-scale wastewater treatment plant, bacterial communities in the system were monitored over a one-year period. Bacterial community dynamics was characterized by the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of 16S rRNA genes. During the study period, the effluent BOD concentrations were very stable, with the average BOD concentration below 10 mg/L. The effluent TN concentrations were always below 20 mg/L, except for the first 40 days. T-RFLP results showed that, during the test period, the bacterial community structures were not stable, with an average change rate (every 15 days) of 20.4%±11.2%. Based on Lorenz distribution curves, it was observed that 20% of the species corresponded with 40-77% of cumulative relative abundances. Results clearly revealed that, in the pilot-scale wastewater treatment plant, functional stability did not correlate with stable bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
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17
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Metagenomic assessment of a sulfur-oxidizing enrichment culture derived from marine sediment. J Microbiol 2011; 48:739-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-010-0257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Wang X, Wen X, Yan H, Ding K, Hu M. Community dynamics of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in a full-scale wastewater treatment system with nitrification stability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11783-010-0254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
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19
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Wang X, Wen X, Criddle C, Yan H, Zhang Y, Ding K. Bacterial community dynamics in two full-scale wastewater treatment systems with functional stability. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:1218-26. [PMID: 20477893 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the bacterial community dynamics over 1 year in two full-scale wastewater treatment systems operated under constant conditions and exhibiting stable performance. METHODS AND RESULTS Functional stability was defined and quantified by the effluent concentration of biological oxygen demand, total nitrogen and ammonia. Community dynamics were investigated using specific PCR followed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of the 16S rRNA gene. The T-RFLP results indicated that during the period of functional stability, the bacterial community structures in two full-scale wastewater treatment systems were not stable, and the average change rates every 15 days of the two systems were 22.6 ± 6.9 and 21.6 ± 7.3%, respectively. The corresponding species with dominant T-RFs were determined by clonal sequencing and T-RFLP. Based on Pareto-Lorenz distribution curves, it was observed that only a small number of micro-organisms were numerically dominant in the two systems. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that, throughout the period of the study, the bacterial community structure changed significantly in two full-scale wastewater treatment systems despite the stable function. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The findings enrich the theory involving the relation between bacterial community dynamics and functional stability in full-scale wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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20
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Schreier HJ, Mirzoyan N, Saito K. Microbial diversity of biological filters in recirculating aquaculture systems. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 21:318-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Schwermer CU, Ferdelman TG, Stief P, Gieseke A, Rezakhani N, van Rijn J, de Beer D, Schramm A. Effect of nitrate on sulfur transformations in sulfidogenic sludge of a marine aquaculture biofilter. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010; 72:476-84. [PMID: 20402774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of NO(3)(-) addition on dissimilatory SO(4)(2-) reduction and sulfide conversion in organic-rich sludge from the digestion basin of a recirculating marine aquaculture system was studied. SO(4)(2-) reduction could only explain a minor fraction (up to 4-9%) of the observed total sulfide production (up to 35 mmol L(-1) day(-1)), indicating that the main source of sulfide in the sludge was not SO(4)(2-) reduction, but desulfuration during the decomposition of organic matter. Although NO(3)(-) inhibited SO(4)(2-) reduction, but not desulfuration, the primary NO(3)(-) mitigation effect was the onset of NO(3)(-)-mediated sulfide oxidation (up to 75 mmol L(-1) day(-1)), partially to elemental sulfur (S(0)). Above NO(3)(-) concentrations of 0.6 mM in the bulk water, the net sulfide production and oxidation zones were moved deeper into flocs and sludge cores, which effectively prevented sulfide from entering the water column. However, the sulfide efflux from the sludge instantly recovered after NO(3)(-) depletion. Thus, the NO(3)(-) level in the water column controls the zonation and magnitude of sulfur transformations in the sludge. The effect of NO(3)(-) relies therefore on its sustained presence in the water column, which in turn depends on a well-functioning nitrification in the mariculture system.
