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Deng W, Takada Y, Nanasato Y, Kishida K, Stari L, Ohtsubo Y, Tabei Y, Watanabe M, Nagata Y. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing bacterial γ-hexachlorocyclohexane dehydrochlorinase LinA. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:42. [PMID: 38898480 PMCID: PMC11186250 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), an organochlorine insecticide of anthropogenic origin, is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) that causes environmental pollution concerns worldwide. Although many γ-HCH-degrading bacterial strains are available, inoculating them directly into γ-HCH-contaminated soil is ineffective because of the low survival rate of the exogenous bacteria. Another strategy for the bioremediation of γ-HCH involves the use of transgenic plants expressing bacterial enzyme for γ-HCH degradation through phytoremediation. RESULTS We generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana expressing γ-HCH dehydrochlroninase LinA from bacterium Sphingobium japonicum strain UT26. Among the transgenic Arabidopsis T2 lines, we obtained one line (A5) that expressed and accumulated LinA well. The A5-derived T3 plants showed higher tolerance to γ-HCH than the non-transformant control plants, indicating that γ-HCH is toxic for Arabidopsis thaliana and that this effect is relieved by LinA expression. The crude extract of the A5 plants showed γ-HCH degradation activity, and metabolites of γ-HCH produced by the LinA reaction were detected in the assay solution, indicating that the A5 plants accumulated the active LinA protein. In some A5 lines, the whole plant absorbed and degraded more than 99% of γ-HCH (10 ppm) in the liquid medium within 36 h. CONCLUSION The transgenic Arabidopsis expressing active LinA absorbed and degraded γ-HCH in the liquid medium, indicating the high potential of LinA-expressing transgenic plants for the phytoremediation of environmental γ-HCH. This study marks a crucial step toward the practical use of transgenic plants for the phytoremediation of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Deng
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Takada
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Nanasato
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization (FRMO), 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan
| | - Kouhei Kishida
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Leonardo Stari
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ohtsubo
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tabei
- Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-Machi, Ora-Gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Masao Watanabe
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagata
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
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An D, Sun J, Ma J, Xing X, Tang Z. Organic ultraviolet absorbents in soils and typical plants from an industrial metropolis in China: Concentrations, profiles and environmental implications. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:140242. [PMID: 37739135 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence of the toxicity of organic ultraviolet absorbers (OUVAs); however, limited information is available regarding the presence of OUVAs in terrestrial environments and organisms. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of 11 OUVAs in soils and typical plant species from an industrial metropolis in China. Total OUVA concentrations in soils ranged from 1.30 to 80.3 ng g-1 DW. Based on comparison with previously reported data, OUVA contamination in soil was not severe. Benzophenone and octocrylene were the dominant OUVAs in soils, with median contributions to total concentrations of 25% and 15%, respectively. Source assessment revealed that the observed OUVA contamination primarily originated from industrial activities and the use of personal care products. The concentration of 11 OUVAs in plants ranged from 159 to 4470 ng g-1 DW, at high levels. Our findings imply that great attention should be given to the presence of these chemicals in plants because of the risk they could pose as well as the potential for biomagnification as plants are eaten by insects and birds. Our results also indicate the necessity to further study the geochemical behavior of these chemicals in urban ecosystems in order to better manage the harmfulness to terrestrial ecological health caused by their exposure through the food chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di An
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jiazheng Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Jiayi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiangyang Xing
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Lyu Y, Li G, He Y, Li Y, Tang Z. Occurrence and distribution of organic ultraviolet absorbents in soils and plants from a typical industrial area in South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157383. [PMID: 35843326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic ultraviolet absorbents (UVAs) have attracted increasing concern due to their ubiquity, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. However, available information on their occurrence and transfer in terrestrial environment is still extremely insufficient. In this study, we investigated twelve UVAs in the soils and five terrestrial plant species from a typical industrial area in South China, and found their total concentrations were 5.87-76.1 (median 13.1) and 17.9-269 (median 82.9) ng/g dry weight, respectively. Homosalate was dominant in soils while benzophenone and octrizole were predominant in plants, likely due to their complex sources and bioaccumulation preferences. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were further evaluated based on the ratios of UVA concentrations in plants and soils. The observed BAFs of UVAs were compound and species-specific, and most of them were much >1.0, indicating the chemicals could be transferred from soils to plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of organic UVAs in field soil-plant systems, providing information that may improve our understanding of the bioaccumulability of these chemicals in terrestrial environment and the associated risks. More studies are needed to investigate the transfer and bioaccumulation of such chemicals in soils and terrestrial biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Guanghui Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yonghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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Akpinar A, Cansev A, Isleyen M. Effects of the lichen Peltigera canina on Cucurbita pepo spp. pepo grown in soil contaminated by DDTs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:14576-14585. [PMID: 33211293 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lichens consisting of a symbiotic association of green algae or cyanobacteria and fungi are found in a variety of environmental conditions worldwide. Terricolous lichens, located in soils, affect the living and lifeless environment of the soil due to their effective secondary metabolite and enzymatic content. Terricolous lichens can increase the biological, chemical, and physical usefulness of soil. However, their effects in ensuring the bioavailability of contaminated soil are not known, especially on soil pollution caused by DDTs (p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT). This research focuses on the effect of terricolous lichens on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo spp. pepo) grown in soil contaminated by DDTs, utilizing their secondary metabolite and enzymatic contents. Firstly, Peltigera canina, a terricolous lichen species, was added to soil contaminated by DDTs as powdered and intact thallus. After lichen addition to soil, zucchini was planted in. The oxidative stress and antioxidative enzyme activities of zucchini were measured. According to the results, P. canina treatments have a positive effect on the growth and development of zucchini, although oxidative stress was observed. Also, it was determined that powdered application had more effective results than intact thallus application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Akpinar
