1
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Ng SIM, Chan MN. Beyond the formation: unveiling the atmospheric transformation of organosulfates via heterogeneous OH oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13919-13938. [PMID: 37933441 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03700b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfates (OSs), characterized with a sulfate ester group (R-OSO3-), are abundant constituents in secondary organic aerosols. Recent laboratory-based investigations have revealed that OSs can undergo efficient chemical transformation through heterogeneous oxidation by hydroxyl radicals (˙OH, interchangeably termed as OH in this article), which freshly derives functionalized and fragmented OSs. The reaction not only contributes to the presence of structurally transformed OSs in the atmosphere of which sources were unidentified, but it also leads to the formation of inorganic sulfates (e.g., SO42-) with profound implication on the form of aerosol sulfur. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the heterogeneous OH oxidation of OSs based on state-of-the-art designs of experiments, computational approaches, and chemical analytical techniques. Here, we discuss the formation potential of new OSs and SO42-, in light of the influence of diverse OS structures on the relative importance of different reaction pathways. We propose future research directions to advance our mechanistic understanding of these reactions, taking into account aerosol matrix effects, interactions with other atmospheric pollutants, and the incorporation of experimental findings into atmospheric chemical transport models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze In Madeleine Ng
- Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Man Nin Chan
- Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- The Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Fu M, Li H, Wang L, Tian M, Qin X, Zou X, Chen C, Wang G, Deng C, Huang K. Atmospheric saccharides over the East China Sea: Assessment of the contribution of sea-land emission and the aging of levoglucosan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165328. [PMID: 37423276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A one-year observation of aerosols on a remote island was conducted and saccharides were applied to reveal the behaviors of organic aerosol in the East China Sea (ECS). The seasonal fluctuations of total saccharides were relatively small, with annual mean concentration of 64.82 ± 26.88 ng/m3, contributing 10.20 % and 4.90 % to WSOC and OC, respectively. However, the individual species showed significant seasonal variations due to the differences in both the emission sources and the influencing factors between marine and terrestrial areas. Anhydrosugars was the highest species and showed little diurnal variation in air mass from land areas. Primary sugars and primary sugar alcohols showed higher concentrations in blooming spring and summer and were higher in daytime than nighttime due to intense biogenic emissions both in marine and mainland areas. Accordingly, secondary sugar alcohols showed obvious different diurnal variation with ratios of day/night reducing to 0.86 in summer but even increasing to 1.53 in winter, attributing to the additional impact of secondary transmission process. Source appointment suggested that biomass burning emission (36.41 %) and biogenic emission (43.17 %) were the main causes of organic aerosol, while anthropogenic related secondary process and sea salt injection accounted for 13.57 % and 6.85 %, respectively. We further elucidate that the biomass burning emission might be underestimated, as levoglucosan undergoes degradation processes in the atmosphere, which are affected by various atmospheric physicochemical factors, and the degradation degree is particularly severe in remote areas like the oceans. In addition, significantly low ratio of levoglucosan to mannosan (L/M) occurred in air mass from marine area, indicating that levoglucosan was likely be more fully aged after hovering over a large-scale of oceanic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Fu
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Li
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mengke Tian
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guochen Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Congrui Deng
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 202162, China; IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Kan Huang
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 202162, China; IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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3
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Shen C, Zhang W, Choczynski J, Davies JF, Zhang H. Phase State and Relative Humidity Regulate the Heterogeneous Oxidation Kinetics and Pathways of Organic-Inorganic Mixed Aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15398-15407. [PMID: 36306431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic species always coexist with organic materials in atmospheric particles and may influence the heterogeneous oxidation of organic aerosols. However, very limited studies have explored the role of the inorganics in the chemical evolution of organic species in mixed aerosols. This study examines the heterogeneous oxidation of glutaric acid-ammonium sulfate and 1,2,6-hexanetriol-ammonium sulfate aerosols by hydroxyl radicals (OH) under varied organic mass fractions (forg) and relative humidity in a flow tube reactor. Coupling the oxidation kinetics and product measurements with kinetic model simulations, we found that under both low relative humidity (RH, 30-35%) and high RH conditions (85%), the decreased forg from 0.7 to 0.2 accelerates the oxidation of the organic materials by a factor of up to 11. We suggest that the faster oxidation kinetics under low-RH conditions is due to full or partial phase separation, with the organics greatly enriched at the particle outer region, while enhanced "salting-out" of the organics and OH adsorption caused by higher inorganics could explain the observations under high-RH conditions. Analysis of the oxidation products reveals that the dilution of organics by the inorganic salts and corresponding water uptake under high-RH conditions will favor alkoxy radical fragmentation by a factor of 3-4 and inhibit its secondary chain propagation chemistry. Our results suggest that atmospheric organic aerosol oxidation lifetime and composition are strongly impacted by the coexistent inorganic salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California92507, United States
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California92507, United States
| | - Jack Choczynski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California92507, United States
| | - James F Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California92507, United States
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California92507, United States
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4
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Xu W, Li Z, Lambe AT, Li J, Liu T, Du A, Zhang Z, Zhou W, Sun Y. Secondary organic aerosol formation and aging from ambient air in an oxidation flow reactor during wintertime in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112751. [PMID: 35077717 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) constitute a large fraction of atmospheric aerosols, yet our knowledge of the formation and aging processes of SOA in megacities of China is still limited. In this work, the formation and aging processes of SOA in winter in Beijing was investigated using a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and an oxidation flow reactor (OFR). Our results showed that the OA enhancement from OH aging peaked at ∼3.9 equivalent days with an average enhancement of 0.9 (±0.3) μg m-3. Positive matrix factorization analysis of AMS-OFR data identified three primary OA (POA) and two SOA factors. While the concentrations of POA factors decreased as a function of photochemical age, the two SOA factors showed clear enhancements by 2.5 and 4.3 μg m-3 at ∼3.9 and ∼2.6 days of equivalent photochemical age, respectively. The average contribution of SOA to the total OA was 47% in ambient air and 87% in OFR-oxidized ambient air. The elevated oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratio from 0.49 to 0.77-0.82 and the decreased hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) from 1.37 to ∼1.1 highlighted the formation of more oxidized SOA during photochemical aging in winter in Beijing. The ubiquitous SOA enhancement as a function of OA levels indicated the significant formation potential of SOA in winter, and it varied differently among different episodes. In particular, we observed a maximum SOA enhancement of 38.6 μg m-3 during a biomass burning event. This result demonstrates that photochemical oxidation of ubiquitous biomass burning emissions can be a large source of SOA in winter in North China Plain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | - Jinjian Li
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tengyu Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Aodong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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5