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22
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Bacteria of the sulphur cycle: An overview of microbiology, biokinetics and their role in petroleum and mining industries. Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Sher Y, Schneider K, Schwermer CU, van Rijn J. Sulfide-induced nitrate reduction in the sludge of an anaerobic digester of a zero-discharge recirculating mariculture system. WATER RESEARCH 2008; 42:4386-4392. [PMID: 18718629 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic digester is a vital component in a zero-discharge mariculture system as therein most of the organic matter is mineralized and nitrogen-containing compounds are converted to gaseous N(2). Although denitrification is a major respiratory process in this nitrate-rich treatment stage, also sulfate respiration takes place and may cause undesirable high sulfide concentrations in the effluent water. To examine the effect of sulfide on nitrate reduction, in situ depth profiles of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur compounds were determined. Additionally, nitrate reduction was examined as a function of ambient sulfide concentrations in sludge collected from different locations in the anaerobic reactor. Depth profiles showed high concentrations of nitrate and low concentrations of sulfide and ammonia in the aqueous layer of the reactor. A sharp decrease of nitrate and an increase in sulfide and ammonia concentrations was measured at the water-sludge interface. Nitrate reduction was highest in this interface zone with rates of up to 8.05+/-0.57 micromol NO(3)(-)h(-1)g((sludge))(-1). Addition of sulfide increased the nitrate reduction rate at all sludge depths, pointing to the important role of autotrophic denitrification in the anaerobic reactor. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) was found to be low in all sludge layers but was enhanced when sludge was incubated at high sulfide concentrations. Although nitrate reduction rates increased as a result of sulfide addition to sludge samples, no differences in nitrate reduction rates were observed between the samples incubated with different initial sulfide concentrations. This as opposed to sulfide oxidation rates, which followed Michaelis-Menten enzymatic kinetics. Partial oxidation of sulfide to elemental sulfur instead of a complete oxidation to sulfate, could explain the observed patterns of nitrate reduction and sulfide oxidation in sludge incubated with different initial sulfide concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Sher
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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24
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Cytryn E, Minz D, Gieseke A, van Rijn J. Transient development of filamentous Thiothrix species in a marine sulfide oxidizing, denitrifying fluidized bed reactor. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2007; 256:22-9. [PMID: 16487315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, microscopic and molecular microbial analyses were integrated to characterize rapidly developing white filamentous tufts in a fluidized bed reactor used for nitrate removal from a marine recirculating fish culture system. Formation and rapid elongation of the tufts (often exceeding 50 mm day (-1)) was strongly correlated to transient elevated sulfide concentrations (>50 microM) in the reactor. The dominant bacterial constituents of these tufts were filamentous gram-negative bacteria with densely packed intracellular sulfur granules. Using 16S rRNA gene analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization it was found that these filamentous bacteria represented a novel Thiothrix phylotype closely related (97% sequence identity) to a previously identified Thiothrix strain endogenous to the marine crustacean Urothoe poseidonis. In addition to filamentous morphotypes, rosette-shaped morphotypes of Thiothrix were also detectable within the tufts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Cytryn
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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25
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Schneider O, Chabrillon-Popelka M, Smidt H, Haenen O, Sereti V, Eding EH, Verreth JAJ. HRT and nutrients affect bacterial communities grown on recirculation aquaculture system effluents. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2007; 60:207-19. [PMID: 17371322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recirculation aquaculture system the drumfilter effluent can be used as substrate for heterotrophic bacterial production, which can be recycled as feed. Because the bacteria might contain pathogens, which could reduce its suitability as feed, it is important to characterize these communities. Bacteria were produced in growth reactors under different conditions: 7 h hydraulic retention time (HRT) vs. 2 h, sodium acetate vs. molasses, and ammonia vs. nitrate. The community of the drumfilter effluent was different from those found in the reactors. However, all major community components were present in the effluent and reactor broths. HRT influenced the bacteria community, resulting in a DGGE profile dominated by a band corresponding to an Acinetobacter sp.-related population at 2 h HRT compared to 7 h HRT, where bands indicative of alpha-proteobacterial populations most closely related to Rhizobium and Shinella spp. were most abundant. Molasses influenced the bacterial community. It was dominated by an Aquaspirillum serpens-related population. Providing total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) in addition to nitrate led to the occurrence of bacteria close to Sphaerotilus spp., Flavobacterium mizutaii and Jonesia spp. It was concluded from these results that a 6-7 h HRT is recommended, and that the type of substrate is less important, and results in communities with a comparably low pathogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schneider