- Vocational School of Higher Education, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Asuman Cansev
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Isleyen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bursa Technical University, 16130, Bursa, Turkey
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Inui H, Katte N, Goto J, Iwabuchi A. High temperatures promote the uptake of hydrophobic pollutants by Cucurbita pepo via altered gene expression levels of major latex-like proteins. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2020; 45:75-80. [PMID: 32508513 PMCID: PMC7251200 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d19-065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbitaceae family members are accumulators of hydrophobic pollutants. Such pollutants have been detected in cucurbits at levels above the maximum residue limit. Since major latex-like proteins (MLPs) are involved in hydrophobic pollutant uptake, changes in MLP expression can increase or decrease contamination. MLP expression levels were altered in the roots of Cucurbita pepo 'Magda,' and MLP-PG1 was detected in the xylem sap of Magda when cultivated at a high temperature (35°C). Day length also influenced MLP expression levels but only induced minor changes in the amount of MLPs. The concentration of pyrene, a hydrophobic pollutant, significantly increased with increasing MLP levels in the xylem sap of Magda when cultivated at 35°C. Thus, high temperatures promote the pollution of cucurbits by hydrophobic pollutants. These results can be used to develop novel techniques to reduce crop contamination and establish efficient phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Inui
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
| | - Nonoka Katte
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
| | - Junya Goto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
| | - Aya Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
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Mitton FM, Gonzalez M, Monserrat JM, Miglioranza KSB. DDTs-induced antioxidant responses in plants and their influence on phytoremediation process. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:151-156. [PMID: 28841531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a low cost technology based on the use of plants to remove a wide range of pollutants from the environment, including the insecticide DDT. However, some pollutants are known to enhance generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can generate toxic effects on plants affecting the phytoremediation efficiency. This study aims to analyze the potential use of antioxidant responses as a measure of tolerance to select plants for phytoremediation purposes. Tomato and zucchini plants were grown for 15 days in soils contaminated with DDTs (DDT + DDE + DDD). Protein content, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in plant tissues. Exposure to DDTs did not affect protein content or CAT activity in any of the species. GST, GR and GPx activity showed different responses in exposed and control tomato plants. After DDTs exposure, tomato showed increased GR and GPX activity in stems and leaves, respectively, and a decrease in the GST activity in roots. As no effects were observed in zucchini, results suggest different susceptibility and/or defense mechanisms involved after pesticide exposure. Finally, both species differed also in terms of DDTs uptake and translocation. The knowledge about antioxidant responses induced by pesticides exposure could be helpful for planning phytoremediation strategies and for the selection of tolerant species according to particular scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Mitton
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Dean Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Dean Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - José M Monserrat
- Universidade Federal de Rio Grande - FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Campus Carreiros Cx. Postal 474, Av. Itália km 8 s/n (96200-970), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - Karina S B Miglioranza
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Dean Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
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7
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Nanasato Y, Namiki S, Oshima M, Moriuchi R, Konagaya KI, Seike N, Otani T, Nagata Y, Tsuda M, Tabei Y. Biodegradation of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane by transgenic hairy root cultures of Cucurbita moschata that accumulate recombinant bacterial LinA. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1963-1974. [PMID: 27295266 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
γ-HCH was successfully degraded using LinA-expressed transgenic hairy root cultures of Cucurbita moschata . Fusing an endoplasmic reticulum-targeting signal peptide to LinA was essential for stable accumulation in the hairy roots. The pesticide γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) that raises public health and environmental pollution concerns worldwide. Although several isolates of γ-HCH-degrading bacteria are available, inoculating them directly into γ-HCH-contaminated soil is ineffective because of the bacterial survival rate. Cucurbita species incorporate significant amounts of POPs from soils compared with other plant species. Here, we describe a novel bioremediation strategy that combines the bacterial degradation of γ-HCH and the efficient uptake of γ-HCH by Cucurbita species. We produced transgenic hairy root cultures of Cucurbita moschata that expressed recombinant bacterial linA, isolated from the bacterium Sphingobium japonicum UT26. The LinA protein was accumulated stably in the hairy root cultures by fusing an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeting signal peptide to LinA. Then, we demonstrated that the cultures degraded more than 90 % of γ-HCH (1 ppm) overnight and produced the γ-HCH metabolite 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, indicating that LinA degraded γ-HCH. These results indicate that the gene linA has high potential for phytoremediation of environmental γ-HCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Nanasato
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan.
