1
|
Hashemi SH, Kaykhaii M, Mirmoghaddam M, Boczkaj G. Preconcentration and Analytical Methods for Determination of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether and Other Fuel Oxygenates and Their Degradation Products in Environment: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:582-608. [PMID: 32312086 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1753164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fuel oxygenates (FOs) are mainly ethers or alcohols which are added to gasoline either to boost the octane number or to make the fuel burning process more "cleaner" with increasing the oxygen content, or to obtain a combination of both effects. FOs are water soluble with high mobility in the environment which presence even at very low concentrations lower the quality of water making it unsafe or unpleasant due to their objectionable taste and/or odor. Thus, their determination at trace in environmental samples is of high importance because of their sparingly biodegradability and their biological hazards. Instruments such as gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ion mobility spectrometry are mainly used for the determination of FOs. However, the main challenge for determination of such oxygenates relates to proper sample preparation. Dilute or complex samples often demand a specific treatment to ensure effective enrichment of FOs before their detection. The main techniques used for this purpose are purge and trap, membrane extraction, and solid phase microextraction. This review presents a comprehensive evaluation of extraction/preconcentration techniques and analytical methods for determination of FOs in environmental samples. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed in details along with critical evaluation of currently available methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Hossein Hashemi
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Massoud Kaykhaii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Majid Mirmoghaddam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
BenIsrael M, Wanner P, Aravena R, Parker BL, Haack EA, Tsao DT, Dunfield KE. Toluene biodegradation in the vadose zone of a poplar phytoremediation system identified using metagenomics and toluene-specific stable carbon isotope analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:60-69. [PMID: 30648419 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1523873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation is an important mechanism of action of phytoremediation systems, but performance evaluation is challenging. We applied metagenomic molecular approaches and compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis to assess biodegradation of toluene in the vadose zone at an urban pilot field system where hybrid poplars were planted to remediate legacy impacts to an underlying shallow fractured bedrock aquifer. Carbon isotope ratios were compared spatio-temporally between toluene dissolved in groundwater and in the vapor phase. Enrichment of 13C from toluene in the vapor phase compared to groundwater provided evidence for biodegradation in the vadose zone. Total bacterial abundance (16S rRNA) and abundance and expression of degradation genes were determined in rhizosphere soil (DNA and RNA) and roots (DNA) using quantitative PCR. Relative abundances of degraders in the rhizosphere were on average higher at greater depths, except for enrichment of PHE-encoding communities that more strongly followed patterns of toluene concentrations detected. Quantification of RMO and PHE gene transcripts supported observations of active aerobic toluene degradation. Finally, spatially-variable numbers of toluene degraders were detected in poplar roots. We present multiple lines of evidence for biodegradation in the vadose zone at this site, contributing to our understanding of mechanisms of action of the phytoremediation system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael BenIsrael
- a School of Environmental Sciences , University of Guelph , Guelph , Canada
| | - Philipp Wanner
- b G360 Institute for Groundwater Research , University of Guelph , Guelph , Canada
| | - Ramon Aravena
- b G360 Institute for Groundwater Research , University of Guelph , Guelph , Canada
- c Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Canada
| | - Beth L Parker
- b G360 Institute for Groundwater Research , University of Guelph , Guelph , Canada
| | | | - David T Tsao
- e BP Corporation North America Inc , Naperville , USA
| | - Kari E Dunfield
- a School of Environmental Sciences , University of Guelph , Guelph , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yoshikawa M, Zhang M, Toyota K. Biodegradation of Volatile Organic Compounds and Their Effects on Biodegradability under Co-Existing Conditions. Microbes Environ 2017; 32:188-200. [PMID: 28904262 PMCID: PMC5606688 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me16188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major pollutants that are found in contaminated sites, particularly in developed countries such as Japan. Various microorganisms that degrade individual VOCs have been reported, and genomic information related to their phylogenetic classification and VOC-degrading enzymes is available. However, the biodegradation of multiple VOCs remains a challenging issue. Practical sites, such as chemical factories, research facilities, and illegal dumping sites, are often contaminated with multiple VOCs. In order to investigate the potential of biodegrading multiple VOCs, we initially reviewed the biodegradation of individual VOCs. VOCs include chlorinated ethenes (tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride), BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene), and chlorinated methanes (carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and dichloromethane). We also summarized essential information on the biodegradation of each kind of VOC under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, together with the microorganisms that are involved in VOC-degrading pathways. Interactions among multiple VOCs were then discussed based on concrete examples. Under conditions in which multiple VOCs co-exist, the biodegradation of a VOC may be constrained, enhanced, and/or unaffected by other compounds. Co-metabolism may enhance the degradation of other VOCs. In contrast, constraints are imposed by the toxicity of co-existing VOCs and their by-products, catabolite repression, or competition between VOC-degrading enzymes. This review provides fundamental, but systematic information for designing strategies for the bioremediation of multiple VOCs, as well as information on the role of key microorganisms that degrade VOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Yoshikawa
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST).,Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Ming Zhang
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Koki Toyota