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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26
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Gentile ME, Jessup CM, Nyman JL, Criddle CS. Correlation of functional instability and community dynamics in denitrifying dispersed-growth reactors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 73:680-90. [PMID: 17142382 PMCID: PMC1800737 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01519-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between microbial community dynamics and functional instability is an important step towards designing reliable biological water treatment systems. In this study, the community dynamics of two dispersed-growth denitrifying reactors were examined during periods of functional stability and instability. In both reactors during the period of functional instability, the effluent chemistry changed over time, with periods of high nitrate concentrations followed by periods of fluctuating nitrite concentrations. Community structure was examined by clone library analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Community dynamics were investigated with terminal restriction fragment (T-RF) length polymorphism, and the functional diversity represented by T-RFs was assessed through nitrate reduction assays of representative isolates. During the period of functional instability, the community structure changed considerably, and the dynamics correlated significantly with effluent chemistry. The nitrite concentration was significantly correlated with the relative abundances of the nitrate-reducing Delftia- and Achromobacter-like T-RFs. The isolate representing the Acidovorax-like T-RF reduced nitrate directly to nitrogen in batch assays without the accumulation of any intermediates. The Acidovorax-like T-RF relative abundance was significantly negatively correlated with nitrite concentration, indicating that it was associated with good functional performance. The results of this study reveal a clear relationship between community dynamics and functional instability and the importance of diversity among nitrate-reducing populations within a denitrifying community.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Gentile
- ARCADIS, 155 Montgomery St., Suite 1510, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA.
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27
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Arias CR, Abernathy JW, Liu Z. Combined use of 16S ribosomal DNA and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis to study the bacterial community in catfish ponds. Lett Appl Microbiol 2006; 43:287-92. [PMID: 16910933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.01955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To apply culture-independent techniques to explore the bacterial community composition in catfish pond water. METHODS AND RESULTS 16S rDNA libraries were constructed and sequenced from 15 pond water samples. Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) was used to fingerprint each bacterial community. A broad diversity in bacterial species composition was found by 16S rDNA analysis. Alphaproteobacteria was the most represented class in all ponds, followed by Gammaproteobacteria and Gram-positive high G + C content bacteria. Uniqueness of bacterial communities from each individual pond was confirmed by ARISA. Catfish pathogens were detected sporadically. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial communities in a catfish aquaculture setting can vary from pond to pond at one given point. No correlation could be made between bacteria composition and fish strain or between bacterial profile and the presence of catfish pathogens in a particular pond. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report showing the composition of bacterial communities in catfish ponds. Fish health specialists and catfish aquaculture managers should be aware of the wide differences in bacterial communities between ponds and include this variable in fish husbandry practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Arias
- Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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28
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Gadekar S, Nemati M, Hill GA. Batch and continuous biooxidation of sulphide by Thiomicrospira sp. CVO: reaction kinetics and stoichiometry. WATER RESEARCH 2006; 40:2436-46. [PMID: 16730776 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2005] [Revised: 03/18/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous phase biooxidation of sulphide by the novel sulphide-oxidizing bacterium Thiomicrospira sp. CVO was studied in batch and continuous systems. CVO was able to oxidize sulphide at concentrations as high as 19 mM. Sulphide biooxidation occurred in two distinct phases, one resulting in the formation of sulphur and possibly other dissolved sulphur compounds rather than sulphate, followed by sulphate formation. The specific growth rate of CVO in the first and second phases were 0.17-0.27 and 0.04-0.05 h(-1), respectively. Nitrite accumulated in the culture during the first phase and was consumed during the second phase. The composition of end-products was influenced by the ratio of sulphide to nitrate initial concentrations. At a ratio of 0.28, sulphate represented 93% of the reaction products, while with a ratio of 1.6 the conversion of sulphide to sulphate was only 9.3%. In the continuous bioreactor, complete removal of