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan.
| | - Sayuri Namiki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
- Organochemicals Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Masao Oshima
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Ryota Moriuchi
- Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Konagaya
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Seike
- Organochemicals Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Takashi Otani
- Organochemicals Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagata
- Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuda
- Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tabei
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan.
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Dai S, Wong CS, Qiu J, Wang M, Chai T, Fan L, Yang S. Enantioselective accumulation of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls in lotus plant (Nelumbonucifera spp.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 280:612-618. [PMID: 25218260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective accumulation of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 91, 95, 136, 149, 176 and 183 was investigated in lotus plants (Nelumbonucifera spp.) exposed to these chemicals via spiked sediment, to determine uptake and possible biotransformation for aquatic phytoremediation purposes. The concentrations of most PCBs were greatest in roots at 60 d (19.6 ± 1.51-70.6 ± 6.14 μg kg(-1)), but were greatest in stems and leaves at 120 d (25.3 ± 6.14-95.5 ± 19.4 μg kg(-1) and 17.4 ± 4.41-70.4 ± 10.4 μg kg(-1), respectively). Total amounts were greatest at 120 d and significantly higher in roots than those in stems and in leaves (1,457 ± 220-5,852 ± 735 ng, 237 ± 47.1-902 ± 184 ng and 202 ± 60.3-802 ± 90.2 ng, respectively), but represented less than 0.51% of the total mass of PCBs added to sediments, indicating that lotus plants were unlikely to remove appreciable amounts of PCBs from contaminated sediments. Racemic PCB residues in sediment indicate no enantioselective biodegradation by sedimentary microbial consortia over the entire experiment. Preferential accumulation of the (-)-enantiomers of PCBs 91, 95 and 136 were observed in roots, stems and leaves, but non-enantioselective accumulation was observed for PCBs 149, 176 and 183. These results indicate that aquatic plants can accumulate PCBs enantioselectively via root uptake, possibly by biotransformation within plant tissues as observed for terrestrial plants. This is also the first report to identify optical rotation of the atropisomers of PCBs 91 and 95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhui Dai
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Charles S Wong
- Richardson College for the Environment, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tingting Chai
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li Fan
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
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Eggen T, Heimstad ES, Stuanes AO, Norli HR. Uptake and translocation of organophosphates and other emerging contaminants in food and forage crops. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:4520-31. [PMID: 23250727 PMCID: PMC3695667 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants in wastewater and sewage sludge spread on agricultural soil can be transferred to the human food web directly by uptake into food crops or indirectly following uptake into forage crops. This study determined uptake and translocation of the organophosphates tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) (log Kow 2.59), triethyl-chloro-phosphate (TCEP) (log Kow 1.44), tributyl phosphate (TBP) (log Kow 4.0), the insect repellent N,N-diethyl toluamide (DEET) (log Kow 2.18) and the plasticiser N-butyl benzenesulfonamide (NBBS) (log Kow 2.31) in barley, wheat, oilseed rape, meadow fescue and four cultivars of carrot. All species were grown in pots of agricultural soil, freshly amended contaminants in the range of 0.6-1.0 mg/kg dry weight, in the greenhouse. The bioconcentration factors for root (RCF), leaf (LCF) and seed (SCF) were calculated as plant concentration in root, leaf or seed over measured initial soil concentration, both in dry weight. The chlorinated flame retardants (TCEP and TCPP) displayed the highest bioconcentration factors for leaf and seed but did not show the same pattern for all crop species tested. For TCEP, which has been phased out due to toxicity but is still found in sewage sludge and wastewater, LCF was 3.9 in meadow fescue and 42.3 in carrot. For TCPP, which has replaced TCEP in many products and also occurs in higher residual levels in sewage sludge and wastewater, LCF was high for meadow fescue and carrot (25.9 and 17.5, respectively). For the four cultivars of carrot tested, the RCF range for TCPP and TCEP was 10-20 and 1.7-4.6, respectively. TCPP was detected in all three types of seeds tested (SCF, 0.015-0.110). Despite that DEET and NBBS have log Kow in same range as TCPP and TCEP, generally lower bioconcentration factors were measured. Based on the high translocation of TCPP and TCEP to leaves, especially TCPP, into meadow fescue (a forage crop for livestock animals), ongoing risk assessments should be conducted to investigate the potential effects of these compounds in the food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Eggen
- Bioforsk, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Postveien 213, 4353 Klepp St., Norway.