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Li J, Knopf DA. Representation of Multiphase OH Oxidation of Amorphous Organic Aerosol for Tropospheric Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7266-7275. [PMID: 33974411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic aerosol (OA) is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and, during transport, can experience chemical transformation with consequences for air quality and climate. Prediction of the chemical evolution of OA depends on its reactivity with atmospheric oxidants such as the OH radical. OA particles undergo amorphous phase transitions from liquid to solid (glassy) states in response to temperature changes, which, in turn, will impact its reactivity toward OH oxidation. To improve the predictability of OA reactivity toward OH oxidation, the reactive uptake coefficients (γ) of OH radicals reacting with triacontane and squalane serving as amorphous OA surrogates were measured at temperatures from 213-293 K. γ increases strongest with temperature when the organic species is in the liquid phase, compared to when being in the semisolid or solid phase. The resistor model is applied, accounting for the amorphous phase state changes using the organic species' glass transition temperature and fragility, to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of the temperature dependent OH uptake process. This allows for the derivation of a semiempirical formula, applicable to models, to predict the degree of oxidation and chemical lifetime of the condensed-phase organic species for typical tropospheric temperature and humidity when OA particle viscosity is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jienan Li
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Daniel A Knopf
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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6
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Li Y, Fu TM, Yu JZ, Feng X, Zhang L, Chen J, Boreddy SKR, Kawamura K, Fu P, Yang X, Zhu L, Zeng Z. Impacts of Chemical Degradation on the Global Budget of Atmospheric Levoglucosan and Its Use As a Biomass Burning Tracer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5525-5536. [PMID: 33754698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosan has been widely used to quantitatively assess biomass burning's contribution to ambient aerosols, but previous such assessments have not accounted for levoglucosan's degradation in the atmosphere. We develop the first global simulation of atmospheric levoglucosan, explicitly accounting for its chemical degradation, to evaluate the impacts on levoglucosan's use in quantitative aerosol source apportionment. Levoglucosan is emitted into the atmosphere from the burning of plant matter in open fires (1.7 Tg yr-1) and as biofuels (2.1 Tg yr-1). Sinks of atmospheric levoglucosan include aqueous-phase oxidation (2.9 Tg yr-1), heterogeneous oxidation (0.16 Tg yr-1), gas-phase oxidation (1.4 × 10-4 Tg yr-1), and dry and wet deposition (0.27 and 0.43 Tg yr -1). The global atmospheric burden of levoglucosan is 19 Gg with a lifetime of 1.8 days. Observations show a sharp decline in levoglucosan's concentrations and its relative abundance to organic carbon aerosol (OC) and particulate K+ from near-source to remote sites. We show that such features can only be reproduced when levoglucosan's chemical degradation is included in the model. Using model results, we develop statistical parametrizations to account for the atmospheric degradation in levoglucosan measurements, improving their use for quantitative aerosol source apportionment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Li
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Tzung-May Fu
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Sustainable Development, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Jian Zhen Yu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xu Feng
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Suresh Kumar Reddy Boreddy
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Thiruvananthapuram, 695022, India
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Pingqing Fu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Sustainable Development, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Sustainable Development, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Sustainable Development, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
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7
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Wang T, Liu Y, Deng Y, Cheng H, Yang Y, Feng Y, Zhang L, Fu H, Chen J. Photochemical Oxidation of Water-Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) on Mineral Dust and Enhanced Organic Ammonium Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15631-15642. [PMID: 33210909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), which is closely related to biogenic emissions, is of great importance in the atmosphere for its ubiquitous existence and rich abundance. Levoglucosan, a typical WSOC, is usually considered to be stable and thus used as a tracer of biomass burning. However, we found that levoglucosan can be photo-oxidized on mineral dust, with formic acid, oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid, 2,3-dioxopropanoic acid, dicarbonic acid, performic acid, mesoxalaldehyde, 2-hydroxymalonaldehyde, carbonic formic anhydride, and 1,3-dioxolane-2,4-dione detected as main products. Further, we observed the heterogeneous uptake of NH3 promoted by the carboxylic acids stemming from the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of levoglucosan. The mineral-dust-initiated PCO of levoglucosan and enhanced heterogeneous uptake of NH3, which are highly influenced by irradiation and moisture conditions, were for the first time revealed. The reaction mechanisms and pathways were studied in detail by diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPPI-ToF-MS) and flow reactor systems. Diverse WSOC constituents were studied as well, and the reactivity toward NH3 is related to the number of hydroxyl groups of the WSOC molecules. This work reveals a new precursor of secondary organic aerosols and provides experimental evidence of the existence of organic ammonium salts in atmospheric particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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8
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Yang C, Zhang C, Luo X, Liu X, Cao F, Zhang YL. Isomerization and Degradation of Levoglucosan via the Photo-Fenton Process: Insights from Aqueous-Phase Experiments and Atmospheric Particulate Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11789-11797. [PMID: 32897062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
So far, studies on the conversion of stereochemistry under photo-Fenton conditions and their atmospheric implication are still rare. Here, we found that the biomass burning marker, the chiral compound levoglucosan (L), undergoes oxidative degradation under photo-Fenton conditions and can be isomerized into mannosan (M) and galactosan (G) simultaneously. Among the formic acid, acetic acid, and oxalic acid in the degradation products of levoglucosan, it was found that the yield of formation of formic acid in the photo-Fenton pathway can be as high as 86%. It is worth noting that both levoglucosan and its isomers are present in the atmosphere and their concentrations are strongly correlated. At the same time, the range of their concentration ratios, L/(G + M), measured in the photo-Fenton experiments in the laboratory was found to agree well with that measured in atmospheric PM2.5 samples. However, the sources of L, G, and M in the atmosphere are complex, and the photo-Fenton reaction may be an essential pathway for the distribution of L, G, and M in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yang
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaosan Luo
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fang Cao
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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9
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Peng Z, Jimenez JL. Radical chemistry in oxidation flow reactors for atmospheric chemistry research. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2570-2616. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00766k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We summarize the studies on the chemistry in oxidation flow reactor and discuss its atmospheric relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Peng
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | - Jose L. Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
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10
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Cavieres MF, Leiva V, Marchant C, Rojas F. A Methodology for Data-Driven Decision-Making in the Monitoring of Particulate Matter Environmental Contamination in Santiago of Chile. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 250:45-67. [PMID: 32318823 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution derives mainly from anthropogenic activities that use combustion and may lead to adverse effects in exposed populations. It is generally accepted that air contamination causes cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity in addition to increased mortality after exposure, but other epidemiological associations have also been described, including cancer as well as reproductive and immunological toxicity. Thus the concentration of chemicals in the air must be controlled. We propose that monitoring of air quality may be achieved by employing data analytics to generate information within the context of data-driven decision making to prevent and/or adequately alert the population about possible critical episodes of air contamination. In this paper, we propose a methodology for monitoring particulate matter pollution in Santiago of Chile which is based on bivariate control charts with heavy-tailed asymmetric distributions. This methodology is useful for monitoring environmental risk when the particulate matter concentrations follow bivariate Birnbaum-Saunders or Birnbaum-Saunders-t-Student distributions. A case study with real particulate matter pollution from Santiago is provided, which shows that the methodology is suitable to alert early episodes of extreme air pollution. The results are in agreement with the critical episodes reported with the current model used by the Chilean health authority.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Leiva