sulphide was observed at sulphide volumetric loading rates as high as 1.6mM/h (residence time of 10h). Overall sulphide removal efficiency decreased continuously upon further increases in volumetric loading rate. However, the volumetric removal rate increased until a maximum value of 2.4mM/h was obtained at a loading rate of 3.2mM/h. The corresponding sulphide conversion and residence time were 76% and 5.6h, respectively. As expected from the high ratio of sulphide to nitrate loading rates (1.7-1.9 mM/h), no sulphate was formed in the continuous reactor. Using the experimental data the value of maximum specific growth rate, saturation constant, decay coefficient, maintenance coefficient and yield were determined to be 0.36 h(-1), 1.99 mM sulphide, 0.0014 h(-1), 0.078 mmol sulphide/mg ATPh and 0.018 mg ATP/mmol sulphide, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gadekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada S7N 5A9
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29
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Burke IT, Boothman C, Lloyd JR, Livens FR, Charnock JM, McBeth JM, Mortimer RJG, Morris K. Reoxidation behavior of technetium, iron, and sulfur in estuarine sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:3529-35. [PMID: 16786690 DOI: 10.1021/es052184t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Technetium is a redox active radionuclide, which is present as a contaminant at a number of sites where nuclear fuel cycle operations have been carried out. Recent studies suggest that Tc(VII), which is soluble under oxic conditions, will be retained in sediments as Fe(III)-reducing conditions develop, due to reductive scavenging as hydrous TcO2. However, the behavior of technetium during subsequent reoxidation of sediments remains poorly characterized. Here, we describe a microcosm-based approach to investigate the reoxidation behavior of reduced, technetium-contaminated sediments. In reoxidation experiments, the behavior of Tc was strongly dependent on the nature of the oxidant. With air, reoxidation of Fe(II) and, in sulfate-reducing sediments, sulfide occurred accompanied by approximately 50% remobilization of Tc to solution as TcO4-. With nitrate, reoxidation of Fe(II) and, in sulfate-reducing sediments, sulfide only occurred in microbially active experiments where Fe(II) and sulfide oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction was occurring. Here, Tc was recalcitrant to remobilization with <10% Tc remobilized to solution even when extensive Fe(II) and sulfide reoxidation had occurred. X-ray absorption spectroscopy on reoxidized sediments suggested that 15-50% of Tc bound to sediments was present as Tc(VII). Overall, these results suggest that Tc reoxidation behavior is not directly coupled to Fe or S oxidation and that the extent of Tc remobilization is dependent on the nature of the oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Burke
- Institute of Geological Sciences, School of Earth & Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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30
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Cytryn E, van Rijn J, Schramm A, Gieseke A, de Beer D, Minz D. Identification of bacteria potentially responsible for oxic and anoxic sulfide oxidation in biofilters of a recirculating mariculture system. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:6134-41. [PMID: 16204531 PMCID: PMC1265953 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.10.6134-6141.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria presumably involved in oxygen- or nitrate-dependent sulfide oxidation in the biofilters of a recirculating marine aquaculture system were identified using a new application of reverse transcription-PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis termed differential-transcription (DT)-DGGE. Biofilter samples were incubated in various concentrations of sulfide or thiosulfate (0 to 5 mM) with either oxygen or nitrate as the sole electron acceptor. Before and after short-term incubations (10 to 20 h), total DNA and RNA were extracted, and a 550-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA genes was PCR amplified either directly or after reverse transcription. DGGE analysis of DNA showed no significant change of the original microbial consortia upon incubation. In contrast, DGGE of cDNA revealed several phylotypes whose relative band intensities markedly increased or decreased in response to certain incubation conditions, indicating enhanced or suppressed rRNA transcription and thus implying metabolic activity under these conditions. Specifically, species of the gammaproteobacterial genus Thiomicrospira and phylotypes related to symbiotic sulfide oxidizers could be linked to oxygen-dependent sulfide oxidation, while members of the Rhodobacteraceae (genera Roseobacter, Rhodobacter, and Rhodobium) were putatively active in anoxic, nitrate-dependent sulfide oxidation. For all these organisms, the physiology of their closest cultured relatives matches their DT-DGGE-inferred function. In addition, higher band intensities following exposure to 5 mM sulfide and nitrate were observed for Thauera-, Hydrogenophaga-, and Dethiosulfovibrio-like phylotypes. For these genera, nitrate-dependent sulfide oxidation has not been documented previously and therefore DT-DGGE might indicate a higher relative tolerance to high sulfide concentrations than that of other community members. We anticipate that DT-DGGE will be of general use in tracing functionally equivalent yet phylogenetically diverse microbial populations in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Cytryn
- Institute of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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