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Isleyen M, Sevim P, Hawthorne J, Berger W, White JC. Inheritance profile of weathered chlordane and p,p'-DDTs accumulation by Cucurbita pepo hybrids. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2013; 15:861-876. [PMID: 23819281 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2012.760519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbita pepo ssp pepo (zucchini) accumulates significant levels of persistent organic pollutants in its roots, followed by unexpectedly high contaminant translocation to the stems. Most other plant species, including the closely related C. pepo ssp ovifera (squash), do not have this ability. To investigate the mechanism of contaminant accumulation, two cultivars each of parental zucchini and squash, as well as previously created first filial (F1) hybrids and F1 backcrosses (BC) of those parental cultivars, were grown under field conditions in a soil contaminated with weathered chlordane (2.29 microg/g) and DDX residues (0.30 microg/g; sum of DDT, DDE, DDD). The parental zucchini had stem-to-soil bioconcentration factors (BCF, contaminant ratio of stem to soil) for chlordane and DDX of 6.23 and 3.10; these values were 2.2 and 3.7 times greater than the squash, respectively. Chlordane and DDX translocation factors, the ratio of contaminant content in the stems to that in the root, were 2.1 and 3.2 times greater for zucchini than for squash. The parental zucchini and squash also differed significantly in chlordane component ratios (relative amounts of trans-nonachlor [TN], cis-chlordane [CC], trans-chlordane [TC]) and enantiomer fractions for the chiral CC and TC. Hybridization of the parental squash and zucchini resulted in significant differences in contaminant uptake. For both the three separate component ratios (CR) and two sets of enantiomer fraction (EF) values, subspecies specific differences in the parental generation became statistically equivalent in the F1 hybrid zucchini and squash. When backcrossed (BC) with the original parental plants, the zucchini and squash F1 BC cultivars reverted to the statistically distinct CR and EF patterns. This pattern of trait segregation upon hybridization suggests either single gene or single locus control for persistent organic pollutant (POP) uptake ability by C. pepo ssp pepo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Isleyen
- Sakarya University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Esentepe Campus, Sakarya, Turkey.
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De La Torre-Roche R, Hawthorne J, Deng Y, Xing B, Cai W, Newman LA, Wang Q, Ma X, Hamdi H, White JC. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes and c60 fullerenes differentially impact the accumulation of weathered pesticides in four agricultural plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:12539-47. [PMID: 24079803 DOI: 10.1021/es4034809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) or C60 fullerenes on the uptake of weathered chlordane or DDx (DDT + metabolites) by Cucurbita pepo (zucchini), Zea mays (corn), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), and Glycine max (soybean) was investigated. The plants were grown in 50 g of soil with weathered chlordane (2150 ng/g) and DDx (118 ng/g) that was amended with 0, 500, 1000, or 5000 mg/kg MWCNT or C60. After 28 d, the root and shoot content of chlordane components and DDx was determined by GC-MS. Zucchini and tomato growth were unaffected by carbon nanomaterial coexposure, although C60 at 500 mg/kg reduced corn and soybean biomass by 36.5-45.0%. Total chlordane content ranged from 1490 (tomato) to 4780 (zucchini) ng; DDx amounts ranged from 77.8 (corn) to 395 ng (zucchini). MWCNT coexposure decreased chlordane and DDx accumulation 21-80% across all crops, depending on species and nanotube concentration. Conversely, C60 had species- and contaminant-specific effects on pesticide uptake, ranging from complete suppression of DDx uptake (corn/tomato) to 34.9% increases in chlordane accumulation (tomato/soybean). The data show that pesticide accumulation varies greatly with crop species and carbon nanomaterial type/concentration. These findings have implications for food safety and for the use of engineered nanomaterials in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De La Torre-Roche
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station , 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
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Isleyen M, Sevim P, White JC. Accumulation of weathered p,p'-DDTs in hybridized Cucurbita pepo cultivars. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:1699-1704. [PMID: 22610730 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbita pepo spp pepo (zucchini) is known as an exceptional weathered dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) accumulator, whereas Cucurbita pepo ssp ovifera (squash) is termed a nonaccumulator. Experiments were conducted with hybridized zucchini and squash to assess the inheritance pattern of DDX (the sum of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [p,p'-DDT], p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane [p,p'-DDD], and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [p,p'-DDE]) accumulation potential in xylem sap and tissues of parental, F1 hybrids, and F1 backcross (BC) generations of plants. Plants were grown in pots containing soil with weathered DDX at 732 to 1,130 ng/g soil or under field conditions in soil with 322 to 2,700 ng/g. The DDX stem bioconcentration factors and xylem sap values showed differences between parental and hybridized plants of squash and zucchini. For squash grown in greenhouse conditions, the DDX flow rate in the xylem sap was 17.3, 121, and 40.8 ng/h in parental, F1 hybrids, and F1 BC plants, respectively. Similarly, the stem DDX content of parental, F1, and F1 BC squash was 11, 253, and 96 ng/g (dry wt), respectively. A similar inheritance pattern for squash was observed when the plants were grown under field conditions. The DDX flow rates in the xylem sap of pot-grown parental, F1, and F1 BC zucchini cultivars were 100, 8.5, and 26 ng/hr, respectively, and the stem DDX content was 191, 102, and 142 ng/g, respectively. Again, similar trends in accumulation potential were observed for hybridized zucchini grown under field conditions. The DDX concentrations in parental plants matched the expected pattern, with hybrids midway between the two species, and the backcross being more like the parent again for both species. This inheritance pattern of contaminant accumulation and translocation ability follows classical Mendelian segregation and suggests single-gene or single-locus control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Isleyen
- Sakarya University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Sakarya, Turkey.