- School of Industrial Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carolina Marchant
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Fernando Rojas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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11
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Zhao Z, Tolentino R, Lee J, Vuong A, Yang X, Zhang H. Interfacial Dimerization by Organic Radical Reactions during Heterogeneous Oxidative Aging of Oxygenated Organic Aerosols. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10782-10792. [PMID: 31765152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative aging of atmospheric organic aerosols (OA) substantially modifies their chemical compositions, physical properties, and hence the various environmental impacts. Here, we report observations of a previously unrecognized process leading to dimer formation during heterogeneous •OH-initiated oxidative aging of oxygenated OA. Isomer-resolved ion mobility mass spectrometry measurements and reaction-diffusion kinetic simulations are in good agreement, elucidating new mechanisms of dimerization by organic radical (i.e., peroxy and alkoxy radicals) cross reactions using glutaric acid as a surrogate oxygenated OA. These radical reactions are predicted to occur more prominently near the gas-particle interface following oxidation, especially in diffusion-limited viscous OA particles. Chemical structure analysis shows that esters dominate the detected dimers, followed by organic peroxides and ethers, highlighting the importance of acyl peroxy and acyloxy radicals. Simulations suggest that the reported dimer formation through the new interfacial mechanism could be appreciable under both laboratory and ambient conditions. Therefore, the dimers that are formed and enriched at the gas-particle interface are expected to play a crucial role in the effective reactivity, volatility, viscosity, and hygroscopicity of aged OA particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , University of California at Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Ricardo Tolentino
- Department of Chemistry , University of California at Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University of California at Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Austin Vuong
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology , University of California at Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of California at Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California at Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
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12
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Wang Q, Ye J, Wang Y, Zhang T, Ran W, Wu Y, Tian J, Li L, Zhou Y, Hang Ho SS, Dang B, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Chen Y, Zhu C, Cao J. Wintertime Optical Properties of Primary and Secondary Brown Carbon at a Regional Site in the North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12389-12397. [PMID: 31553592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The light-absorbing properties of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) are poorly understood due to its complex chemical composition. Here, a black-carbon-tracer method was coupled with source apportionments of organic aerosol (OA) to explore the light-absorbing properties of primary and secondary BrC from the North China Plain (NCP). Primary emissions of BrC contributed more to OA light absorption than secondary processes, and biomass burning OA accounted for 60% of primary BrC absorption at λ = 370 nm, followed by coal combustion OA (35%) and hydrocarbon-like OA (5%). Secondary BrC absorption was high in the early morning and later decreased due to the bleaching of chromophores. Nighttime aqueous-phase chemistry promoted the formation of secondary light-absorbing compounds and the production of strongly absorbing particles. Source analysis showed that the NCP region was the most important source for primary and secondary BrC subtypes at the study site. The mean direct radiative forcing for BrC was 0.15 W m-2 (0.11 W m-2 and 0.04 W m-2 for the primary and secondary fractions, respectively). This study provides new information on the optical properties of primary and secondary BrC and highlights the importance of atmospheric oxidation on BrC absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Jianhuai Ye
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Yichen Wang
- School of Humanities, Economics and Law , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710129 , China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Weikang Ran
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Yaqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences , Desert Research Institute , Reno , Nevada 89512 , United States
| | - Bo Dang
- Shannxi Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control Technology for Oil and Gas Wells , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an 710055 , China
| | - Renjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Yang Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714 , China
| | - Chongshu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change , Xi'an 710061 , China
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13
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Fortenberry C, Walker M, Dang A, Loka A, Date G, de Carvalho KC, Morrison G, Williams B. Analysis of indoor particles and gases and their evolution with natural ventilation. INDOOR AIR 2019; 29:761-779. [PMID: 31264732 PMCID: PMC8415620 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The air composition and reactivity from outdoor and indoor mixing field campaign was conducted to investigate the impacts of natural ventilation (ie, window opening and closing) on indoor air quality. In this study, a thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG) obtained measurements of indoor particle- and gas-phase semi- and intermediately volatile organic compounds both inside and outside a single-family test home. Together with measurements from a suite of instruments, we use TAG data to evaluate changes in indoor particles and gases at three natural ventilation periods. Positive matrix factorization was performed on TAG and adsorbent tube data to explore five distinct chemical and physical processes occurring in the indoor environment. Outdoor-to-indoor transport is observed for sulfate, isoprene epoxydiols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy alkanes. Dilution of indoor species is observed for volatile, non-reactive species including methylcyclohexane and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane. Window opening drives enhanced emissions of semi- and intermediately volatile species including TXIB, DEET, diethyl phthalate, and carvone from indoor surfaces. Formation via enhanced oxidation was observed for nonanal and 2-decanone when outdoor oxidants entered the home. Finally, oxidative depletion of gas-phase terpenes (eg, limonene and α-pinene) was anticipated but not observed due to limited measurement resolution and dynamically changing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Fortenberry
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael Walker
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Audrey Dang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Arun Loka
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri
| | - Gauri Date
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri
| | | | - Glenn Morrison
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brent Williams
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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14
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Fan H, Wenyika Masaya T, Goulay F. Effect of surface-bulk partitioning on the heterogeneous oxidation of aqueous saccharide aerosols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2992-3001. [PMID: 30672531 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06785f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The OH-initiated heterogeneous oxidation of mixed saccharide aqueous aerosols is investigated using an atmospheric-pressure flow tube coupled to off-line analysis of the particle composition. For equimolar monosaccharide/disaccharide aqueous aerosol mixtures, the decay of the disaccharide is found to be significantly slower than that of the monosaccharide. Molecular dynamics simulations of the mixed aqueous solutions reveal the formation of a ∼10 Å disaccharide exclusion layer below the water surface. A simple chemical model is developed to discuss the possible effect of the disaccharide surface partitioning on the heterogeneous kinetics. The observed decays are consistent with a poor spatial overlap of the OH radical at the interface with the disaccharide in the particle bulk. The effect of partitioning on the heterogeneous oxidation of atmospheric organic aerosols is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Fan
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA.