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brakstad OG, Daling PS, Faksness LG, Almås IK, Vang SH, Syslak L, Leirvik F. Depletion and biodegradation of hydrocarbons in dispersions and emulsions of the Macondo 252 oil generated in an oil-on-seawater mesocosm flume basin. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 84:125-134. [PMID: 24928454 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Physically and chemically (Corexit 9500) generated Macondo 252 oil dispersions, or emulsions (no Corexit), were prepared in an oil-on-seawater mesocosm flume basin at 30-32 °C, and studies of oil compound depletion performed for up to 15 days. The use of Corexit 9500 resulted in smaller median droplet size than in a physically generated dispersion. Rapid evaporation of low boiling point oil compounds (C⩽15) appeared in all the experiments. Biodegradation appeared to be an important depletion process for compounds with higher boiling points in the dispersions, but was negligible in the surface emulsions. While n-alkane biodegradation was faster in chemically than in physically dispersed oil no such differences were determined for 3- and 4-ring PAH compounds. In the oil dispersions prepared by Corexit 9500, increased cell concentrations, reduction in bacterial diversity, and a temporary abundance of bacteria containing an alkB gene were associated with oil biodegradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odd G Brakstad
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Environmental Technology, Dept. Applied Environmental Biology and Chemistry, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Per S Daling
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Environmental Technology, Dept. Applied Environmental Biology and Chemistry, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv-G Faksness
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Environmental Technology, Dept. Applied Environmental Biology and Chemistry, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Inger K Almås
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Environmental Technology, Dept. Applied Environmental Biology and Chemistry, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siv-H Vang
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Environmental Technology, Dept. Applied Environmental Biology and Chemistry, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Line Syslak
- The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frode Leirvik
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Environmental Technology, Dept. Applied Environmental Biology and Chemistry, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Key KC, Sublette KL, Johannes TW, Raes E, Sullivan E, Duba J, Ogles D, Baldwin BR, Biernacki A. An In Situ
Bioreactor for the Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Groundwater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/rem.21357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
6
|
Williams N, Hyland A, Mitchener R, Sublette K, Key KC, Davis G, Ogles D, Baldwin B, Biernacki A. Demonstrating the In Situ
Biodegradation Potential of Phenol Using Bio-Sep®
Bio-Traps®
and Stable Isotope Probing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/rem.21335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
7
|
Rosell M, Gonzalez-Olmos R, Rohwerder T, Rusevova K, Georgi A, Kopinke FD, Richnow HH. Critical evaluation of the 2D-CSIA scheme for distinguishing fuel oxygenate degradation reaction mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:4757-4766. [PMID: 22455373 DOI: 10.1021/es2036543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although the uniform initial hydroxylation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other oxygenates during aerobic biodegradation has already been proven by molecular tools, variations in carbon and hydrogen enrichment factors (ε(C) and ε(H)) have still been associated with different reaction mechanisms (McKelvie et al. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 2793-2799). Here, we present new laboratory-derived ε(C) and ε(H) data on the initial degradation mechanisms of MTBE, ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) by chemical oxidation (permanganate, Fenton reagents), acid hydrolysis, and aerobic bacteria cultures (species of Aquincola, Methylibium, Gordonia, Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Rhodococcus). Plotting of Δδ(2)H/ Δδ(13)C data from chemical oxidation and hydrolysis of ethers resulted in slopes (Λ values) of 22 ± 4 and between 6 and 12, respectively. With A. tertiaricarbonis L108, R. zopfii IFP 2005, and Gordonia sp. IFP 2009, ε(C) was low (<|-1|‰) and ε(H) was insignificant. Fractionation obtained with P. putida GPo1 was similar to acid hydrolysis and M. austroafricanum JOB5 and R. ruber DSM 7511 displayed Λ values previously only ascribed to anaerobic attack. The fractionation patterns rather correlate with the employment of different P450, AlkB, and other monooxygenases, likely catalyzing ether hydroxylation via different transition states. Our data questions the value of 2D-CSIA for a simple distinguishing of oxygenate biotransformation mechanisms, therefore caution and complementary tools are needed for proper interpretation of groundwater plumes at field sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Rosell
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lefevre GH, Novak PJ, Hozalski RM. Fate of naphthalene in laboratory-scale bioretention cells: implications for sustainable stormwater management. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:995-1002. [PMID: 22175538 DOI: 10.1021/es202266z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bioretention cells are increasingly popular in low-impact development as a means to sustainably mitigate the environmental problems associated with stormwater runoff. Yet, much remains to be known regarding the removal and ultimate fate of pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons in bioretention cells. In this work, laboratory-scale bioretention cells were constructed inside sealed glass columns. The columns were periodically spiked with (14)C-naphthalene over a 5-month period and the fate of this representative hydrocarbon and the influence of vegetation on naphthalene fate was studied. Three column setups were used: one planted with a legume (Purple Prairie Clover, Dalea purpureum), one planted with grass (Blue-Joint Grass, Calamagrostis canadensis), and one unplanted (i.e., control). Overall naphthalene removal efficiency was 93% for the planted columns and 78% for the control column. Adsorption to soil was the dominant naphthalene removal mechanism (56-73% of added naphthalene), although mineralization (12-18%) and plant uptake (2-23%) were also important. Volatilization was negligible (<0.04%). Significant enrichment of naphthalene-degrading bacteria occurred due to contaminant exposure and plant growth as evidenced by increased biodegradation activity and increased naphthalene dioxygenase gene concentrations in the bioretention media. This research suggests that bioretention is a viable solution for sustainable petroleum hydrocarbon removal from stormwater, and that vegetation can enhance overall performance and stimulate biodegradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory H Lefevre
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stalker L, Noble R, Pejcic B, Leybourne M, Hortle A, Michael K, Dixon T, Basava-Reddi L. Feasibility of Monitoring Techniques for Substances Mobilised by CO2 Storage in Geological Formations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2012.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|