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Isleyen M, Sevim P. Accumulation of weathered pp'-DDE in xylem sap of grafted watermelon. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2012; 14:403-414. [PMID: 22567720 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2011.620655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Movement of weathered p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p'-DDE) from contaminated soil to the rhizosphere pore water to the xylem sap of grafted watermelon was studied under green house conditions. p,p'-DDE concentrations in pore water and xylem sap was compared in intact plants, homografted, and compatible heterografts of Cucurbita pepo spp. pepo and Citrullus lanatus plants. An average p,p'-DDE concentrations in pore water of contaminated soil ranged from 0.36 microg/L to 0.55 microg/L and there were no statistically significant among the cultivars. Conversely, the xylem sap p,p'-DDE concentration of heterografted watermelon having a zucchini rootstock and watermelon scion was 71 microg/L and it was greater than intact watermelon plants (0.49 microg/L) but less than that of intact plants of zucchini (141 microg/L). Homografting showed no effect on xylem sap p,p'-DDE concentrations of the identical cultivars. The bio-concentration factors (BCFs) which is an average p,p'-DDE concentration in xylem sap over average p,p'-DDE in pore water were 344, 325, 197, 1.28, and 0.89 for intact plant of zucchini, homografted zucchini, heterografted watermelon, homografted watermelon, and intact plant of watermelon, respectively. Xylem sap p,p'-DDE concentrations of the heterografted watermelon plants were clearly influenced by plant phylogeny and enhanced by the zucchini rootstock compared to intact watermelon plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Isleyen
- Sakarya University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Sakarya, Turkey.
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Calderón-Preciado D, Renault Q, Matamoros V, Cañameras N, Bayona JM. Uptake of organic emergent contaminants in spath and lettuce: an in vitro experiment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:2000-7. [PMID: 22293031 DOI: 10.1021/jf2046224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although a myriad of organic microcontaminants may occur in irrigation waters, little attention has been paid to their incorporation in crops. In this work, a systematic approach to assess the final fate of both ionizable and neutral organic contaminants taken up by plants is described. In vitro uptake of triclosan (TCS), hydrocinnamic acid (HCA), tonalide (TON), ibuprofen (IBF), naproxen (NPX), and clofibric acid (CFA) were studied in lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L) and spath ( Spathiphyllum spp.) as model plants. After 30 days incubation, analyte depletion from the culture medium was 85-99% (lettuce) and 51-81% (spath). HCA, NPX, and CFA exhibited the highest depletion rate in both plant species. Lettuce plant tissue analysis revealed an accumulation of all compounds except for HCA. These compounds reached a peak in tissue concentration followed by a sudden drop, probably due to the plant detoxification system and analyte depletion from the culture medium. Kinetic characterization of the uptake and detoxification processes was fitted to a pseudo-first-order rate. Compounds with a carboxylic group in their structure exhibited higher uptake rates, possibly due to the contribution of an ion trap effect. Molecular weight and log K(ow) played a direct role in uptake in lettuce, as proven by the significant correlation of both properties to depletion and by the correlation of molecular weight to kinetic uptake rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Calderón-Preciado
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
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Isleyen M, Sevim P, White JC. Accumulation of weathered p,p'-DDTs in grafted watermelon. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1113-1121. [PMID: 22224752 DOI: 10.1021/jf204150s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The grafting of melon plants onto cucurbit rootstocks is a common commercial practice in many parts of the world. However, certain cucurbits have been shown to accumulate large quantities of weathered persistent organic pollutants from the soil, and the potential contamination of grafted produce has not been thoroughly evaluated. Large pot and field experiments were conducted to assess the effect of grafting on accumulation of weathered DDX (the sum of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDE) from soils. Intact squash (Cucurbita maxima × moschata) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), their homografts, and compatible heterografts were grown in pots containing soil with weathered DDX at 1480-1760 ng/g soil or under field conditions in soil at 150-300 ng/g DDX. Movement of DDX through the soil-plant system was investigated by determining contaminant levels in the bulk soil and in the xylem sap, roots, stems, leaves, and fruit of the grafted and nongrafted plants. In all plants, the highest DDX concentrations were detected in the roots, followed by decreasing amounts in the stems, leaves, and fruit. Dry weight concentrations of DDX in the roots ranged from 7900 ng/g (intact watermelon) to 30100 ng/g (heterografted watermelon) in the pot study and from 650 ng/g (intact watermelon) to 2430 ng/g (homografted squash) in the field experiment. Grafting watermelon onto squash rootstock significantly increased contaminant uptake into the melon shoot system. In the pot and field studies, the highest stem DDX content was measured in heterografted watermelon at 1220 and 244 ng/g, respectively; these values are 140 and 19 times greater than contaminant concentrations in the intact watermelon, respectively. The xylem sap DDX concentrations of pot-grown plants were greatest in the heterografted watermelon (6.10 μg/L). The DDX contents of the leaves and fruit of watermelon heterografts were 3-12 and 0.53-8.25 ng/g, respectively, indicating that although the heterografted watermelon accumulated greater pollutant levels, the resulting contamination is not likely a food safety concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Isleyen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