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15
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Comparison of Measurement-Based Methodologies to Apportion Secondary Organic Carbon (SOC) in PM2.5: A Review of Recent Studies. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9110452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is known to account for a major fraction of airborne particulate matter, with significant impacts on air quality and climate at the global scale. Despite the substantial amount of research studies achieved during these last decades, the source apportionment of the SOA fraction remains difficult due to the complexity of the physicochemical processes involved. The selection and use of appropriate approaches are a major challenge for the atmospheric science community. Several methodologies are nowadays available to perform quantitative and/or predictive assessments of the SOA amount and composition. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the most commonly used approaches to evaluate secondary organic carbon (SOC) contents: elemental carbon (EC) tracer method, chemical mass balance (CMB), SOA tracer method, radiocarbon (14C) measurement and positive matrix factorization (PMF). The principles, limitations, challenges and good practices of each of these methodologies are discussed in the present article. Based on a comprehensive—although not exhaustive—review of research papers published during the last decade (2006–2016), SOC estimates obtained using these methodologies are also summarized for different regions across the world. Conclusions of some studies which are directly comparing the performances of different methodologies are then specifically discussed. An overall picture of SOC contributions and concentrations obtained worldwide for urban sites under similar conditions (i.e., geographical and seasonal ones) is also proposed here. Finally, further needs to improve SOC apportionment methodologies are also identified and discussed.
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17
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18
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Modeling Heterogeneous Oxidation of NOx, SO2 and Hydrocarbons in the Presence of Mineral Dust Particles under Various Atmospheric Environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1299.ch015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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19
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Srivastava D, Tomaz S, Favez O, Lanzafame GM, Golly B, Besombes JL, Alleman LY, Jaffrezo JL, Jacob V, Perraudin E, Villenave E, Albinet A. Speciation of organic fraction does matter for source apportionment. Part 1: A one-year campaign in Grenoble (France). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:1598-1611. [PMID: 29275933 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PM10 source apportionment was performed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) using specific primary and secondary organic molecular markers on samples collected over a one year period (2013) at an urban station in Grenoble (France). The results provided a 9-factor optimum solution, including sources rarely apportioned in the literature, such as two types of primary biogenic organic aerosols (fungal spores and plant debris), as well as specific biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOA). These sources were identified thanks to the use of key organic markers, namely, polyols, odd number higher alkanes, and several SOA markers related to the oxidation of isoprene, α-pinene, toluene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Primary and secondary biogenic contributions together accounted for at least 68% of the total organic carbon (OC) in the summer, while anthropogenic primary and secondary sources represented at least 71% of OC during wintertime. A very significant contribution of anthropogenic SOA was estimated in the winter during an intense PM pollution event (PM10>50μgm-3 for several days; 18% of PM10 and 42% of OC). Specific meteorological conditions with a stagnation of pollutants over 10days and possibly Fenton-like chemistry and self-amplification cycle of SOA formation could explain such high anthropogenic SOA concentrations during this period. Finally, PMF outputs were also used to investigate the origins of humic-like substances (HuLiS), which represented 16% of OC on an annual average basis. The results indicated that HuLiS were mainly associated with biomass burning (22%), secondary inorganic (22%), mineral dust (15%) and biogenic SOA (14%) factors. This study is probably the first to state that HuLiS are significantly associated with mineral dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepchandra Srivastava
- INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805 CNRS, 33405 Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805 CNRS, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Sophie Tomaz
- INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805 CNRS, 33405 Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805 CNRS, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Olivier Favez
- INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
| | | | - Benjamin Golly
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LCME, 73000 Chambéry, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, IGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Véronique Jacob
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, IGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Emilie Perraudin
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805 CNRS, 33405 Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805 CNRS, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Eric Villenave
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805 CNRS, 33405 Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805 CNRS, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Alexandre Albinet
- INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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20
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Monoterpenes are the largest source of summertime organic aerosol in the southeastern United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:2038-2043. [PMID: 29440409 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717513115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical complexity of atmospheric organic aerosol (OA) has caused substantial uncertainties in understanding its origins and environmental impacts. Here, we provide constraints on OA origins through compositional characterization with molecular-level details. Our results suggest that secondary OA (SOA) from monoterpene oxidation accounts for approximately half of summertime fine OA in Centreville, AL, a forested area in the southeastern United States influenced by anthropogenic pollution. We find that different chemical processes involving nitrogen oxides, during days and nights, play a central role in determining the mass of monoterpene SOA produced. These findings elucidate the strong anthropogenic-biogenic interaction affecting ambient aerosol in the southeastern United States and point out the importance of reducing anthropogenic emissions, especially under a changing climate, where biogenic emissions will likely keep increasing.