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Greenwood SJ, Rutter A, Zeeb BA. The absorption and translocation of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners by Cucurbita pepo ssp pepo. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:6511-6516. [PMID: 21696136 DOI: 10.1021/es200598u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The mobility of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners within Cucurbita pepo ssp pepo cv. Howden (pumpkin), a PCB phytoextracting plant, was investigated through a comparison of field-weathered soil, root, shoot, and xylem sap congener profiles. This is the first study to show the presence of PCBs in xylem sap (range: 0.03-0.18 μg·mL(-1)), confirming that PCB translocation throughout the plant occurs via this medium. A comparison of soil (5.2 ± 2.5 μg·g(-1)), root (27.1 ± 2.1 μg·g(-1)), shoot (range: 1.9 ± 0.5 μg·g(-1) - 8.2 ± 1.4 μg·g(-1)), and xylem sap (0.09 ± 0.04 μg·g(-1)) samples showed significant differences in congener profiles, with lower chlorinated congeners (predominately trichlorinated ones) found within xylem sap in higher amounts than higher chlorinated congeners. The total PCB concentrations of xylem sap samples collected at various lengths along the primary plant shoot were not significantly different from each other, while those of primary shoot tissue samples significantly decreased (two-sample t test, p = 0.01) as the distance from the plant base increased. PCA analysis of individual congeners in the roots, shoots and xylem sap indicated that movement of the PCB congeners in the plant was affected by the number of chlorines in the molecule, and hence possibly log K(ow) and molecular weight, but not by planarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Li Y, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Xie X. Fate of tetrabromobisphenol A and hexabromocyclododecane brominated flame retardants in soil and uptake by plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:204-209. [PMID: 21051070 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The fate of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane diastereomers (α-, β-, and γ-HBCD) and uptake by plants (cabbage and radish) was investigated. In a short-term (8 weeks) experiment, sorption to soil matrix resulted in 90% decline in recovery of these compounds in the experimental soil. However, nearly 50% of initial HBCDs recovered in mixed cabbage-radish treatments, which suggested that interspecific plant interactions might enhance the bioavailability of HBCDs. Although both plant species could uptake TBBPA and HBCDs, cabbage showed greater accumulating ability. Up to 3.5-10.0-fold higher HBCD concentrations were observed than TBBPA concentrations in all plant tissues, and the distribution of HBCDs in plant tissues was diastereomer-specific. The predominance of α-HBCD in shoot tissues for both species might be attributed to diastereomer-specific translocation of HBCDs, shift in diastereomer pattern and/or selective metabolization of γ-HBCD within plants. The results showed that strong sorption to soil particles reduced the potential of human exposure to BFRs in the soil. However, plants increased the exposure risk by uptaking these compounds and by enhancing their bioavailability. The results also provide insight into transport mechanisms of TBBPA and HBCD diastereomers in soil-plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Binhai College of Nankai University, Tianjin 300270, China
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Chhikara S, Paulose B, White JC, Dhankher OP. Understanding the physiological and molecular mechanism of persistent organic pollutant uptake and detoxification in cucurbit species (zucchini and squash). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:7295-7301. [PMID: 20507062 DOI: 10.1021/es100116t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbita pepo ssp pepo (zucchini) roots phytoextract significant amounts of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from soil, followed by effective translocation to aboveground tissues. The closely related C. pepo ssp ovifera (squash) does not have this ability. In a DDE-contaminated field soil, zucchini roots and stems contained 3.6 and 6.6-fold greater contaminant than did squash tissues, respectively, and zucchini phytoextracted 12-times more DDE from soil than squash. In batch hydroponics, squash was significantly more sensitive to DDE (2-20 mg/L) exposure; 4 mg/L DDE significantly reduced squash biomass (14%) whereas for zucchini, biomass reductions were observed at 20 mg/L (20%). PCR select Suppression Subtraction Hybridization was used to identify differentially expressed genes in DDE treated zucchini relative to DDE treated squash or non-treated zucchini. After differential screening to eliminate false positives, unique cDNA clones were sequenced. Out of 40 shoot cDNA sequences, 34 cDNAs have homology to parts of phloem filament protein 1 (PP1). Out of 6 cDNAs from the root tissue, two cDNAs are similar to cytochrome P450 like proteins, and one cDNA matches a putative senescence associated protein. From the DDE exposed zucchini seedlings cDNA library, out of 22 differentially expressed genes, 14 cDNAs were found to have homology with genes involved in abiotic stresses, signaling, lipid metabolism, and photosynthesis. A large number of cDNA sequences were found to encode novel unknown proteins that may be involved in uncharacterized pathways of DDE metabolism in plants. A semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of isolated genes confirmed up-regulation in response to DDE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudesh Chhikara