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21
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Laskin A, Lin P, Laskin J, Fleming LT, Nizkorodov S. Molecular Characterization of Atmospheric Brown Carbon. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1299.ch013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Lauren T. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sergey Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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22
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Verma V, Sioutas C, Weber RJ. Oxidative Properties of Ambient Particulate Matter - An Assessment of the Relative Contributions from Various Aerosol Components and Their Emission Sources. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1299.ch019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Verma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Rodney J. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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23
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Blees J, Saurer M, Siegwolf RTW, Ulevicius V, Prevôt ASH, Dommen J, Lehmann MM. Oxygen isotope analysis of levoglucosan, a tracer of wood burning, in experimental and ambient aerosol samples. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:2101-2108. [PMID: 28972298 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Levoglucosan is formed from cellulose during biomass burning. It is therefore often used as a specific tracer to quantify the contribution of wood burning to the aerosol loading. The stable oxygen isotope composition (δ18 O value) of biomass is determined by the water cycle and varies regionally, and hence the δ18 O value of levoglucosan could help to identify source regions of organic aerosols. METHODS After solvent extraction of the organic fraction and concentration steps, a recently developed methylation derivatisation technique was applied on experimental (i.e. controlled wood-burning experiments) and on ambient aerosol samples from Switzerland and Lithuania. The method achieves sufficient compound separation for isotope analysis in atmospheric particulate matter, enabling δ18 O analysis of levoglucosan by gas chromatography/pyrolysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/Pyr-IRMS), with a precision better than 1.0 ‰ and an accuracy of 0.3 ‰. RESULTS The δ18 O value of the levoglucosan released during controlled wood-burning experiments was not significantly different from the cellulose δ18 O values, which implies very little or no isotope fractionation during wood burning under the given conditions. While the δ18 O values of levoglucosan in Swiss samples were as expected for the source region, those in Lithuania were 1-4 ‰ lower than expected. This may be due to differences in vegetation (grass vs wood) or burning conditions (high vs low temperatures). CONCLUSIONS Low oxygen isotope fractionation between cellulose and levoglucosan and clear differences in levoglucosan δ18 O values between the Swiss and Lithuanian ambient samples demonstrate that our new method is useful for source appointment studies on wood-burning-derived aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Blees
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Rolf T W Siegwolf
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Vidmantas Ulevicius
- Department of Environmental Research, SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - André S H Prevôt
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Josef Dommen
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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24
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Enami S, Hoffmann MR, Colussi AJ. Criegee Intermediates React with Levoglucosan on Water. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3888-3894. [PMID: 28767252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosan (Levo), a C6-anhydrosaccharide produced in the combustion of cellulosic materials, is the major component of aerosols produced from biomass burning over vast regions worldwide. Levo has long been considered chemically inert and thus has been used as a tracer of biomass burning sources. However, we now show that sugars including Levo, glucose, arabitol, and mannitol react rapidly with Criegee intermediates (CIs) generated during the ozonolysis of sesquiterpenes on the surface of water:acetonitrile microjets. Hydrophilic Levo reacts faster with CIs than with water or surface-active 1-octanol at air-aqueous interfaces. This unexpected phenomenon is likely associated with the relatively low water density at air-aqueous interfaces coupled with a higher gas-phase acidity of the saccharide hydroxyl groups (i.e., -OH) versus n-alkanols. Results presented herein show that aerosol saccharides are in fact reactive toward CIs. Given the abundance of saccharides in the atmosphere, they may be important contributors to the growth and mass loading of secondary organic aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Michael R Hoffmann
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - A J Colussi
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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25
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Liu MJ, Wiegel AA, Wilson KR, Houle FA. Aerosol Fragmentation Driven by Coupling of Acid–Base and Free-Radical Chemistry in the Heterogeneous Oxidation of Aqueous Citric Acid by OH Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5856-5870. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Liu
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94702, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aaron A. Wiegel
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94702, United States
| | - Kevin R. Wilson
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94702, United States
| | - Frances A. Houle
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94702, United States
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26
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Emanuelsson EU, Tschiskale M, Bilde M. Phase State and Saturation Vapor Pressure of Submicron Particles of meso-Erythritol at Ambient Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7183-91. [PMID: 27525492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b04349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
meso-Erythritol is a sugar alcohol identified in atmospheric aerosol particles. In this work, evaporation of submicron-sized particles of meso-erythritol was studied in a TDMA system including a laminar flow tube under dry conditions at five temperatures (278-308 K) and ambient pressure. A complex behavior was observed and attributed to the formation of particles of three different phase states: (1) crystalline, (2) subcooled liquid or amorphous, and (3) mixed. With respect to saturation vapor pressure, the subcooled liquid and amorphous states are treated to be the same. The particle phase state was linked to initial particle size and flow tube temperature. Saturation vapor pressures of two phase states attributed to the crystalline and subcooled liquid state respectively are reported. Our results suggest a mass accommodation coefficient close to one for both states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva U Emanuelsson
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Tschiskale
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Bilde
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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27
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Lee L, Wilson K. The Reactive–Diffusive Length of OH and Ozone in Model Organic Aerosols. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6800-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lance Lee
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin Wilson
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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28
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Wintertime Residential Biomass Burning in Las Vegas, Nevada; Marker Components and Apportionment Methods. ATMOSPHERE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos7040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Zangrando R, Barbaro E, Vecchiato M, Kehrwald NM, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Levoglucosan and phenols in Antarctic marine, coastal and plateau aerosols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:606-616. [PMID: 26674690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to its isolated location, Antarctica is a natural laboratory for studying atmospheric aerosols and pollution in remote areas. Here, we determined levoglucosan and phenolic compounds (PCs) at diverse Antarctic sites: on the plateau, a coastal station and during an oceanographic cruise. Levoglucosan and PCs reached the Antarctic plateau where they were observed in accumulation mode aerosols (with median levoglucosan concentrations of 6.4 pg m(-3) and 4.1 pg m(-3), and median PC concentrations of 15.0 pg m(-3) and 7.3 pg m(-3)). Aged aerosols arrived at the coastal site through katabatic circulation with the majority of the levoglucosan mass distributed on larger particulates (24.8 pg m(-3)), while PCs were present in fine particles (34.0 pg m(-3)). The low levoglucosan/PC ratios in Antarctic aerosols suggest that biomass burning aerosols only had regional, rather than local, sources. General acid/aldehyde ratios were lower at the coastal site than on the plateau. Levoglucosan and PCs determined during the oceanographic cruise were 37.6 pg m(-3) and 58.5 pg m(-3) respectively. Unlike levoglucosan, which can only be produced by biomass burning, PCs have both biomass burning and other sources. Our comparisons of these two types of compounds across a range of Antarctic marine, coastal, and plateau sites demonstrate that local marine sources dominate Antarctic PC concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zangrando
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| | - Natalie M Kehrwald
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy
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30
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Fan H, Tinsley MR, Goulay F. Effect of Relative Humidity on the OH-Initiated Heterogeneous Oxidation of Monosaccharide Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11182-90. [PMID: 26473757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Fan
- Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Mark R. Tinsley
- Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Fabien Goulay
- Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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31
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Kroll JH, Lim CY, Kessler SH, Wilson KR. Heterogeneous Oxidation of Atmospheric Organic Aerosol: Kinetics of Changes to the Amount and Oxidation State of Particle-Phase Organic Carbon. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10767-83. [PMID: 26381466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric oxidation reactions are known to affect the chemical composition of organic aerosol (OA) particles over timescales of several days, but the details of such oxidative aging reactions are poorly understood. In this study we examine the rates and products of a key class of aging reaction, the heterogeneous oxidation of particle-phase organic species by the gas-phase hydroxyl radical (OH). We compile and reanalyze a number of previous studies from our laboratories involving the oxidation of single-component organic particles. All kinetic and product data are described on a common basis, enabling a straightforward comparison among different chemical systems and experimental conditions. Oxidation chemistry is described in terms of changes to key ensemble properties of the OA, rather than to its detailed molecular composition, focusing on two quantities in particular, the amount and the oxidation state of the particle-phase carbon. Heterogeneous oxidation increases the oxidation state of particulate carbon, with the rate of increase determined by the detailed chemical mechanism. At the same time, the amount of particle-phase carbon decreases with oxidation, due to fragmentation (C-C scission) reactions that form small, volatile products that escape to the gas phase. In contrast to the oxidation state increase, the rate of carbon loss is nearly uniform among most systems studied. Extrapolation of these results to atmospheric conditions indicates that heterogeneous oxidation can have a substantial effect on the amount and composition of atmospheric OA over timescales of several days, a prediction that is broadly in line with available measurements of OA evolution over such long timescales. In particular, 3-13% of particle-phase carbon is lost to the gas phase after one week of heterogeneous oxidation. Our results indicate that oxidative aging represents an important sink for particulate organic carbon, and more generally that fragmentation reactions play a major role in the lifecycle of atmospheric OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kevin R Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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32
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Farmer DK, Cappa CD, Kreidenweis SM. Atmospheric Processes and Their Controlling Influence on Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activity. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4199-217. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5006292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher D. Cappa
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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33
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Arangio AM, Slade JH, Berkemeier T, Pöschl U, Knopf DA, Shiraiwa M. Multiphase Chemical Kinetics of OH Radical Uptake by Molecular Organic Markers of Biomass Burning Aerosols: Humidity and Temperature Dependence, Surface Reaction, and Bulk Diffusion. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4533-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp510489z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Arangio
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan H. Slade
- Institute
for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, School of Marine and Atmospheric
Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Thomas Berkemeier
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel A. Knopf
- Institute
for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, School of Marine and Atmospheric
Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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34
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Browne EC, Franklin JP, Canagaratna MR, Massoli P, Kirchstetter TW, Worsnop DR, Wilson KR, Kroll JH. Changes to the chemical composition of soot from heterogeneous oxidation reactions. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:1154-63. [PMID: 25654760 DOI: 10.1021/jp511507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric aging of soot particles, in which various atmospheric processes alter the particles' chemical and physical properties, is poorly understood and consequently is not well-represented in models. In this work, soot aging via heterogeneous oxidation by OH and ozone is investigated using an aerosol flow reactor coupled to a new high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometric technique that utilizes infrared vaporization and single-photon vacuum ultraviolet ionization. This analytical technique simultaneously measures the elemental and organic carbon components of soot, allowing for the composition of both fractions to be monitored. At oxidant exposures relevant to the particles' atmospheric lifetimes (the equivalent of several days of oxidation), the elemental carbon portion of the soot, which makes up the majority of the particle mass, undergoes no discernible changes in mass or composition. In contrast, the organic carbon (which in the case of methane flame soot is dominated by aliphatic species) is highly reactive, undergoing first the addition of oxygen-containing functional groups and ultimately the loss of organic carbon mass from fragmentation reactions that form volatile products. These changes occur on time scales comparable to those of other nonoxidative aging processes such as condensation, suggesting that further research into the combined effects of heterogeneous and condensational aging is needed to improve our ability to accurately predict the climate and health impacts of soot particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C Browne
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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35
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Lai C, Liu Y, Ma J, Ma Q, He H. Laboratory study on OH-initiated degradation kinetics of dehydroabietic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:10953-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00268k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The degradation kinetics of dehydroabietic acid by OH radicals were investigated under various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyue Lai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
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36
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Cheng CT, Chan MN, Wilson KR. The role of alkoxy radicals in the heterogeneous reaction of two structural isomers of dimethylsuccinic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25309-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03791c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous reaction of hydroxyl radicals with two isomers of dimethylsuccinic acid is used to explore how the location of branched methyl groups controls C–C bond scission and molecular weight growth reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu Tung Cheng
- Earth System Science Programme
- Faculty of Science
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Nin Chan