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, USA
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White JC. Inheritance of p,p'-DDE phytoextraction ability in hybridized Cucurbita pepo cultivars. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:5165-5169. [PMID: 20507162 DOI: 10.1021/es100706t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbita pepo ssp pepo (zucchini) has been shown to uniquely phytoextract percent level amounts of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and other organic contaminants from soil. Since C. pepo ssp ovifera (squash) does not have this ability, a three-year field trial was conducted to follow the inheritance pattern of DDE accumulation for cross pollinated C. pepo cultivars. Parental zucchini and squash cultivars (3 each) had stem-to-soil bioconcentration factors (BCF, contaminant ratio of stem to soil) of 16 and 1.7, respectively, and phytoextracted 1.8 and 0.18% of the DDE from soil. The 18 possible first filial (F1) hybrids of zucchini and squash accumulated significantly different DDE levels than the respective parents. The zucchini F1 hybrid (zucchini pollinated with squash) stem BCFs and percent phytoextraction values were 10 and 0.96, respectively, or 36% and 47% less than the parental zucchini. The squash F1 hybrid (squash pollinated with zucchini) stem BCFs and percent phytoextraction values were 8.3 and 0.68, respectively, or 490% and 370% greater than the parental squash. When backcrossed (BC) with the original parent, the nine zucchini F1 BC cultivars did not regain the capability to take up DDE; stem BCFs and percent phytoextraction values were equivalent to those of the F1 generation. However, the nine squash F1 BC cultivars lost much of the DDE uptake capability of the F1 generation; stem BCFs and percent phytoextraction values were intermediate but closer to those of the parental squash. The inheritance patterns suggest single locus control for persistent organic pollutant (POP) uptake ability in C. pepo ssp pepo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, USA.
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Whitfield Aslund ML, Lunney AI, Rutter A, Zeeb BA. Effects of amendments on the uptake and distribution of DDT in Cucurbita pepo ssp pepo plants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:508-513. [PMID: 19762136 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of soil amendments on the phytoextraction of summation operatorDDT (DDT + DDD + DDE) from soil ([ summation operatorDDT] approximately 1500 ng/g) by a pumpkin variety of Cucurbita pepo ssp pepo were tested and the patterns of summation operatorDDT storage throughout the plant shoot were examined. The soil amendments did not increase the total amount of summation operatorDDT extracted into plant shoots, but new information about summation operatorDDT distribution in the plants was obtained. As observed previously, the summation operatorDDT concentration in plant leaves (mean 290 ng/g) was significantly lower than in plant stems (mean 2600 ng/g). Further analysis revealed that summation operatorDDT composition was consistent throughout the plant shoot and that summation operatorDDT concentration in leaves and stems decreased exponentially as distance from the root increased, which was previously unknown. This new information about the patterns of summation operatorDDT uptake and translocation within pumpkin plants highlights the need for appropriate plant sampling strategies in future POPs phytoextraction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Whitfield Aslund
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada, K7K 7B4
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Murano H, Otani T, Seike N, Sakai M. Dieldrin uptake and translocation in plants growing in hydroponic medium. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2010; 29:142-148. [PMID: 20821429 DOI: 10.1002/etc.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
It has been known that the Cucurbitaceae family takes up a large amount of persistent organic pollutants from soils and that the translocation of those compounds in cucurbits is higher than those in non-cucurbits. To understand the persistent organic pollutant uptake mechanisms of plant species, we compared the dieldrin absorption and transportation potentials of several plants in hydroponic medium. Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Moench), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), soybean (Glycine max), komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. peruviridis), white-flowered gourd (Lagenaria siceraria var. hispida), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) were grown in a dieldrin-added hydroponic medium for 10 d, and then the amount of dieldrin in their shoots and roots was measured. All of the roots contained dieldrin, whereas only the cucurbits (white-flowered gourd, cucumber, and zucchini) contained considerable amounts of dieldrin in their shoots. The dieldrin uptake to the roots depended on the concentration of the n-hexane soluble components in the roots, regardless of whether the dieldrin in the roots was translocated to shoots or not. The dieldrin uptake from the solution to the roots was thought to be due to a passive response, such as adsorption on the roots. The translocation of dieldrin from the roots to the shoots was probably through the xylems. The amounts of dieldrin in the shoots per transpiration rates were higher for cucurbits than for non-cucurbits. It seems likely that cucurbits have uptake mechanisms for hydrophobic organic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotatsu Murano