- Earth System Science Programme
- Faculty of Science
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong, China
- The Institute of Environment
| | - Kevin R. Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
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37
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Wiegel AA, Wilson KR, Hinsberg WD, Houle FA. Stochastic methods for aerosol chemistry: a compact molecular description of functionalization and fragmentation in the heterogeneous oxidation of squalane aerosol by OH radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4398-411. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04927f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A compact, experimentally validated model of organic aerosol oxidation enables the ageing process to be connected to specific chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Wiegel
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - K. R. Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | | | - F. A. Houle
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
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38
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Nah T, Zhang H, Worton DR, Ruehl CR, Kirk BB, Goldstein AH, Leone SR, Wilson KR. Isomeric Product Detection in the Heterogeneous Reaction of Hydroxyl Radicals with Aerosol Composed of Branched and Linear Unsaturated Organic Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11555-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508378z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David R. Worton
- Aerosol Dynamics Inc., Berkeley, California 94710, United States
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39
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Hunter JF, Carrasquillo AJ, Daumit KE, Kroll JH. Secondary organic aerosol formation from acyclic, monocyclic, and polycyclic alkanes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:10227-10234. [PMID: 25093758 DOI: 10.1021/es502674s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A large number of organic species emitted into the atmosphere contain cycloalkyl groups. While cyclic species are believed to be important secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors, the specific role of cyclic moieties (particularly for species with multiple or fused rings) remains uncertain. Here we examine the yields and composition of SOA formed from the reaction of OH with a series of C10 (cyclo)alkanes, with 0-3 rings, in order to better understand the role of multiple cyclic moieties on aerosol formation pathways. A chamber oxidation technique using high, sustained OH radical concentrations was used to simulate long reaction times in the atmosphere. This aging technique leads to higher yields than in previously reported chamber experiments. Yields were highest for cyclic and polycyclic precursors, though yield exhibited little dependence on number of rings. However, the oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the SOA was highest for the polycyclic precursors. These trends are consistent with aerosol formation requiring two generations of oxidation and 3-4 oxygen-containing functional groups in order to condense. Cyclic, unbranched structures are protected from fragmentation during the first oxidation step, with C-C bond scission instead leading to ring opening, efficient functionalization, and high SOA yields. Fragmentation may occur during subsequent oxidation steps, limiting yields by forming volatile products. Polycyclic structures can undergo multiple ring opening reactions, but do not have markedly higher yields, likely due to enhanced fragmentation in the second oxidation step. By contrast, C-C bond scission for the linear and branched structures leads to fragmentation prior to condensation, resulting in low SOA yields. The results highlight the key roles of multigenerational chemistry and susceptibility to fragmentation in the formation and evolution of SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Hunter
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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40
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Nah T, Kessler SH, Daumit KE, Kroll JH, Leone SR, Wilson KR. Influence of Molecular Structure and Chemical Functionality on the Heterogeneous OH-Initiated Oxidation of Unsaturated Organic Particles. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:4106-19. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502666g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Nah
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sean H. Kessler
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kelly E. Daumit
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jesse H. Kroll
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin R. Wilson
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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41
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Daumit KE, Kessler SH, Kroll JH. Average chemical properties and potential formation pathways of highly oxidized organic aerosol. Faraday Discuss 2014; 165:181-202. [PMID: 24601003 DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of ambient organic aerosol indicate that a substantial fraction is highly oxidized and low in volatility, but this fraction is generally not reproduced well in either laboratory studies or models. Here we describe a new approach for constraining the viable precursors and formation pathways of highly oxidized organic aerosol, by starting with the oxidized product and considering the possible reverse reactions, using a set of simple chemical rules. The focus of this work is low-volatility oxidized organic aerosol (LV-OOA), determined from factor analysis of aerosol mass spectrometer data. The elemental composition and volatility of the aerosol enable the determination of its position in a three-dimensional chemical space (defined by H/C, O/C, and carbon number) and thus its average chemical formula. Consideration of possible back-reactions then defines the movement taken through this chemical space, constraining potential reaction pathways and precursors. This approach is taken for two highly oxidized aerosol types, an average of LV-OOA factors from ten field campaigns (average formula C10.5H13.4O7.3), and extremely oxidized LV-OOA (from Mexico City, average formula C10H12.1O8.4). Results suggest that potential formation pathways include functionalization reactions that add multiple functional groups per oxidation step, oligomerization of highly oxidized precursors, and, in some cases, fragmentation reactions that involve the loss of small, reduced fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Daumit
- MIT Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sean H Kessler
- MIT Department of Chemical Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesse H Kroll
- MIT Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA
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42
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Xie M, Hannigan MP, Barsanti KC. Gas/particle partitioning of 2-methyltetrols and levoglucosan at an urban site in Denver. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:2835-2842. [PMID: 24517510 DOI: 10.1021/es405356n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a medium volume sampler incorporating quartz fiber filters (QFFs) and a polyurethane foam (PUF)/XAD/PUF sandwich (PXP) was used to collect 2-methyltetrols (isoprene tracer) and levoglucosan (biomass burning tracer) in gaseous and particle (PM2.5) phases. The measured gas/particle (G/P) partitioning coefficients (Kp,OMm) of 2-methyltetrols and levoglucosan were calculated and compared to their predicted G/P partitioning coefficients (Kp,OMt) based on an absorptive partitioning theory. The breakthrough experiments showed that gas-phase 2-methyltetrols and levoglucosan could be collected using the PXP or PUF adsorbent alone, with low breakthrough; however, the recoveries of levoglucosan in PXP samples were lower than 70% (average of 51.9–63.3%). The concentration ratios of 2-methyltetrols and levoglucosan in the gas phase to those in the particle phase were often close to or higher than unity in summer, indicating that these polar species are semi-volatile and their G/P partitioning should be considered when applying particle-phase data for source apportionment. The Kp,OMm values of 2-methyltetrols had small variability in summer Denver, which was ascribed to large variations in concentrations of particulate organic matter (5.14 ± 3.29 μg m–3) and small changes in ambient temperature (21.8 ± 4.05 °C). The regression between log Kp,OMm and log Kp,OMt suggested that the absorptive G/P partitioning theory could reasonably predict the measured G/P partitioning of levoglucosan in ambient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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43