- Organochemicals Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
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Low JE, Whitfield Aslund ML, Rutter A, Zeeb BA. Effect of plant age on PCB accumulation by Cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2010; 39:245-250. [PMID: 20048312 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2009.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) uptake and translocation from soil over time in pumpkin plants (Cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo cv. Howden). Plants were grown in weathered soil collected from a former industrial site contaminated with Aroclor 1248 (mean [PCB](soil) = 6.5 mg kg(-1)). Plants were harvested five times over 42 d and analyzed for total PCB concentration in the root and shoot tissues. The concentration of PCBs in the root was not significantly different between harvests (mean [PCB](root) = 21.5 mg kg(-1)). The concentration of PCBs in the shoots was also relatively stable over time (mean [PCB](shoot) = 3.5 mg kg(-1)) despite increases in shoot biomass (fresh weight of 4.3 g at Day 12 to 59 g at Day 42). This suggests that PCBs were continuously accumulated throughout the growth period. The trends found in this study indicate the optimal time to harvest C. pepo ssp pepo plants to maximize PCB phytoextraction is when the plant shoot has reached its maximum biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Low
- Dep. of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, PO Box 17000 Station Forces, Kingston, ON, Canada K7K 7B4
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Inui H, Wakai T, Gion K, Kim YS, Eun H. Differential uptake for dioxin-like compounds by zucchini subspecies. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 73:1602-7. [PMID: 18835616 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) cultivars 'Patty Green', 'Black Beauty', and 'Gold Rush' were cultivated on weathered dioxin-contaminated soil in pots, and concentrations of the 29 dioxin-like compounds that were assigned WHO-TEFs, three non-toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and two non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed. Toxic equivalent (TEQ) values accumulated in 'Black Beauty' and 'Gold Rush' were about 180 times higher than those in 'Patty Green'. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) based on total mass concentration of the twelve dioxin-like PCBs was higher than those of the seven PCDDs and ten PCDFs in all the cultivars. The BCFs for PCDD and PCDF congeners were negatively correlated with octanol-water partition coefficients in all the plants. No correlations were observed in PCB congeners in the high accumulators, although in 'Patty Green' the BCFs for PCB congeners were significantly correlated with octanol-water partition coefficients. Our findings suggest that the high accumulators had unknown, unique mechanisms for uptake of PCBs, whereas PCDDs and PCDFs were absorbed based on their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Inui
- Research Center for Environmental Genomics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
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Szentmihályi K, Then M. Examination of microelements in medicinal plants of the Carpathian basin. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2007. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.36.2007.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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White JC, Ross DW, Gent MPN, Eitzer BD, Mattina MI. Effect of mycorrhizal fungi on the phytoextraction of weathered p,p-DDE by Cucurbita pepo. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2006; 137:1750-7. [PMID: 16777321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to assess the impact of inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on the accumulation of weathered p,p'-DDE from soil by three cultivars of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo spp. pepo cv Costata Romanesco, Goldrush, Raven). Three commercially available mycorrhizal products (BioVam, Myco-Vam, INVAM) were inoculated into the root system of the zucchini seedlings at planting. In agreement with our previous findings, plants not inoculated with fungi accumulated large but variable amounts of contaminant, with root bioconcentration factors (BCFs, ratio of p,p'-DDE, on a dry weight basis, in the root to that in the soil) ranging from 10 to 48 and stem BCFs ranging from 5.5 to 11. The total amount of contaminant phytoextracted during the 62 day growing season ranged from 0.72-2.9%. The effect of fungal inoculation on the release of weathered p,p'-DDE from soil and on the subsequent uptake of the parent compound by zucchini appeared to vary at the cultivar level. For Goldrush, fungal inoculation generally decreased tissue BCFs but because of slightly larger biomass, did not significantly impact the percent contaminant phytoextracted. Alternatively, for Costata, BioVam and Myco-Vam generally enhanced p,p'-DDE accumulation from soil, and increased the amount of contaminant phytoextracted by up to 34%. For Raven, BioVam reduced contaminant uptake whereas Myco-Vam and INVAM increased contaminant phytoextraction by 53 and 60%, respectively. The data show that fungal inoculation may significantly increase the remedial potential of C. pepo ssp. pepo. The apparent cultivar specific response to mycorrhizal inoculation is unexpected and the subject of ongoing investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C White
- Department of Soil and Water, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06504, USA.
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