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Liu Y, Liggio J, Harner T, Jantunen L, Shoeib M, Li SM. Heterogeneous OH initiated oxidation: a possible explanation for the persistence of organophosphate flame retardants in air. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:1041-8. [PMID: 24364718 DOI: 10.1021/es404515k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous reactions between OH radicals and emerging flame retardant compounds coated on inert particles have been investigated. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) including triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tris-2-ethylhexyl phosphate (TEHP), and tris-1,3-dichloro-2-propyl phosphate (TDCPP) were coated on (NH4)2SO4 particles and exposed to OH radicals in a photochemical flow tube at 298 K and (38.0 ± 2.0) % RH. The degradation of these particle-bound OPEs was observed as a result of OH exposure, as measured using a Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. The derived second-order rate constants for the heterogeneous loss of TPhP, TEHP, and TDCPP were (2.1 ± 0.19) × 10(-12), (2.7 ± 0.63) × 10(-12), and (9.2 ± 0.92) × 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively, from which approximate atmospheric lifetimes are estimated to be 5.6 (5.2-6.0), 4.3 (3.5-5.6), and 13 (11-14) days. Additional coating of the OPE coated particles with an OH radical active species further increased the lifetimes of these OPEs. These results represent the first reported estimates of heterogeneous reaction rate constants for these species. The results demonstrate that particle bound OPEs are highly persistent in the atmosphere with regard to OH radical oxidation, consistent with the assumption that OPEs can undergo medium or long-range transport, as previously proposed on the basis of field measurements. Finally, these results indicate that future risk assessment and transport modeling of emerging priority chemicals with semi- to low-volatility must consider particle phase heterogeneous loss processes when evaluating environmental persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Liu
- Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada , Toronto, M3H 5T4, Canada
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44
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Zhang H, Ruehl CR, Chan AWH, Nah T, Worton DR, Isaacman G, Goldstein AH, Wilson KR. OH-Initiated Heterogeneous Oxidation of Cholestane: A Model System for Understanding the Photochemical Aging of Cyclic Alkane Aerosols. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:12449-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jp407994m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Zhang
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher R. Ruehl
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Arthur W. H. Chan
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Theodora Nah
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David R. Worton
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Aerosol
Dynamics Inc., Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gabriel Isaacman
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Environmental
and Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin R. Wilson
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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45
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Bai J, Sun X, Zhang C, Xu Y, Qi C. The OH-initiated atmospheric reaction mechanism and kinetics for levoglucosan emitted in biomass burning. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2004-2010. [PMID: 23948612 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosan is a typical molecular tracer of biomass-burning aerosols in the atmosphere. The mechanism for OH-initiated reaction with levoglucosan is studied at the level of MPWB1K/6-311+G(3df,2p)//MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p). The possible subsequent reactions in the presence of O2, NO and H2O are also taken into consideration. The study shows that the H atom abstraction from the C4-position by the OH radical is an energetically favorable pathway, and that the OH-initiated products contribute to the formation of SOA and atmospheric acidity. The kinetic calculation is performed and the rate constants are calculated over the temperature range of 200-1500 K, using the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory. The rate constant of levoglucosan reacting with the OH radical at 298 K is 2.21×10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and the atmospheric lifetime is 26 days ([OH]=2.0×10(6) molecule cm(-3)). The equilibrium constants both in gas phase and aqueous are computed. The free energy ΔG indicates that, the subsequent reactions tend to take place more spontaneously once the reaction occurs. This work provides a comprehensive investigation about OH-initiated atmospheric reactions with levoglucosan, which is helpful for experiment and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, PR China
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46
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Zangrando R, Barbaro E, Zennaro P, Rossi S, Kehrwald NM, Gabrieli J, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Molecular markers of biomass burning in arctic aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:8565-8574. [PMID: 23808421 DOI: 10.1021/es400125r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning is one of the most important sources of organic matter in the atmosphere as it affects the absorption and scattering of solar radiation, creates cloud condensation nuclei and possibly influences ice and snow albedo. Here we created and validated an analytical method using HPLC/(-)-ESI-MS/MS to determine phenolic compounds (PCLCs): vanillic acid, isovanillic acid, homovanillic acid, syringic acid, syringaldehyde, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and coniferyl aldehyde at trace levels in particulate matter. We analyzed eighteen high-volume air samples from Ny Ålesund (Svalbard) collected during the boreal spring and summer of 2010. Biomass burning molecules including PCLCs (<0.49 μm, mean atmospheric concentration 6 pg m(-3)), levoglucosan (0.004 to 0.682 ng m(-3)) and acrylamide (32 fg m(-3) to 166 fg m(-3)) were present in the sampled aerosols. Levoglucosan concentrations, an unambiguous cellulose combustion tracer, derived from 2010 Russian fires. PCLCs levels in the Ny Alesund atmosphere in different size fractions reflected both long-range transport linked to biomass burning and a terrigenous local source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zangrando
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR , Venice, 30123 Italy.
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47
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Ruehl CR, Nah T, Isaacman G, Worton DR, Chan AWH, Kolesar KR, Cappa CD, Goldstein AH, Wilson KR. The Influence of Molecular Structure and Aerosol Phase on the Heterogeneous Oxidation of Normal and Branched Alkanes by OH. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3990-4000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401888q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Ruehl
- Chemical Sciences Division,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Theodora Nah
- Chemical Sciences Division,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gabriel Isaacman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David R. Worton
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Aerosol Dynamics Inc., Berkeley,
California 94710, United States
| | - Arthur W. H. Chan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Katheryn R. Kolesar
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christopher D. Cappa
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Environmental
Energy Technologies
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Kevin R. Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
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Nah T, Kessler SH, Daumit KE, Kroll JH, Leone SR, Wilson KR. OH-initiated oxidation of sub-micron unsaturated fatty acid particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:18649-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52655k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Slade JH, Knopf DA. Heterogeneous OH oxidation of biomass burning organic aerosol surrogate compounds: assessment of volatilisation products and the role of OH concentration on the reactive uptake kinetics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:5898-915. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44695f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Harmon CW, Ruehl CR, Cappa CD, Wilson KR. A statistical description of the evolution of cloud condensation nuclei activity during the heterogeneous oxidation of squalane and bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate aerosol by hydroxyl radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9679-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50347j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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